WO2020237965A1 - 一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚 - Google Patents

一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020237965A1
WO2020237965A1 PCT/CN2019/110651 CN2019110651W WO2020237965A1 WO 2020237965 A1 WO2020237965 A1 WO 2020237965A1 CN 2019110651 W CN2019110651 W CN 2019110651W WO 2020237965 A1 WO2020237965 A1 WO 2020237965A1
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Prior art keywords
anchor
suction anchor
suction
skirt
spiral
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/110651
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
国振
芮圣洁
王立忠
李玲玲
张皓杰
朱从博
窦玉喆
李雨杰
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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Priority to US16/766,283 priority Critical patent/US11773561B2/en
Publication of WO2020237965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020237965A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
    • E02D5/32—Prefabricated piles with arrangements for setting or assisting in setting in position by fluid jets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/801—Ground anchors driven by screwing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0053—Production methods using suction or vacuum techniques
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
    • E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combined suction anchor, in particular to a combined suction anchor reinforced by a grouting spiral anchor.
  • Suction anchors have the characteristics of simple construction, safety, reliability, and reusability. Compared with traditional structural piles, gravity anchors, and chain anchors, they have better economic characteristics. However, in actual engineering, suction anchors often fail when they are subjected to large vertical pulling forces and horizontal forces. Therefore, the improvement of suction anchors has also been engaged by researchers for a long time.
  • the Chinese patent with application number 201810382104 introduces a deep-sea inner ring type submarine suction anchor and its installation method.
  • the suction anchor includes a main suction bucket.
  • the main suction bucket is a bucket-shaped structure with an open bottom and a closed top.
  • a number of hollow annular protrusions are arranged on the inner wall of the main suction barrel at equal intervals along the axial direction.
  • the inner wall of the main suction barrel and the side wall of the hollow annular protrusion form a barbed structure.
  • the top center and the top edge of the main suction barrel are arranged with drainage holes.
  • this patent does not substantially improve the overturning resistance of the suction anchor.
  • the Chinese patent with application number 201820207173.4 introduces a kind of anti-plug suction anchor, which includes a suction anchor body.
  • the side wall of the suction anchor body is evenly distributed with lateral wing tubes, but the main tube of this patent is connected with multiple side tubes After being integrated, the integrity is not strong, and it is difficult to exert the bearing capacity as a whole.
  • the Chinese patent with application number 201820206382.7 introduced a new type of suction anchor, including the shell of the anchor barrel, the top plate, and the negative pressure pump interface.
  • the three anchor barrels are formed by an arc plate to improve the pull-out bearing capacity of the suction anchor. .
  • the patent does not improve the anti-overturning bearing capacity.
  • the Chinese patent application number 201711253347.7 introduces a suction-type cylindrical foundation that can be rotated downward, including an anchor cylinder with a closed top surface and an open lower end, and a rotating power cylinder at the top of the anchor cylinder.
  • This patent significantly reduces suction Anchor penetration resistance, but the patent is difficult to install and the soil bearing capacity is reduced due to excessive disturbance to the soil due to the rotating installation.
  • the Chinese patent application number 201711253348.1 introduces a hollow threaded suction anchor that can be rotated by itself, including an anchor barrel with a closed top surface and an open lower end.
  • the top of the anchor barrel is provided with a drainage hole, which is connected to the submersible pump I ,
  • the combination of suction and rotation reduces the penetration resistance and improves the installation efficiency, but the patent fails to improve the overturning resistance of the suction anchor when it is pulled diagonally above the anchor chain.
  • the Chinese patent application number 201720217185.0 introduces a new type of subsea skirt suction anchor, including a suction main barrel with the same central axis, a double skirt structure and an annular groove.
  • the double skirt structure is composed of double skirts.
  • the outer skirt and the inner skirt surround the cylindrical structure of the main suction bucket, but the patented skirt structure has little effect on the bearing capacity.
  • the present invention proposes a combined suction anchor reinforced by a grouting spiral anchor.
  • the combined suction anchor uses high-strength bolts to combine the grouting spiral anchor and skirt anchor with the gravity suction anchor, thereby greatly improving the overall vertical and horizontal bearing capacity of the suction anchor. Anti-overturning bearing capacity, while improving the safety performance and engineering performance of the suction anchor.
