WO2020234818A1 - De-coring machine for foundry castings with rotating housing for foundry castings and related method for de-coring foundry castings - Google Patents

De-coring machine for foundry castings with rotating housing for foundry castings and related method for de-coring foundry castings Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020234818A1
WO2020234818A1 PCT/IB2020/054819 IB2020054819W WO2020234818A1 WO 2020234818 A1 WO2020234818 A1 WO 2020234818A1 IB 2020054819 W IB2020054819 W IB 2020054819W WO 2020234818 A1 WO2020234818 A1 WO 2020234818A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
coring
machine
power
sleeve
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Application number
PCT/IB2020/054819
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Fabrizio LERDA
Original Assignee
O.M.Ler S.R.L.
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Publication date
Application filed by O.M.Ler S.R.L. filed Critical O.M.Ler S.R.L.
Publication of WO2020234818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020234818A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
    • B22D29/001—Removing cores
    • B22D29/005—Removing cores by vibrating or hammering

Definitions

  • TITLE DE-CORING MACHINE FOR FOUNDRY CASTINGS WITH ROTATING
  • the present invention relates to a machine for de-coring foundry castings, which comprises a housing, in which said foundry castings are positioned for de-coring, and which is adapted to continuously rotate about an axis in both directions of rotation.
  • said housing being adapted to make more than one turn about said axis, and therefore able to make rotations about said axis by angles that are multiples and submultiples of 360°.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for de-coring foundry castings, wherein the foundry castings are rotated by at least 360° to improve the removal of residues, in particular sand, from the foundry casting.
  • de-coring machines which are used for de-coring one or more foundry castings.
  • document EP2440348 describes a de-coring machine for removing residual moulding material from foundry castings, which has a fork-shaped frame defined by a base member and two shoulders located at opposite ends of a plane of symmetry of the frame and defining a housing for at least two foundry castings to be de-cored.
  • the machine comprises two motors mounted on the frame, which are adapted to rotate in phase opposition to each other about a vertical axis of rotation lying in a plane of symmetry, so as to impart a vibratory movement to the frame in a given direction.
  • Patent document EP1995002 discloses a vibrating machine for removing sand from a hollow foundry casting.
  • Such machine comprises a rotating drum which holds the foundry casting, and is mounted in a frame.
  • the foundry casting is hammered to loosen the sand and is then turned into a position where the sand can fall down.
  • This machine can rotate the drum as the frame continues to vibrate, driven by a vibrating motor.
  • Patent application WO2016164955 discloses a de-coring machine that comprises a first machine frame, a machine table movable in relation to the machine frame for clamping a foundry casting, two eccentric masses driven in opposite directions and mounted on the machine table, as well as a drive motor arranged on the machine frame.
  • a twisting torque is transferred from at least one drive motor to the two eccentric masses and is guided in such a way that said torque is supplied to the machine frame and to the machine table, guided via at least one belt leading to each eccentric mass.
  • Patent application WO2018152559 discloses an apparatus and a method for de-coring foundry castings, wherein the apparatus includes at least one hydraulic hammer and the method envisages the use of a hydraulic hammer for de-coring the foundry casting.
  • the power or transmission means adapted to supply power to the de-coring hammers or the eccentric masses do not allow the housings whereon the foundry castings are positioned to rotate by more than 270° in both directions of rotation .
  • the present invention intends to solve all the above- mentioned problems suffered by the prior art, and many other problems as well, by providing a de-coring machine with at least one housing for foundry castings, which is adapted to continuously rotate about an axis in at least one direction of rotation, preferably in both directions.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to a de- coring machine having the features set out in the appended claim 1.
  • a further aspect of the present invention relates to a method for de-coring foundry castings having the features set out in the appended claim 14.
  • Figures 1A and IB show different views of a de- coring machine according to the present invention; in particular: Figure 1A shows an axonometric view of the de- coring machine; Figure IB shows a top view of the machine of Figure 1A;
  • Figures 2A and 2B show different views of a portion of the de-coring machine of Figure 1A according to the present invention, from which the housings for foundry castings and the damping systems have been removed; in particular: Figure 2A shows a side view of the machine; Figure 2B shows a top view of the machine;
  • Figures 3A and 3B, 3C show different views of the shaft of the de-coring machine according to the present invention; in particular: Figure 3A shows a side view of the shaft; Figure 3B shows the shaft in a sectional view relative to the plane 3B-3B; Figure 3C shows an axonometric view of the sectioned shaft of Figure 3B;
  • Figure 4 shows a detail of the shaft illustrated in Figure 3B, highlighting a first power portion with first ducts, a conduction portion with connection ducts, and a second power portion with second ducts;
  • Figure 5 shows another detail of the sectioned shaft of Figure 3B, where it is possible to see the support portion whereon rolling means operate.
  • reference numeral 2 designates as a whole the de-coring machine for foundry castings "P".
  • De-coring machine 2 according to the present invention is particularly suitable for de-coring foundry castings "P", in particular castings having at least one hollow portion.
  • Machine 2 according to the present invention comprises: a support frame 3; one or more housings 4, in each one of which one or more foundry castings "P” can be positioned and suitably retained. In fact, depending on the dimensions of foundry casting "P" to be de-cored, it will be possible to house one or more foundry castings "P” into a single housing 4.
  • Machine 2 according to the present invention comprises a shaft 5. Said shaft 5 is rotatably driven by at least one motor "M” .
  • Said shaft 5 is suitably supported by said support frame
  • Machine 2 according to the present invention comprises one or more de-coring hammers 6.
  • Said de-coring hammers 6 are adapted to selectively act upon one or more foundry castings "P", the latter being conveniently positioned in one or more housings 4.
  • the number of de-coring hammers 6 is proportional to the number of housings 4 comprised in said machine 2 and/or to the size and/or number of foundry castings "P" that can be housed in each housing 4.
  • Machine 2 comprises one or more power circuits 7.
  • Said power circuit 7 is conveniently designed to supply power to de-coring hammers 6. Depending on the technology implemented for making said de-coring hammers 6, said power circuit 7 will be designed and implemented accordingly.
  • said de-coring hammers 6 may be powered by pneumatic, hydraulic and/or electric circuits.
  • said one or more housings 4 are suitably connected to said shaft 5, rotating integrally therewith.
  • said shaft 5 comprises a first power portion 52, a second power portion 56 and a conduction portion 54 interposed between said first power portion 52 and said second power portion 56.
  • At least one first duct 72 of power circuit 7 is at least partly formed.
  • At least one power source is adapted to be connected .
  • At least one or more second ducts 76 of power circuit 7 are at least partly formed.
  • To said second duct 76 one or more of said de-coring hammers 6 are adapted to be connected.
  • connection ducts 74 are formed in said conduction portion 54, interposed between said first power portion 52 and said second power portion 56. Said connection ducts 74 are adapted to put said at least one first duct 72 in communication with said one or more second ducts 76.
  • said first power portion 52 comprises a first sleeve 53.
  • Said first sleeve 53 is adapted to remain stationary during the rotation of said shaft 5.
  • said first sleeve 53 is coaxial to shaft 5, preferably externally surrounding the remaining part of shaft 5, at the first power portion 52.
  • said first sleeve 53 is internal to shaft 5, said first sleeve 53 being surrounded by shaft 5.
  • Machine 2 according to the present invention envisages, in the preferred embodiment thereof, that said shaft 5 can rotate by at least 360° in at least one direction of rotation .
  • said machine 2 is designed in a manner such that said shaft 5 can rotate without solution of continuity, so that it can rotate by multiples or submultiples of 360° in both directions of rotation, i.e. clockwise and counterclockwise.
