WO2020239149A1 - Procédé de production d'une pièce constituée d'un matériau composite renforcé par des fibres, céramique, comportant une surface de glissement ou de frottement modifiée - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'une pièce constituée d'un matériau composite renforcé par des fibres, céramique, comportant une surface de glissement ou de frottement modifiée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020239149A1
WO2020239149A1 PCT/DE2020/000095 DE2020000095W WO2020239149A1 WO 2020239149 A1 WO2020239149 A1 WO 2020239149A1 DE 2020000095 W DE2020000095 W DE 2020000095W WO 2020239149 A1 WO2020239149 A1 WO 2020239149A1
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Prior art keywords
matrix
component
solid lubricant
lubricant particles
ceramic
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PCT/DE2020/000095
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Beate SCHLEIF
Benedikt Albert
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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Publication of WO2020239149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020239149A1/fr

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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
    • C04B35/571—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained from Si-containing polymer precursors or organosilicon monomers
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    • C04B35/573—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained by reaction sintering or recrystallisation
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    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • C04B2235/3852—Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride
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    • F16C2208/02—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers comprising fillers, fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a component made of a ceramic fiber composite material and a method for producing the same, wherein in the fiber composite material fibers made of ceramic and / or carbon are embedded in a matrix made of ceramic and / or carbon.
  • Fiber composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and ceramic fiber composite materials, which are also referred to as Ceramic Matrix Composites CMC, are used in many areas of technology due to their excellent mechanical properties.
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
  • CMC Ceramic Matrix Composites
  • Ceramic fiber composite materials which should also include those made of carbon in addition to ceramic materials for forming the matrix and / or fibers, are used, among other things, in high-temperature applications in aircraft or aircraft engine construction due to their good high temperature and corrosion resistance. Processes for the efficient production of ceramic fiber composite materials which are as dense as possible and which can be used in gas turbines or aircraft engines are described, for example, in European patent EP 1 999 288 B1 and US patent application US 2018/0187560 A1.
  • carbon fiber-reinforced plastics are also used, in which carbon fibers are embedded in a matrix made of a polymer or synthetic resin.
  • components made of fiber composite materials often have to be provided with protective layers if the fiber composite materials are subject to high wear in the event of mechanical contact with other components or if they would cause this in adjacent components.
  • protective layers such as on rotor blades, in particular on rotor blade shrouds or rotor blade-disk contact surfaces, or on the housing surrounding the flow channel or other components that bear against each other.
  • Protective layers can, however, flake off in the event of cyclical thermal stress or thermal shock stress, so that the protective effect is lost and the flaked particles can also cause damage to the corresponding machines or engines.
  • the functionality of the components made from them must be ensured over a wide temperature range. In addition, excessive wear must be avoided, which would severely limit the service life of the relevant components.
  • a fiber composite material should be able to be produced efficiently and have a long service life.
  • the invention proposes to improve the tribological properties of a fiber composite material, directly during the production of the fiber composite material in the matrix of ceramic and / or carbon and / or a polymer, in which the fibers of the fiber composite material are embedded, additionally at least in corresponding surface edge areas of the to be produced
  • Components that can come into mechanical contact e.g. friction or sliding contact, with contact partners, such as friction or sliding partners, incorporate solid lubricant particles so that the solid lubricant is present on the corresponding contact surfaces of a component formed from the modified fiber composite material and provides lubrication can.
  • the direct incorporation of the solid lubricant particles into the structure with the matrix and the fibers ensures a secure and solid arrangement of the solid lubricant particles and thus a reliable and permanent supply of the solid lubricant to the contact surfaces of the correspondingly manufactured component.
  • the production is simplified compared to the prior art, since no additional production steps have to be carried out to apply an additional protective layer or to prepare an edge area of the component for the introduction of the solid lubricant particles.
  • a corresponding component is preferably uncoated in the area of the contact surface, so it does not have to have a separately and / or subsequently formed, applied or deposited layer in this area. As a result, there is no need for an accompanying layer transition or interface and / or an abrupt transition in the chemical composition.
  • the solid lubricant particles are introduced before and / or simultaneously with the arrangement of the matrix material in a fiber structure, e.g. by infiltration, the fibers provided for reinforcing the fiber composite material with the fiber structure.
  • a corresponding fiber structure can be provided, for example, as a fiber fabric, fiber braid, fiber knitted fabric or the like.
  • the solid lubricant particles can be incorporated in the fiber structure limited to the surface edge areas in which mechanical contact, e.g. in the form of frictional or sliding contact is to be expected. Correspondingly, a locally limited formation of surface edge regions with the solid lubricant particles can be realized.
  • the solid lubricant particles can be provided in the corresponding surface edge areas in different concentrations, i.e. with different volume proportions, so that concentration gradients, in particular with continuous, in particular monotonous or strictly monotonous, decreasing or increasing concentration, along the surface of the component and / or vertical to the surface of the component can be formed.
  • concentration gradients in particular with continuous, in particular monotonous or strictly monotonous, decreasing or increasing concentration, along the surface of the component and / or vertical to the surface of the component can be formed.
  • the volume fraction of the solid lubricant particles in the structure in the surface edge areas can increase from an inner area to the surface.
  • the formation of the matrix can be realized by different methods.
  • the introduction of the solid lubricant particles into the corresponding surface edge areas can be adapted to the selected method for forming the matrix around the fibers or in the cavities and openings of the fiber structure.
  • it is possible to deposit the matrix from the gas phase for example by chemical vapor phase deposition or chemical gas phase infiltration, in which case the solid lubricant particles can already be arranged in the fiber structure, for example made of a fiber structure made of fibers bonded with resin.
  • Polymers for subsequent pyrolysis for example silicon-containing polymers, can also be provided in the fiber structure, with the solid lubricant particles additionally being arranged in the surface edge areas in which the material is to be modified according to the invention.