  • a combined suction anchor reinforced by grouting spiral anchor including gravity suction anchor, L-shaped skirt, and spiral anchor;
  • the gravity type suction anchor is closed at the upper end and opened at the lower end, and includes a suction anchor top plate and a suction anchor cylinder wall.
  • a groove is formed between the suction anchor cylinder wall and the suction anchor top plate, and a concrete compact is arranged in the groove. Adopting concrete compacts can reach the set position faster during the self-weight penetration stage of the suction anchor;
  • the suction anchor top plate is also provided with a suction anchor negative pressure hole, and the upper end of the suction anchor negative pressure hole is provided with a suction anchor anchor eye;
  • the L-shaped skirt board is ring-shaped, and the upper part is provided with symmetrical skirt board lifting ears.
  • the L-shaped skirt board can be lifted to the outside of the suction anchor by the skirt board lifting ears and connected with the suction anchor.
  • the L-shaped skirt There are also rows of skirt anchors on the lower part of the board to improve the horizontal bearing capacity and pull-out bearing capacity of the suction anchor;
  • the spiral anchor includes a spiral anchor rod and a rotation stop plate arranged at the top of the spiral anchor rod.
  • the spiral anchor rod is vertically rotated and installed into the depth of the seabed through the skirt plate holes provided on the L-shaped skirt plate until it stops.
  • the rotary plate is in contact with the L-shaped skirt plate, and the concrete is grouted through the skirt plate holes to the seabed soil area loosened by the insertion of the spiral anchor rod. After the concrete is solidified, a high-strength concrete uplift zone is formed.
  • Gravity suction anchors, spiral anchor rods and skirt anchors provide vertical bearing capacity, horizontal bearing capacity and overturning resistance.
  • a lifting lug is further provided on the top plate of the suction anchor, and a vertical channel is arranged above the lifting lug. During the installation process, the steel cable hanging the lifting lug vertically passes through the vertical channel to ensure suction The anchor is always upright during installation.
  • the suction anchor and the L-shaped skirt are fixedly connected by high-strength bolts (bolt performance level greater than or equal to 9.8) to improve the overall vertical bearing capacity and lateral overturning resistance of the suction anchor.
  • the end of the L-shaped skirt board is provided with an anti-scouring side slope to prevent the suction anchor from bearing excessive lateral force during the working process.
  • top plate cylinder connectors which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction around the suction anchor and are located below the lifting lugs.
  • the concrete pressure is formed by pouring after the entire suction anchor top plate and the suction anchor cylinder wall are installed, so that the suction anchor can reach the designated position faster when it penetrates through its own weight.
  • spiral anchors which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the L-shaped skirt.
  • the entire suction anchor installation process of the device of the present invention is divided into three stages: the first stage, the gravity type suction anchor device is installed by its own weight and the suction is installed to a specified depth; the second stage, the L-shaped skirt and the suction anchor are fixed by bolts Phase connection; In the third stage, the spiral anchor rod is installed and grouted to form an anti-pull reinforcement area.
  • the installation process specifically includes the following steps:
  • the first stage of the installation of the suction anchor is the penetration installation through the suction anchor's own weight and the concrete compact. Then apply negative pressure through the suction anchor negative pressure hole until the suction anchor reaches the designated installation position. At the same time, the concrete pressure block can play a role in resisting pulling when the suction anchor is subjected to a vertical pulling force, which improves the safety performance of the suction anchor during use.
  • the annular L-shaped skirt plate is moved and installed by the skirt plate lifting lugs and is sleeved on the outside of the suction anchor cylinder and covered on the seabed surface. After that, high-strength bolts are used to connect and fix the suction anchor and the annular L-shaped anchor plate together.
  • the spiral anchor rod is passed through the pre-set skirt plate holes, and the spiral anchor rod is vertically rotated and installed into the seabed soil until the anti-rotation plate contacts the anchor plate.
  • the concrete is grouted through the apron holes and gradually fills the entire grouting area.
  • the concrete forms a concrete reinforcement area in the soil formed by the penetration of the anchor rod, which greatly improves the overall pull-out bearing capacity of the suction anchor.
  • the spiral anchor rod and the L-shaped skirt board are connected by the concrete poured in the skirt board holes to maintain the integrity.
