WO2020237310A1 - Moteur électrique - Google Patents

Moteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020237310A1
WO2020237310A1 PCT/AU2020/050534 AU2020050534W WO2020237310A1 WO 2020237310 A1 WO2020237310 A1 WO 2020237310A1 AU 2020050534 W AU2020050534 W AU 2020050534W WO 2020237310 A1 WO2020237310 A1 WO 2020237310A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coils
rotor
magnets
motor
stator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2020/050534
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jordan Jenner
Original Assignee
Evolution Energy (Australia) Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2019901856A external-priority patent/AU2019901856A0/en
Application filed by Evolution Energy (Australia) Pty Ltd filed Critical Evolution Energy (Australia) Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2020237310A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020237310A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
    • H02K1/2795—Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2798—Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets where both axial sides of the stator face a rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
    • H02K1/2795—Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H02K11/215—Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
    • H02K29/08—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates, magneto-resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/03—Double rotor motors or generators, i.e. electromagnetic transmissions having double rotor with motor and generator functions, e.g. for electrical variable transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to an electric motor.
  • Electric motors are well known in the art. However, generally, it is desired to provide electric motors with one or more improved characteristics.
  • a motor comprising first and second rotors and a stator, wherein the first rotor comprises an arrangement of a plurality of first magnets and the second rotor comprises an arrangement of a plurality of second magnets, wherein each arrangement comprises a sequence of polarity changes, and wherein the first rotor is arranged facing the second rotor such that each first magnet faces a second magnet and sharing a shaft such that rotation of the first rotor and second rotor is synchronised, and wherein each first magnet has an opposite polarity to its respective opposing second magnet, and wherein the stator is located between the first rotor and the second rotor and comprises an arrangement a plurality of coils which are controllably energised complementary to the arrangement of magnets, wherein the rotors are enabled to rotate with respect to the magnets, wherein the coils of the stator are arranged such that, when energised, adjacent coils produce an opposing magnetic field, the motor further
  • a motor comprising first and second stators and a rotor, wherein the first stator comprises an arrangement of a plurality of first magnets and the second stator comprises an arrangement of a plurality of second magnets, wherein each arrangement comprises a sequence of polarity changes, and wherein the first stator is arranged facing the second stator such that each first magnet faces a second magnet, and wherein each first magnet has an opposite polarity to its respective opposing second magnet, and wherein the rotor is located between the first stator and the second stator and comprises an arrangement a plurality of coils which are controllably energised complementary to the arrangement of magnets, wherein the rotor is enabled to rotate with respect to the magnets, wherein the coils of the stators are arranged such that, when energised, adjacent coils produce an opposing magnetic field, the motor further comprising a control unit configured to receive feedback regarding a relative position of the rotor with respect to at least one stator, and
  • the magnets may be permanent magnets.
  • the coils are energised for less than 50% of a full rotation of the rotors.
  • the motor may have a duty cycle approximately 48:52.
  • the coils may be energised when a relative position of the first and second magnets with respect to the coils is such as to cause a rotational force in the selected direction.
  • the motor optionally further comprises an output configured to produce an output current generated by the coils when the coils are deenergised.
  • the output may be connected to an energy storage element.
  • the energy storage element may be configured to provide electrical energy to the coils for at least a portion of the cycle when the coils are energised.
  • a feedback unit configured to monitor a relative position of the rotor(s) with respect to the stator(s).
  • the feedback unit may comprise an arrangement of position magnets on a secondary rotor, said secondary rotor configured to rotate synchronously with the rotors or stators, and a Hall effect sensor configured to detect the presence or absence of a position magnet within a predefined proximity, and to communicate said detected presence or absence to the control unit.
  • the coils are connected in series.
  • a composite motor comprising a plurality of motors, each according to either of the above aspects.
  • a method of operating a motor including the steps of energising the coils when a relative position of the coils and magnets produces a rotational force in the selected direction and deenergising the coils at other times.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a motor according to an embodiment
  • Figure 2 shows a first rotor and a second rotor according to an embodiment
  • Figure 3 shows an arrangement of the first and second rotors and a stator, according to an embodiment
  • Figure 4 shows the stator according to an embodiment
  • Figure 5 shows a simplified circuit comprising the coils of the stator
  • Figure 6 shows an illustration of the duty cycle of the motor
  • Figure 7 shows a simplified schematic of the arrangement of motor, motor power supply, and control unit;
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a feedback unit;
  • Figure 9 shows a simplified schematic of the arrangement of motor, motor power supply, control unit, and output.