  • the calculation of the rotation by at least 360° in both directions of rotation must be made with reference to a predefined position. Therefore, the rotation in a second direction of rotation must not be evaluated with reference to the point of arrival of a rotation with reference to a first direction of rotation.
  • the present solution since it allows said shaft 5 to rotate by at least 360°, permits also said housings 4 to be rotated by any angle that is a multiple and/or a submultiple of 360° in both directions of rotation, thus considerably improving the detachment and fall of the sand from foundry castings "P" and increasing the de-coring performance of machine 2.
  • the 360° rotation in at least one direction of rotation ensures that the sand that is still present in foundry castings "P" can completely come out of any recess and/or cavity of foundry casting "P", thereby reducing the time necessary for de-coring foundry castings "P” and reducing the costs incurred for manufacturing products starting from said foundry castings "P".
  • shaft 5 The conformation of shaft 5 and of power circuit 7 permits shaft 5 to rotate by at least 360° while ensuring a continuous power supply to de-coring hammers 6, which can continue operating independently of the angle of rotation of shaft 5 and hence of the angular position of housings 4 in which foundry castings "P" have been arranged.
  • said at least one first duct 72 comprises at least one connector 71 formed on said first sleeve 53, to which said at least one power source can be connected .
  • said second power portion 56 comprises a second sleeve 57.
  • Each second duct 76 comprises at least one connector 77 formed on said second sleeve 57, to which a de-coring hammer 6 can be connected through a suitable power line, e.g. a tube and/or a cable.
  • a suitable power line e.g. a tube and/or a cable.
  • the present solution makes it possible to simply connect and disconnect the power circuit from one or more sources and/or from de-coring hammers 6, e.g. for maintenance activities, such as the replacement of one or more de-coring hammers 6.
  • a plurality of connectors 71 are formed for as many first ducts 72.
  • said connectors 71 are preferably arranged substantially aligned along at least one straight line parallel to a longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5.
  • said connectors 71 are preferably arranged along a circumference centred about longitudinal axis "L” of shaft 5. Since said first sleeve 53 is stationary, it is possible to arrange connectors 71 in a position that will allow for quick and simple connection and/or disconnection of power circuit 7.
  • a plurality of connectors 77 are formed for as many second ducts 76, in particular in a number at least equal to the number of de-coring hammers 6 comprised in machine 2.
  • Said connectors 77 are preferably arranged substantially along at least one circumference around said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5. This embodiment provides easy access to each de- coring hammer 6 adapted to act upon foundry castings "P" housed in the various housings 4.
  • said second sleeve 57 is adapted to rotate integrally with said shaft 5.
  • said one or more de- coring hammers 6 are suitably connected to said shaft 5, rotating integrally therewith.
  • said second sleeve 57 is adapted to remain stationary during the rotation of said shaft 5.
  • said one or more de-coring hammers 6 are adapted to remain stationary, with respect to said shaft 5 and said housings 4, during the rotation of shaft 5.
  • said first power portion 52 comprises a single first duct 72.
  • a single connector 71 is formed on said first sleeve 53.
  • a plurality of connectors 77 are formed for as many second ducts 76, in particular in a number at least equal to the number of de- coring hammers 6 comprised in machine 2.
  • said connectors 77 are advantageously arranged substantially along at least one circumference around said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5.
  • said second sleeve 57 is adapted to rotate integrally with said shaft 5, and said one or more de-coring hammers 6 are suitably connected to said shaft 5, rotating integrally therewith.
  • a single connection duct 74 is formed, which is connected to the single first duct 72.
  • said single connection duct 74 comprises selector devices. Said selector devices are adapted to selectively put connection duct 74 in communication with one or more of said second ducts 76 formed in said second power portion 56.
  • the present embodiment makes it possible, by means of a single duct, in particular a single first duct 72, a single connector 71, and a single connection duct 74, to supply power to each de-coring hammer 6 by conveniently distributing the power, e.g. dividing it into equal parts and/or selectively supplying it to only one or more de-coring hammers, possibly leaving the remaining de-coring hammers 6 inactive .
  • said one or more de-coring hammers 6 are constrained to said one or more housings 4, rotating integrally therewith.
  • the present embodiment makes it possible to move said housings 4, causing them to rotate about said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5, as de-coring hammers 6 keep exerting their de- coring action upon said foundry castings "P".
  • the present solution turns out to be particularly advantageous because it improves the de-coring performance of machine 2, allowing de-coring hammers 6 to operate as housings 4 rotate, without solution of continuity, thus speeding up the de-coring process and reducing the production costs of foundry casting "P".
  • said de-coring machine 2 does not require the use of eccentric masses or unbalanced motors in order to cause housings 4 for foundry castings "P" to oscillate and improve the removal of the residues, in particular sand, from foundry casting "P", in addition to the detachment effect generated by de-coring hammers 6.
  • said at least one housing 4 is connected to said shaft 5, being adapted to move at least along an axis parallel to longitudinal axis "L" of said shaft 5.
  • the oscillatory motion generated by de-coring hammers 6 is adapted to allow said one or more housings 4 to move at least along said axis, even simultaneously with the rotation about said longitudinal axis "L” .
  • machine 2 comprises at least one damping system 8 adapted to delimit the movement of said one or more housings 4 at least along said axis .
  • said de-coring machine 2 comprises at least two housings 4 arranged symmetrically relative to said shaft 5, in particular arranged in diametrically opposite positions .
  • housings 4 are angularly spaced apart by the same extent. Therefore, the angular distance between two housings will depend on the number of housings 4 comprised in de-coring machine 2.
  • each housing 4 comprises a fixed portion, to which at least one de-coring hammer 6 is rigidly constrained; and a movable portion, which is adapted to move relative to said fixed portion to change the volume of said housing 4 and retain one or more foundry castings "P" between the fixed portion and the movable portion.
  • Each housing comprises also a connection portion, through which housing 4 is connected to shaft 5.
  • connection portions of the various housings 4 comprised in de-coring machine 2 are made as a single piece or support structure.
  • all housings 4 are adapted to slide integrally as one body along said longitudinal axis "L" in a reciprocating or oscillatory motion.
  • connection portion is connected to said fixed portion in a rigid manner.
  • said support structure comprises a sleeve adapted to fit coaxially over said shaft 5.
  • said support structure is rotatably constrained to said shaft 5 in a rigid manner, allowing housings 4 to rotate integrally with said shaft 5, and can slide along said longitudinal axis "L", thus permitting a linear motion.
  • Said linear motion of the support structure makes it possible to obtain an oscillatory motion of housings 4 due to the co- operation of de-coring hammers 6 and damping system 8.
  • Said damping system 8 may comprise, for example, elastic elements, e.g. springs, adapted to compress and extend so as to damp the oscillatory motion of housing 4 in case of interruption of the hammering action of the de-coring hammers, thus stopping the oscillation, in addition to controlling the oscillation of the housings when de-coring hammers 6 are active and exerting the hammering action on foundry castings "P".
  • elastic elements e.g. springs
  • Said damping system 8 allows housings 4 to oscillate sufficiently to promote the detachment and removal of the residues from foundry castings "P", with a result at least comparable to that attainable by the solutions currently implemented in de-coring machines equipped with oscillators, preventing the vibrations from propagating either towards shaft 5, which will not vibrate, or towards support frame 3, the structural stability of which will thus be preserved.
  • said support frame 3 comprises a base 30 and a pair of shoulders 32.
  • Said shoulders 32 face each other, and said base 30 is positioned in between.
  • Said shaft 5 weighs upon said shoulders 32.
  • Said shaft 5 comprises two support portions 50.
  • Said support portions 50 are rotatably coupled, through rolling means 34, to a respective shoulder 32 of support frame 3.
  • Said rolling means 34 are adapted to allow a 360° rotation of said shaft 5 in both directions of rotation about said longitudinal axis "L" with respect to said support frame 3.