  • a concrete compact is added to the upper part of the suction anchor to ensure that the suction anchor can penetrate into the seabed more quickly during the previous self-weight penetration process.
  • the L-shaped skirt board and the suction anchor in the device of the present invention are fixed and connected by high-strength bolts to form a whole, and jointly bear the external force.
  • the present invention is subjected to a horizontal external force, it is less likely to be deflected.
  • Figure 1 is the first stage of installation of the combined suction anchor of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is the second stage of installation of the combined suction anchor of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is the third stage of installation of the combined suction anchor of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the combined suction anchor of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a detailed view of the reinforced area of the combined suction anchor spiral bolt of the present invention.
  • 1 is the wall of the suction anchor cylinder
  • 2 is the lifting lug
  • 3 is the vertical channel
  • 4 is the concrete block
  • 5 is the suction anchor negative pressure hole
  • 6 is the L-shaped skirt board
  • 7 is the skirt board hole
  • 8 is High-strength bolts
  • 9 is a concrete reinforcement zone
  • 10 is a spiral anchor
  • 11 is a stop plate
  • 12 is a spiral anchor
  • 13 is a suction anchor top plate
  • 14 is a top plate cylinder connector
  • 15 is a skirt anchor
  • 16 is an anti-scouring On the side slope
  • 17 is a skirting lug
  • 18 is a grouting fixing hole
  • 19 is a suction anchor hole.
  • a combined suction anchor reinforced by a grouting spiral anchor including a gravity suction anchor, an L-shaped skirt plate 6, and a spiral anchor 10.
  • the gravity suction anchor is composed of a suction anchor top plate 13 and a suction anchor cylinder wall 1.
  • a concrete compact 4 is used to reach the estimated set position faster during the self-weight penetration stage of the suction anchor.
  • the L-shaped skirt board 6 is hoisted to the outside of the suction anchor through the skirt board lifting lugs 17, and the skirt board fixing bolts are used to connect the L-shaped skirt board 6 and the suction anchor.
  • the spiral anchor rod 12 penetrates the prefabricated skirt plate hole 7 on the L-shaped skirt plate 6 and penetrates into the depth of the seabed, and grouting the concrete through the skirt plate hole 7 to the seabed soil area loosened by the insertion of the spiral anchor rod 12, waiting for the concrete After solidification, a high-strength concrete pull-out zone is formed.
  • the gravity suction anchor, the spiral anchor 12 and the skirt anchor 15 jointly provide the vertical bearing capacity, the horizontal bearing capacity and the overturning resistance bearing capacity.
  • the whole installation process of the suction anchor device is divided into three stages: the first stage, the suction anchor device is installed by its own weight and the suction is installed to a specified depth; the second stage, the L-shaped skirt 6 and the suction anchor are fixedly connected by high-strength bolts 8; In the third stage, the screw bolt 12 is installed and grouted to form an anti-pull reinforcement area.
  • the annular L-shaped skirt plate 6 movably installed by the skirt plate lifting lugs 17 is sleeved on the outside of the suction anchor cylinder wall 1 and covers the surface of the sea bed.
  • high-strength bolts 8 are used to connect and fix the suction anchor and the annular L-shaped skirt plate 6 together to improve the overall vertical bearing capacity and lateral anti-overturning capacity of the suction anchor.
  • the end of the L-shaped skirt board 6 is provided with an anti-scouring side slope 16 to prevent the suction anchor from bearing excessive lateral force during the working process.
  • the arrangement of multiple rows of annular skirt anchors 15 can improve the horizontal bearing capacity and the pull-out bearing capacity of the suction anchor.
  • the spiral anchor rod 12 is vertically rotated and installed into the seabed soil through the pre-set skirt hole 7 until the rotation stop plate 11 contacts the L-shaped skirt board 6.
  • the concrete is grouted through the skirt plate holes 7 until the concrete fills the entire grouting area, and the concrete forms a concrete reinforced area 9 in the soil formed by the penetration of the spiral anchor 12, which greatly improves the overall pull-out bearing capacity of the suction anchor force.
  • the spiral anchor 12 and the L-shaped skirt board 6 are connected by the concrete poured in the skirt board hole 7 to maintain the integrity.
