WO2020244015A1 - 适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构 - Google Patents

适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构 Download PDF

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WO2020244015A1
WO2020244015A1 PCT/CN2019/094781 CN2019094781W WO2020244015A1 WO 2020244015 A1 WO2020244015 A1 WO 2020244015A1 CN 2019094781 W CN2019094781 W CN 2019094781W WO 2020244015 A1 WO2020244015 A1 WO 2020244015A1
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current
flexible
transmission system
circuit
parallel
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PCT/CN2019/094781
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French (fr)
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王志新
王金健
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上海交通大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/021—Current limitation using saturable reactors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of power transmission and distribution, and in particular to a DC current limiter topology structure suitable for a flexible DC power transmission system.
  • the flexible DC transmission technology based on insulated gate bipolar transistors overcomes the shortcomings of traditional high voltage DC transmission that are easy to fail in commutation.
  • Flexible DC transmission is widely used in long-distance transmission of new energy due to its flexible control and power supply to passive networks. It is a key technology for the construction of energy Internet and smart grid.
  • the DC side short-circuit fault suppression methods are divided into three types according to the processing area: suppress the AC side feed current, control the converter to realize the self-clearing of the DC side short-circuit fault, and use the current limiter and the DC circuit breaker to remove the fault.
  • the first two methods can effectively suppress the fault current fed into the AC side, but cannot prevent the DC side parallel capacitor from discharging to the fault point.
  • the third method can suppress the inrush current caused by the parallel capacitor, it is affected by the breaking capacity and shutdown. Due to the limitation of breaking time, the application cases of high-voltage DC circuit breakers in actual projects are rare.
  • patent document CN108123427A discloses an inductive bidirectional DC current limiter topology.
  • the device is installed at the DC port of the converter station of the DC transmission system and consists of four parts: a circulation branch, a parallel diode string, a transfer circuit and a current-limiting inductor branch.
  • a circulation branch When the system fails, the fault current is transferred to the current-limiting branch with large inductance, but the patent does not consider the detection time of the fault current. Before the fault current is determined, the current flows through the current-limiting branch, which will cause a Large fault current.
  • Patent document CN104184135B provides a HVDC DC current limiter topology structure.
  • the DC current limiter includes parallel IGBT strings.
  • the anti-parallel reactor diode groups are connected in the middle of the IGBT strings to form a bridge structure; the bridge structure and
  • the bypass switches are connected in parallel.
  • the current limiter bypasses when the system is working normally, and is put into operation when the system fails, and by continuously switching between the two current flow paths according to a certain frequency, the DC current rises are limited.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a DC current limiter topology structure suitable for a flexible DC transmission system.
  • a DC current limiter topology structure suitable for a flexible DC transmission system includes: a current-limiting reactor, a main circuit and a current-limiting circuit;
  • the main loop and the current limiting loop are connected in parallel to form a parallel circuit
  • the current-limiting reactor is connected in series with the parallel circuit.
  • the main loop includes: two pairs of reverse-series IGBT tubes and a fast isolation switch UFD are connected in series.
  • the current limiting loop includes an inductor and a resistor connected in parallel.
  • the DC current limiter is installed at the DC port of the converter station of the flexible DC transmission system.
  • the main circuit is shut off, and the current passes through the current limiting circuit.
  • the IGBT tube is turned off, and the fast isolation switch UFD is turned off within 2-3 ms.