  • Figure 10 shows a simplified schematic of the arrangement of motor, motor power supply, control unit, and output connected to energy storage.
  • embodiments of the invention relate to a motor 10 controllable by a controller 11— in particular, the controller 11 is configured to control electrical power supplied to the motor 10. This relationship is shown schematically in the figure.
  • the motor includes a first rotor 20 and a second rotor 30, each comprising respective arrangements of permanent magnets 21 and 31.
  • Each rotor 20, 30 comprises a substantially circular disk 27, 37 having a thickness 24, 34, and a first side 28, 38 and a second side 29, 39 (respectively).
  • each disk is identical in size and shape— however, it is expected other dimensions can be utilised.
  • Figure 2 shows an arrangement of magnets 21, comprising magnets 21a, 21b, 21c, 2 Id, 21e, 2 If, 21g, and 21h.
  • each rotor 20, 30 comprises an equally spaced arrangement of eight magnets 2 la-2 lh and 3 la-3 lh.
  • the magnets 21, 31 may be permanent magnets and may comprise rare Earth magnets.
  • the magnets 21, 31 are arranged about the circumference of imaginary rings 22, 32, respectively (where each ring has the same radius). Generally, it is preferred that the magnets 21, 31 are located near the edge of the respective motor 20, 30. This may advantageously provide improved torque production.
  • the magnets 21, 31 are cylindrical magnets having a first polarity (herein“north” polarity) at one base of the cylinder and having a second, opposite, polarity (herein“south” polarity) at the opposite base. Other shapes of magnet 21, 31 are anticipated.
  • each magnet 21, 31 extends from one side 28 to the opposite side 29 of the respective rotor 27a, 27b.
  • first sides 28, 38 of each rotor 27a, 27b include exposed magnet 21, 31 surfaces.
  • exposed magnet surfaces for example, including a protective covering.
  • respective magnet forces represented as fields
  • Both arrangements of magnets 21, 31 comprise alternative polarities of the magnets 21, 31.
  • the magnets are arranged according to the following sequence (with respect to first surface 28):
  • the second rotor 30 includes, effectively, the same arrangement of its magnets 31, with respect to its first surface 38, as shown in the following table:
  • the two rotors 20, 30 are arranged facing one another (i.e. with respective first surfaces 28, 38 facing one another), such that each magnet 21, 31 is facing its respective magnet 31, 21 (e.g. magnet 21a is facing magnet 3 la, etc.). Therefore, in use, the opposing polarities face one another at each respective magnet position. It should be noted in the figure that rotor 20 shows its second side (which is of opposite polarity to that facing the second rotor 30).
  • stator 40 As shown in Figure 3, arranged between the two rotors 20, 30 is stator 40. The figure also exaggerates the typical distance between rotors 20, 30 and stator 40.
  • the stator 40 is fixed in position (e.g. with reference to a base to which it is mounted (not shown)) and the two rotors 20, 30 are rotatably mounted with respect to the stator 40.
  • the rotors 20, 30 are mounted to shaft 14 at a centre of the imaginary rings 22, 32 (not shown in this figure)— i.e., such that the respective magnets 21, 31 rotate about a common centre.
  • the two rotors 20, 30 are therefore fixed with respect to one another and rotate together.
  • the shaft 14 extends through aperture 43 of stator 40.
  • FIG 4 shows an embodiment of the stator 40.
  • the stator 40 comprises an arrangement of wire coils 41 (“coils 41”).
  • the stator 40 comprises a body 47 having a first side 48 and a second side 49.
  • the body 47 is sized such that the arrangement of coils 41 can mirror the arrangement of magnets 21, 31 of the two rotors 20, 30. That is, there are eight coils 41a-41h arranged around an imaginary ring 42 having the same radius as the rings 22, 32 of the rotors 20, 30.
  • the centres of the magnets 21, 31 and the coils 41 are arranged on the respective rings 22, 32, 42.
  • the coils 41 may have an inner diameter smaller than a corresponding diameter of the magnets 21, 31.
  • each coil 41 is connected in series, creating a single electrical circuit 50 between each of the coils 41.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of this circuit 50. This is also shown in Figure 4, where the coils are connected in series as shown.
  • Motor power supply 17 is a controllable power supply, as discussed below.