  • the suction anchor itself is composed of two parts as a whole: the suction anchor top plate 13 and the suction anchor cylinder wall 1, and the two parts are connected by the top plate cylinder connector 14 to form a whole.
  • the concrete compact 4 is formed by pouring after the entire suction anchor top plate 13 and the suction anchor cylinder wall 1 are installed, and is used to reach the designated position faster when the suction anchor penetrates through its own weight. At the same time, the concrete compact 4 can play the role of pulling out when the suction anchor is subjected to a vertical pulling force, which improves the safety performance of the suction anchor during use.
  • the L-shaped skirt board 6 is installed to the outside of the suction anchor, and the suction anchor and the L-shaped skirt board 6 are fixedly connected by high-strength bolts 8.
  • the spiral anchor rod passes through the skirt plate hole 7 reserved on the L-shaped skirt plate 6, and is rotated and installed to penetrate the seabed soil. During the penetration process, it remains vertical until the rotation stop plate 11 and the L-shaped skirt plate 6 Stop screwing in when touching.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，包括重力式吸力锚、L型裙板、螺旋锚。本装置所采用的重力式吸力锚由吸力锚顶板和吸力锚筒体壁组成，同时采用混凝土压块在吸力锚自重贯入阶段更快的达到预估设定位置。之后，L型裙板通过吊耳起吊至吸力锚外侧并采用裙板固定螺栓将L型裙板和吸力锚相连接。螺旋锚杆穿过L型裙板上预制的裙板孔眼贯入海床深处，将混凝土通过裙板孔眼灌浆至因螺旋锚杆插入而松动的海床土体区域，待混凝土凝固后形成混凝土加强区。本发明中通过将注浆螺旋锚和裙边锚与重力式吸力锚相组合，提高了吸力锚竖向、水平承载力和抗倾覆承载力，同时提升了吸力锚的安全性能和工程使用性能。

Description

一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚 技术领域
本发明涉及一种组合式吸力锚，特别涉及一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚。
背景技术
随着全球能源日益短缺，开发利用新能源已受到世界各国的广泛重视，其中海洋风能作为一种新型无污染、可再生的绿色能源，对全球的社会的可持续发展有着重要意义，因此海上风电如雨后春笋般快速发展，吸力锚作为海洋基础形式有着适应多种海洋环境的特点。