  • it further includes a DC circuit breaker, and the DC circuit breaker is connected in series with the parallel circuit.
  • the DC circuit breaker includes a main loop IGBT, and the turn-off time of the main loop IGBT is consistent with the turn-off time of the IGBT tube.
  • a DC current limiter topology structure suitable for a flexible DC transmission system includes: a current-limiting reactor, a main circuit and a current-limiting circuit;
  • the main loop and the current limiting loop are connected in parallel to form a parallel circuit
  • the current-limiting reactor is connected in series with the parallel circuit
  • the main loop includes: two pairs of IGBT tubes connected in reverse series and a fast isolating switch UFD in series with each other;
  • the current limiting circuit includes an inductor and a resistor connected in parallel;
  • the DC current limiter is installed at the DC port of the converter station of the flexible DC transmission system
  • the IGBT tube is turned off, and the fast isolating switch UFD is turned off within 2-3 ms;
  • the DC current limiter topology structure further includes a DC circuit breaker, and the DC circuit breaker is connected in series with the parallel circuit;
  • the DC circuit breaker includes a main loop IGBT, and the turn-off time of the main loop IGBT is consistent with the turn-off time of the IGBT tube.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the DC current limiter proposed in the present invention is installed at the DC port of the converter station of the DC transmission system. Under the normal operation of the system, the current limiting reactor has a low inductance value, low on-state loss and good dynamic characteristics. At the same time, in the event of a fault, it can effectively suppress the rapid increase of the fault current.
  • the current limiting circuit proposed by the present invention is formed by paralleling an inductor and a resistor, and the resistor can not only play a role of shunting, but also absorb the energy released by the inductor.
  • part of the energy released by the inductor is absorbed by the resistor, and the time for the circuit breaker to remove the fault is shortened.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit topology diagram of the DC current limiter of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a current path diagram under normal operation of the flexible DC transmission system
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of the current path when the flexible DC transmission system fails
  • Figure 4 is the topological structure diagram of the test circuit of the DC current limiter
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the test circuit.
  • the present invention provides a DC current limiter topology structure suitable for a flexible DC transmission system, including: a current-limiting reactor, a main circuit and a current-limiting circuit.
  • the main circuit and the current limiting circuit are connected in parallel to form a parallel circuit, and the current limiting reactor is connected in series with the parallel circuit.
  • the main circuit includes: two pairs of reverse-series IGBT tubes and the fast disconnect switch UFD are connected in series; the current limiting circuit includes parallel inductance and resistance; the DC current limiter is installed at the DC port of the converter station of the flexible DC transmission system, and The DC circuit breakers cooperate to suppress the fault current.
  • the DC circuit breaker includes the main circuit IGBT and the main circuit IGBT.
  • the turn-off time is consistent with the turn-off time of the IGBT tube.
  • the system When the flexible DC transmission system fails, the system has a fault detection time of 2-3ms. During this period of time, the IGBT tubes VT a , VT b , VT 1 , and VT 2 remain conductive. After the fault occurs, the current limiter and the DC circuit breaker The IGBT tube of the main circuit is disconnected, and the current flow path changes. The current flow path is transferred from the main circuit of the current limiter to the current limiting circuit, and from the main circuit of the circuit breaker to the current transfer circuit. Among them, RCD is the residual current DC switch.
  • the simulation result is shown in Figure 5.
  • the current limiter can limit the current below 9kA.
  • the current-limiting loop resistance of the current-limiter can absorb the energy released by the inductor and accelerate the energy absorption.
  • the circuit breaker can cut off the fault within 5ms.

