WO2020238163A1 - 一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238163A1
WO2020238163A1 PCT/CN2019/125590 CN2019125590W WO2020238163A1 WO 2020238163 A1 WO2020238163 A1 WO 2020238163A1 CN 2019125590 W CN2019125590 W CN 2019125590W WO 2020238163 A1 WO2020238163 A1 WO 2020238163A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
sludge
electric desalination
crude oil
straight pipe
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PCT/CN2019/125590
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苟泽浩
季德伟
陶雪
王凯
张达峰
孙赟硕
齐杰
崔建伟
连喜增
孙小明
Original Assignee
青岛贝索科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201920810731.0U external-priority patent/CN210125603U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910468599.4A external-priority patent/CN110216110B/zh
Application filed by 青岛贝索科技有限公司 filed Critical 青岛贝索科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020238163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238163A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G32/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
    • C10G32/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by electric or magnetic means

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical ultrasonic application, and specifically relates to a method and device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank by ultrasonic waves.
  • Electrical desalination is the first pretreatment process for crude oil from the oil field to the refinery.
  • the electrical desalination process requires water injection to remove water-soluble inorganic salts contained in the crude oil, mainly to remove NaCl salts.
  • the crude oil mixed with water injection in addition to the water and water-soluble inorganic salts, is prone to deposit a large amount of non-water-soluble semi-solid sludge at the bottom of the electric desalination tank. Water is required for maintenance. Replacing oil-steam steaming tank-air replacement-manual cleaning-sludge outsourcing and other sludge treatment processes.
  • the oil layer and water layer are separated in the electrical desalination tank.
  • the siltation is deposited in the lower part of the water layer at the bottom of the electric desalination tank, and the more and more it accumulates, the insoluble sludge deposits on the bottom of the electric desalination tank, gradually reducing the volume of the electric desalination tank, affecting the normal operation of the electric desalting tank, and also affecting the desalination effect.
  • the continuous backwashing operation is not effective in eliminating sludge sludge, and it also causes the electric desalination drain in the electric desalination process to carry oil and produce a large amount of sludge oil that cannot be processed and refined.
  • the electric desalination production process requires 2-3 levels of electric desalination, and at least 2-3 electric desalination tanks are required.
  • the 7 million tons/year crude oil processing capacity of a certain plant is a 4-year long-term production of 3 electric desalination tanks.
  • an electric desalination tank needs about 10 days for each dredging operation, and it needs to be dredged once every year. Every time a tank removes sludge on average about 150t, and every electric desalination tank every time
  • the cost of dredging is about ⁇ 300,000, and the processing cost is about ⁇ 30000/t for every 1t of oil sludge outsourcing.
  • the 4-year long-cycle production process requires a total of 120 days for dredging, and 1800t of oil sludge is removed, which requires cleaning.
  • the electrical desalination tank dredging is an abnormal shutdown, and it is an option that can't be helped. If the electric desalination tank is siltated for about 1 year, if the continuous production of electric desalination is maintained, the backwash water will carry a large amount of sludge and cause a large amount of recycled sludge; the electric desalination tank will be siltated for about 1 year, if the continuous production of electric desalination is maintained Electric desalination production is becoming more and more abnormal, and the oil content of electric desalination drainage will also rise sharply, which will also lead to the recovery of a large amount of dirty oil in the sewage treatment plant; the 7 million tons/year crude oil processing capacity of a certain plant will be 3 electricity Take the 4-year long-cycle production of desalination tanks as an example. 42,000 tons of heavy sludge oil produced in 4 years cannot be processed, and heavy sludge oil with high water content is also difficult to re-process
  • the abnormal operation of electric desalination caused the increase in the salty water content of the crude oil after the electric desalination, the increase in the electric desalination tank current and the increase in power consumption, resulting in increased energy consumption in the post-processing of crude oil, serious scale formation, equipment corrosion, increased catalyst consumption, etc., and sludge in the electric desalination tank
  • the problem is that the refinery causes potential economic losses.
  • the electric desalination tank is designed to use backwashing to slow down the deposition of sludge in the electric desalination tank.
  • This conventional operation the daily backwashing operation increases the workload of the operator and increases the operating cost; frequent backwashing causes Backwashing drainage carries a large amount of sludge, which increases the amount of heavy sludge oil and processing costs; frequent backwashing causes backwashing drainage to carry a large amount of sludge, which increases the cost of sewage treatment; with the accumulation of sludge, the frequency or cumbersome of backwashing
  • the backwashing operation of the electric desalination tank cannot meet the long-term production requirements of 3-4 years 1 overhaul of the electric desalination tank, and cannot solve the current production problem of sludge sludge in the electric desalination tank.
  • the existing conventional electric desalination tank backwash technology to solve the sludge sludge in the electric desalination tank cannot solve the problem of the sludge in the electric desalination tank produced by a 3-4 year long-period oil refinery.
  • an electric desalination tank manufacturer adopts a technical improvement plan of laying PTFE plates on the bottom of the electric desalination tank of a refinery and adding backwash nozzles.
  • the smooth surface of the fluorine plate makes the sludge difficult to deposit on the bottom of the electric desalination pipe.
  • the number of backwashing nozzles is increased to strengthen the strength of the backwashing effect.
  • the problem with this device is that it is not effective in improving the production problem of sludge sludge in the electric desalination tank.
  • the maintenance cycle for removing oil sludge once a year cannot be extended.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an ultrasonic method and device for preventing sludge sludge in an electric desalination tank.
  • the method and device are used to solve the production technical problem of sludge sludge in an electric desalination tank and realize the 3-
  • the continuous production of the electric desalination tank during the 4-year long-cycle production process avoids the abnormal shutdown of the electric desalination tank for the removal of sludge and sludge maintenance once a year, reduces the number of backwashing of the electric desalination tank, and simplifies the operation of the electric desalination. , Improve the effect of electric desalination.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic acting device.
  • the ultrasonic acting area structure in the ultrasonic acting device forms a parallel ultrasonic wave and the pipe reflected ultrasonic wave.
  • Ultrasonic superposition realizes the standing wave field effect.
  • the mixed crude oil is ultrasonically treated by the standing wave field formed and the effect of no dead angle coverage and infinite extension of the ultrasonic propagation. After the treatment, it enters the electric desalination tank for electric desalination.
  • the sound intensity of the ultrasonic wave is 0.03-10w/cm 2
  • the frequency is 10kHz-200kHz.
  • an ultrasonic acting device is installed on the pipeline after the static mixer and mixing valve before the crude oil enters the desalination tank.
  • the ultrasonic acting device includes an ultrasonic acting area and an ultrasonic transducer
  • the ultrasonic effect area has a dumbbell-shaped pipe structure with a small middle and two ends. The two ends of the effect area are equipped with opposite ultrasonic transducers.
  • the ultrasonic transducers generate ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction.
  • the structure of the active area forms a uniform ultrasonic wave with a mixed action mode of the ultrasonic wave reflected by the non-uniform pipe, which realizes the standing wave field effect of the superposition of the ultrasonic wave, and realizes the effect of no dead angle coverage and infinite extension of the ultrasonic wave propagation.
  • the ultrasonic action device includes an ultrasonic action area and an ultrasonic transducer.
  • the ultrasonic action area is a dumbbell-shaped pipe structure with a small middle and two large ends.
  • the two ends of the pipe structure are equipped with the same ultrasonic transducer, and the two ultrasonic transducers are emitted.
  • the surface is a circular plane, the circular planes are concentric, parallel to each other, and opposite to each other.
  • the emission surface is perpendicular to the center line of the pipe structure; the two ultrasonic transducers produce uniform frequencies with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction.
  • the parallel opposite beam ultrasonic waves are prone to generate a standing wave field.
  • the non-uniform pipeline reflected ultrasonic waves generated by the two ultrasonic transducers are reflected by the pipe wall of the pipeline structure.
  • the pipeline reflected ultrasonic waves extend infinitely along the fluid area.
  • the mixed action mode of parallel opposed ultrasonic waves and pipe reflected ultrasonic waves are reflected by the pipe wall of the pipeline structure.
  • dumbbell-shaped pipe-type structure with a small middle and a large end and the ultrasonic transducers installed at both ends have a two-sided symmetrical structure with the vertical line perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe as the symmetry axis.
  • the dumbbell-shaped pipe structure with a small middle and a large end includes a large-diameter straight pipe section at both ends and a small-diameter straight pipe section in the middle.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe section and the small-diameter straight pipe section are connected by transitional inclined pipes.
  • the transitional inclined pipes are processed by concentric reducing heads.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe sections at both ends are respectively provided with a material inlet and a material outlet.
  • the pipe in the ultrasonic action zone takes the vertical line perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe as the symmetry axis, and the pipe in the ultrasonic action zone takes the symmetry axis as the symmetry structure.
  • Opposing ultrasonic transducers are installed at both ends of the ultrasonic action zone.
  • the emitting surface of the ultrasonic transducer is an opposing horn-shaped circular plane, and the ultrasonic waves emitted from the circular plane are parallel-propagating ultrasonic waves.
  • the opposite ultrasonic transducer generates ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite direction of propagation. It refers to the two ultrasonic generators connected to the two opposite ultrasonic transducers collecting the same frequency and performing power amplification. Ultrasound.
  • the circular surface diameters of the emitting surfaces of the two ultrasonic transducers are equal, and the circular surface diameter is larger than the diameter of the small-diameter straight pipe section in the middle.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is equipped with a coolant jacket and a display control circuit.
  • the coolant jacket is equipped with a coolant.
  • the cooling method of the coolant is one of the circulating water cooling method or the radiating non-circulating cooling method; display control
  • the circuit is connected to the ultrasonic generator for communication, the ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic transducer, and the ultrasonic generator is placed in an explosion-proof cabinet.
  • the ultrasonic generator placed in the explosion-proof cabinet is connected with the control unit.
  • the control mode of the control unit is DCS centralized control, PLC communication control or on-site manual control.
  • the diameter of the circular surface of the opposite radiation emitting surface is equal, and the diameter of the circular surface is larger than the diameter of the small diameter straight pipe section in the middle of the ultrasonic action zone.
  • the opposite beam is emitted through the partial circular emitting surface of the small diameter straight pipe section of the ultrasonic action zone, The formation of uniform parallel ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction and the opposite propagation direction.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe section and the small-diameter straight pipe section in the ultrasonic action area are connected by concentric reducing heads.
  • the ultrasonic reflected by the inclined surface of the concentric reducing heads is reflected by the pipe and then repeatedly changes the propagation direction to form and parallel radiation.
  • Interlaced pipes with inconsistent ultrasonic propagation directions reflect ultrasonic waves.
  • the action mode of the ultrasonic action zone is an ultrasonic action mode in which uniform parallel opposed ultrasonic waves and non-uniform pipe reflected ultrasonic waves are mixed.
  • the ultrasonic waves propagating parallel to each other emitted by the emitting surface of the horn-shaped circular plane, as the composition of the material medium changes, the sound velocity of the propagating ultrasonic waves will change, and the wavelength of the ultrasonic waves will change.
  • the superposition of the emitted wave and the reflected wave, the emitted wave and the opposite wave can produce a standing wave, the superimposed ultrasonic wave has the largest energy and the largest amplitude, and the potential energy and kinetic energy are converted between the peak and the node , Ultrasonic energy does not spread, energy consumption is minimized, and the effect is maximized.
  • the distance between the emitting surface of the opposite horn-shaped circular plane is L
  • L is a fixed value
  • u is the propagation sound velocity of the ultrasonic wave composed of a certain material at a time
  • the frequency f of the ultrasonic wave is a fixed value
  • the ultrasonic wave propagating in parallel and opposite radiation emitted by the emitting surface of the horn-shaped circular plane.
  • the sound velocity of the transmitted ultrasonic wave will change, and the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave will change accordingly.
  • the emitted wave, the reflected wave, the incident wave, and the reflected wave of the incident wave will be superimposed to produce a standing wave.
  • the small diameter straight pipe section and the large diameter straight pipe section are reduced by adopting concentric reducing heads.
  • the pipeline reflects ultrasonic waves through the small-diameter straight pipe section, along the material inlet and outlet pipes.
  • the fluid area has no dead angle coverage; when the included angle is greater than 45°, the reflected ultrasonic wave of the pipeline propagates in a closed loop in the large-diameter straight pipe section, extending infinitely along the material inlet and material outlet pipes, and the fluid area has no dead angle coverage; when the angle is equal to 45°, The ultrasonic waves reflected by the inclined plane only propagate in a closed loop in the large-diameter straight pipe section, and the effect area forms a double standing wave phenomenon.
  • the angle between the inclined plane of the inclined pipe section and the straight pipe section is equal to 45°.
  • the ultrasonic action zone only produces the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction
  • the uniform ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic wave reflected by the inclined plane only propagates in the closed loop of the large diameter straight pipe section.
  • the ultrasonic action zone can produce the opposite ultrasonic waves emitted by the circular emitting surface, and the opposite ultrasonic waves form Uniform ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction also produce uniform ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction reflected by the inclined plane.
  • the ultrasonic action zone is at different times It can generate two ultrasonic standing wave fields with different wave path differences, increase the probability of standing wave ultrasonic field generation, and improve the effect of ultrasonic action.
  • This ultrasonic action zone is especially suitable for the occasions where the ultrasonic anti-electric desalination tank sludge is deposited.
  • the diameter of the circular surface of the transmitting surface of the opposite beam is greater than that in the middle of the ultrasonic field
  • the diameter of the small-diameter pipe section, the ultrasonic action area The circular emitting surface of the small-diameter pipe section area emits the opposite ultrasonic waves to form uniform ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction.