  • Said rolling means 34 e.g. bearings, are preferably incorporated into a connection flange, suitably coupled to said shaft 5, in particular at support portions 50, so that they can be conveniently constrained to a respective shoulder 32 of support frame 3.
  • support frame 3 comprises, underneath said base 30, stabilizer means or feet adapted to properly position said de-coring machine 2 on a surface such as, for example, the floor of a de-coring room, e.g. by positioning it level on the surface.
  • a hopper On said base 30, under the point where said housings 4 are fastened to shaft 5, in particular between the two shoulders 32, there is a hopper with a respective container for recovering the scrap material resulting from the de-coring process, in particular the sand removed from foundry castings "P".
  • said shaft 5 comprises a transmission portion 51.
  • Said motor "M” acts upon said transmission portion 51 in order to rotatably drive said shaft 5.
  • said transmission portion 51 of shaft 5 is arranged alongside, preferably proximal to, a support portion 50 of the same shaft 5.
  • a support portion 50 is located between said first power portion 52 and said second power portion 56, coaxial to said conduction portion 54.
  • said transmission portion 51 is located between said first power portion 52 and a support portion 50.
  • portion of shaft 5 whereon housings 4 are conveniently secured is defined between said second power portion 56 and support portion 50 which is distal from said first power portion 52.
  • said shaft 5, and the various portions thereof may either be made as one piece, if possible, or comprise multiple elements assembled together.
  • said motor “M” is an electric motor, preferably of the brushless type, connected to said transmission portion 51.
  • Said motor “M” may be either directly engaged with said transmission portion 51 or connected thereto via a motion transmission mechanism.
  • Said motion transmission mechanism is, for example, a gear train, a belt or a chain.
  • motor “M” is connected to a gearmotor, which in turn acts upon said motion transmission mechanism to rotatably drive said shaft 5.
  • Said motion transmission mechanism comprises a belt mounted on a toothed wheel splined to shaft 5 at said transmission portion 51. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment a toothed wheel "G” is fitted to said transmission portion 51, which is adapted to interact with said motor "M” via a motion transmission mechanism comprising a belt or a chain.
  • a supporting base adapted to support, at least partly, said motor "M” and/or the motion transmission mechanism, if present.
  • connection ducts 74 are formed in said conduction portion 54.
  • said conduction ducts 7 are disposed parallel to said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5.
  • said conduction portion 54 is adapted to either rotate or remain stationary.
  • said conduction portion 54 rotates integrally with said shaft 5.
  • connection ducts 74 are arranged along at least one circumference, which is centred about said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5.
  • connection ducts 74 essentially depends on the number of respective first ducts 72 comprised in said first power portion 52 of shaft 5.
  • said power circuit 7 is a pneumatic or fluid conduction circuit.
  • said de-coring hammers 6 are either pneumatic hammers or hydraulic hammers.
  • At least one circumferential groove 722 is comprised in said first power portion 52 of shaft 5, underneath said first sleeve 53 on which at least one connector 71 is formed. Said circumferential groove 722 is located in a position corresponding to said at least one connector 71, being in fluidic communication therewith.
  • each circumferential groove 722 at least one radial hole 724 is formed, in particular said hole being directed towards said longitudinal axis "L" .
  • each circumferential groove 722 and corresponding hole 724 form a tract of a first duct 72 between respective connector 71 and corresponding connection duct 74. Said tract of the first duct 72 and said connection duct 74 rotate integrally with said shaft 5.
  • connectors 71 formed on said first sleeve 53 remain stationary, whereas the remaining part of the first duct 72, and in particular the part thereof underneath the first sleeve 53, rotates together with said shaft 5.
  • each connector 71 underneath each connector 71 a respective circumferential groove 722 is formed.
  • Each circumferential groove 722 comprises a single radial hole 724 in communication with a single connection duct 74 formed in said conduction portion 54 of shaft 5.
  • each connector 71 located on said first sleeve 53 there is a single first duct 72, which connects to a single connection duct 74.
  • said connectors (71, 77) may be univocal, internally comprising an inlet connection and an outlet or return connection, e.g. like those for an electric power circuit or an open pneumatic circuit, or else may comprise two distinct and separate structures for the inlet connection and the outlet or return connection, e.g. like those for closed pneumatic or hydraulic power circuits, wherein closed circuits are implemented which comprise a delivery circuit and a return circuit.
  • power circuit 7 is preferably of the closed-circuit type, and each connector 71, formed in said first sleeve 53, comprises an inlet connection 711 and an outlet connection 712. Also, each connector 77 formed in said second sleeve 57 comprises an inlet connection 771 and an outlet connection 772.
  • said inlet connection 711 and said outlet connection 712, formed in said first sleeve 53 form two distinct and separate first ducts 72 for the delivery and return of the pneumatic or hydraulic circuit.
  • said inlet connection 771 and said outlet connection 772, formed in said second sleeve 57 form two distinct and separate second ducts 76. Therefore, in said conduction portion 54 there are two distinct connection ducts 74 for the delivery and return of the pneumatic or hydraulic circuit.
  • each connector (71, 77) essentially comprises two connection structures for the inlet circuit and the outlet or return circuit, which must use an independent and distinct duct.
  • said inlet connection 711 and said outlet connection 722 are formed in a single structure, since only one first duct, only one connection duct and only one second duct 76 are necessary for routing an electric power line .
  • said foundry castings "P" are, for example, engine blocks, cylinder heads or any structure manufactured from metallic materials by means of die-casting processes, in particular foundry castings comprising recesses or hollow portions.
  • the present de-coring machine 2 is particularly suitable for foundry castings "P" having structures comprising hollow portions, recesses and/or internal chambers, from which scrap material, in particular sand, needs to be removed, which has been used for making the foundry casting during the casting process.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for de-coring foundry castings "P".
  • Said method is preferably implemented by means of a machine 2 for de-coring foundry castings "P", preferably a de-coring machine 2 according to the present invention.
  • said machine 2 comprises at least one housing 4, at least one de-coring hammer 6, at least one shaft 5.
  • said housings 4 are connected, so as to rotate integrally with said shaft 5.
  • Said shaft 5 extends along a longitudinal axis "L" .
  • the method according to the present invention comprises the following steps, preferably carried out in succession:
  • the method according to the present invention makes it possible to improve the removal of the sand from the recesses and/or chambers comprised in every foundry casting "P"; in fact, the rotation by at least 360°, in at least one direction of rotation, facilitates the removal of the sand from the foundry casting "P".
  • the method according to the present invention envisages that, during the step of rotating said housing 4, multiples of a revolution should be made, either whole or fractional, by rotating said shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L" .
  • the method according to the present invention envisages that, during the step of rotating said housing 4, at least one 360-degree rotation should be made for each direction of rotation, by rotating said shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L" .
  • the method envisages that the step of activating de-coring hammers 6 should be carried out continuously during the execution of the step of rotating said at least one housing 4.
  • the hammering step goes on during the execution of the step of rotating said at least one housing 4, preferably throughout the step of rotating said at least one housing 4.
  • the present solution also makes it possible to cause said at least one housing 4 to oscillate along axes parallel to said longitudinal axis "L”; in fact, while executing the step of activating de-coring hammers 6, in the embodiment of machine 2 wherein said housings 4 are adapted to slide along axes parallel to said longitudinal axis "L” it is possible to cause housings 4 to oscillate along axes parallel to said longitudinal axis "L", thereby further increasing the de- coring capability of machine 2 according to the present invention.
  • the present embodiment of machine 2 advantageously includes a damping system 8 adapted to avoid the propagation of the oscillations towards both shaft 5 and support frame 3, thus preserving their integrity.
  • Figure 1A shows an axonometric view of de-coring machine 2.