Abstract

一种适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，包括：限流电抗器L1、主回路和限流回路；所述主回路与所述限流回路并联形成并联电路；所述限流电抗器L1与所述并联电路串联。直流限流器安装于换流站的直流端口处，在系统正常工作时，电流流过主回路；系统发生故障时，电流流通路径从主回路切换至限流回路，能有效抑制故障电流的快速增大。该限流器拓扑结构在正常工作情况下损耗较小，发生故障时能有效抑制故障电流的快速增大，同时能量耗散较快，能缩短高压直流断路器的故障切除时间。

Description

适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构 技术领域
本发明涉及输配电技术领域，具体地，涉及一种适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构。
背景技术
得益于电力电子器件产业的快速发展，基于绝缘栅双极晶体管的柔性直流输电技术克服了传统高压直流输电容易换相失败的缺陷。柔性直流输电由于其控制灵活，可向无源网络供电等优点，被广泛应用于新能源远距离传输，是构建能源互联网和智能电网的关键技术。
柔性直流输电面临直流电网故障清除难题，以基于两电平或三电平的VSC-HVDC为例。在直流侧架空线发生短路故障时，并联在直流侧的电容向故障点迅速放电，故障电流在几毫秒内可以达到额定电流的几十倍；同时，交流侧馈入的故障电流，即使采取闭锁换流器措施，交流系统的故障电流依然能够与IGBT反向并联的二极管、直流侧故障点构成回路，故障电流引起二极管过流而损坏。
直流侧短路故障抑制方法按处理区域分为三种：抑制交流侧馈入电流，控制换流器实现直流侧短路故障的自清除，采用限流器和直流断路器切除故障。前两种方法能够有效抑制交流侧馈入的故障电流，但不能阻止直流侧并联电容向故障点放电，第三种方法虽然能抑制并联电容带来的冲击电流，但由于受到开断容量以及关断时间的限制，高压直流断路器在实际工程中的应用案例并不多见。
在目前的研究中，专利文献CN108123427A公开了一种电感型双向直流限流器拓扑结构。该装置安装于直流输电系统的换流站的直流端口处，由流通支路、并联的二极管串、转移电路和限流电感支路四部分组成。在系统发生故障时，故障电流转移到带大电感的限流支路，但该专利并未考虑故障电流的检测时间，在未确定故障电流之前，电流从通流支路流过，会产生很大的故障电流。
专利文献CN104184135B提供了一种HVDC直流限流器拓扑结构，直流限流器包括并联的IGBT串，在IGBT串的中间位置连接反向并联的电抗器二极管组，形成桥 式结构；桥式结构与旁路开关并联。该限流器在系统正常工作时旁路，在系统故障时投入运行，通过在两种电流流通路径间按照一定频率不断切换，限制直流电流上升。但是，该直流系统会存在换相失败的风险。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构。
根据本发明提供的一种适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，包括：限流电抗器、主回路和限流回路；
所述主回路与所述限流回路并联形成并联电路；
所述限流电抗器与所述并联电路串联。
优选地，所述主回路包括：两对反向串联的IGBT管与快速隔离开关UFD相互串联。
优选地，所述限流回路包括并联的电感和电阻。
优选地，所述直流限流器安装于柔性直流输电系统的换流站的直流端口处。
优选地，所述柔性直流输电系统正常运行时，电流经过所述主回路。
优选地，所述柔性直流输电系统故障时，所述主回路关断，电流经过所述限流回路。
优选地，所述柔性直流输电系统故障时，所述IGBT管关断，所述快速隔离开关UFD在2-3ms时间内断开。
优选地，还包括直流断路器，所述直流断路器与所述并联电路串联。
优选地，所述直流断路器包括主回路IGBT，所述主回路IGBT的关断时间与所述IGBT管的关断时间一致。
根据本发明提供的一种适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，包括：限流电抗器、主回路和限流回路；
所述主回路与所述限流回路并联形成并联电路；
所述限流电抗器与所述并联电路串联；
所述主回路包括：两对反向串联的IGBT管与快速隔离开关UFD相互串联；
所述限流回路包括并联的电感和电阻；
所述直流限流器安装于柔性直流输电系统的换流站的直流端口处；
所述柔性直流输电系统正常运行时，电流经过所述主回路；
所述柔性直流输电系统故障时，所述主回路关断，电流经过所述限流回路；
所述柔性直流输电系统故障时，所述IGBT管关断，所述快速隔离开关UFD在2-3ms时间内断开；
所述直流限流器拓扑结构还包括直流断路器，所述直流断路器与所述并联电路串联；
所述直流断路器包括主回路IGBT，所述主回路IGBT的关断时间与所述IGBT管的关断时间一致。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1、本发明提出的直流限流器安装于直流输电系统换流站的直流端口处，在系统正常运行情况下，限流电抗器的电感值较低，通态损耗较小，动态特性较好，同时故障情况下，能有效抑制故障电流的快速增大。
2、本发明提出的限流回路由电感和电阻并联而成，电阻既可以起到分流的作用，又可以吸收电感释放的能量。