  • the size of the ultrasonic action area is reduced in diameter
  • the oblique surface reflected, partial, and opposite ultrasonic waves are reflected by the pipe and then repeatedly change the propagation direction to form an interlaced and non-uniform ultrasonic wave that is inconsistent with the uniform ultrasonic wave propagation direction.
  • the ultrasonic action area forms a uniform ultrasonic and non-uniform ultrasonic mixture.
  • Ultrasonic action mode, the action mode of the ultrasonic is intertwined with each other to prevent the focus of the ultrasonic and improve the effect of the ultrasonic action.
  • This ultrasonic action area can be used in the occasion of the ultrasonic anti-electric desalination tank sludge siltation, which can reach a long period of 3-4 years
  • the electric desalination tank produced does not perform abnormal shutdown for the purpose of cleaning the sludge at the bottom of the tank.
  • the ultrasonic action zone is reflected, partially, and oppositely.
  • the transmitted ultrasonic wave changes its propagation direction repeatedly, and finally enters the material inlet and the material outlet, passes through the inlet and outlet material pipelines, and extends infinitely in the direction of the inlet and outlet pipelines until the ultrasonic attenuation disappears.
  • the absorption and attenuation of ultrasonic waves is less. This method can achieve the effect of extending the range of ultrasonic waves to infinity.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe section is made by three-way processing, the small-diameter straight pipe section is made by straight pipe processing, and the transitional inclined pipe is made by concentric reducing heads or thick-walled pipe fittings. to make.
  • the sound intensity of the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic transducer is 0.03-10w/cm 2 , and the optimal sound intensity is 0.05-0.50w/cm 2 .
  • the frequency of the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic transducer is 10kHz-200kHz, and the optimal frequency is 15-100kHz.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is one of piezoelectric ceramic type or magnetostrictive type.
  • Ultrasonic action area is a single action, series, parallel or series-parallel action mode.
  • the ultrasonic action zone is one of gap action or continuous action.
  • the form of the ultrasonic action zone is a pipeline structure.
  • Ultrasonic transducers are arranged at both ends of the ultrasonic action zone, and the ultrasonic transducers convert electrical energy into ultrasonic mechanical energy.
  • the ultrasonic effect area is provided with ultrasonic transducers with symmetrical ends.
  • the ultrasonic transducer and the ultrasonic action area need to be selected and matched, and the matching condition meets the condition requirements of ultrasonic sound intensity.
  • the ultrasonic action area can be a single action, the ultrasonic action area can be connected in series, the ultrasonic action area can also be connected in parallel, and the ultrasonic action area can also be connected in series and parallel.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic transducer, and the ultrasonic generator is placed in an explosion-proof cabinet, which is suitable for installation on the petrochemical production site.
  • the device for preventing sludge in an electric desalination tank with ultrasonic waves of the present invention includes a crude oil input pipeline, a crude oil mixing device is arranged on the crude oil input pipeline, the crude oil mixing device is connected to the ultrasonic acting device through the pipeline, and the ultrasonic acting device is connected to the electric desalination through the pipeline
  • the tank is connected, and the upper discharge port of the electric desalination tank is connected with the crude oil output pipeline.
  • the crude oil mixing device is composed of a static mixer and a mixing valve in series.
  • the ultrasonic action device includes an ultrasonic action area and an ultrasonic transducer.
  • the ultrasonic action area is a dumbbell-shaped pipe structure with a small middle and two large ends.
  • the two ends of the pipe structure are equipped with the same ultrasonic transducer, and the two ultrasonic transducers are emitted.
  • the surface is a circular plane, the circular planes are concentric, parallel to each other, and opposite to each other.
  • the emission surface is perpendicular to the center line of the pipe structure; the two ultrasonic transducers produce uniform frequencies with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction.
  • the parallel opposite beam ultrasonic waves are prone to generate a standing wave field.
  • the non-uniform pipeline reflected ultrasonic waves generated by the two ultrasonic transducers are reflected by the pipe wall of the pipeline structure.
  • the pipeline reflected ultrasonic waves extend infinitely along the fluid area.
  • the mixed action mode of parallel opposed ultrasonic waves and pipe reflected ultrasonic waves are reflected by the pipe wall of the pipeline structure.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic action device for ultrasonic treatment. After the treatment is completed, it enters the ultrasonic electric desalination tank for electric desalination, and is output by the crude oil output pipeline after meeting the requirements.
  • the above-mentioned ultrasonic device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank is realized: the crude oil input pipeline is connected with the ultrasonic acting device, the ultrasonic acting device is connected with the electric desalination tank through the pipeline, and the upper discharge port of the electric desalination tank is connected with the crude oil output pipeline.
  • the ultrasonic acting device includes an ultrasonic acting area with a symmetrical pipe structure on both sides with the central axis as the symmetry axis.
  • the ultrasonic acting area consists of two symmetric large-diameter straight pipe sections, a small-diameter straight pipe section in the middle, and two connecting large-diameter straight pipe sections with
  • the small-diameter straight pipe section is composed of transitional inclined pipe sections.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe sections at both ends are equipped with symmetrical material inlets and material outlets.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe section and the small-diameter straight pipe section are connected by a transitional inclined pipe.
  • Ultrasonic transducer with a circular plane emitting surface, the plane of the emitting surface of the ultrasonic transducer is perpendicular to the axis of the ultrasonic active area pipe, parallel to the central axis, and arranged oppositely.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is provided with a coolant jacket , Ultrasonic action zone produces forward and countercurrent ultrasonic waves and ultrasonic waves reflected by the transition slope.
  • the connection between the ultrasonic action zone and the processing material system is connected by conventional pipe connection.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is displayed and controlled by the ultrasonic generator.
  • the generator is installed in an explosion-proof cabinet.
  • the ultrasonic generator can be controlled centrally by DCS, PLC, or on-site manual control.
  • the ultrasonic method and device for preventing sludge accumulation in electric desalination tanks according to the present invention is an effective and thorough technical solution to prevent sludge accumulation in electric desalination tanks, which fundamentally solves the 3-4 year long-term production of oil refineries.
  • the problem of abnormal shutdown and maintenance of the sludge dredging of the electric desalination tank once a year has realized the continuous production of the electric desalination tank during the 3-4 years long-term production process of the refinery, and avoided the intermediate shutdown of the electric desalination tank once a year.
  • the ultrasonic method and device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank install an ultrasonic action device on the pipeline after the static mixer and the mixing valve before the crude oil enters the electric desalination tank, and the ultrasonic action zone has two small ends in the middle Large dumbbell-shaped pipe structure, with opposite ultrasonic transducers installed at both ends of the action area.
  • the transducers generate ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction, forming a uniform opposite beam through the action area structure
  • Ultrasound in the mixed action mode of ultrasonic and non-uniform pipeline reflected ultrasonic waves realizes the standing wave field effect of ultrasonic superposition, realizes the effect of no dead angle coverage and infinite extension of ultrasonic propagation, and is used to solve the production of sludge deposits in electric desalination tanks
  • Technical problems have realized the continuous production of electric desalination tanks during the 3-4 years of long-term production in the refinery, avoided the abnormal shutdown of the electric desalination tanks once a year to remove the sludge and sludge maintenance operations, and reduced electric desalination.
  • the number of tank backwashing simplifies the electric desalination operation and improves the electric desalination effect.
  • the ultrasonic method and device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank according to the present invention are suitable for the electric desalination and dehydration of crude oil, especially suitable for the electric desalination of oil refineries.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the ultrasonic method and device for preventing oil sludge in electric desalination tanks according to the present invention solves the problem that the electric desalination tank needs to be abnormally shut down during the long-period production of 3-4 years and 1 overhaul in the current oil refinery.
  • the technical problem of sludge siltation saves a lot of expenses for sludge dredging in electric desalination tanks.
  • the ultrasonic method and device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank according to the present invention reduce the frequency of backwashing operations under normal circumstances, thereby saving backwashing operation costs, reducing sewage treatment costs, and reducing oil refining losses.
  • the ultrasonic method and device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank according to the present invention ensure the stable, long-term and high-quality normal production of electric desalination, can improve electric desalination production, and produce direct economic benefits and potential indirect economic benefits.
  • the method and device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank by using ultrasonic waves of the present invention has advanced DCS centralized program control means, reasonable technology, easy realization, convenience and reliability.
  • the ultrasonic action mode of the uniform ultrasonic wave and the non-uniform ultrasonic wave in the ultrasonic action area is mixed, and the ultrasonic action mode is intertwined, which prevents the ultrasonic wave from focusing and improves
  • this ultrasonic effect area can be used in the occasion of the ultrasonic sludge prevention of the electric desalination tank, and the electric desalination tank produced in a long period of 3-4 years can not be abnormally shut down to clean the sludge at the bottom of the tank.
  • the ultrasonic method and device for preventing sludge sludge in electric desalination tanks of the present invention solves the fundamental production problem of sludge sludge in electric desalination tanks, simplifies the operation of electric desalination, improves the effect of electric desalination, and reduces reaction The cost of sludge and sludge treatment caused by washing and carrying.
  • the method and device described in the present invention are suitable for industrial production in oil refineries to prevent sludge sludge in electric desalination tanks.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank with ultrasonic waves according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the ultrasonic acting device according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wave path difference of the two standing wave fields with the angle between the straight tube and the inclined tube equal to 45° according to the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic propagation of the present invention with the angle of the inclined tube being less than 45°, with uniform opposite radiation and non-uniform reflection of the inclined tube;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device of the present invention that adopts concentric reducing heads with an inclined tube angle less than 45°;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the oblique tube machined with thick-walled concentric reducing heads according to the present invention with an angle less than 45°;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the standing wave field of the oblique tube machined with concentric reducing heads and the angle equal to 45° according to the present invention
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a standing wave field with an angle of 45° between oblique tubes with concentric reducing heads according to the present invention
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the interweaving and propagation of ultrasonic waves with uniform cross-beam and non-uniform reflection from the inclined tube according to the present invention with an angle greater than 45°;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic interlacing propagation of the oblique tube machined by the large and small heads of the present invention with an angle greater than 45°;
  • Fig. 11 Curve diagram of the influence of temperature on the ultrasonic wave velocity of Shengli crude oil.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic acting device, and the ultrasonic acting area structure in the ultrasonic acting device forms a mixed action mode of parallel opposed ultrasonic waves and pipe reflected ultrasonic waves Ultrasonic waves and superposition of ultrasonic waves realize the standing wave field effect. Ultrasonic waves extend infinitely along the fluid pipeline.
  • the mixed crude oil is ultrasonically processed through the standing wave field formed and the non-dead-angle coverage and infinite extension of ultrasonic propagation. After processing, it enters the electric desalination tank Perform electrical desalination.
  • the sound intensity of the ultrasonic wave is 0.03-10w/cm 2
  • the frequency is 10kHz-200kHz.
  • the ultrasonic acting device 12 includes an ultrasonic acting area and an ultrasonic transducer 6.
  • the ultrasonic acting area is a dumbbell-shaped pipe structure with a small middle and two large ends.
  • the two ends of the pipe structure are equipped with the same ultrasonic transducer 6, two ultrasonic transducers.
  • the emitting surface of the device 6 is a circular plane, the circular planes are concentric in axial direction, parallel to each other, and oppositely arranged, and the emitting surface is perpendicular to the center line of the pipeline structure; the two ultrasonic transducers 6 produce the same frequency and the same vibration direction.
  • Parallel opposed ultrasonic waves 10 with opposite propagation directions, parallel opposed ultrasonic waves 10 are prone to generate a standing wave field, the two ultrasonic transducers 6 produced by the pipe reflected by the pipe wall of the pipe reflect the ultrasonic 9, the pipe reflects the ultrasonic 9 along the fluid The area extends indefinitely, forming a mixed action mode of parallel opposed ultrasonic waves 10 and pipe reflected ultrasonic waves 9.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 6 needs to be matched with the ultrasonic field, and the matching condition meets the requirement of ultrasonic sound intensity.
  • the dumbbell-shaped pipe structure with the small middle and the big ends and the ultrasonic transducers 6 installed at the two ends are symmetrical on both sides with the vertical line perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe as the symmetrical structure;
  • the structure includes a large-diameter straight pipe section 1 at both ends and a small-diameter straight pipe section 4 in the middle.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe section 1 and the small-diameter straight pipe section 4 are connected by a transitional inclined pipe 3, and the large-diameter straight pipe sections 1 at both ends are respectively provided with a material inlet 2 And material outlet 5.
  • the circular surface diameters of the emitting surfaces of the two ultrasonic transducers 6 are equal, and the diameter of the circular surface is larger than the diameter of the small-diameter straight pipe section 4 in the middle.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 6 is provided with a coolant jacket 7 and a display control circuit 8, and a coolant clamp
  • the sleeve 7 is equipped with a cooling liquid, and the cooling method of the cooling liquid is one of the circulating water cooling method or the radiating non-circulating cooling method;
  • the display control circuit 8 is connected to the ultrasonic generator for communication, and the ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic transducer 6.
  • the ultrasonic generator is placed in the explosion-proof cabinet 13.
  • the ultrasonic generator placed in the explosion-proof cabinet 13 is connected to the control unit 14.
  • the control mode of the control unit is one of DCS centralized control, PLC communication control or on-site manual control.
  • the opposite ultrasonic transducer 6 generates parallel opposite ultrasonic waves 10 with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction, which means that two ultrasonic generators connected to the two opposite ultrasonic transducers 6 collect the same frequency
  • the ultrasonic waves generated by power amplification are generated by power amplification.