  • two housings 4 are visible, each one adapted to house one foundry casting "P", e.g. an engine block .
  • each housing 4 two de-coring hammers 6 are associated, which are adapted to act upon the same foundry casting .
  • damping system 8 is partly visible, which allows controlling the vibration imparted by de-coring hammers 6 to housings 4, which start oscillating along axes parallel to said longitudinal axis "L", about which shaft 5 rotates whereon said housings 4 are secured.
  • the figure shows a part of power circuit 7, which is partly formed in a portion of shaft 5, in particular in the first power portion.
  • Said shaft 5 is rotatably driven in both directions of rotation, by angles that are multiples and submultiples of 360°, by a motor "M" .
  • Figure IB shows a top view of the machine of Figure 1A. This figure makes it possible to understand further construction details of one possible embodiment, provided herein by way of non-limiting example, of de-coring machine 2.
  • the first power portion 52 of shaft 5 is visible, where there are a plurality of connectors 71 of power circuit 7.
  • This figure also shows the second power portion 56 of shaft 5, where a plurality of connectors 77 are present.
  • Shaft 5 is rotatably supported by a support frame 3, weighing upon two shoulders 32 through respective support portions 50.
  • Said support frame 3 also comprises a base 30 between the two shoulders 32.
  • This figure also shows, at least partially, damping system 8 that allows housings 4 to oscillate 4 while avoiding the propagation of the oscillation towards both shaft 5 and the structure of support frame 3.
  • Figure 2A shows de-coring machine 2 of Figure 1A according to the present invention, from which housings 4 for foundry castings "P" and damping systems 8 have been removed.
  • Figure 2A shows a side view of machine 2.
  • the figure also shows one possible arrangement of motor "M” with respect to transmission portion 51, for rotatably driving shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L” . Between said shoulders 32 there is said base 30 of support frame 3, where a hopper is provided for collecting the residues of the de-coring process.
  • Figure 2B shows a top view of the de-coring machine of Figure 1A, from which housings 4 have been removed. From this figure one can understand some further construction details of the illustrated embodiment. In fact, the figure shows the first slide 53 arranged at the first power portion 52, whereon a plurality of connectors 71 of power circuit 7 are formed.
  • Figure 3A shows a side view of shaft 5 of machine 2 according to the present invention in one possible embodiment thereof. This figure clearly shows the disposition of inlet connections 711 and outlet connections 712 of power circuit 7, formed on said first sleeve 53 of the first power portion 52 of shaft 5.
  • Said shaft 5 then comprises a conduction portion 54, whereon the connection ducts of power circuit 7 are formed.
  • transmission portion 51 Coaxial to said conduction portion 54 is transmission portion 51, whereto a toothed wheel “G” is splined, whereupon motor “M” acts in order to rotatably drive said shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L” .
  • the second power portion 56 which comprises the second sleeve 57, whereon inlet connections 771 and outlet connections 772 of power circuit 7 are formed.
  • shaft 5 is defined which is adapted to be coupled to said housings 4.
  • pins are visible which are adapted to allow housings 4 to rotate integrally with said shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L” and to slide relative to said longitudinal axis "L” .
  • Figure 3B shows shaft 5 of Figure 3A in a sectional view relative to the plane 3B-3B. From this figure one can easily understand one possible embodiment of power circuit 7, and in particular of the first ducts 72, connection ducts 74 and the second ducts 76. In particular, this figure also shows, in transparency, the inlet connections 711 and outlet connections 712 formed in said first sleeve 53 of the first power portion 52 of the shaft 5. In this figure it is also possible to see connection ducts 74 formed in conduction portion 54 of shaft 5, wherein such connection ducts 74 are parallel to said longitudinal axis "L" . The figure also shows the second ducts 76, which respectively terminate with inlet connections 771 or outlet connections 772, formed in said second sleeve 57.
  • This figure shows one possible embodiment of rolling means 34, which are conveniently incorporated into a connection flange that permits connecting said shaft 5, and in particular support portion 50, to support frame 3, in particular to a shoulder thereof, thus allowing shaft 5 to rotate about longitudinal axis "L" .
  • shaft 5 is made up of different parts suitably assembled together.
  • Figure 3C shows an axonometric view of shaft 5 shown in a sectional view in Figure 3B, from which it is possible to understand further construction details of one possible embodiment, provided herein by way of non-limiting example, of shaft 5 in accordance with the present invention.
  • this figure shows more clearly inlet connections 771 and outlet connections 772 formed in the second sleeve 57 for the second ducts 76.
  • the figure also shows one possible conformation of toothed wheel "G" and of the connection flange in which said rolling means 34 are located.
  • Figure 4 shows a detail of the shaft illustrated in Figure 3B, illustrating more clearly the first power portion 52 with the first ducts 72, conduction portion 54 with connection ducts 74, and the second power portion 56 with the second ducts 76.
  • connection duct 74 extends from the first power portion 52 to the second power portion 56, where it connects, through suitable junctions, to the respective second duct 76, which terminates with a respective connection (771, 772) .
  • Figure 5 shows a detail of shaft 5 shown in a sectional view in Figure 3B, illustrating support portion 50 whereon rolling means 34 operate. This embodiment permits shaft 5 to rotate about said longitudinal axis "L" when said shaft is coupled to said support frame 3.
  • the de-coring machine according to the present invention makes it possible to improve the de-coring action exerted on foundry castings while reducing the time necessary for de-coring every single foundry casting, without however jeopardizing the structural integrity of the de-coring machine itself.
  • the de-coring machine according to the present invention allows, due to a compact structure that is easy to manufacture and maintain, reducing the costs incurred for de-coring foundry castings.
  • the de-coring machine according to the present invention makes it possible to easily supply power to a plurality of de-coring hammers without adversely affecting the performance of the de-coring machine itself.

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Abstract

De-coring machine (2) for foundry castings (P), comprising: a support frame (3); one or more housings (4), in which one or more foundry castings (P) can be positioned and retained; a shaft (5), rotatably driven by a motor (M) and supported by said support frame (3); one or more de-coring hammers (6), adapted to act upon one or more foundry castings (P); and one or more power circuits (7) for supplying power to said one or more de-coring hammers (6). The housings (4) are connected to said shaft (5), rotating integrally therewith. The shaft (5) comprises: a first power portion (52), in which at least one first duct (72) of the power circuit (7) is at least partly formed, to which at least one power source is adapted to be connected; a second power portion (56), in which one or more second ducts (76) of the power circuit (7) are at least partly formed, to which said de-coring hammers (6) are adapted to be connected; and a conduction portion (54), interposed between said first power portion (52) and the second power portion (56), in which one or more connection ducts (74) are formed to put said first duct (72) in communication with said second ducts (76). The first power portion (52) comprises a first sleeve (53) adapted to remain stationary during the rotation of said shaft (5). The shaft (5) is adapted to rotate by at least 360° in at least one direction of rotation.

Description

TITLE: DE-CORING MACHINE FOR FOUNDRY CASTINGS WITH ROTATING
HOUSING FOR FOUNDRY CASTINGS AND RELATED METHOD FOR DE-CORING
FOUNDRY CASTINGS.
The present invention relates to a machine for de-coring foundry castings, which comprises a housing, in which said foundry castings are positioned for de-coring, and which is adapted to continuously rotate about an axis in both directions of rotation. In particular, said housing being adapted to make more than one turn about said axis, and therefore able to make rotations about said axis by angles that are multiples and submultiples of 360°. The present invention also relates to a method for de-coring foundry castings, wherein the foundry castings are rotated by at least 360° to improve the removal of residues, in particular sand, from the foundry casting.