  • the coils 41 are arranged so that adjacent coils 41 create opposite magnetic fields when energised by motor power supply 17. Therefore, when energised (for example), the fields generated by the coils 41 can be considered to follow the pattern exemplified in the following table:
  • the illustrations show the relative positions of magnet 21a (with north pole facing the stator 40) and magnet 31a (with south pole facing the stator 40) with respect to coil 41a and coil 41b during a single duty cycle.
  • the pattern is repeated for each magnet 21, 31 with respect to each coil 41 during an entire rotation of the rotors 20, 30.
  • the coil 41a is arranged to generate a north field directed towards the first rotor 20 and a south field directed towards the second rotor 30— in order to show this, the coil is shown as a cylinder, and is labelled“N” and“S” when energised.
  • the magnets 21a and 31a are approaching coil 41b (which has opposite polarity to coil 41a), and are therefore being attracted to the coil 41b. Just before coil 41b is aligned with magnets 21a, 31a, the coil is deenergised—this is shown in position
  • the coils 41 are only energised when configured to repulse or attract magnets 21, 31 in a particular direction, and deenergised to avoid applying a force to the magnets 21, 31 in an opposite direction.
  • control unit 15 receives feedback from a feedback unit 16 as to a relative position of the rotors 20, 30 with respect to stator 40.
  • the voltage applied by the motor power supply 17 will be dependent on the application— larger motors 10 may draw higher currents and/or receive higher voltages than smaller motors.
  • feedback unit 16 comprises a Hall effect sensor 60 and an arrangement of permanent position indicator magnets 61 (“position magnets 61”) coupled to a secondary rotor 62.
  • Secondary rotor 62 is positioned on shaft 14 (shaft 14 is shown extending into the figure) and therefore configured for synchronised rotation with rotors 20, 30.
  • the Hall effect sensor 60 can be configured as a switch, producing a signal when a position magnet 61 is close and, optionally, a second signal when a position magnet 61 is not close— this can be represented as a logical TRUE when a position magnet 61 is close.
  • the position magnets 61 are selected with relatively low field strength— it is sufficient that the position magnet 61 strength and Hall sensor 60 sensitivity are selected to enable the described operation.
  • the output of the Hall effect sensor 60 is provided to the control unit 15.
  • the locations of the positions magnets 61 can be selected to reflect the duty cycle illustrated in Figure 6.
  • feedback unit 16 is envisaged.
  • an optical encoding may be utilised to enable determination of current motor position.
  • feedback unit 16 is configured for identifying relevant points in the duty cycle of the motor 10.
  • the motor power supply 17 provides an electrical power supply with fixed polarity— e.g. via positive terminal 71a and negative terminal 71b.
  • the motor power supply 17 can provide a DC supply (i.e. fixed voltage) or a variable DC supply (e.g. by providing full wave rectification of a mains AC supply). In the latter case, the voltage changes over time but the polarity of terminals 71a, 71b remains consistent. In the latter case, a smoothing capacitor can be provided in order to provide a more consistent voltage output of the motor power supply 17.
  • the motor power supply 17 is electrically coupled to control unit 15, which in turn is electrically coupled to the motor 10 (specifically, the coils 41 of the motor 15). Therefore, electrical power from the motor power supply 17 can be contra llably provided to coils 41 (via control unit 15)— for example, the control comprises an on (energised) state and an off (non-energised) state. Therefore, when on, coils 41 are receiving electrical power and generating magnetic fields due to the power supply from the motor power supply 17 . When off, the coils 41 are not receiving electrical power and therefore are not generating magnetic fields due to a power supplied from the motor power supply 17.
  • Figure 9 also shows output 74 and a diode 75 in series with the (or other suitable single current direction element) the two terminals 44a, 44b of the stator 40.
  • the diode 75 is arranged with its cathode end coupled to the output 74 and its anode end coupled to the control unit 15 and the motor 10.
  • the diode 75 can be, in an embodiment, a Zener diode.
  • the output 74 is coupled to an energy storage element 76.
  • this energy storage element 76 is a capacitor.
  • the energy storage element 76 is a battery. In either case, when the coils 41 are energised, there is no current flow towards the energy storage element 76— i.e., there is no charging current applied to the energy storage element 76.
  • the energy storage element 76 generally should be some element in which electrical energy can be converted into potential energy, and then reconverted into electrical energy.
  • the energy storage element 76 may store energy in the form of non-electrical potential energy such as in the form of pressure (e.g. of a gas).
  • electrical energy stored in the energy storage element 76 is enabled to flow through the coils 41 during an on portion of the duty cycle.