  • the opposed ultrasonic waves emitted through the circular emitting surface of the small-diameter straight pipe section 4 area of the ultrasonic action area form parallel opposed ultrasonic waves 10 with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe section 1 and the small-diameter straight pipe section 4 in the ultrasonic action area are connected by concentric reducing heads.
  • the opposite ultrasonic wave reflected by the inclined surface of the concentric reducing heads repeatedly changes the propagation direction after being reflected by the pipe.
  • the ultrasonic wave 9 is reflected by forming an interlaced pipe that is inconsistent with the propagation direction of the parallel opposed ultrasonic wave 10.
  • An ultrasonic device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank includes a crude oil input pipeline 19, a crude oil mixing device is arranged on the crude oil input pipeline 19, the crude oil mixing device is connected to the ultrasonic acting device 12 through the pipeline, and the ultrasonic acting device 12 is connected to the electric
  • the desalination tank 15 is connected, and the upper discharge port of the electric desalination tank 15 is connected with the crude oil output pipeline 16.
  • a crude oil mixing device is installed on the crude oil input pipeline 19 before entering the ultrasonic acting device 12, and the crude oil mixing device is composed of a static mixer 18 and a mixing valve 17 in series.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic treatment device 12 for ultrasonic treatment. After the treatment, it enters the ultrasonic electric desalination tank 15 for electric desalination. After meeting the requirements, it is output from the crude oil output pipeline.
  • Figure 2 illustrates: the large-diameter straight pipe section 1 and the material inlet 2 use commercially available standard three-way pipes, the other large-diameter straight pipe section 1 and the material outlet 5 use equal specifications of three-way pipes, and a small diameter straight pipe section 4 is used in the middle.
  • Transition oblique tube 3 adopts concentric different diameter heads, ultrasonic transducer 6 with horn-shaped circular plane emitting surface is installed at both ends of the device, ultrasonic transducer 6 is equipped with coolant jacket 7, ultrasonic transducer 6 is controlled by display
  • the loop 8 is connected to the ultrasonic generation and control part.
  • the transitional inclined pipe 3 reflects the non-uniform pipe reflected ultrasonic wave 9, and passes through the small diameter straight pipe section 4 to produce uniform parallel ultrasonic wave 10, which is easy to produce.
  • the display control loop 8 communicates with the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic transducer 6, and the ultrasonic generator is placed in the explosion-proof cabinet 13.
  • the ultrasonic generator placed in the explosion-proof cabinet 13 is connected to the control unit 14.
  • the control mode of the control unit is one of DCS centralized control, PLC communication control or on-site manual control.
  • the two ends are equipped with opposite-beam ultrasonic transducers 6.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 6 generates ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction.
  • the structure of the ultrasonic action area forms a uniform parallel opposite ultrasonic wave 10 and non-uniform ultrasonic waves.
  • the pipeline reflects the ultrasonic wave of the mixed action mode of the ultrasonic wave 9, which is easy to realize the standing wave field effect of the superposition of the ultrasonic wave, and realizes the effect of no dead angle coverage and infinite extension of the ultrasonic wave propagation.
  • the tee pipe with material inlet 2 is welded with the concentric reducing head, then with the small diameter straight pipe section 4, then with the same specification concentric reducing head, and then with the same specification tee with material outlet 5.
  • Pipe welding, nozzle welding flanges, and ultrasonic action zone pipelines are completed.
  • the flange covers at both ends of the action zone pipeline are provided with small flange holes for installing the ultrasonic transducer 6, and the horn ultrasonic transducers at both ends of the action zone pipeline 6 It is connected and sealed by flange compression.
  • the transducer outside the active area with water jacket and wiring and the horn-shaped internal transducer are composed of two parts, and the connection part is made by thread and couplant Threaded connection, welding process requires parallelism and design processing accuracy. During installation, ensure the concentricity of the two transducers and ensure the perpendicularity between the plane of the transducer and the axis of the pipeline in the active area.
  • the ultrasonic acting device of the present invention can be connected to a pipeline through a flange to realize a continuous production process.
  • the ultrasonic acting device of the present invention can work under normal temperature and pressure, and can also work under high temperature and high pressure.
  • the ultrasonic acting device of the present invention can also be connected to the pipeline in any other manner well known to the production technicians.
  • the device of the present invention for preventing sludge sludge in an electric desalination tank with ultrasonic waves the internal structure of the pipeline in the ultrasonic action zone can be made of commercially available standard pipe fittings, or special pipe fittings and pipe blanks can be designed and produced according to different technical requirements of the application
  • the mold is customized and processed, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 8, and Figure 9.
  • the internal structure of the pipe in the ultrasonic effect area in order to ensure consistency requirements and prevent the diffuse reflection and scattering of ultrasonic waves, the smoothness and processing accuracy of the effect area can be welded after machining by thick-walled pipes. fulfil requirements.
  • the internal structure of the pipeline in the ultrasonic acting area and the angle of the inclined pipe, the concentric reducing head made of thick-walled pipe can be used for machining to meet the requirements, as shown in Figure 6, As shown in Figure 7, Figure 10.
  • the device of the present invention for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank is easy to implement, reasonable in structure, simple in manufacturing and installation, and can realize the interweaving and mixed ultrasonic waves of uniform ultrasonic waves beamed in parallel and non-uniform ultrasonic waves reflected by an inclined surface.
  • the ultrasonic action device provided in the device for preventing sludge sludge in an electric desalination tank according to the present invention treats the oil-water mixture in the heterogeneous electric desalination process.
  • a certain composition at a certain moment is It can always achieve the ideal standing wave field ultrasonic wave and the non-uniform ultrasonic wave reflected by the inclined tube.
  • the beneficial reverberation field ultrasonic wave has a good ultrasonic effect. It can partially achieve the standing wave field energy loss, energy transmission, and maximum amplitude , The kinetic energy and the potential energy are converted between the wave crest and the node.
  • the non-uniform interlaced ultrasonic wave reflected by the inclined tube can realize the beneficial effect of no dead angle in the action area.
  • the magnetostrictive ultrasonic can reach a single-head transmission power of 5000w, a double-head transmission power of 10,000w, and the maximum sound intensity can reach 5.00w/cm 2 .
  • the ultrasonic emission has good stability, long life of the equipment, stable performance, and can be used for more than 10 years in a long period.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic With a large-diameter straight pipe section with an inner diameter of 500 mm, the piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic can reach a single-head transmission power of 10,000w, a double-head transmission power of 20,000w, and the maximum sound intensity can reach 10.00w/cm 2 . Due to the thermal stability of piezoelectric ceramics, the ultrasonic emission stability is poor, the equipment life is short, and the performance is unstable, so intermittent production can be performed.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic acting device, and the ultrasonic acting area structure in the ultrasonic acting device forms a mixed action mode of parallel opposed ultrasonic waves and pipe reflected ultrasonic waves Ultrasonic waves and superposition of ultrasonic waves realize the standing wave field effect.
  • the mixed crude oil is ultrasonically treated by the standing wave field formed and the dead-angle coverage and infinite extension of ultrasonic propagation. After the treatment, it enters the electric desalination tank for electric desalination.
  • the sound intensity of the ultrasonic wave is 0.03-0.25w/cm 2 , and the frequency is 20 kHz.
  • the ultrasonic acting device 12 includes an ultrasonic acting area and an ultrasonic transducer 6.
  • the ultrasonic acting area is a dumbbell-shaped pipe structure with a small middle and two large ends.
  • the two ends of the pipe structure are equipped with the same ultrasonic transducer 6, two ultrasonic transducers.
  • the emitting surface of the device 6 is a circular plane, the circular planes are concentric in axial direction, parallel to each other, and oppositely arranged, and the emitting surface is perpendicular to the center line of the pipeline structure; the two ultrasonic transducers 6 produce the same frequency and the same vibration direction.
  • Parallel opposed ultrasonic waves 10 with opposite propagation directions, parallel opposed ultrasonic waves 10 are prone to generate a standing wave field, the two ultrasonic transducers 6 produced by the pipe reflected by the pipe wall of the pipe reflect the ultrasonic 9, the pipe reflects the ultrasonic 9 along the fluid The area extends indefinitely, forming a mixed action mode of parallel opposed ultrasonic waves 10 and pipe reflected ultrasonic waves 9.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 6 needs to be matched with the ultrasonic field, and the matching condition meets the requirement of ultrasonic sound intensity.
  • the dumbbell-shaped pipe structure with the small middle and the big ends and the ultrasonic transducers 6 installed at the two ends are symmetrical on both sides with the vertical line perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe as the symmetrical structure;
  • the structure includes a large-diameter straight pipe section 1 at both ends and a small-diameter straight pipe section 4 in the middle.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe section 1 and the small-diameter straight pipe section 4 are connected by a transitional inclined pipe 3, and the large-diameter straight pipe sections 1 at both ends are respectively provided with a material inlet 2 And material outlet 5.
  • the diameters of the circular surfaces of the emitting surfaces of the two ultrasonic transducers 6 are equal, and the diameter of the circular surface is larger than the diameter of the small-diameter straight pipe section 4 in the middle.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 6 is provided with a coolant jacket 7 and a display control circuit 8, and a coolant clamp Cooling liquid is provided in the sleeve 7.
  • the cooling method of the cooling liquid is one of the circulating water cooling method or the radiating non-circulating cooling method;
  • the display control circuit 8 is connected to the ultrasonic generator for communication, and the ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic transducer 6.
  • the ultrasonic generator is placed in the explosion-proof cabinet 13.
  • the ultrasonic generator placed in the explosion-proof cabinet 13 is connected to the control unit 14.
  • the control mode of the control unit is one of DCS centralized control, PLC communication control or on-site manual control.
  • the opposite ultrasonic transducer 6 generates parallel opposite ultrasonic waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction. It means that two ultrasonic generators connected to the two opposite ultrasonic transducers 6 collect the same frequency. The ultrasonic waves generated by power amplification.
  • the opposite ultrasonic waves emitted through the circular emitting surface of the small-diameter straight pipe section 4 in the ultrasonic action zone form parallel opposite ultrasonic waves 10 with the same frequency, the same vibration direction, and the opposite propagation direction.
  • the large-diameter straight pipe section 1 and the small-diameter straight pipe section 4 in the ultrasonic action area are connected by concentric reducing heads.
  • the opposite ultrasonic wave reflected by the inclined surface of the concentric reducing heads repeatedly changes the propagation direction after being reflected by the pipe.
  • the ultrasonic wave 9 is reflected by forming an interlaced pipe that is inconsistent with the propagation direction of the parallel opposed ultrasonic wave 10.
  • An ultrasonic device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank includes a crude oil input pipeline 19, a crude oil mixing device is arranged on the crude oil input pipeline 19, the crude oil mixing device is connected to the ultrasonic acting device 12 through the pipeline, and the ultrasonic acting device 12 is connected to the electric
  • the desalination tank 15 is connected, and the upper discharge port of the electric desalination tank 15 is connected with the crude oil output pipeline 16.
  • a crude oil mixing device is installed on the crude oil input pipeline 19 before entering the ultrasonic acting device 12, and the crude oil mixing device is composed of a static mixer 18 and a mixing valve 17 in series.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic treatment device 12 for ultrasonic treatment. After the treatment, it enters the ultrasonic electric desalination tank 15 for electric desalination. After meeting the requirements, it is output from the crude oil output pipeline.
  • the ultrasonic acting device described in the second embodiment is included in the first embodiment, and the angle between the inclined surface of the inclined pipe section and the straight pipe section is less than 45°.
  • the electric desalination process of crude oil in the refinery requires high pressure and high temperature.
  • the oil-water mixture of 2-12% crude oil with water injection is a uniform heterogeneous mixture.
  • the fixed-distance ultrasonic transducer 6 is directed through the small diameter straight pipe section 4
  • the uniform ultrasonic wave and the constantly changing medium composition will make the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave continue to change.
  • the wavelength changes with the medium composition.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 6 emission surface When the distance is higher, the standing wave field effect of the ultrasonic will appear from time to time.
  • Standing wave field is an ideal ultrasonic effect for those skilled in the field of acoustics to apply ultrasonic waves to industrial production.
  • the ultrasonic superposition of the standing wave field maximizes the combined amplitude and energy of the superposition of ultrasonic waves without energy transmission.
  • the energy of the ultrasonic waves converts potential energy and kinetic energy between the peaks and nodes.
  • the ultrasonic device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank in the ultrasonic acting device, the opposite ultrasonic transducer 6, the opposite ultrasonic, the forward ultrasonic, the opposite ultrasonic, the forward reflected ultrasonic, the opposite The reflected ultrasonic waves will be superimposed at the same time, forming the ideal beneficial effect of superimposing multiple ultrasonic waves, which can realize the maximization of ultrasonic energy. Therefore, the ultrasonic sludge prevention device of the electric desalination tank according to the present invention is used in large-scale industrial production tests. Ultrasonic energy consumption is small and the effect is remarkable.
  • the ultrasonic device of the present invention is used to prevent sludge sludge in an electric desalination tank.
  • the sound intensity is 0.03- 0.25w/cm 2 , frequency 20000Hz, divided into 2 levels, 4 in series for each level, 12 ultrasonic action devices in each group consume about 300w of power consumption, and the total power consumption is about 2 kWh/h.
  • the test results show: realize crude oil
  • the intelligentization and automation of electric desalination production improves the effect of electric desalination, reduces the salt content of crude oil after desalination, improves the water quality of electric desalination drainage, and improves the biochemical performance of electric desalination drainage, avoiding the elimination of electricity once a year in electric desalination production.
  • the abnormal shutdown of the sludge accumulated in the desalination tank has achieved the ideal test effect of preventing the sludge accumulation in the electric desalination tank, with low energy consumption and significant beneficial effects.