Several de-coring machines are known which are used for de-coring one or more foundry castings. For example, document EP2440348 describes a de-coring machine for removing residual moulding material from foundry castings, which has a fork-shaped frame defined by a base member and two shoulders located at opposite ends of a plane of symmetry of the frame and defining a housing for at least two foundry castings to be de-cored. The machine comprises two motors mounted on the frame, which are adapted to rotate in phase opposition to each other about a vertical axis of rotation lying in a plane of symmetry, so as to impart a vibratory movement to the frame in a given direction.
Patent document EP1995002 discloses a vibrating machine for removing sand from a hollow foundry casting. Such machine comprises a rotating drum which holds the foundry casting, and is mounted in a frame. The foundry casting is hammered to loosen the sand and is then turned into a position where the sand can fall down. This machine can rotate the drum as the frame continues to vibrate, driven by a vibrating motor.
Patent application WO2016164955 discloses a de-coring machine that comprises a first machine frame, a machine table movable in relation to the machine frame for clamping a foundry casting, two eccentric masses driven in opposite directions and mounted on the machine table, as well as a drive motor arranged on the machine frame. A twisting torque is transferred from at least one drive motor to the two eccentric masses and is guided in such a way that said torque is supplied to the machine frame and to the machine table, guided via at least one belt leading to each eccentric mass.
Patent application WO2018152559 discloses an apparatus and a method for de-coring foundry castings, wherein the apparatus includes at least one hydraulic hammer and the method envisages the use of a hydraulic hammer for de-coring the foundry casting.
The solutions currently known in the art do not permit a 360° rotation of the housings adapted to house the foundry castings. In fact, due to structural reasons, in particular related to the power lines of the de-coring hammers, the rotation of the housings cannot exceed 270°.
Moreover, the machines currently known in the art do not permit a rotation in both directions of rotation.
The current solutions require a very complex and expensive frame for moving the housings, while still suffering from a structural limitation as concerns the angle of rotation that they can cover. Furthermore, all machines currently known in the art comprise eccentric masses that, in addition to being costly, heavy and poorly functional, do not allow the foundry casting housings to rotate by angles exceeding 270° because of the power cables and/or of the motion transmission means necessary for their operation.
Therefore, the power or transmission means adapted to supply power to the de-coring hammers or the eccentric masses do not allow the housings whereon the foundry castings are positioned to rotate by more than 270° in both directions of rotation .
The present invention intends to solve all the above- mentioned problems suffered by the prior art, and many other problems as well, by providing a de-coring machine with at least one housing for foundry castings, which is adapted to continuously rotate about an axis in at least one direction of rotation, preferably in both directions.
One aspect of the present invention relates to a de- coring machine having the features set out in the appended claim 1.
A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method for de-coring foundry castings having the features set out in the appended claim 14.
Auxiliary features are set out in respective dependent claims .
The features and advantages of the machine and method will become apparent from the following description of several possible embodiments thereof, supplied herein by way of non-limiting example, as well as from the annexed drawings, wherein: • Figures 1A and IB show different views of a de- coring machine according to the present invention; in particular: Figure 1A shows an axonometric view of the de- coring machine; Figure IB shows a top view of the machine of Figure 1A;
• Figures 2A and 2B show different views of a portion of the de-coring machine of Figure 1A according to the present invention, from which the housings for foundry castings and the damping systems have been removed; in particular: Figure 2A shows a side view of the machine; Figure 2B shows a top view of the machine;
• Figures 3A and 3B, 3C show different views of the shaft of the de-coring machine according to the present invention; in particular: Figure 3A shows a side view of the shaft; Figure 3B shows the shaft in a sectional view relative to the plane 3B-3B; Figure 3C shows an axonometric view of the sectioned shaft of Figure 3B;
• Figure 4 shows a detail of the shaft illustrated in Figure 3B, highlighting a first power portion with first ducts, a conduction portion with connection ducts, and a second power portion with second ducts;
• Figure 5 shows another detail of the sectioned shaft of Figure 3B, where it is possible to see the support portion whereon rolling means operate.
With reference to the above-mentioned figures, reference numeral 2 designates as a whole the de-coring machine for foundry castings "P".
De-coring machine 2 according to the present invention is particularly suitable for de-coring foundry castings "P", in particular castings having at least one hollow portion. Machine 2 according to the present invention comprises: a support frame 3; one or more housings 4, in each one of which one or more foundry castings "P" can be positioned and suitably retained. In fact, depending on the dimensions of foundry casting "P" to be de-cored, it will be possible to house one or more foundry castings "P" into a single housing 4.
Machine 2 according to the present invention comprises a shaft 5. Said shaft 5 is rotatably driven by at least one motor "M" .
Said shaft 5 is suitably supported by said support frame
3.
Machine 2 according to the present invention comprises one or more de-coring hammers 6.
Said de-coring hammers 6 are adapted to selectively act upon one or more foundry castings "P", the latter being conveniently positioned in one or more housings 4.
More in general, the number of de-coring hammers 6 is proportional to the number of housings 4 comprised in said machine 2 and/or to the size and/or number of foundry castings "P" that can be housed in each housing 4.
Machine 2 according to the present invention comprises one or more power circuits 7. Said power circuit 7 is conveniently designed to supply power to de-coring hammers 6. Depending on the technology implemented for making said de-coring hammers 6, said power circuit 7 will be designed and implemented accordingly.
More in general, said de-coring hammers 6 may be powered by pneumatic, hydraulic and/or electric circuits. In machine 2 according to the present invention, said one or more housings 4 are suitably connected to said shaft 5, rotating integrally therewith.
In the preferred embodiment of machine 2 according to the present invention, said shaft 5 comprises a first power portion 52, a second power portion 56 and a conduction portion 54 interposed between said first power portion 52 and said second power portion 56.
In said first power portion 52, at least one first duct 72 of power circuit 7 is at least partly formed. To said first duct 72 at least one power source is adapted to be connected .
In said second power portion 56, at least one or more second ducts 76 of power circuit 7 are at least partly formed. To said second duct 76 one or more of said de-coring hammers 6 are adapted to be connected.
In said conduction portion 54, interposed between said first power portion 52 and said second power portion 56, one or more connection ducts 74 are formed. Said connection ducts 74 are adapted to put said at least one first duct 72 in communication with said one or more second ducts 76.
In the preferred embodiment of machine 2 according to the present invention, said first power portion 52 comprises a first sleeve 53. Said first sleeve 53 is adapted to remain stationary during the rotation of said shaft 5. In particular, said first sleeve 53 is coaxial to shaft 5, preferably externally surrounding the remaining part of shaft 5, at the first power portion 52. As an alternative, said first sleeve 53 is internal to shaft 5, said first sleeve 53 being surrounded by shaft 5. Machine 2 according to the present invention envisages, in the preferred embodiment thereof, that said shaft 5 can rotate by at least 360° in at least one direction of rotation .
Even more preferably, said machine 2 is designed in a manner such that said shaft 5 can rotate without solution of continuity, so that it can rotate by multiples or submultiples of 360° in both directions of rotation, i.e. clockwise and counterclockwise.
More in general, the calculation of the rotation by at least 360° in both directions of rotation must be made with reference to a predefined position. Therefore, the rotation in a second direction of rotation must not be evaluated with reference to the point of arrival of a rotation with reference to a first direction of rotation.
The present solution, since it allows said shaft 5 to rotate by at least 360°, permits also said housings 4 to be rotated by any angle that is a multiple and/or a submultiple of 360° in both directions of rotation, thus considerably improving the detachment and fall of the sand from foundry castings "P" and increasing the de-coring performance of machine 2.
The 360° rotation in at least one direction of rotation ensures that the sand that is still present in foundry castings "P" can completely come out of any recess and/or cavity of foundry casting "P", thereby reducing the time necessary for de-coring foundry castings "P" and reducing the costs incurred for manufacturing products starting from said foundry castings "P".