  • the voltage difference across energy storage element 76 (Vs) can be larger than the voltage supplied by motor power supply 17 (VM). Therefore, while Vs is greater than VM, current flow can be arranged to flow from the energy storage element 76 through the stator coils 41. Once Vs is below VM, current is arranged to flow from the motor power supply 17 through the coils 41.
  • output 74 may be connected to a load— i.e., one that uses the electrical energy generated by the coils 41 rather than storing it. This can have the advantage of directing energy stored within the coils 41 to generate work.
  • the motor 10 can be implemented at a scale of 1 to 50 kW (and lower) through to 1.2 MW (and higher).
  • several (i.e. two or more) motors 10 are arranged in a multi-motor assembly— the design is suitable for parallel arrangements where each pair of rotors 20, 30 and stator 40 share a common shaft 14.
  • the magnets 21, 31 of said rotor 20, 30 extend from one side of the rotor 20, 30 to the other, thereby enabling interaction with the stators 40 on either side of the rotor 20, 30.
  • the motor 10 can be constructed from known suitable materials. It may be preferred that the motor components (apart from magnets 21, 31) be formed of a non-ferromagnetic material.
  • first and second stators are provided, each having embedded magnets.
  • a rotor is provided between the two stators comprising an arrangement of coils.
  • the coils are connected, electrically, in series and arranged with alternating polarity, as per the embodiments described herein.
  • the magnets of the first stator 80 are arranged in a pattern of alternating polarity and the magnets of the second stator 81 are also arranged in a pattern of alternating polarity.
  • the stators face one another such that the facing surface of each magnet of the first stator has a different polarity to the facing surface of its corresponding magnet of the second stator.
  • the variation simply swaps the rotors 20, 30 for stators and the stator 40 for a rotor.
  • Known arrangements for providing current to the coils on the rotating rotor can be used— for example, using a commutator.
  • the magnets 21, 31 can be shaped such as to extend from near the edge of the respective rotor 20, 30 towards its centre— for example, the magnets 21, 31 may be substantially wedge-shaped. This variation may advantageously increase the magnetised portion of the rotor 20, 30 surfaces and therefore the magnetic interaction with the coils 21, 31.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur comprenant des premier et second rotors et un stator, le premier rotor comprenant un agencement d'une pluralité de premiers aimants et le second rotor comprenant un agencement d'une pluralité de seconds aimants, chaque agencement comprenant une séquence de changements de polarité, et le premier rotor étant placé face au second rotor de telle sorte que chaque premier aimant fait face à un second aimant et partageant un arbre de telle sorte que la rotation du premier rotor et du second rotor est synchronisée, et chaque premier aimant ayant une polarité opposée à son second aimant opposé respectif, et le stator étant situé entre le premier rotor et le second rotor et comprenant un agencement d'une pluralité de bobines, qui sont excitées de manière contrôlable, complémentaires de l'agencement d'aimants, les rotors pouvant tourner par rapport aux aimants, les bobines du stator étant agencées de telle sorte que, lorsqu'elles sont excitées, des bobines adjacentes produisent un champ magnétique opposé, le moteur comprenant en outre une unité de commande conçue pour recevoir une rétroaction concernant une position relative des rotors par rapport au stator, et pour commander l'excitation des bobines de manière à produire une force de rotation sur les rotors dans une direction sélectionnée.
PCT/AU2020/050534 2019-05-29 2020-05-28 Moteur électrique WO2020237310A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2019901856 2019-05-29
AU2019901856A AU2019901856A0 (en) 2019-05-29 Electric motor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020237310A1 true WO2020237310A1 (fr) 2020-12-03

Family

ID=73551882

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2020/050534 WO2020237310A1 (fr) 2019-05-29 2020-05-28 Moteur électrique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2020237310A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999065133A1 (fr) * 1998-06-10 1999-12-16 Smith Technology Development Llc Machine electrique a champ axial
WO2008014112A2 (fr) * 2006-07-26 2008-01-31 Palmer Robert A Moteur électrique
WO2014089613A1 (fr) * 2012-12-10 2014-06-19 Axiflux Holdings Pty Ltd Moteur électrique/génératrice avec un différentiel intégré

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999065133A1 (fr) * 1998-06-10 1999-12-16 Smith Technology Development Llc Machine electrique a champ axial
WO2008014112A2 (fr) * 2006-07-26 2008-01-31 Palmer Robert A Moteur électrique
WO2014089613A1 (fr) * 2012-12-10 2014-06-19 Axiflux Holdings Pty Ltd Moteur électrique/génératrice avec un différentiel intégré

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