  • An ultrasonic method for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank The crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic effect device.
  • the ultrasonic effect area structure in the ultrasonic effect device forms a parallel ultrasonic wave and the pipeline reflected ultrasonic wave. Ultrasound is superimposed.
  • the standing wave field effect is realized, and the mixed crude oil is ultrasonically processed through the formed standing wave field and the non-dead-angle coverage and infinite extension of the ultrasonic propagation. After the treatment, it enters the electric desalination tank for electric desalination.
  • the sound intensity of the ultrasonic wave is 0.03-10w/cm 2 , and the frequency is 20kHz.
  • An ultrasonic device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank includes a crude oil input pipeline 19, a crude oil mixing device is arranged on the crude oil input pipeline 19, the crude oil mixing device is connected to the ultrasonic acting device 12 through the pipeline, and the ultrasonic acting device 12 is connected to the electric
  • the desalination tank 15 is connected, and the upper discharge port of the electric desalination tank 15 is connected with the crude oil output pipeline 16.
  • a crude oil mixing device is installed on the crude oil input pipeline 19 before entering the ultrasonic acting device 12, and the crude oil mixing device is composed of a static mixer 18 and a mixing valve 17 in series.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic action device 12 for ultrasonic treatment. After the treatment, it enters the ultrasonic electric desalination tank 15 for electric desalination. After meeting the requirements, it is output from the crude oil output pipeline.
  • the ultrasonic acting device described in the third embodiment is included in the first embodiment, and the angle between the inclined surface of the inclined pipe section and the straight pipe section is greater than 45°.
  • the road extends to the infinite distance of the inlet and outlet pipelines until the ultrasonic attenuation disappears, which can also achieve the effect of covering the ultrasonic waves in the pipeline without dead ends.
  • the absorption and attenuation of ultrasonic waves is less. This method can achieve the beneficial effect of infinitely extending the range of action of ultrasonic waves.
  • the operating pressure of electric desalination is 10MPa
  • the temperature is 145°C
  • the transducer with a distance of 3125mm, under the production conditions of 145°C and 10MPa, the crude oil is in a liquid state, and the transducer is directed uniformly through a small diameter straight pipe section with a fixed distance of 3125mm Ultrasonic waves, emitted waves and reflected waves, emitted waves and counter waves, counter waves and reflected waves can produce a superimposed standing wave field.
  • the temperature control in the production process cannot guarantee that it is always 145°C, and it cannot always be a standing wave field condition. When this condition is reached, a standing wave field condition can always be produced.
  • the electric desalination tank contains pure Shengli crude oil, as the temperature conditions fluctuate, a standing wave field can always be generated from time to time.
  • the device of the present invention is easy to generate a standing wave field, which is a relatively ideal state pursued by those skilled in the field of acoustics in the application of ultrasonic waves in industrial production.
  • the actual production situation the electric desalination process water injection 2-12%, the electric desalination operating temperature is 110-150 °C, the operating pressure is 0.8-1.5 MPa, the crude oil after the water injection is evenly mixed is a relatively uniform mixture of the two substances.
  • the homogeneous mixture has a specific ultrasonic sound velocity under certain conditions.
  • the distance between the transducer and the uniform ultrasonic wave passing through the small-diameter straight pipe is fixed.
  • the composition of the medium is constantly changing, the temperature is constantly changing, and the density of crude oil is constantly changing.
  • the frequency is constant, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave will always change, and the wavelength will also change continuously with the medium composition.
  • the integral multiple of the half-wavelength is equal to the distance of the transmitter surface, the ultrasonic standing wave field effect will appear from time to time.
  • Standing wave field is an ideal ultrasonic effect for those skilled in the field of acoustics to apply ultrasonic waves to industrial production.
  • the ultrasonic superposition of the standing wave field maximizes the combined amplitude and energy of the superposition of ultrasonic waves without energy transmission.
  • the energy of the ultrasonic waves converts potential energy and kinetic energy between the peaks and nodes.
  • the device of the present invention for preventing sludge sludge in an electric desalination tank is applied in an electric desalination tank for processing Shengli crude oil in a certain factory to prevent sludge sludge, and achieves an ideal anti-siltation effect.
  • the opposed transducer, the opposed ultrasonic, the forward ultrasonic, the opposite ultrasonic, the forward reflected ultrasonic, and the opposite reflected ultrasonic will be superimposed at the same time.
  • the ideal beneficial effect of forming multiple superimposed ultrasonic waves can realize the maximization of ultrasonic energy.
  • the angle of the inclined pipe is greater than 45°, the device for preventing sludge sludge in an electric desalination tank according to the present invention is used in industrial production tests. , It can also realize that the energy consumption of ultrasonic is small, and the beneficial effect is obvious.
  • An ultrasonic method for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank The crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic effect device.
  • the ultrasonic effect area structure in the ultrasonic effect device forms a parallel ultrasonic wave and the pipeline reflected ultrasonic wave. Ultrasound is superimposed.
  • the standing wave field effect is realized, and the mixed crude oil is ultrasonically processed through the formed standing wave field and the non-dead-angle coverage and infinite extension of the ultrasonic propagation. After the treatment, it enters the electric desalination tank for electric desalination.
  • the sound intensity of the ultrasonic wave is 0.03-10w/cm 2
  • the frequency is 10kHz-200kHz.
  • An ultrasonic device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank includes a crude oil input pipeline 19, a crude oil mixing device is arranged on the crude oil input pipeline 19, the crude oil mixing device is connected to the ultrasonic acting device 12 through the pipeline, and the ultrasonic acting device 12 is connected to the electric
  • the desalination tank 15 is connected, and the upper discharge port of the electric desalination tank 15 is connected with the crude oil output pipeline 16.
  • a crude oil mixing device is installed on the crude oil input pipeline 19 before entering the ultrasonic acting device 12, and the crude oil mixing device is composed of a static mixer 18 and a mixing valve 17 in series.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic action device 12 for ultrasonic treatment. After the treatment, it enters the ultrasonic electric desalination tank 15 for electric desalination. After meeting the requirements, it is output from the crude oil output pipeline.
  • the ultrasonic action device used in the method for preventing sludge sludge in an electric desalination tank by using ultrasonic waves described in Example 4 is included in Example 1.
  • the angle between the inclined surface of the inclined pipe section and the straight pipe section is equal to 45°.
  • the ultrasonic wave is emitted through the launching surface-inclined plane 45 ° angle reflection-inclined plane 45° angle reflection-emission surface 0° angle reflection, and finally reflected back to the emission point, and no ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the inlet pipe or the outlet pipe Compared with the ultrasonic wave field of the same diameter without oblique pipe, the ultrasonic standing wave field is added once more in the same periodic period.
  • the electrical desalination conditions are generally 110-150°C, 2-12% crude oil water injection, ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 20000 Hz, and the propagation velocity u of ultrasonic waves changes continuously with the temperature, the composition of the mixture of crude oil and water, and the density of crude oil. ⁇ also changes continuously with temperature, the composition of the mixture of crude oil and water, and the density of crude oil.
  • the transducer at a fixed distance radiates uniform ultrasonic waves passing through a small-diameter straight pipe section.
  • L1 3118 mm.
  • the ultrasonic wave velocity u varies with temperature, the composition of the mixture of crude oil and water, and the density of crude oil. Constantly changing, the wavelength ⁇ also changes continuously with the temperature, the composition of the mixture of crude oil and water, and the density of the crude oil. It is easy to meet the condition of the standing wave field where L1/( ⁇ /2) is an integer multiple.
  • the ultrasonic waves passing through the small-diameter straight pipe section of the transducer are prone to produce a standing wave field effect.
  • the conditions of ultrasonic generation of standing wave field are easy to produce standing wave field effect.
  • the ultrasonic device of the present invention for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank
  • the ultrasonic device can generate two different standing wave fields at different times, which is different from the same diameter without a small diameter straight pipe.
  • the frequency of the standing wave field is increased.
  • Standing wave field is an ideal ultrasonic effect for those skilled in the field of acoustics to apply ultrasonic waves to industrial production.
  • the ultrasonic superposition of the standing wave field maximizes the combined amplitude and energy of the superposition of ultrasonic waves without energy transmission.
  • the energy of the ultrasonic waves converts potential energy and kinetic energy between the peaks and nodes.
  • the device of the present invention for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank preferably has the advantages of low energy consumption and high anti-siltation effect when the angle of the inclined plane is equal to 45°.
  • An ultrasonic method for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank The crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic effect device.
  • the ultrasonic effect area structure in the ultrasonic effect device forms a parallel ultrasonic wave and the pipeline reflected ultrasonic wave. Ultrasound is superimposed.
  • the standing wave field effect is realized, and the mixed crude oil is ultrasonically processed through the formed standing wave field and the non-dead-angle coverage and infinite extension of the ultrasonic propagation. After the treatment, it enters the electric desalination tank for electric desalination.
  • the sound intensity of the ultrasonic wave is 0.02-0.20w/cm 2 , and the frequency is 21000 Hz.
  • An ultrasonic device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank includes a crude oil input pipeline 19, a crude oil mixing device is arranged on the crude oil input pipeline 19, the crude oil mixing device is connected to the ultrasonic acting device 12 through the pipeline, and the ultrasonic acting device 12 is connected to the electric
  • the desalination tank 15 is connected, and the upper discharge port of the electric desalination tank 15 is connected with the crude oil output pipeline 16.
  • a crude oil mixing device is installed on the crude oil input pipeline 19 before entering the ultrasonic acting device 12, and the crude oil mixing device is composed of a static mixer 18 and a mixing valve 17 in series.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic treatment device 12 for ultrasonic treatment. After the treatment, it enters the ultrasonic electric desalination tank 15 for electric desalination. After meeting the requirements, it is output from the crude oil output pipeline.
  • Example 5 The ultrasonic method and device used in Example 5 to prevent sludge sludge in electric desalination tanks are the same as those in Example 2. It is applied to the test of preventing sludge sludge in electric desalination tanks in petrochemical refineries.
  • the electric desalination tanks are connected in series with two stages.
  • the desalination tanks are respectively included in the ultrasonic sludge prevention device of the electric desalination tank in a two-stage parallel connection mode of the present invention for industrial application tests.
  • ultrasonic action device 12 explosion-proof cabinet 13
  • control unit 14 electric desalination tank 15
  • crude oil output pipeline 16 mixing valve 17
  • static mixer 18 crude oil input pipeline 19.
  • a petrochemical refinery has a crude oil processing capacity of 5 million tons/year.
  • the original design electric desalination tank has a residence time of 45 minutes.
  • the volume of the electric desalination tank reached 785m 3 after the second transformation, which increased the residence time to 85 minutes.
  • the original increase was nearly doubled, and the sludge at the bottom of the electric desalination tank was seriously silted in the production cycle before the ultrasonic technology transformation of the device.
  • the test of the device for preventing the sludge accumulation in the electric desalination tank by applying the ultrasonic wave of the present invention solves the production problem of the sludge accumulation in the electric desalination tank.
  • the ultrasonic sound intensity is 0.02-0.20w/cm 2 , and the frequency is 21000Hz.
  • the mud, sand, soil, oil-soluble salts and other mechanical impurities contained in the crude oil are easy to deposit on the bottom of the electric desalination tank.
  • the treatment of removing sludge and the transfer of solid waste each time is the current environmental protection work A big problem.
  • the first-level tank was cleaned offline in July 2015, that is, 154.2t of sludge was removed after 14 months of operation.
  • the first-level tank was cleaned online twice, and the sludge was 63.14. t, 103.9t, in September 2016, the first-level tank was cleaned offline again, and 164.94t of sludge was removed.
  • An ultrasonic method for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank The crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic effect device.
  • the ultrasonic effect area structure in the ultrasonic effect device forms a parallel ultrasonic wave and the pipeline reflected ultrasonic wave. Ultrasound is superimposed.
  • the standing wave field effect is realized, and the mixed crude oil is ultrasonically processed through the formed standing wave field and the non-dead-angle coverage and infinite extension of the ultrasonic propagation. After the treatment, it enters the electric desalination tank for electric desalination.
  • the sound intensity of the ultrasonic wave is 0.50-5.00w/cm 2 , and the frequency is 19500 Hz.
  • An ultrasonic device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank includes a crude oil input pipeline 19, a crude oil mixing device is arranged on the crude oil input pipeline 19, the crude oil mixing device is connected to the ultrasonic acting device 12 through the pipeline, and the ultrasonic acting device 12 is connected to the electric
  • the desalination tank 15 is connected, and the upper discharge port of the electric desalination tank 15 is connected with the crude oil output pipeline 16.
  • a crude oil mixing device is installed on the crude oil input pipeline 19 before entering the ultrasonic acting device 12, and the crude oil mixing device is composed of a static mixer 18 and a mixing valve 17 in series.
  • the crude oil is mixed and enters the ultrasonic treatment device 12 for ultrasonic treatment. After the treatment, it enters the ultrasonic electric desalination tank 15 for electric desalination. After meeting the requirements, it is output from the crude oil output pipeline.
  • the method and device for preventing oil sludge in electric desalination tanks using ultrasonic waves used in Example 6 are the same as those in Example 3.
  • the electric desalination tanks are connected in two stages in series, and the electric desalination tanks in series in two stages adopt 4-stage parallel connection to be included in the ultrasonic wave of the present invention.
  • the various components of the industrial application test in the flowchart the ultrasonic acting device 12 of the present invention, the explosion-proof cabinet 13, the control unit 14, the electric desalination tank 15, the crude oil output pipeline 16, the mixing valve 17, the static mixer 18, the crude oil Enter pipe 19.