  • the solid lubricant particles can already be provided in the fiber structure, with additional components for chemical reaction with the infiltrated substance to form the matrix.
  • the matrix in particular a ceramic matrix
  • electrophoresis or sintering processes in which the solid lubricant particles can also already be provided in the fiber structure in order to be embedded in the forming matrix.
  • the solid lubricant particles By embedding the solid lubricant particles in the structure of a matrix made of ceramic and / or carbon and / or an organic matrix, in particular a polymer, and fibers made of ceramic and / or carbon, the solid lubricant particles are firmly embedded in the surface of the component, where e.g. uneven, three-dimensional interfaces between the solid lubricant particles and the grains of the matrix and / or the fibers, in particular with protrusions and depressions or undercuts, and the dispersion in the matrix cause the solid lubricant particles to be firmly integrated in the structure.
  • the solid lubricant particles introduced can be of different types and are only intended to provide the lubricant appropriate for the intended tribological properties.
  • boron nitride especially amorphous boron nitride or hexagonal Boron nitride
  • metal oxides such as molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide
  • chalcogens or graphite can be used for this.
  • Figure 1 is a representation of a component according to the invention, which with two other
  • Components are in mechanical contact
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a surface edge region of a component according to the invention modified according to the invention, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows a representation of a fiber structure as a starting material for the production of a component according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows an illustration of the fiber structure from FIG. 3 after surface areas have been filled with solid lubricant particles to form a component according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a representation of the finished component made from a fiber composite material which has modified surface edge regions.
  • FIG. 1 shows part of a component 1 according to the invention which is formed from a ceramic fiber composite material and is in frictional or sliding contact with two further friction or sliding partners 2 and 3. Accordingly, the component 1 has a first contact surface 4, which is in contact with the first friction or sliding partner 2, and a second contact surface 5 which is in contact with the second friction or sliding partner 3. Adjacent to the contact surfaces 4, 5, surface edge areas 6 and 7 are formed in the component 1, which consist of a material that is modified compared to the remaining areas of the component 1.
  • the ceramic fiber composite material is modified in such a way that solid lubricant particles are embedded in the structure consisting of the ceramic particles forming the matrix and the fibers, which are present in the area of the contact surfaces 4, 5 on the surface of the component 1 and there Contribute to an improvement in the tribological behavior, that is to say the friction or sliding behavior between the friction or sliding partners 2 and 3 and the component 1 on the contact surfaces 4 and 5 of the component 1.
  • the solid lubricant particles can be hexagonal boron nitride, which provides lubrication on the contact surfaces 4 and 5 and thus improves the sliding behavior of the contact surfaces 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a surface edge region 6, 7 of the component 1, the fibers 8 on the one hand and the ceramic grains 9 of the ceramic fiber composite material on the other being visible in the sectional view.
  • Solid lubricant particles 10 are embedded in the structure of the ceramic matrix 9 and the fibers 8, so that when the component 1 comes into contact with a sliding or friction partner 2, 3 on the contact surface 4, 5, the solid lubricant particles 10 on the surface get the solid lubricant into the gap between the contact surface 4, 5 of the component 1 and the friction or sliding partner 2, 3.
  • the tribological behavior or the contact behavior of a correspondingly modified component 1 can be improved.
  • Figures 3 to 5 show different stages in an embodiment of the production of a fiber composite material with modified surface edge areas according to the invention.
  • a fiber structure 11 is provided, as shown in FIG. 3, which comprises the fibers which are intended to provide the fiber reinforcement in the fiber composite material to be formed.
  • the fiber structure 11 can be provided by a fabric or some other fiber arrangement, such as a braid or knitted fabric, in which the fibers are preferably glued to one another via a resin, the fiber structure not being a dense structure, but a multitude of cavities and pores includes, in which subsequently the ceramic matrix is formed becomes.
  • the fibers themselves can also be made of ceramic, carbon for the present description of the invention falling under the term of ceramic.
  • the fiber structure can consist of a large number of carbon fibers and / or ceramic fibers, such as SiC fibers, for example, around which a matrix of ceramic and / or carbon and / or a polymer is formed.
  • solid lubricant particles are filled into the surface edge regions 12 and 13 of the fiber structure 1 1, which are adjacent to the contact surfaces 14 and 15, so that during the subsequent production of the matrix these not only the fibers of the fiber structure 1 1, but also the solid lubricant particles present in the surface edge regions 12 and 13.
  • solid lubricant particles which are only provided in the surface edge areas 12, 13, further substances, such as ceramic particles, can be arranged in the fiber structure 11 in the entire fiber structure in order to form the ceramic matrix from the ceramic particles, for example by means of a sintering process the surface edge regions 12 and 13 additionally provided solid lubricant particles are embedded in the ceramic matrix.
  • starting materials for the subsequent formation of the matrix in the fiber structure 11 in order, for example, to form the matrix again by a subsequent pyrolysis or chemical reaction with a molten or gaseous infiltrated substance.
  • the solid lubricant particles provided in the surface edge regions 12 and 13 are embedded in the corresponding matrix.
  • FIG. 5 shows a correspondingly finished component made of a ceramic fiber composite material 18 which has surface edge regions 16 and 17 in the ceramic matrix and / or has solid lubricant particles embedded in the fibers, which improve the sliding behavior and / or significantly reduce wear in the contact surfaces 14 and 15.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une pièce constituée d'un matériau composite renforcé par fibres ainsi qu'un procédé de production de cette dernière, dans le matériau composite renforcé par fibres, des fibres (8) constituées de céramique et/ou de carbone étant incorporées dans une matrice (9) constituée de céramique et/ou de carbone et/ou d'un polymère, et la pièce présentant une surface dont au moins une partie est conçue en tant que surface de contact pour le contact mécanique avec un partenaire de contact, et des particules de lubrifiant solide (10) étant stockées dans la matrice (9) dans au moins une zone de bord de surface de la pièce de façon adjacente à la surface de contact, les particules de lubrifiant solide (10) étant imbriquées ou dispersées avec la matrice et/ou les fibres dans la structure.
PCT/DE2020/000095 2019-05-24 2020-05-18 Procédé de production d'une pièce constituée d'un matériau composite renforcé par des fibres, céramique, comportant une surface de glissement ou de frottement modifiée WO2020239149A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102019207621.1A DE102019207621A1 (de) 2019-05-24 2019-05-24 Verfahren zur herstellung eines bauteils aus einem keramischen faserverbundwerkstoff mit modifizierter gleit-oder reibfläche
DE102019207621.1 2019-05-24