The conformation of shaft 5 and of power circuit 7 permits shaft 5 to rotate by at least 360° while ensuring a continuous power supply to de-coring hammers 6, which can continue operating independently of the angle of rotation of shaft 5 and hence of the angular position of housings 4 in which foundry castings "P" have been arranged.
In one possible embodiment, provided herein by way of non-limiting example, said at least one first duct 72 comprises at least one connector 71 formed on said first sleeve 53, to which said at least one power source can be connected .
Furthermore, said second power portion 56 comprises a second sleeve 57.
Each second duct 76 comprises at least one connector 77 formed on said second sleeve 57, to which a de-coring hammer 6 can be connected through a suitable power line, e.g. a tube and/or a cable.
The present solution makes it possible to simply connect and disconnect the power circuit from one or more sources and/or from de-coring hammers 6, e.g. for maintenance activities, such as the replacement of one or more de-coring hammers 6.
In a preferred embodiment of machine 2 according to the present invention, on said first sleeve 53 a plurality of connectors 71 are formed for as many first ducts 72. In the embodiment wherein said first sleeve 53 surrounds shaft 5, said connectors 71 are preferably arranged substantially aligned along at least one straight line parallel to a longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5. On the contrary, in the embodiment wherein said first sleeve 53 is surrounded by said shaft 5, said connectors 71 are preferably arranged along a circumference centred about longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5. Since said first sleeve 53 is stationary, it is possible to arrange connectors 71 in a position that will allow for quick and simple connection and/or disconnection of power circuit 7.
In the same embodiment, on said second sleeve 57 a plurality of connectors 77 are formed for as many second ducts 76, in particular in a number at least equal to the number of de-coring hammers 6 comprised in machine 2. Said connectors 77 are preferably arranged substantially along at least one circumference around said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5. This embodiment provides easy access to each de- coring hammer 6 adapted to act upon foundry castings "P" housed in the various housings 4.
In a preferred, but non-limiting, embodiment, said second sleeve 57 is adapted to rotate integrally with said shaft 5. In the present embodiment, said one or more de- coring hammers 6 are suitably connected to said shaft 5, rotating integrally therewith.
In an alternative embodiment, said second sleeve 57 is adapted to remain stationary during the rotation of said shaft 5. In this embodiment, said one or more de-coring hammers 6 are adapted to remain stationary, with respect to said shaft 5 and said housings 4, during the rotation of shaft 5.
In another possible embodiment of machine 2 according to the present invention, said first power portion 52 comprises a single first duct 72. In such an embodiment, a single connector 71 is formed on said first sleeve 53. On the contrary, on said second sleeve 57 a plurality of connectors 77 are formed for as many second ducts 76, in particular in a number at least equal to the number of de- coring hammers 6 comprised in machine 2. As previously specified, said connectors 77 are advantageously arranged substantially along at least one circumference around said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5.
Preferably, said second sleeve 57 is adapted to rotate integrally with said shaft 5, and said one or more de-coring hammers 6 are suitably connected to said shaft 5, rotating integrally therewith.
In the present embodiment, in said conduction portion 54 a single connection duct 74 is formed, which is connected to the single first duct 72. In the present embodiment, said single connection duct 74 comprises selector devices. Said selector devices are adapted to selectively put connection duct 74 in communication with one or more of said second ducts 76 formed in said second power portion 56.
The present embodiment makes it possible, by means of a single duct, in particular a single first duct 72, a single connector 71, and a single connection duct 74, to supply power to each de-coring hammer 6 by conveniently distributing the power, e.g. dividing it into equal parts and/or selectively supplying it to only one or more de-coring hammers, possibly leaving the remaining de-coring hammers 6 inactive .
In a particularly preferred, but non-limiting, embodiment of machine 2 according to the present invention, said one or more de-coring hammers 6 are constrained to said one or more housings 4, rotating integrally therewith. The present embodiment makes it possible to move said housings 4, causing them to rotate about said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5, as de-coring hammers 6 keep exerting their de- coring action upon said foundry castings "P". The present solution turns out to be particularly advantageous because it improves the de-coring performance of machine 2, allowing de-coring hammers 6 to operate as housings 4 rotate, without solution of continuity, thus speeding up the de-coring process and reducing the production costs of foundry casting "P".
Even more preferably, said de-coring machine 2 does not require the use of eccentric masses or unbalanced motors in order to cause housings 4 for foundry castings "P" to oscillate and improve the removal of the residues, in particular sand, from foundry casting "P", in addition to the detachment effect generated by de-coring hammers 6. In the present embodiment, said at least one housing 4 is connected to said shaft 5, being adapted to move at least along an axis parallel to longitudinal axis "L" of said shaft 5. In the present embodiment, the oscillatory motion generated by de-coring hammers 6 is adapted to allow said one or more housings 4 to move at least along said axis, even simultaneously with the rotation about said longitudinal axis "L" . Even more preferably, machine 2 comprises at least one damping system 8 adapted to delimit the movement of said one or more housings 4 at least along said axis .
In one possible embodiment, provided herein by way of non-limiting example, said de-coring machine 2 comprises at least two housings 4 arranged symmetrically relative to said shaft 5, in particular arranged in diametrically opposite positions .
More in general, said housings 4 are angularly spaced apart by the same extent. Therefore, the angular distance between two housings will depend on the number of housings 4 comprised in de-coring machine 2.
In one possible embodiment, provided by way of non- limiting example, each housing 4 comprises a fixed portion, to which at least one de-coring hammer 6 is rigidly constrained; and a movable portion, which is adapted to move relative to said fixed portion to change the volume of said housing 4 and retain one or more foundry castings "P" between the fixed portion and the movable portion.
Each housing comprises also a connection portion, through which housing 4 is connected to shaft 5.
Preferably, the connection portions of the various housings 4 comprised in de-coring machine 2 are made as a single piece or support structure. In such an embodiment, all housings 4 are adapted to slide integrally as one body along said longitudinal axis "L" in a reciprocating or oscillatory motion.
Preferably, said connection portion is connected to said fixed portion in a rigid manner.
In the embodiment comprising a support structure for a plurality of housings 4, said support structure comprises a sleeve adapted to fit coaxially over said shaft 5. In particular, said support structure is rotatably constrained to said shaft 5 in a rigid manner, allowing housings 4 to rotate integrally with said shaft 5, and can slide along said longitudinal axis "L", thus permitting a linear motion. Said linear motion of the support structure makes it possible to obtain an oscillatory motion of housings 4 due to the co- operation of de-coring hammers 6 and damping system 8.
Said damping system 8 may comprise, for example, elastic elements, e.g. springs, adapted to compress and extend so as to damp the oscillatory motion of housing 4 in case of interruption of the hammering action of the de-coring hammers, thus stopping the oscillation, in addition to controlling the oscillation of the housings when de-coring hammers 6 are active and exerting the hammering action on foundry castings "P". Said damping system 8 allows housings 4 to oscillate sufficiently to promote the detachment and removal of the residues from foundry castings "P", with a result at least comparable to that attainable by the solutions currently implemented in de-coring machines equipped with oscillators, preventing the vibrations from propagating either towards shaft 5, which will not vibrate, or towards support frame 3, the structural stability of which will thus be preserved.
In a preferred embodiment of machine 2 according to the present invention, said support frame 3 comprises a base 30 and a pair of shoulders 32.
Said shoulders 32 face each other, and said base 30 is positioned in between.
Said shaft 5 weighs upon said shoulders 32.