  • a petrochemical refinery In order to solve the production problems of high-acid and low-quality Dahl crude oil caused by the blending of high-acid and low-quality Dahl crude oil, a petrochemical refinery has also expanded its capacity to 10 million tons/year to 13 million tons/year. , which can replace the technical solution of constructing the third-level electric desalination tank. In May 2013, the technical solution of the ultrasonic device for preventing the sludge sludge of the electric desalination tank of the present invention was applied.
  • the desired expected effect was achieved.
  • the drainage water quality was greatly improved, and the stability of the electrical desalination operation was greatly improved.
  • there was no obvious sludge accumulation in the bottom of the 2017.3 inspection tank which completely solved the problem of cleaning the bottom of the electrical desalination tank every year.
  • the problem of abnormal work stoppage, the ultrasonic sound intensity is 0.50-5.00w/cm 2 , the frequency is 19500Hz.
  • the implementation of the ultrasonic device for preventing oil sludge in an electric desalination tank described in Embodiment 6 has significant beneficial effects.

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Abstract

一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置（12），超声波作用装置（12）内通过超声波作用区结构形成一种平行对射超声波（10）与管道反射超声波（9）的混合作用方式的超声波，超声波叠加实现驻波场效应，超声波反射产生无限延伸，驻波场与无死角覆盖的无限延伸的联合作用对混合后原油超声处理，处理完毕后进入电脱盐罐（15）进行电脱盐。该方法及装置用于解决电脱盐罐油泥淤积的生产技术问题，实现了炼油厂3-4年长周期生产过程中电脱盐罐的连续性生产，避免了对电脱盐罐非正常停工进行1年1次的清除油泥淤积的检修作业，减少了电脱盐罐反冲洗次数，简化电脱盐操作，改善电脱盐效果。

Description

一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明属于石油化工超声波应用技术领域，具体的涉及一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置。
背景技术
电脱盐是原油自油田进入炼油厂的第一道预处理工序，电脱盐过程需要注水脱出原油中所含的水溶性无机盐，主要是脱除NaCl盐。在电脱盐罐中，注水混合后的原油在高压电场的作用下，除了脱出水和水溶性无机盐外，电脱盐罐底易于沉积大量的非水溶性的半固态油泥，在检修时需要进行水替退油-蒸汽蒸罐-空气置换-人工清理-油泥外委等油泥处理过程。在过去，炼油厂的原油加工主要是粗放型的1年1大修的短周期生产模式，电脱盐罐油泥的清除对于炼油厂的生产影响较小，连续生产的过程中间不需要停工对电脱盐罐进行单独的清除油泥的检修，大量沉积在电脱盐罐底的油泥在1年1度的大修过程中清除，外运处理，对炼油厂的连续生产过程不会产生较大影响；在现今，炼油厂的原油加工主要是精细型的3-4年1大修的长周期生产模式，油泥的清除对于炼油厂的生产影响较大，连续生产过程中间需要1年1次对电脱盐罐进行非正常停工单独的清除油泥的检修作业，检修作业不仅影响正常的连续性生产，而且清除油泥的作业产生较多的作业费用，另外，清理出的油泥的处理也是一大生产难题；不仅电脱盐罐油泥淤积的清理是一大生产问题，而且油泥淤积对电脱盐正常生产的不利影响也是一大生产问题，渐进的油泥淤积过程对电脱盐生产逐渐产生不利影响，电脱盐罐中分油层和水层，油泥淤积在电脱盐罐底部水层的下部，越积越多，非水溶性的油泥沉积在电脱盐罐底部，逐渐缩小了电脱盐罐的容积，影响电脱盐罐的正常操作，也影响脱盐效果，不断地进行的反冲洗操作对消除油泥淤积效果不佳，还导致电脱盐过程中的电脱盐排水带油而产生大量的污油无法处理、回炼。
一般地，电脱盐生产过程需要2-3级电脱盐，至少需要2-3个电脱盐罐，以某厂电脱盐的700万吨/年原油加工产能3个电脱盐罐的4年长周期生产为例，1个电脱盐罐每1次清淤作业需要约10天时间，每1年需要清淤1次，每1次1个罐清除淤泥平均约150t，每1个电脱盐罐每1次清淤费用约￥30万元，每1t油泥外委处理需要处理费用约￥0.3万元/t，则4年的长周期生产过程总共需要清淤时间120天，清出油泥1800t，需要消耗清淤费用约￥12×30万元＝￥360万元，需要外委油泥处理费用约￥1800×0.3万元＝￥540万元，共计消耗直接费用约￥360+540＝￥900万元。
在当今长周期生产情况下，电脱盐罐清淤是非正常停工，是一种没有办法的选项。电脱盐罐淤积到1年左右，如果继续维持电脱盐的连续生产，反冲洗水会携带大量油泥导致产生大量的回收污油；电脱盐罐淤积到1年左右，如果继续维持电脱盐的连续生产，电脱盐生产也越来越不正常，电脱盐排水含油也会大幅上升，进而也会导致污水处理场回收大量的污油；以某厂电脱盐的700万吨/年原油加工产能3个电脱盐罐的4年长周期生产为例，4年产生4.2万吨重污油无法处理，高含水重 污油也难以回炼加工，造成较大的炼油损失，也是尚待解决的生产难题。
随着电脱盐罐底油泥淤积越来越多，电脱盐罐的有效容积越来越小，油水分离的沉降时间越来越短，油水分离的时间和空间越来越满足不了正常生产的要求，电脱盐工序变得越来越不正常，为炼油厂生产造成巨大的、潜在的不利影响。电脱盐操作不正常导致电脱盐脱后原油含盐含水上升、电脱盐罐电流上升电耗增加，导致原油后加工能耗增加、结垢严重、设备腐蚀、催化剂消耗增加等，电脱盐罐油泥淤积问题为炼油厂造成潜在的经济损失。
生产过程中，设计电脱盐罐采用反冲洗操作减缓电脱盐罐中油泥的沉积状况，这种常规操作：每天进行的反冲洗操作使得操作人员的工作量增加，增加操作成本；频繁的反冲洗导致反冲洗排水携带大量的油泥，增加了重污油的量及处理成本；频繁的反冲洗导致反冲洗排水携带大量的油泥，增大了污水处理的成本；随着油泥淤积增加反冲洗频次或繁琐的反冲洗操作，也不能满足电脱盐罐3-4年1大修的长周期生产要求，解决不了当前电脱盐罐油泥淤积的生产问题。
在生产实际中，某石化炼油厂为了解决油泥淤积的生产技术问题，电脱盐罐容积由200m 3增大到800m 3，这种方式带来了新的生产技术问题：电脱盐罐越大线速度越小，原油中含有的泥、沙、土、油溶性盐类等机械杂质易于沉积在电脱盐罐底部，导致油泥淤积问题更加严重，每年1次的清除油泥的作业恶化为每年3次清除油泥的作业；固废转移也是当前环保工作的一大难题；每次反冲洗会冲出较多的油泥，生产不得不安排每1周平均反冲洗1次，70t/h左右反冲洗水量，两级电脱盐罐的每个罐各反冲洗30min，增加了生产人员的工作量和操作成本。
现有的常规的电脱盐罐反冲洗解决电脱盐罐油泥淤积的技术，不能解决3-4年长周期炼油厂生产的电脱盐罐淤积的问题。在电脱盐罐油泥淤积影响长周期生产的现实情况下，某电脱盐罐厂家对某炼油厂的电脱盐罐采用罐底铺设聚四氟板、增加反冲洗喷嘴的技术改进方案，理论上聚四氟板表面光滑使油泥不易于沉积在电脱盐管底部，再增加反冲洗喷嘴数量用来强化反冲洗作用强度，该装置存在的问题是：对改善电脱盐罐油泥淤积的生产问题效果不明显，不能延长1年1次的清除油泥的检修周期。
现有技术，CN02213619-原油超声波-电场联合脱盐装置、CN03139172.9-顺流和逆流超声波联合作用使油水乳化物破乳的方法及装置、CN03253324-油水乳化物的破乳装置、CN201020573668-一种单路进料超声波-电脱盐联合的装置、CN201020575233-一种多路进料并联式超声波-电脱盐联合的装置、CN201721734500-一种电脱盐装置以及CN201120086725-超声波破乳管道作用装置均为解决电脱盐中油水破乳问题的技术解决方案，均存在超声波作用装置产生的超声波形式单一，超声波利用率低的现象。截至目前，没有有效的解决电脱盐罐油泥淤积的技术解决方案，也没有公开的超声波电脱盐罐防止油泥淤积的技术解决方案。
因此，亟需探索一种超声波电脱盐罐防止油泥淤积的方法及装置，来满足3-4年长周期生产的电脱盐罐不进行非正常停工清理罐底油泥的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置， 该方法及装置用于解决电脱盐罐油泥淤积的生产技术问题，实现了炼油厂3-4年长周期生产过程中电脱盐罐的连续性生产，避免了对电脱盐罐非正常停工进行1年1次的清除油泥淤积的检修作业，减少了电脱盐罐反冲洗次数，简化电脱盐操作，改善电脱盐效果。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置，在超声波作用装置内通过超声波作用区结构形成一种平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，超声波叠加实现驻波场效应，通过形成的驻波场以及超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限延伸的作用对混合后原油超声处理，处理完毕后进入电脱盐罐进行电脱盐。
其中：
超声波处理中超声波的声强为0.03-10w/cm 2，频率为10kHz-200kHz。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，在原油进电脱盐罐前的静态混合器和混合阀之后的管道上，安装超声波作用装置，超声波作用装置包括超声波作用区和超声波换能器，超声波作用区具有中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构，作用区两端安装对射的超声波换能器，超声波换能器产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的超声波，通过超声波作用区结构形成一种均匀的对射的超声波与非均匀的管道反射的超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，实现超声波叠加的驻波场效应，实现超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限远延伸的作用效果，用于解决电脱盐罐油泥淤积的生产技术问题，生产中实现了炼油厂3-4年长周期生产过程中电脱盐罐的连续性生产，避免了对电脱盐罐非正常停工进行1年1次的清除油泥淤积的检修作业，减少了电脱盐罐反冲洗次数，简化电脱盐操作，改善电脱盐效果。
超声波作用装置包括超声波作用区和超声波换能器，超声波作用区是中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构，管道式结构两端分别设置相同的超声波换能器，两个超声波换能器的发射面为圆型平面，圆型平面轴向同心，相互平行，对向设置，发射面与管道式结构的中心线垂直；两个超声波换能器产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的均匀的平行对射超声波，平行对射超声波易于产生驻波场，两个超声波换能器产生的经过管道式结构的管壁反射的非均匀的管道反射超声波，管道反射超声波沿流体区域无限延伸，形成平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式。
所述的中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构与两端安装的超声波换能器，以管道中轴线垂直的中垂线为对称轴呈两边对称性结构。
中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构包括两头的大直径直管段和中间的小直径直管段，大直径直管段和小直径直管段通过过渡斜管连接，过渡斜管采用同心异径大小头加工制作而成，两头的大直径直管段上分别设置物料进口和物料出口。
超声波作用区的管道以管道中轴线垂直的中垂线为对称轴，超声波作用区的管道以对称轴为对称性结构。
所述超声波作用区两端安装对射的超声波换能器，超声波换能器的发射面为对射的喇叭形的圆型平面，圆型平面发射的超声波为平行传播的超声波。
对射的超声波换能器产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的超声波，是指与对射的两个 超声波换能器相连接的两个超声波发生器采集同一频率进行功率放大所产生的超声波。
两个超声波换能器的发射面的圆面直径相等，圆面直径大于中间的小直径直管段的直径。
超声波换能器设置有冷却液夹套和显示控制回路，冷却液夹套内设有冷却液，冷却液的冷却方式为循环水冷却方式或散热式非循环的冷却方式中的一种；显示控制回路与超声波发生器连接通讯，超声波发生器控制超声波换能器，超声波发生器置于防爆柜中。
置于防爆柜中的超声波发生器与控制单元连接，控制单元的控制方式是DCS集中控制、PLC通讯控制或现场手动控制中的一种方式。
所述对射的发射面圆面直径相等，圆面直径大于超声波作用区中间的小直径直管段的直径，通过超声波作用区小直径直管段区域的部分圆型发射面发射的对射的超声波，形成频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的均匀的平行对射超声波。
超声波作用区大直径直管段与小直径直管段，大小直径的变径采用同心异径大小头连接，通过同心异径大小头的斜面反射的超声波经管道反射后反复改变传播方向形成与平行对射超声波传播方向不一致的交织的管道反射超声波。
所述超声波作用区的作用方式为均匀的平行对射超声波与非均匀的管道反射超声波混合的超声波作用方式。
所述喇叭型圆平面的发射面发射的平行对射传播的超声波，随着物料介质组成的变化，传播的超声波的声速会发生变化，超声波的波长就会改变，当满足半波长的整数倍等于对射圆平面的距离时，发射波与反射波、发射波与对射波的叠加可以产生驻波的情况，叠加的超声波的能量最大、振幅最大，势能和动能在波峰与波节之间转换，超声波能量不传播，能耗达到最小，作用效果达到最大。假设：对射的喇叭形圆平面的发射面的距离为L，L为固定值，u为一时刻某一物料组成的超声波的传播声速为变化值，超声波的频率f为固定值；则：超声波的波长λ随着物料介质组成的变化而不断变化，λ＝u/f，λ/2的变化总能满足L＝n(λ/2)条件，n＝1，2，......整数；结果：L等于半波长的整数倍即可满足超声驻波的条件。
叭型形圆平面的发射面发射的平行对射传播的超声波，随着物料介质组成的变化，传播的超声波的声速会发生变化，超声波的波长就会随之改变，当满足半波长的整数倍等于对射圆平面的距离时，发射波、反射波、对射波、对射波的反射波的会同时叠加产生驻波。
小直径直管段与大直径直管段的变径采用同心异径大小头的斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角小于45°时，管道反射超声波穿越小直径直管段，沿物料进口、物料出口管道无限延伸，流体区域无死角覆盖；夹角大于45°时，管道反射超声波在大直径直管段内闭环传播，沿物料进口、物料出口管道无限延伸，流体区域无死角覆盖；夹角等于45°时，斜面反射的超声波只在大直径的直管段内闭环传播，作用区形成双驻波现象。
优选的，斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角等于45°角。
当斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角等于45°角时：
所述小直径直管与大直径直管的变径的同心异径大小头的斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角等于45° 时，超声波作用区只产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的均匀的超声波，斜面反射的超声波只在大直径的直管段内闭环传播。