吸力锚具有施工简单、安全可靠、可重复利用的特点，与传统的结构桩、重力锚、链锚相比，有着更好的经济特性。但在实际工程中，吸力锚在承受较大的竖向拉拔力和水平作用力时经常出现吸力锚失效的现象。因此，吸力锚的改进工作也一直有学者长期从事。
相关研究现状如下所示：
(1)申请号为201810382104的中国专利介绍了一种深海内环式海底吸力锚及其安装方法，该吸力锚包括吸力主桶，所述吸力主桶为底部敞开，顶端封闭的桶型结构，吸力主桶内壁沿轴向等间距布置若干空心环形凸起，吸力主桶内壁与空心环形凸起的侧壁形成倒钩状结构，吸力主桶的顶部中心和顶部边缘布置排水孔。但该专利并没有实质上的提高吸力锚的抗倾覆承载力。
(2)申请号为201820207173.4的中国专利介绍了一种防土塞吸力锚，包括吸力锚主体，吸力锚主体侧壁周围均匀分布有侧向翼筒，但该专利主筒与多个侧筒连接为一体后整体性不强，难以作为整体发挥承载力。
(3)申请号为201820206382.7的中国专利介绍了一种新型吸力锚，包括锚筒外壳、顶板、负压泵接口，采用弧板将三个锚筒形成整体，能够提高吸力锚的抗拔承载力。但该专利在抗倾覆承载力方面并没有提高。
(4)申请号为201711253347.7的中国专利介绍了一种能旋转下贯的吸力式筒型基础，包括顶面封闭、下端开口的锚筒，锚筒顶端的旋转动力筒，该专利明显减小吸力锚下贯阻力，但该专利安装困难且由于旋转安装对土体扰动过大降低土体承载力。
(5)申请号为201711253348.1的中国专利介绍了可自身旋转下贯的空心螺纹吸力锚，包括顶面封闭、下端开口的锚筒，锚筒的顶端设有排水孔，排水孔与潜水泵Ⅰ连接，将吸力、旋转相结合减小了下贯阻力，提高了安装效率，但该专利未能提高吸力锚在面对锚链斜上方拉拽时的抗倾覆承载力。
(6)申请号为201720217185.0的中国专利介绍了一种新型海底裙式吸力锚，包括同中心轴的吸力主桶、双裙式结构和环形凹槽，双裙式结构是由双层裙边即外裙边和内裙边环绕在吸力主桶外围的圆筒形结构，但该专利的裙式结构对于承载力的发挥作用不大。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，提出了一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚。该组合式吸力锚在传统吸力锚安装安成后，采用高强度螺栓将注浆螺旋锚和裙边锚与重力式吸力锚相组合，从而大大提高了吸力锚整体的竖向、水平承载力和抗倾覆承载力，同时提升了吸力锚的安全性能和工程使用性能。
本发明采取以下技术方案：
一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，包括重力式吸力锚、L型裙板、螺旋锚；
所述的重力式吸力锚上端封闭，下端开口，包括吸力锚顶板和吸力锚筒体壁，所述的吸力锚筒体壁与吸力锚顶板之间形成凹槽，凹槽内有混凝土压块，采用混凝土压块在吸力锚自重贯入阶段能够更快的达到设定位置；所述的吸力锚顶板上还设置有吸力锚负压孔，所述的吸力锚负压孔上端设置有吸力锚锚眼；
所述的L型裙板为环形，其上部设置有对称的裙板吊耳，所述的L型裙板可通过裙板吊耳起吊至吸力锚外侧并与吸力锚连接，所述L型裙板下部还设置有多排裙边锚，用于提高吸力锚的水平向承载能力和抗拔承载力；
所述的螺旋锚包括螺旋锚杆以及设置于螺旋锚杆顶端的止旋板，所述的螺旋锚杆通过L型裙板上设置的裙板孔眼竖向旋转安装贯入海床深处，直至止旋板与L形裙板接触，将混凝土通过裙板孔眼灌浆至因螺旋锚杆插入而松动的海床土体区域，待混凝土凝固后形成高强 度的混凝土抗拔区。重力式吸力锚、螺旋锚杆以及裙边锚共同提供竖向承载力、水平承载力和抗倾覆承载力。
上述技术方案中，优选的，所述的吸力锚顶板上还设置有吊耳，吊耳上方设置有竖直通道，在安装的过程中悬挂吊耳的钢索竖向穿过竖直通道保证吸力锚在安装过程中始终保持竖直。
优选的，所述的吸力锚和L型裙板之间采用高强度螺栓(螺栓性能等级大于等于9.8级)固定连接，以提高吸力锚整体的竖向承载力和侧向抗倾覆能力。
优选的，所述的L形裙板的端部设置有防冲刷边坡，避免吸力锚在工作过程中承受过大的横向作用力。
优选的，所述的顶板筒体连接件共四个，沿吸力锚周围环向均匀分布，位于吊耳的下方。
优选的，所述的混凝土压是在整个吸力锚顶板和吸力锚筒体壁安装完成后浇筑形成，用于吸力锚通过自重贯入时能够更快的到达指定位置。