Said shaft 5 comprises two support portions 50. Said support portions 50 are rotatably coupled, through rolling means 34, to a respective shoulder 32 of support frame 3. Said rolling means 34 are adapted to allow a 360° rotation of said shaft 5 in both directions of rotation about said longitudinal axis "L" with respect to said support frame 3. Said rolling means 34, e.g. bearings, are preferably incorporated into a connection flange, suitably coupled to said shaft 5, in particular at support portions 50, so that they can be conveniently constrained to a respective shoulder 32 of support frame 3. Describing now more in detail the construction of machine 2 according to the present invention, in one possible embodiment support frame 3 comprises, underneath said base 30, stabilizer means or feet adapted to properly position said de-coring machine 2 on a surface such as, for example, the floor of a de-coring room, e.g. by positioning it level on the surface. On said base 30, under the point where said housings 4 are fastened to shaft 5, in particular between the two shoulders 32, there is a hopper with a respective container for recovering the scrap material resulting from the de-coring process, in particular the sand removed from foundry castings "P".
In one possible embodiment of machine 2 according to the present invention, provided herein by way of non-limiting example, said shaft 5 comprises a transmission portion 51. Said motor "M" acts upon said transmission portion 51 in order to rotatably drive said shaft 5.
Preferably, said transmission portion 51 of shaft 5 is arranged alongside, preferably proximal to, a support portion 50 of the same shaft 5.
In an even more preferable, though non-limiting, embodiment of machine 2 according to the present invention, a support portion 50 is located between said first power portion 52 and said second power portion 56, coaxial to said conduction portion 54.
In a preferred, but non-limiting, embodiment of machine 2 according to the present invention, said transmission portion 51 is located between said first power portion 52 and a support portion 50.
More in general, the portion of shaft 5 whereon housings 4 are conveniently secured, in accordance with the present invention, is defined between said second power portion 56 and support portion 50 which is distal from said first power portion 52.
In one possible embodiment, provided herein by way of non-limiting example, said shaft 5, and the various portions thereof, may either be made as one piece, if possible, or comprise multiple elements assembled together.
Describing now more in depth the construction details, said motor "M" is an electric motor, preferably of the brushless type, connected to said transmission portion 51. Said motor "M" may be either directly engaged with said transmission portion 51 or connected thereto via a motion transmission mechanism. Said motion transmission mechanism is, for example, a gear train, a belt or a chain. In a preferred, but non-limiting, embodiment, motor "M" is connected to a gearmotor, which in turn acts upon said motion transmission mechanism to rotatably drive said shaft 5. Said motion transmission mechanism comprises a belt mounted on a toothed wheel splined to shaft 5 at said transmission portion 51. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment a toothed wheel "G" is fitted to said transmission portion 51, which is adapted to interact with said motor "M" via a motion transmission mechanism comprising a belt or a chain.
Preferably, at shoulder 32 proximal to transmission portion 51 of shaft 5 there is a supporting base adapted to support, at least partly, said motor "M" and/or the motion transmission mechanism, if present.
As concerns the construction details of power circuit 7 and of shaft 5, in a preferred embodiment provided herein by way of non-limiting example a plurality of connection ducts 74 are formed in said conduction portion 54. Preferably, said conduction ducts 7 are disposed parallel to said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5.
Depending on the embodiment of said first sleeve 53, said conduction portion 54 is adapted to either rotate or remain stationary.
In the preferred embodiment, wherein said first sleeve 53 surrounds the remaining portion of shaft 5 at said first power portion 52, said conduction portion 54 rotates integrally with said shaft 5.
In an even more preferable embodiment of said conduction portion 54, said connection ducts 74 are arranged along at least one circumference, which is centred about said longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5.
The disposition of said connection ducts 74 essentially depends on the number of respective first ducts 72 comprised in said first power portion 52 of shaft 5.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of de-coring machine 2 according to the present invention, said power circuit 7 is a pneumatic or fluid conduction circuit.
In such an embodiment, said de-coring hammers 6 are either pneumatic hammers or hydraulic hammers.
In the embodiment wherein said first sleeve 53 surrounds shaft 5, at least one circumferential groove 722 is comprised in said first power portion 52 of shaft 5, underneath said first sleeve 53 on which at least one connector 71 is formed. Said circumferential groove 722 is located in a position corresponding to said at least one connector 71, being in fluidic communication therewith.
In each circumferential groove 722 at least one radial hole 724 is formed, in particular said hole being directed towards said longitudinal axis "L" . In the present embodiment, each circumferential groove 722 and corresponding hole 724 form a tract of a first duct 72 between respective connector 71 and corresponding connection duct 74. Said tract of the first duct 72 and said connection duct 74 rotate integrally with said shaft 5. In the present embodiment, connectors 71 formed on said first sleeve 53 remain stationary, whereas the remaining part of the first duct 72, and in particular the part thereof underneath the first sleeve 53, rotates together with said shaft 5.
Describing now more in depth the possible construction details of one possible embodiment provided herein by way of non-limiting example, underneath each connector 71 a respective circumferential groove 722 is formed. Each circumferential groove 722 comprises a single radial hole 724 in communication with a single connection duct 74 formed in said conduction portion 54 of shaft 5.
In the present embodiment, for each connector 71 located on said first sleeve 53 there is a single first duct 72, which connects to a single connection duct 74.
More in general, depending on the type of power circuit 7, said connectors (71, 77) may be univocal, internally comprising an inlet connection and an outlet or return connection, e.g. like those for an electric power circuit or an open pneumatic circuit, or else may comprise two distinct and separate structures for the inlet connection and the outlet or return connection, e.g. like those for closed pneumatic or hydraulic power circuits, wherein closed circuits are implemented which comprise a delivery circuit and a return circuit. More in general, in de-coring machine 2 according to the present invention power circuit 7 is preferably of the closed-circuit type, and each connector 71, formed in said first sleeve 53, comprises an inlet connection 711 and an outlet connection 712. Also, each connector 77 formed in said second sleeve 57 comprises an inlet connection 771 and an outlet connection 772.
In the embodiment wherein said power circuit 7 is a closed pneumatic or fluid conduction circuit, in order to supply power to a de-coring hammer 6 said inlet connection 711 and said outlet connection 712, formed in said first sleeve 53, form two distinct and separate first ducts 72 for the delivery and return of the pneumatic or hydraulic circuit. Likewise, in the same embodiment said inlet connection 771 and said outlet connection 772, formed in said second sleeve 57, form two distinct and separate second ducts 76. Therefore, in said conduction portion 54 there are two distinct connection ducts 74 for the delivery and return of the pneumatic or hydraulic circuit.
In the present embodiment, in order to supply power to a de-coring hammer 6, each connector (71, 77) essentially comprises two connection structures for the inlet circuit and the outlet or return circuit, which must use an independent and distinct duct.
In the alternative embodiment wherein said power circuit 7 is of the electric type, in order to supply power to a de-coring hammer 6 said inlet connection 711 and said outlet connection 722 are formed in a single structure, since only one first duct, only one connection duct and only one second duct 76 are necessary for routing an electric power line . In general, said foundry castings "P" are, for example, engine blocks, cylinder heads or any structure manufactured from metallic materials by means of die-casting processes, in particular foundry castings comprising recesses or hollow portions. The present de-coring machine 2 is particularly suitable for foundry castings "P" having structures comprising hollow portions, recesses and/or internal chambers, from which scrap material, in particular sand, needs to be removed, which has been used for making the foundry casting during the casting process.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for de-coring foundry castings "P".
Said method is preferably implemented by means of a machine 2 for de-coring foundry castings "P", preferably a de-coring machine 2 according to the present invention.
More in general, said machine 2 comprises at least one housing 4, at least one de-coring hammer 6, at least one shaft 5. To said shaft 5 said housings 4 are connected, so as to rotate integrally with said shaft 5. Said shaft 5 extends along a longitudinal axis "L" .