所述小直径直管与大直径直管的变径的斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角等于45°时，超声波作用区可产生圆型发射面发射的对射的超声波，对射的超声波形成频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的均匀的超声波，也产生斜面反射的频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的均匀的超声波，随着进料介质组成的变化，超声波作用区在不同时刻可以产生两种不同波程差的超声波驻波场，增加了驻波超声波场生成的几率，提高了超声波作用的效果，这种超声波作用区尤其适用于超声波防电脱盐罐油泥淤积的场合。
当斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角不等于45°角时：
所述小直径直管与大直径直管的变径的同心异径大小头斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角不等于45°时，对射的发射面的圆面直径大于超声波作用区中间的小直径管段的直径，超声波作用区小直径管段区域的部分的圆型发射面发射的对射的超声波形成频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的均匀的超声波，超声波作用区大小直径变径的斜面反射的、部分的、对射的超声波经管道反射后反复改变传播方向形成与均匀的超声波传播方向不一致的、交织的、非均匀的超声波，超声波作用区形成均匀的超声波与非均匀的超声波混合的超声波作用方式，超声波的作用方式相互交织，防止了超声波的聚焦，提高了超声波作用的效果，这种超声波作用区可用于超声波防电脱盐罐油泥淤积的场合，可以达到3-4年长周期生产的电脱盐罐不进行非正常停工清理罐底油泥的目的。
所述小直径直管与大直径直管的变径同心异径大小头斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角不等于45°时，超声波作用区大小直径变径的斜面反射的、部分的、对射的超声波经管道反射后反复改变传播方向，最终进入物料进口、物料出口，通过进、出口物料管路，向进、出口管路方向无限远延伸，直至超声波衰减消失。就水及较高温度下的原油而言，超声波的吸收和衰减较少，这种方式可以达到超声波的作用区间向无限远延伸的效果。
所述的大直径直管段采用三通加工制作而成，小直径直管段采用直管管道加工制作而成，过渡斜管采用同心异径大小头加工制作而成或者采用厚壁管件机加工制作而成。
超声波换能器产生的超声波的声强为0.03-10w/cm 2，最优的声强为0.05-0.50w/cm 2。
超声波换能器产生的超声波的频率为10kHz-200kHz，最优的频率为15-100kHz。
超声波换能器是压电陶瓷型或磁致伸缩型中的一种。
超声波作用区是单一作用、串联、并联或串并联作用方式的一种。
所述超声波作用区是间隙式作用或连续式作用方式的一种。
所述超声波作用区的形式是管道式结构。
所述超声波作用区两端设置超声波换能器，超声波换能器把电能转换为超声波的机械能。
所述超声波作用区设置两端对称的超声波换能器。
所述超声波换能器与超声波作用区需要选择匹配，匹配条件满足超声波声强的条件要求。
所述超声波作用区可以单一作用，超声波作用区可以串联，超声波作用区也可以并联，超声波作 用区也可以串并联。
所述超声波换能器连接超声波发生器，超声波发生器控制超声波换能器，超声波发生器置于防爆柜中，防爆柜适应于石油化工生产现场安装。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，包括原油输入管道，原油输入管道上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置通过管路与超声波作用装置相连，超声波作用装置通过管路与电脱盐罐相连，电脱盐罐上部出料口与原油输出管道相连。
其中：
原油混合装置由静态混合器与混合阀串联组成。
超声波作用装置包括超声波作用区和超声波换能器，超声波作用区是中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构，管道式结构两端分别设置相同的超声波换能器，两个超声波换能器的发射面为圆型平面，圆型平面轴向同心，相互平行，对向设置，发射面与管道式结构的中心线垂直；两个超声波换能器产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的均匀的平行对射超声波，平行对射超声波易于产生驻波场，两个超声波换能器产生的经过管道式结构的管壁反射的非均匀的管道反射超声波，管道反射超声波沿流体区域无限延伸，形成平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置进行超声处理，处理完毕后进入超声波电脱盐罐进行电脱盐，符合要求后由原油输出管道输出。
实现上述一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置：原油输入管道与超声波作用装置相连，超声波作用装置通过管路与电脱盐罐相连，电脱盐罐上部出料口与原油输出管道相连。
超声波作用装置包括以中轴线为对称轴的两边对称的管道式结构的超声波作用区，超声波作用区由两个对称的大直径直管段、中间一个小直径直管段、两个连接大直径直管段与小直径直管段的过渡斜管段构成，两端大直径直管段设置对称的物料进口与物料出口，大直径直管段与小直径直管段通过一个过渡斜管连接，超声波作用区两端设置有喇叭型的圆面的平面发射面的超声波换能器，超声波换能器的发射面的平面与超声波作用区管道的轴线垂直、与中轴线平行、对向设置，超声波换能器设置有冷却液夹套，超声波作用区产生顺逆流对射的超声波与过渡斜面反射的超声波，超声波作用区与处理物料系统的连接采用常规的管道连接方式连接，超声波换能器通过超声波发生器进行显示与控制超声波，超声波发生器安装在防爆柜中，超声波发生器可通过DCS集中控制，也可通过PLC控制，也可进行现场手动控制。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置，是一种有效的彻底的防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的技术解决方案，从根本上解决了炼油厂3-4年长周期生产1年1次电脱盐罐油泥清淤的非正常停工检修问题，实现了炼油厂3-4年长周期生产过程中电脱盐罐的连续性生产，避免了对电脱盐罐中间停工进行1年1次的非正常停工的清除油泥的检修作业，产生直接经济效益和潜在的间接经济效益。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置，在原油进电脱盐罐前的静态混合器和混合阀之后的管道上，安装一种超声波作用装置，超声波作用区具有中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结 构，作用区两端安装对射的超声波换能器，换能器产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的超声波，通过作用区结构形成一种均匀的对射的超声波与非均匀的管道反射的超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，实现超声波叠加的驻波场效应，实现超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限远延伸的作用效果，用于解决电脱盐罐油泥淤积的生产技术问题，实现了炼油厂3-4年长周期生产过程中电脱盐罐的连续性生产，避免了对电脱盐罐非正常停工进行1年1次的清除油泥淤积的检修作业，减少了电脱盐罐反冲洗次数，简化电脱盐操作，改善电脱盐效果。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置，适用于原油电脱盐脱水的场合，尤其适用于炼油厂的电脱盐场合。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置，解决了现今炼油厂3-4年1大修的长周期生产中对电脱盐罐需要非正常停工进行1年1次清除油泥淤积的技术问题，节省了大量的电脱盐罐油泥清淤的费用。
(2)本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置，正常情况下减少了反冲洗操作频次，进而节省了反冲洗的操作成本，降低了污水处理成本，减少了炼油损失。
(3)本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置，保证了电脱盐安稳长期优质的正常生产，能够改善电脱盐生产，产生直接经济效益和潜在的间接经济效益。
(4)本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置，DCS集中程序控制手段先进，工艺合理，易于实现，方便可靠。
(5)经过多次工业试验表明，采用本发明所述的技术方案，超声波作用区均匀的超声波与非均匀的超声波混合的超声波作用方式，超声波的作用方式相互交织，防止了超声波的聚焦，提高了超声波作用的效果，这种超声波作用区可用于超声波防电脱盐罐油泥淤积的场合，可以达到3-4年长周期生产的电脱盐罐不进行非正常停工清理罐底油泥。
(6)本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法及装置，解决了现有电脱盐罐油泥淤积的根本性生产问题，简化了电脱盐操作，改善了电脱盐效果，减少了反冲洗携带造成的污油泥及污油处理费用。
(7)本发明所述的方法及装置适用于炼油厂的防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的工业生产中。
附图说明
图1本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置结构示意图；
图2本发明所述的超声波作用装置结构示意图；
图3本发明所述的直管与斜管夹角等于45°的两种驻波场的波程差示意图；
图4本发明所述的斜管夹角小于45°的对射均匀与斜管反射非均匀的超声波传播示意图；
图5本发明所述的采用同心异径大小头的斜管夹角小于45°装置的内部结构示意图；
图6本发明所述的采用厚壁同心异径大小头机加工的斜管夹角小于45°内部结构示意图；
图7本发明所述的采用同心异径大小头机加工的斜管夹角等于45°的驻波场示意图；
图8本发明所述的采用同心异径大小头的斜管夹角等于45°的驻波场示意图；
图9本发明所述的斜管夹角大于45°的对射均匀与斜管反射非均匀超声波交织传播示意图；
图10本发明所述的大小头机加工的斜管夹角大于45°的超声波交织传播示意图；
图11温度对胜利原油的超声波波速影响规律曲线图。
图中：1、大直径直管段；2、物料进口；3、过渡斜管；4、小直径直管段；5、物料出口；6、超声波换能器；7、冷却液夹套；8、显示控制回路；9、管道反射超声波；10、平行对射超声波；11、驻波；12、超声波作用装置；13、防爆柜；14、控制单元；15、电脱盐罐；16、原油输出管道；17、混合阀；18、静态混合器；19、原油输入管道。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例1所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置，在超声波作用装置内通过超声波作用区结构形成一种平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，超声波叠加实现驻波场效应，超声波沿流体管道无限延伸，通过形成的驻波场以及超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限延伸的作用对混合后原油超声处理，处理完毕后进入电脱盐罐进行电脱盐。
超声波处理中超声波的声强为0.03-10w/cm 2，频率为10kHz-200kHz。
超声波作用装置12包括超声波作用区和超声波换能器6，超声波作用区是中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构，管道式结构两端分别设置相同的超声波换能器6，两个超声波换能器6的发射面为圆型平面，圆型平面轴向同心，相互平行，对向设置，发射面与管道式结构的中心线垂直；两个超声波换能器6产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的平行对射超声波10，平行对射超声波10易于产生驻波场，两个超声波换能器6产生的经过管道式结构的管壁反射的管道反射超声波9，管道反射超声波9沿流体区域无限延伸，形成平行对射超声波10与管道反射超声波9的混合作用方式。
超声波换能器6与超声波作用区需要选择匹配，匹配条件满足超声波声强的条件要求。
所述的中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构与两端安装的超声波换能器6，以管道中轴线垂直的中垂线为对称轴呈两边对称性结构；中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构包括两头的大直径直管段1和中间的小直径直管段4，大直径直管段1和小直径直管段4通过过渡斜管3连接，两头的大直径直管段1上分别设置物料进口2和物料出口5。
两个超声波换能器6发射面的圆面直径相等，圆面直径大于中间的小直径直管段4的直径，超声波换能器6设置有冷却液夹套7和显示控制回路8，冷却液夹套7内设有冷却液，冷却液的冷却方式是循环水冷却方式或散热式非循环的冷却方式中的一种；显示控制回路8与超声波发生器连接通讯，超声波发生器控制超声波换能器6，超声波发生器置于防爆柜13中。
置于防爆柜13中的超声波发生器与控制单元14连接，控制单元的控制方式是DCS集中控制、PLC通讯控制或现场手动控制中的一种方式。
对射的超声波换能器6产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的平行对射超声波10，是指与对射的两个超声波换能器6相连接的两个超声波发生器采集同一频率进行功率放大所产生的超 声波。
通过超声波作用区小直径直管段4区域的圆型发射面发射的对射的超声波，形成频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的平行对射超声波10。
超声波作用区大直径直管段1与小直径直管段4，大小直径的变径采用同心异径大小头连接，通过同心异径大小头的斜面反射的对射的超声波经管道反射后反复改变传播方向形成与平行对射超声波10传播方向不一致的交织的管道反射超声波9。
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，包括原油输入管道19，原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置通过管路与超声波作用装置12相连，超声波作用装置12通过管路与电脱盐罐15相连，电脱盐罐15上部出料口与原油输出管道16相连。
进入超声波作用装置12之前的原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置由静态混合器18与混合阀17串联组成。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置12进行超声处理，处理完毕后进入超声波电脱盐罐15进行电脱盐，符合要求后由原油输出管道输出。
图2所示，制作一套本发明所述的超声波作用装置，过程如下：
图2图示说明：大直径直管段1与物料进口2采用市售标准三通管，另一大直径直管段1与物料出口5采用等规格的三通管，中间采用一个小直径直管段4，过渡斜管3采用同心异径大小头，喇叭型圆平面发射面的超声波换能器6安装在装置两端，超声波换能器6设置冷却液夹套7，超声波换能器6由显示控制回路8与超声波发生与控制部分连接，过渡斜管3反射产生非均匀的管道反射超声波9，平行穿过小直径直管段4产生均匀的平行对射超声波10，均匀的平行对射超声波10易于产生驻波11。
显示控制回路8与超声波发生器连接通讯，超声波发生器控制超声波换能器6，超声波发生器置于防爆柜13中。
置于防爆柜13中的超声波发生器与控制单元14连接，控制单元的控制方式是DCS集中控制、PLC通讯控制或现场手动控制中的一种方式。
两端安装对射的超声波换能器6，超声波换能器6产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的超声波，通过超声波作用区结构形成一种均匀的平行对射超声波10与非均匀的管道反射超声波9的混合作用方式的超声波，易于实现超声波叠加的驻波场效应，实现超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限远延伸作用效果。