优选的，所述的螺旋锚共八个，沿L形裙板环向均匀分布。
本发明装置的整个吸力锚装置安装过程分为三个阶段：第一阶段，重力式吸力锚装置通过自重安装以及吸力安装至指定深度；第二阶段，将L型裙板以及吸力锚通过螺栓固定相连接；第三阶段，螺旋锚杆安装并灌浆固定形成抗拔加强区域。安装过程具体包括以下步骤：
(1)吸力锚安装的第一个阶段，通过吸力锚自重以及混凝土压块进行贯入安装。之后再通过吸力锚负压孔施加负压，直至吸力锚到 达指定安装位置。同时，混凝土压块在吸力锚受到竖向拉拔力时能够起到抗拉拔的作用，提高了吸力锚在使用过程中的安全性能。
(2)吸力锚第二个安装阶段，通过裙板吊耳移动安装的环形L型裙板套在吸力锚筒体的外部并覆在海床表面上。之后，采用高强度螺栓将吸力锚和环形L型锚板连接固定在一起。
(3)吸力锚的第三个安装阶段，将螺旋锚杆通过预先设置的裙板孔眼，螺旋锚杆竖向旋转安装贯入海床土体中，直至止旋板与锚板接触。之后混凝土通过裙板孔眼进行灌浆，逐渐充满整个灌浆区，混凝土在因锚杆贯入而形成裂隙的土体中形成混凝土加强区，大大提高了吸力锚整体的抗拔承载力。此外，螺旋锚杆与L形裙板通过裙板孔眼内浇灌的混凝土固结而连接，保持一体性。
本发明具有以下优点：
1.本发明装置中吸力锚上部增加混凝土压块，保障吸力锚在以往自重贯入的过程中可以更加快速的贯入海床内部。
2.本发明装置中的L型裙板与吸力锚采用高强度螺栓固定连接形成一个整体，共同承担外力作用。在本发明受到水平外力作用时，更不易产生偏斜。
3.在本发明装置中，将混凝土浇灌至螺旋锚杆插入区域形成加强区，加强区能够显著提高吸力锚的抗拉承载力。
附图说明
图1为本发明的组合式吸力锚安装第一阶段；
图2为本发明的组合式吸力锚安装第二阶段；
图3为本发明的组合式吸力锚安装第三阶段；
图4为本发明的组合式吸力锚的俯视图；
图5为本发明的组合式吸力锚螺旋锚杆加强区细部图；
其中，1为吸力锚筒体壁、2为吊耳、3为竖直通道、4为混凝土压块、5为吸力锚负压孔、6为L型裙板、7为裙板孔眼、8为高强度螺栓、9为混凝土加强区、10为螺旋锚、11为止旋板、12为螺旋锚杆、13为吸力锚顶板、14为顶板筒体连接件、15为裙边锚、16为防冲刷边坡、17为裙板吊耳、18为灌浆固定孔、19为吸力锚锚眼。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明：
一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，包括重力式吸力锚、L型裙板6、螺旋锚10。
重力式吸力锚由吸力锚顶板13和吸力锚筒体壁1组成，同时采用混凝土压块4在吸力锚自重贯入阶段更快的达到预估设定位置。之后，L型裙板6通过裙板吊耳17起吊至吸力锚外侧并采用裙板固定螺栓将L型裙板6和吸力锚相连接。螺旋锚杆12穿过L型裙板6上预制的裙板孔眼7贯入海床深处，将混凝土通过裙板孔眼7灌浆至因螺旋锚杆12插入而松动的海床土体区域，待混凝土凝固后形成高强度的混凝土抗拔区。重力式吸力锚、螺旋锚杆12以及裙边锚15共同提供竖向承载力、水平承载力和抗倾覆承载力。
具体的，如图1-5所示，一种具体实施例如下：
整个吸力锚装置安装过程分为三个阶段：第一阶段，吸力锚装置通过自重安装以及吸力安装至指定深度；第二阶段，将L型裙板6以及吸力锚通过高强度螺栓8固定连接；第三阶段，螺旋锚杆12安装并灌浆固定形成抗拔加强区域。
吸力锚安装的第一阶段，通过吸力锚自重以及混凝土压块4进行贯入安装。同时在安装的过程中悬挂吊耳2的钢索竖向穿过竖直通道3保证吸力锚在安装过程中始终保持竖直。之后再通过吸力锚负压孔5施加负压，直至吸力锚到达指定安装位置。
吸力锚第二安装阶段，通过裙板吊耳17移动安装的环形L型裙板6套在吸力锚筒体壁1的外部并覆在海床表面上。之后，采用高强度螺栓8将吸力锚和环形L型裙板6连接固定在一起，以提高吸力锚整体的竖向承载力和侧向抗倾覆能力。L形裙板6的端部设置防冲刷边坡16，避免吸力锚在工作过程中承受过大的横向作用力。此外，多排环形裙边锚15的设置可以提高吸力锚的水平向承载能力和抗拔承载力。