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WO2020239149A1 true WO2020239149A1 (fr) 2020-12-03

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0985647A2 (fr) * 1998-09-08 2000-03-15 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Elément de frein
US6210786B1 (en) * 1998-10-14 2001-04-03 Northrop Grumman Corporation Ceramic composite materials having tailored physical properties
US20050276961A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-12-15 Sherwood Walter J Materials and methods for making ceramic matrix composites
DE102009032961A1 (de) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Wälzlagerkäfig
EP2535182A1 (fr) 2011-06-16 2012-12-19 General Electric Company Procédé pour la fabrication dýune surface composite
US9238595B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2016-01-19 Herakles Method for smoothing the surface of a part made from a CMC material
EP1999288B1 (fr) 2006-03-20 2016-09-14 Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc. Procede pour fabriquer une structure composite contenant une ceramique
US20180187560A1 (en) 2015-02-11 2018-07-05 Rolls-Royce High Temperature Composites, Inc. Modified atmosphere melt infiltration

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3601569A1 (de) * 1986-01-21 1987-07-23 Kolbenschmidt Ag Verbund-gleitlagerwerkstoff
US20120251020A1 (en) * 2011-04-04 2012-10-04 Swei Gwo S Self-Lubricating Structure and Method of Manufacturing the Same

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0985647A2 (fr) * 1998-09-08 2000-03-15 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Elément de frein
US6210786B1 (en) * 1998-10-14 2001-04-03 Northrop Grumman Corporation Ceramic composite materials having tailored physical properties
US20050276961A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-12-15 Sherwood Walter J Materials and methods for making ceramic matrix composites
EP1999288B1 (fr) 2006-03-20 2016-09-14 Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc. Procede pour fabriquer une structure composite contenant une ceramique
US9238595B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2016-01-19 Herakles Method for smoothing the surface of a part made from a CMC material
DE102009032961A1 (de) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Wälzlagerkäfig
EP2535182A1 (fr) 2011-06-16 2012-12-19 General Electric Company Procédé pour la fabrication dýune surface composite
US20180187560A1 (en) 2015-02-11 2018-07-05 Rolls-Royce High Temperature Composites, Inc. Modified atmosphere melt infiltration

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