带物料进口2的三通管与一同心异径大小头焊接，再与小直径直管段4焊接，再与一同规格的同心异径大小头焊接，再与带物料出口5的同规格的三通管焊接，管口焊接法兰，超声波作用区管道制作完成，在作用区管道两端的法兰盖上设置安装超声波换能器6的小法兰孔，作用区管道两端的喇叭型超声波换能器6采用法兰压紧的方式接入、密封，带有水套与接线的作用区外部的换能器与喇叭型的内部换能器由两部分组合而成，连接部分通过螺纹与耦合剂进行螺纹连接，焊接加工过程要求平行度与设计加工精度，安装时保证两个换能器的同心度、保证换能器平面与作用区管线轴心的垂直度。
本发明所述的超声波作用装置可以通过法兰接入管路，实现连续式生产过程。
本发明所述的超声波作用装置可以在常温常压下工作，也可以在高温高压下工作。
本发明所述的超声波作用装置也可以通过其它任何生产技术人员熟知的方式方法接入管路。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，超声波作用区管道的内部结构，可以采用市售的标准管件制作而成，也可以根据应用场合的不同技术要求设计制作专用的管件管坯模具定制加工而成，如图2、图3、图4、图5、图8、图9所示。
本发明所述的超声波作用装置，超声波作用区管道的内部结构，为了保证一致性要求，防止超声波的漫反射、散射的情况，作用区内部的光洁度及加工精度可以采用厚壁管机加工后焊接满足要求。
本发明所述的超声波作用装置，超声波作用区管道的内部结构，斜管的夹角为了满足一致性要求，可以采用厚壁管制作的同心异径大小头进行机加工满足要求，如图6、图7、图10所示。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，易于实施，结构合理，制作安装过程简便，可以实现平行对射的均匀的超声波与斜面反射的非均匀的超声波的交织混合超声波。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置中设置的超声波作用装置，对于处理非均相的电脱盐过程的油水混合物，随着混合物组成的变化，在某一时刻的某一组成，总能实现理想的驻波场超声波与斜管反射非均匀的超声波交织的有益的混响场超声波，具有较好的超声波作用效果，可以部分实现驻波场能量不损耗、能量不传递、振幅最大、动能和势能在波峰与波节之间转换的超声波作用的有益效果，斜管反射的非均匀的交织的超声波能够实现超声波在作用区区间作用无死角的有益效果。
内径500毫米的大直径直管段，磁致伸缩型超声波可以达到单头发射电功率5000w，双头发射功率10000w，最大声强可以达到5.00w/cm 2。超声波发射稳定性好，设备寿命长，性能稳定，可以长周期使用10年以上。
内径500毫米的大直径直管段，压电陶瓷型超声波可以达到单头发射电功率10000w，双头发射功率20000w，最大声强可以达到10.00w/cm 2。由于压电陶瓷本身的热稳定问题，超声波发射稳定性较差，设备寿命短，性能不稳定，可以进行间隙式生产。
实施例2
本实施例2所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置，在超声波作用装置内通过超声波作用区结构形成一种平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，超声波叠加实现驻波场效应，通过形成的驻波场以及超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限延伸的作用对混合后原油超声处理，处理完毕后进入电脱盐罐进行电脱盐。
超声波处理中超声波的声强为0.03-0.25w/cm 2，频率为20kHz。
超声波作用装置12包括超声波作用区和超声波换能器6，超声波作用区是中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构，管道式结构两端分别设置相同的超声波换能器6，两个超声波换能器6的发射面为圆型平面，圆型平面轴向同心，相互平行，对向设置，发射面与管道式结构的中心线垂直；两个超声波换能器6产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的平行对射超声波10，平行对射超声波10易 于产生驻波场，两个超声波换能器6产生的经过管道式结构的管壁反射的管道反射超声波9，管道反射超声波9沿流体区域无限延伸，形成平行对射超声波10与管道反射超声波9的混合作用方式。
超声波换能器6与超声波作用区需要选择匹配，匹配条件满足超声波声强的条件要求。
所述的中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构与两端安装的超声波换能器6，以管道中轴线垂直的中垂线为对称轴呈两边对称性结构；中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构包括两头的大直径直管段1和中间的小直径直管段4，大直径直管段1和小直径直管段4通过过渡斜管3连接，两头的大直径直管段1上分别设置物料进口2和物料出口5。
两个超声波换能器6发射面的圆面直径相等，圆面直径大于中间的小直径直管段4的直径，超声波换能器6设置有冷却液夹套7和显示控制回路8，冷却液夹套7内设有冷却液，冷却液的冷却方式是循环水冷却方式或散热式非循环的冷却方式中的一种；显示控制回路8与超声波发生器连接通讯，超声波发生器控制超声波换能器6，超声波发生器置于防爆柜13中。
置于防爆柜13中的超声波发生器与控制单元14连接，控制单元的控制方式是DCS集中控制、PLC通讯控制或现场手动控制中的一种方式。
对射的超声波换能器6产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的平行对射超声波10，是指与对射的两个超声波换能器6相连接的两个超声波发生器采集同一频率进行功率放大所产生的超声波。
通过超声波作用区小直径直管段4区域的圆型发射面发射的对射的超声波，形成频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的平行对射超声波10。
超声波作用区大直径直管段1与小直径直管段4，大小直径的变径采用同心异径大小头连接，通过同心异径大小头的斜面反射的对射的超声波经管道反射后反复改变传播方向形成与平行对射超声波10传播方向不一致的交织的管道反射超声波9。
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，包括原油输入管道19，原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置通过管路与超声波作用装置12相连，超声波作用装置12通过管路与电脱盐罐15相连，电脱盐罐15上部出料口与原油输出管道16相连。
进入超声波作用装置12之前的原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置由静态混合器18与混合阀17串联组成。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置12进行超声处理，处理完毕后进入超声波电脱盐罐15进行电脱盐，符合要求后由原油输出管道输出。
本实施例2所述的超声波作用装置包括在实施例1中，斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角小于45°。
如图2、图4、图5、图6，斜管与直管的夹角小于45°时，超声波的传播如图2、图4所示，由超声波换能器6发射的超声波通过斜管的斜面反射后，通过中间小直径直管段4的反射，穿越中间的小直径直管段4，到达另一端大直径直管段1，再通过对向设置的超声波换能器6表面反射，最终进入管路进口、出口，通过物料进口2、物料出口5管路，向进、出口管路无限远延伸，直至超声波衰 减消失。就水及较高温度下的原油而言，超声波的吸收和衰减较少，这种方式可以达到超声波的作用区间向无限远延伸的有益效果。
炼油厂的原油电脱盐过程，压力较大，温度较高，注水2-12％的原油的油水混合物为均匀的非均相混合物，固定距离的超声波换能器6对射通过小直径直管段4的均匀的超声波，不断变化的介质组成，会使得超声波的传播速度不断变化，在超声波频率一定的情况下，波长随介质组成不断变化，当满足半波长的整数倍等于超声波换能器6发射面的距离时，不时出现超声波的驻波场效应。
单一组分的介质，随着温度、压力、密度的变化，超声波的传播速度也会发生变化，也会产生驻波场。对常温下的清水测试，驻波场的效果如图2中检测的驻波11所示。
驻波场是声学领域技术人员将超声波应用于工业生产的一种理想的超声波效果。
驻波场的超声波叠加使超声波叠加的合振幅最大、能量最大、不进行能量传递、超声波的能量在波峰与波节之间进行势能和动能的转换。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，在超声波作用装置中，对射的超声波换能器6，对射的超声波，正向超声波、对向超声波、正向反射的超声波、对向反射的超声波会同时叠加，形成多个超声波叠加的理想的有益效果，可以实现超声波能量的最大化，因此，本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置在大工业生产试验中，超声波的能耗较小，效果显著。
某厂加工原油1300万吨/年，处理量1200吨/h，应用本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置试验，8个本发明所述的超声波作用装置12，声强0.03-0.25w/cm 2，频率20000Hz，分2级，每1级4个串联，每组超声波作用装置12只消耗300w左右的电功耗，总共耗电2度/h左右，试验结果显示：实现原油电脱盐生产的智能化、自动化，提高了电脱盐效果，降低了脱后原油含盐，改善了电脱盐排水水质、提高了电脱盐排水的可生化性能，避免了电脱盐生产中每年一次清除电脱盐罐淤积的油泥的非正常停工作业，达到了防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的理想的试验效果，能耗较小，有益效果显著。
实施例3
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置，在超声波作用装置内通过超声波作用区结构形成一种平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，超声波叠加实现驻波场效应，通过形成的驻波场以及超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限延伸的作用对混合后原油超声处理，处理完毕后进入电脱盐罐进行电脱盐。
超声波处理中超声波的声强为0.03-10w/cm 2，频率为20kHz。
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，包括原油输入管道19，原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置通过管路与超声波作用装置12相连，超声波作用装置12通过管路与电脱盐罐15相连，电脱盐罐15上部出料口与原油输出管道16相连。
进入超声波作用装置12之前的原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置由静态混合器18与混合阀17串联组成。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置12进行超 声处理，处理完毕后进入超声波电脱盐罐15进行电脱盐，符合要求后由原油输出管道输出。
本实施例3所述的超声波作用装置包括在实施例1中，斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角大于45°。
如图9、图10，斜管与直管的夹角大于45°时，超声波的传播如图9、图10所示，由换能器发射的超声波通过斜管的斜面反射后，超声波返回大直径直管段，不穿越中间的小直径直管段，不到达另一端大直径直管段，在一侧的大直径直管段管壁反射，最终进入进口管路或出口管路，通过进、出口物料管路，向进、出口管路的无限远延伸，直至超声波衰减消失，也能实现管道中超声波的无死角的覆盖的作用效果。就水及较高温度下的原油而言，超声波的吸收和衰减较少，这种方式可以达到超声波的作用区间向无限远延伸的有益效果。
单一组分的介质，随着温度、压力、密度的变化，超声波的传播速度也会发生变化，也会产生驻波场。
以某厂加工的胜利原油为例，电脱盐操作压力为10MPa，温度为145℃，超声波的频率采用f＝20000Hz，计算图9、图10，换能器距离L＝3125mm时，λ＝u/f，测算驻波场产生的条件。
如图11，温度对胜利原油的超声波速的影响，是2018年，第42卷中国石油大学学报(自然科学版)Vol.42No.1第1期Feb.2018，刘刚等“胶凝原油结构对超声波速影响规律”中公开的图示。采用曲线外延法可以测得145℃下胜利原油的超声波波速为u 原油＝1002m/s。λ 原油＝u 原油/f＝1002/20000＝0.05(m)＝50mm，λ 原油/2＝25mm，则L/(λ 原油/2)＝3125/25＝125，L为λ 原油/2的整数倍(125倍)。如果电脱盐罐中为纯胜利原油，则距离为3125mm的换能器，在生产条件145℃下，10MPa时，原油呈液体状态，换能器对射通过固定距离3125mm的小直径直管段的均匀的超声波，发射波与反射波、发射波与对射波，对射波与反射波能够产生叠加的驻波场。生产过程的温度控制不能保证总是145℃，不能总是驻波场情况，当达到这个条件时，总能产生驻波场状况。换句话讲，如果电脱盐罐中为纯胜利原油，随着温度条件的波动，总能时不时的产生驻波场。本发明的装置，易于产生驻波场，是声学领域技术人员在超声波应用于工业生产中追求的较为理想的状态。
水的声速u 水＝(K/ρ) 0.5，高压下水的K＝2.2GPa，145℃下水的密度为922kg/m 3，则u 水＝(K/ρ) 0.5＝(2.2×10 9/922) 0.5＝1544.71(m/s)。λ 水＝u 水/f＝1544.71/20000≈0.07724(m)≈77.24mm，λ 水/2≈38.62mm，则L/(λ 水/2)＝3125/38.62≈80.92，按每降低温度1℃，水的声速降低4.6m/s，反推计算L为λ 水/2的整数倍81倍时，声速降低0.50m/s，温度降低0.11℃，即144.89℃就能满足纯水的驻波场条件，如果电脱盐罐中为纯水，则距离为3125mm的换能器，在生产条件144.89℃下，10MPa时，水呈液体状态，换能器对射通过固定距离3125mm的小直径直管段的均匀的超声波，发射波与反射波、发射波与对射波，对射波与反射波能够产生叠加的驻波场。生产过程的温度控制不能保证总是145℃，温度总是波动，总能满足144.89℃的驻波场温度条件。
实际生产情况，电脱盐过程注水2-12％，电脱盐操作温度为110-150℃，操作压力为0.8-1.5MPa，注水后混合均匀后的原油而言属于两种物质混合的较为均匀的非均相混合物，在一定条件下具有特定的超声波声速，换能器对射通过小直径直管段的均匀的超声波的距离固定，不断变化的介质组成，不断变化的温度，不断变化原油密度，在超声波的频率一定的情况下，总使得超声波的传播速度不断变 化，波长随介质组成也不断变化，当满足半波长的整数倍等于换能器发射面的距离时，不时出现超声波的驻波场效应。
驻波场是声学领域技术人员将超声波应用于工业生产的一种理想的超声波效果。
驻波场的超声波叠加使超声波叠加的合振幅最大、能量最大、不进行能量传递、超声波的能量在波峰与波节之间进行势能和动能的转换。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置在某厂加工胜利原油的电脱盐罐防止油泥淤积中应用，取得理想的防淤积效果。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，对射的换能器，对射的超声波，正向超声波、对向超声波、正向反射的超声波、对向反射的超声波会同时叠加，形成多个超声波叠加的理想的有益效果，可以实现超声波能量的最大化，在斜管夹角大于45°的情况下，本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置在工业生产试验中，也能实现超声波的能耗较小，有益效果显著。
实施例4
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置，在超声波作用装置内通过超声波作用区结构形成一种平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，超声波叠加实现驻波场效应，通过形成的驻波场以及超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限延伸的作用对混合后原油超声处理，处理完毕后进入电脱盐罐进行电脱盐。
超声波处理中超声波的声强为0.03-10w/cm 2，频率为10kHz-200kHz。
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，包括原油输入管道19，原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置通过管路与超声波作用装置12相连，超声波作用装置12通过管路与电脱盐罐15相连，电脱盐罐15上部出料口与原油输出管道16相连。