3、本发明提出的限流回路中，电感释放的能量有一部分被电阻吸收，断路器切除故障的时间缩短。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本发明直流限流器的电路拓扑结构图；
图2为柔性直流输电系统正常运行下的电流路径图；
图3为柔性直流输电系统故障时的电流路径图；
图4为直流限流器的测试电路拓扑结构图；
图5为测试电路的仿真结果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示，本发明提供的一种适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，包括：限流电抗器、主回路和限流回路。主回路与限流回路并联形成并联电路，限流电抗器与并联电路串联。
主回路包括：两对反向串联的IGBT管与快速隔离开关UFD相互串联；限流回路包括并联的电感和电阻；直流限流器安装于柔性直流输电系统的换流站的直流端口处，与直流断路器协同配合抑制故障电流。
如图2所示，柔性直流输电系统正常运行时，电流经过主回路。
如图3所示，柔性直流输电系统故障时，柔性直流输电系统故障时，IGBT管关断，快速隔离开关UFD在2-3ms时间内断开，直流断路器包括主回路IGBT，主回路IGBT的关断时间与IGBT管的关断时间一致。
柔性直流输电系统故障时，系统有2-3ms的故障检测时间，该时间段内IGBT管VT a、VT b、VT 1、VT 2保持导通，确定故障发生后，限流器与直流断路器主回路的IGBT管断开，电流流通路径发生变化，电流流经路径从限流器的主回路转移至限流回路，从断路器的主回路转移至电流转移回路，其中，RCD是剩余电流直流开关。在2-3ms内断开限流器与断路器主回路的快速隔离开关UFD，同时断路器电流转移回路的IGBT管VT 3-VT n断开，电流从断路器转移回路移至金属氧化物MOA。
进一步地，在PSCAD搭建如图4所示的仿真模型进行验证，参数如表1所示。
表1仿真模型
Figure PCTCN2019094781-appb-000001
仿真结果如图5所示，限流电抗器电感值虽小，但限流器能将电流限制在9kA以下，同时由于限流器限流回路电阻可以吸收电感释放的能量，加快能量的吸收，断路器能够 在5ms内切除故障。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，包括：限流电抗器、主回路和限流回路；
    所述主回路与所述限流回路并联形成并联电路；
    所述限流电抗器与所述并联电路串联。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，所述主回路包括：两对反向串联的IGBT管与快速隔离开关UFD相互串联。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，所述限流回路包括并联的电感和电阻。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，所述直流限流器安装于柔性直流输电系统的换流站的直流端口处。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，所述柔性直流输电系统正常运行时，电流经过所述主回路。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，所述柔性直流输电系统故障时，所述主回路关断，电流经过所述限流回路。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，所述柔性直流输电系统故障时，所述IGBT管关断，所述快速隔离开关UFD在2-3ms时间内断开。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，还包括直流断路器，所述直流断路器与所述并联电路串联。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，所述直流断路器包括主回路IGBT，所述主回路IGBT的关断时间与所述IGBT管的关断时间一致。
  10. 一种适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构，其特征在于，包括：限流电抗器、主回路和限流回路；
    所述主回路与所述限流回路并联形成并联电路；
    所述限流电抗器与所述并联电路串联；
    所述主回路包括：两对反向串联的IGBT管与快速隔离开关UFD相互串联；
    所述限流回路包括并联的电感和电阻；
    所述直流限流器安装于柔性直流输电系统的换流站的直流端口处；
    所述柔性直流输电系统正常运行时，电流经过所述主回路；
    所述柔性直流输电系统故障时，所述主回路关断，电流经过所述限流回路；
    所述柔性直流输电系统故障时，所述IGBT管关断，所述快速隔离开关UFD在2-3ms时间内断开；
    所述直流限流器拓扑结构还包括直流断路器，所述直流断路器与所述并联电路串联；
    所述直流断路器包括主回路IGBT，所述主回路IGBT的关断时间与所述IGBT管的关断时间一致。
PCT/CN2019/094781 2019-06-04 2019-07-05 适用于柔性直流输电系统的直流限流器拓扑结构 WO2020244015A1 (zh)

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