吸力锚的第三安装阶段，将螺旋锚杆12通过预先设置的裙板孔眼7竖向旋转安装贯入海床土体中，直至止旋板11与L形裙板6接触。之后将混凝土通过裙板孔眼7进行灌浆，直至混凝土充满整个灌浆区，混凝土在因螺旋锚杆12贯入而形成裂隙的土体中形成混凝土加强区9，大大提高了吸力锚整体的抗拔承载力。此外，螺旋锚杆12 与L形裙板6通过裙板孔眼7内浇灌的混凝土固结而连接，保持一体性。
吸力锚本身整体由两部分组成：吸力锚顶板13以及吸力锚筒体壁1，并通过顶板筒体连接件14将两部分连接在一起形成整体。顶板筒体连接件14共四个，沿吸力锚周围环向均匀分布，位于吸力锚吊耳2的下方。螺旋锚10共八个，沿L形裙板6环向均匀分布。
混凝土压块4是在整个吸力锚顶板13和吸力锚筒体壁1安装完成后浇筑形成，用于在吸力锚通过自重贯入时能够更快的到达指定位置。同时，混凝土压块4在吸力锚受到竖向拉拔力时能够起到抗拉拔的作用，提高了吸力锚在使用过程中的安全性能。
下面以在软黏土中贯入本吸力锚为例，简述采用本发明上述实施例装置的一种具体试验过程：
1.通过吊耳2将吸力锚吊至指定安装位置，在自重和混凝土压块4作用下贯入海床，之后通过吸力锚负压孔5向吸力锚内部施加负压，使吸力锚安装至指定深度。
2.L形裙板6安装至吸力锚的外侧，并通过高强度螺栓8将吸力锚和L形裙板6固定连接。
3.螺旋锚杆穿过L形裙板6上预留的裙板孔眼7，并旋转安装贯入海床土体，在贯入过程中保持竖直，直至止旋板11与L形裙板6接触时停止旋入。
4.混凝土通过裙板孔眼7浇灌至螺旋锚杆12插入时形成的区域，使螺旋锚杆12与L形裙板6固定形成整体吸力锚， 养护过后形成混凝土加强区9，共同承担外力。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，其特征在于：包括重力式吸力锚、L型裙板(6)和螺旋锚(10)；
    所述的重力式吸力锚上端封闭，下端开口，包括吸力锚顶板(13)和吸力锚筒体壁(1)，所述的吸力锚筒体壁(1)与吸力锚顶板(13)之间形成凹槽，凹槽内有混凝土压块(4)；所述的吸力锚顶板(13)上还设置有吸力锚负压孔(5)，所述的吸力锚负压孔(5)上端设置有吸力锚锚眼(19)；
    所述的L型裙板(6)为环形，其上部设置有对称的裙板吊耳(17)，所述的裙板吊耳(17)用于起吊L型裙板(6)至吸力锚外侧并与吸力锚连接，所述L型裙板(6)下部还设置有多排裙边锚(15)，用于提高吸力锚的水平向承载能力和抗拔承载力；
    所述的螺旋锚(10)包括螺旋锚杆(12)以及设置于螺旋锚杆(12)顶端的止旋板(11)，所述的螺旋锚杆(12)通过L型裙板上设置的裙板孔眼(7)竖向旋转安装贯入海床土体中，直至止旋板(11)与L形裙板(6)接触，并通过裙板孔眼(7)浇筑混凝土从而形成混凝土加强区(9)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，其特征在于：所述的吸力锚顶板(13)上还设置有吊耳(2)，吊耳(2)上方设置有竖直通道(3)，用于保证吸力锚在安装过程中始终保持竖直。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，其特征在于：所述的吸力锚和L型裙板(6)之间采用高强度螺栓(8)固定连接，所述的高强度螺栓(8)的螺栓性能等级大于等于9.8级。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，其特征在于：所述的L形裙板(6)的端部设置有防冲刷边坡(16)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，其特征在于：所述的顶板筒体连接件(14)共四个，沿吸力锚周围环向均匀分布，位于吊耳(2)的下方。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，其特征在于：所述的混凝土压块(4)是在整个吸力锚顶板(13)和吸力锚筒体壁(1)安装完成后浇筑形成，用于吸力锚通过自重贯入时能够更快的到达指定位置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种采用注浆螺旋锚加固的组合式吸力锚，其特征在于：所述的螺旋锚(10)共八个，沿L形裙板(6)环向均匀分布。
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