进入超声波作用装置12之前的原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置由静态混合器18与混合阀17串联组成。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置12进行超声处理，处理完毕后进入超声波电脱盐罐15进行电脱盐，符合要求后由原油输出管道输出。
本实施例4所述超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法中采用的超声波作用装置包括在实施例1中，斜管段的斜面与直管段夹角等于45°。
如图3、图7、图8，斜管与直管的夹角等于45°时，超声波的传播如图3、图7、图8所示，由换能器发射的超声波通过斜管的斜面45°角反射后，超声波返回大直径直管段，不穿越中间的小直径直管段，不到达另一端大直径直管段，也不经过大直径直管段管壁反射，超声波经发射面发射-斜面45°角反射-斜面45°角反射-发射面0°角反射，最终反射回到发射点，进口管路或出口管路没有超声波传出。相比没有斜管的同一直径的超声波作用区管道，在同一周期性时段内，多增加一次超声波驻波场。
电脱盐条件一般为，110-150℃，注水2-12％的原油，频率为20000Hz的超声波，超声波的传播波速u随着温度、原油与水的混合物组成、原油的密度变化而不断变化，波长λ也随着温度、原油与水的混合物组成、原油的密度变化而不断变化。
固定距离的换能器对射通过小直径直管段的均匀的超声波，以图3为例，L1＝3118毫米，超声波的传播波速u随着温度、原油与水的混合物组成、原油的密度变化而不断变化，波长λ也随着温度、原油与水的混合物组成、原油的密度变化而不断变化，很容易满足L1/(λ/2)为整数倍的驻波场条件。换能器对射通过小直径直管段的超声波易于产生驻波场效应。
以图3为例，通过斜面的发射波与反射波、发射波与换能器平面反射点的发射波、换能器反射点的发射波与换能器平面反射的反射波的波程差是L 2＝1012+437+1012＝2461(毫米)，L 2/(λ/2)总是不断波动、不断变化，总能满足L 2/(λ/2)为整数倍，总能满足斜面反射的超声波产生驻波场的条件，易于产生驻波场效应。
斜面夹角45°时，本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置中，超声波作用装置在不同时刻可以产生两次不同的驻波场，与等直径的没有小直径直管段的没有斜面反射的超声波作用区只产生一次驻波场的情况相比较，增加了驻波场产生的频次。
驻波场是声学领域技术人员将超声波应用于工业生产的一种理想的超声波效果。
驻波场的超声波叠加使超声波叠加的合振幅最大、能量最大、不进行能量传递、超声波的能量在波峰与波节之间进行势能和动能的转换。
斜面夹角等于45°的情况，增加了驻波场形成的频次，在工业生产试验中，在电脱盐罐油泥淤积中应用，较低的超声波功耗，产生较高的应用功效，效果显著。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，优选的是斜面夹角等于45°的情况，具有能耗低，防淤积效果好的显著的有益效果。
实施例5
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置，在超声波作用装置内通过超声波作用区结构形成一种平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，超声波叠加实现驻波场效应，通过形成的驻波场以及超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限延伸的作用对混合后原油超声处理，处理完毕后进入电脱盐罐进行电脱盐。
超声波处理中超声波的声强为0.02-0.20w/cm 2，频率为21000Hz。
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，包括原油输入管道19，原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置通过管路与超声波作用装置12相连，超声波作用装置12通过管路与电脱盐罐15相连，电脱盐罐15上部出料口与原油输出管道16相连。
进入超声波作用装置12之前的原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置由静态混合器18与混合阀17串联组成。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置12进行超声处理，处理完毕后进入超声波电脱盐罐15进行电脱盐，符合要求后由原油输出管道输出。
本实施例5采用的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法与装置同实施例2，应用于石化炼油厂的防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积试验中，电脱盐罐为两级串联，两级串联的电脱盐罐分别采用2级并联的方式计入本发明的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置中，进行工业应用试验。
如图1所示，流程图中工业应用试验各组件：超声波作用装置12，防爆柜13，控制单元14，电脱盐罐15，原油输出管道16，混合阀17，静态混合器18，原油输入管道19。
某石化炼油厂原油加工能力500万吨/年，原设计电脱盐罐停留时间45分钟，为改善电脱盐运行效果，二次改造电脱盐罐容积达到785m 3使得停留时间增大到85分钟，比原来增大近1倍，装置进行超声波技术改造前一个生产周期，电脱盐罐底油泥淤积严重。应用本发明的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置试验解决了电脱盐罐油泥淤积的生产问题。超声波声强0.02-0.20w/cm 2，频率21000Hz。
电脱盐罐越大线速度越小，原油中含有的泥、沙、土、油溶性盐类等机械杂质易于沉积在电脱盐罐底部，每次清除油泥的处理与固废转移是当前环保工作的一大难题。装置改造前一个生产周期，2015年7月离线清一级罐，即开工14个月后清出油泥154.2t，2016年2月、6月两次在线清一级罐，清出油泥分别是63.14t、103.9t，2016年9月再次离线清一级罐，清出油泥164.94t，2017年停工阶段两级共清理油泥269.02t，一个运行周期累计755.2t油泥，如果按固废转移处理费用3000元/t计，采用超声波仅此一项即可节约费用755.2*3000＝226.6(万元)。
实施本实施例5所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置之前，原油中固体杂质易于沉积电脱盐罐底，鉴于每次反冲洗冲会冲出较多的油泥的情况，生产不得不安排每1周平均反冲洗1次，70t/h左右反冲洗水量，每个罐各反冲洗30min，增加了生产人员的工作量和操作成本。2018年3月标定，本周期自从2017年7月21日应用本发明的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置8个月，电脱盐运行过程中只进行过一次反冲洗操作，从观察导淋排放效果判断罐底基本没有油泥沉积；本实施例5所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置的特殊的作用方式，不仅能够保证脱后原油中油泥和机械性杂质的充分净化与除去，而且能够萃取电脱盐切水中固体杂质吸附的油分到达油相从而改善电脱盐切水水质，可以解决电脱盐罐油泥淤积的生产问题。运行15个月打开电脱盐罐查勘，电脱盐罐淤泥淤积轻微，不需要清淤作业。
实施例6
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置，在超声波作用装置内通过超声波作用区结构形成一种平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，超声波叠加实现驻波场效应，通过形成的驻波场以及超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限延伸的作用对混合后原油超声处理，处理完毕后进入电脱盐罐进行电脱盐。
超声波处理中超声波的声强为0.50-5.00w/cm 2，频率为19500Hz。
一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，包括原油输入管道19，原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置通过管路与超声波作用装置12相连，超声波作用装置12通过管路与电脱盐罐15相连，电脱盐罐15上部出料口与原油输出管道16相连。
进入超声波作用装置12之前的原油输入管道19上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置由静态混合器18与混合阀17串联组成。
本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置12进行超声处理，处理完毕后进入超声波电脱盐罐15进行电脱盐，符合要求后由原油输出管道输出。
本实施例6采用的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法与装置同实施例3，电脱盐罐为两级串联，两级串联的电脱盐罐分别采用4级并联的方式计入本发明的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，进行石油炼油厂的防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的工业应用试验。
如图1所示，流程图中工业应用试验各组件：本发明超声波作用装置12，防爆柜13，控制单元14，电脱盐罐15，原油输出管道16，混合阀17，静态混合器18，原油输入管道19。
某石化炼油厂为了解决高酸劣质达尔原油掺炼导致的电脱盐排水含油高、电脱盐电流高、脱盐原油不合格等生产问题，同时也为了1000万吨/年扩能到1300万吨/年，进而能够替代建造第三级电脱盐罐的技术方案，2013.5应用实施了本发明所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置的技术方案。
实施后达到理想的预期效果，排水水质大幅改善，电脱盐操作稳定性大幅提高，应用4年后2017.3大检修查勘罐底没有明显的油泥淤积，完全解决了电脱盐罐底油泥一年一清理的非正常停工作业问题，超声波声强0.50-5.00w/cm 2，频率19500Hz。
本实施例6所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置实施，具有显著的有益效果。
本发明的技术特征不限于实施例1-6所列举实例的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，其特征在于，原油混合后进入超声波作用装置，超声波作用装置内通过超声波作用区结构形成一种平行对射超声波与管道反射超声波的混合作用方式的超声波，超声波叠加实现驻波场效应，通过形成的驻波场以及超声波传播的无死角覆盖与无限延伸的作用对混合后原油超声处理，处理完毕后进入电脱盐罐进行电脱盐。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，其特征在于，超声波处理中超声波的声强为0.03-10w/cm 2，频率为10kHz-200kHz。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，其特征在于，超声波作用装置(12)包括超声波作用区和超声波换能器(6)，超声波作用区是中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构，管道式结构两端分别设置相同的超声波换能器(6)，两个超声波换能器(6)的发射面为圆型平面，圆型平面轴向同心，相互平行，对向设置，发射面与管道式结构的中心线垂直；两个超声波换能器(6)产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的均匀的平行对射超声波(10)，平行对射超声波(10)易于产生驻波场，两个超声波换能器(6)产生的经过管道式结构的管壁反射的非均匀的管道反射超声波(9)，形成平行对射超声波(10)与管道反射超声波(9)的混合作用方式。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，其特征在于，所述的中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构与两端安装的超声波换能器(6)，以管道中轴线垂直的中垂线为对称轴呈两边对称性结构；中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构包括两头的大直径直管段(1)和中间的小直径直管段(4)，大直径直管段(1)和小直径直管段(4)通过过渡斜管(3)连接，两头的大直径直管段(1)上分别设置物料进口(2)和物料出口(5)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，其特征在于，两个超声波换能器(6)发射面的圆面直径相等，圆面直径大于中间的小直径直管段(4)的直径，超声波换能器(6)设置有冷却液夹套(7)和显示控制回路(8)，冷却液夹套(7)内设有冷却液，冷却液的冷却方式是循环水冷却方式或散热式非循环的冷却方式中的一种；显示控制回路(8)与超声波发生器连接通讯，超声波发生器控制超声波换能器(6)，超声波发生器置于防爆柜(13)中。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，其特征在于，置于防爆柜(13)中的超声波发生器与控制单元(14)连接，控制单元的控制方式是DCS集中控制、PLC通讯控制或现场手动控制中的一种方式。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，其特征在于，对射的超声波换能器(6)产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的平行对射超声波(10)，是指与对射的两个超声波换能器(6)相连接的两个超声波发生器采集同一频率进行功率放大所产生的超声波；通过超声波作用区小直径直管段(4)区域的圆型发射面发射的对射的超声波，形成频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的平行对射超声波(10)；超声波作用区大直径直管段(1)与小直径直管段(4)，大小直径的变径采用同心异径大小头连接，通过同心异径大小头的斜面反射的对射的超声波经管道反射后反复改变传播方向形成与平行对射超声波(10)传播方向不一致的交织的管道反射超声波(9)。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的方法，其特征在于，小直径直管段(4)与大直径直管段(1)的变径采用的同心异径大小头的过渡斜管(3)的斜面与直管段夹角小于45°时，管道反射超声波(9)穿越小直径直管段(4)，沿物料进口(2)、物料出口(5)管道无限延伸，流体区域无死角覆盖；夹角大于45°时，管道反射超声波(9)在大直径直管段(1)内闭环传播，沿物料进口(2)、物料出口(5)管道无限延伸，流体区域无死角覆盖；夹角等于45°时，斜面反射的超声波只在大直径直管段(1)内闭环传播，作用区形成双驻波现象。
  9. 一种权利要求1所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，其特征在于，包括原油输入管道(19)，原油输入管道(19)上设置原油混合装置，原油混合装置通过管路与超声波作用装置(12)相连，超声波作用装置(12)通过管路与电脱盐罐(15)相连，电脱盐罐(15)上部出料口与原油输出管道(16)相连。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的超声波防止电脱盐罐油泥淤积的装置，其特征在于，超声波作用装置(12)包括超声波作用区和超声波换能器(6)，超声波作用区是中间小两头大的哑铃型管道式结构，管道式结构两端分别设置相同的超声波换能器(6)，两个超声波换能器(6)的发射面为圆型平面，圆型平面轴向同心，相互平行，对向设置，发射面与管道式结构的中心线垂直；两个超声波换能器(6)产生频率相同、振动方向相同、传播方向相反的均匀的平行对射超声波(10)，平行对射超声波(10)易于产生驻波场，两个超声波换能器(6)产生的经过管道式结构的管壁反射的非均匀的管道反射超声波(9)，形成平行对射超声波(10)与管道反射超声波(9)的混合作用方式。
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