The method according to the present invention comprises the following steps, preferably carried out in succession:
- arranging at least one foundry casting "P" in at least one housing 4;
- tightening said housing 4 appropriately to retain said at least one foundry casting "P";
- activating at least one de-coring hammer 6 to act upon said at least one foundry casting "P";
- rotatably driving at least one shaft 5, e.g. by means of a motor "M"; - rotating said at least one housing 4, making a 360° rotation about a longitudinal axis "L" of shaft 5 in at least one direction of rotation.
The method according to the present invention makes it possible to improve the removal of the sand from the recesses and/or chambers comprised in every foundry casting "P"; in fact, the rotation by at least 360°, in at least one direction of rotation, facilitates the removal of the sand from the foundry casting "P".
Preferably, the method according to the present invention envisages that, during the step of rotating said housing 4, multiples of a revolution should be made, either whole or fractional, by rotating said shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L" .
Preferably, the method according to the present invention envisages that, during the step of rotating said housing 4, at least one 360-degree rotation should be made for each direction of rotation, by rotating said shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L" .
Even more preferably, the method envisages that the step of activating de-coring hammers 6 should be carried out continuously during the execution of the step of rotating said at least one housing 4. In the present embodiment, the hammering step goes on during the execution of the step of rotating said at least one housing 4, preferably throughout the step of rotating said at least one housing 4.
These preferred embodiments make it possible to further improve the de-coring action exerted on foundry casting "P".
The present solution also makes it possible to cause said at least one housing 4 to oscillate along axes parallel to said longitudinal axis "L"; in fact, while executing the step of activating de-coring hammers 6, in the embodiment of machine 2 wherein said housings 4 are adapted to slide along axes parallel to said longitudinal axis "L" it is possible to cause housings 4 to oscillate along axes parallel to said longitudinal axis "L", thereby further increasing the de- coring capability of machine 2 according to the present invention. The present embodiment of machine 2 advantageously includes a damping system 8 adapted to avoid the propagation of the oscillations towards both shaft 5 and support frame 3, thus preserving their integrity.
Figure 1A shows an axonometric view of de-coring machine 2. In this figure two housings 4 are visible, each one adapted to house one foundry casting "P", e.g. an engine block .
With each housing 4 two de-coring hammers 6 are associated, which are adapted to act upon the same foundry casting .
In Figure 1A damping system 8 is partly visible, which allows controlling the vibration imparted by de-coring hammers 6 to housings 4, which start oscillating along axes parallel to said longitudinal axis "L", about which shaft 5 rotates whereon said housings 4 are secured.
The figure shows a part of power circuit 7, which is partly formed in a portion of shaft 5, in particular in the first power portion.
Said shaft 5 is rotatably driven in both directions of rotation, by angles that are multiples and submultiples of 360°, by a motor "M" .
Figure IB shows a top view of the machine of Figure 1A. This figure makes it possible to understand further construction details of one possible embodiment, provided herein by way of non-limiting example, of de-coring machine 2. In this figure the first power portion 52 of shaft 5 is visible, where there are a plurality of connectors 71 of power circuit 7.
This figure also shows the second power portion 56 of shaft 5, where a plurality of connectors 77 are present.
Between the first power portion 52 and the second power portion 56 there is a conduction portion 54. Shaft 5 is rotatably supported by a support frame 3, weighing upon two shoulders 32 through respective support portions 50. Said support frame 3 also comprises a base 30 between the two shoulders 32.
In this figure the two housings 4 are visible, in each of which a respective foundry casting has been placed.
This figure also shows, at least partially, damping system 8 that allows housings 4 to oscillate 4 while avoiding the propagation of the oscillation towards both shaft 5 and the structure of support frame 3.
Figure 2A shows de-coring machine 2 of Figure 1A according to the present invention, from which housings 4 for foundry castings "P" and damping systems 8 have been removed. Figure 2A shows a side view of machine 2.
In Figure 2A one can see the position of the first power portion 52 relative to transmission portion 51 and support portion 50 of shaft 5. The figure also shows the position of support portions 50 of shaft 5 at shoulders 32.
The figure also shows one possible arrangement of motor "M" with respect to transmission portion 51, for rotatably driving shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L" . Between said shoulders 32 there is said base 30 of support frame 3, where a hopper is provided for collecting the residues of the de-coring process.
Figure 2B shows a top view of the de-coring machine of Figure 1A, from which housings 4 have been removed. From this figure one can understand some further construction details of the illustrated embodiment. In fact, the figure shows the first slide 53 arranged at the first power portion 52, whereon a plurality of connectors 71 of power circuit 7 are formed.
In this figure one can also see the second slide 57 arranged at the second power portion 56, whereon a plurality of connectors 77 of power circuit 7 are formed.
At the support portions 50 of shaft 5 there are rolling means 34 connected to said shoulders 32 via connection flanges to allow the rotation of shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L" .
In Figure 2B it is also possible to see base 30 of support frame 3, in which the hopper is positioned, from another perspective.
Figure 3A shows a side view of shaft 5 of machine 2 according to the present invention in one possible embodiment thereof. This figure clearly shows the disposition of inlet connections 711 and outlet connections 712 of power circuit 7, formed on said first sleeve 53 of the first power portion 52 of shaft 5.
Said shaft 5 then comprises a conduction portion 54, whereon the connection ducts of power circuit 7 are formed. Coaxial to said conduction portion 54 is transmission portion 51, whereto a toothed wheel "G" is splined, whereupon motor "M" acts in order to rotatably drive said shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L" .
In proximity to transmission portion 51, and still coaxial to said conduction portion 54, there is a support portion 50, where said shaft 5 is fixed to a shoulder of support frame 3. Rolling means 34 are provided at the support portions 50, which allow shaft 5 to rotate about longitudinal axis "L" .
At the opposite end of conduction portion 54 there is the second power portion 56, which comprises the second sleeve 57, whereon inlet connections 771 and outlet connections 772 of power circuit 7 are formed.
At the distal end of shaft 5, with respect to said first power portion 52, there is the second support portion 50, in which said rolling means are located, which are not visible in the present figure.
Between said second sleeve 57 and said second support portion 50, a portion of shaft 5 is defined which is adapted to be coupled to said housings 4. In this figure pins are visible which are adapted to allow housings 4 to rotate integrally with said shaft 5 about said longitudinal axis "L" and to slide relative to said longitudinal axis "L" .
Figure 3B shows shaft 5 of Figure 3A in a sectional view relative to the plane 3B-3B. From this figure one can easily understand one possible embodiment of power circuit 7, and in particular of the first ducts 72, connection ducts 74 and the second ducts 76. In particular, this figure also shows, in transparency, the inlet connections 711 and outlet connections 712 formed in said first sleeve 53 of the first power portion 52 of the shaft 5. In this figure it is also possible to see connection ducts 74 formed in conduction portion 54 of shaft 5, wherein such connection ducts 74 are parallel to said longitudinal axis "L" . The figure also shows the second ducts 76, which respectively terminate with inlet connections 771 or outlet connections 772, formed in said second sleeve 57.
This figure shows one possible embodiment of rolling means 34, which are conveniently incorporated into a connection flange that permits connecting said shaft 5, and in particular support portion 50, to support frame 3, in particular to a shoulder thereof, thus allowing shaft 5 to rotate about longitudinal axis "L" .
In this figure it is also possible to see a toothed wheel "G" splined to shaft 5, in particular at transmission portion 51.
In the present figure it is possible to see that shaft 5 is made up of different parts suitably assembled together.
Figure 3C shows an axonometric view of shaft 5 shown in a sectional view in Figure 3B, from which it is possible to understand further construction details of one possible embodiment, provided herein by way of non-limiting example, of shaft 5 in accordance with the present invention. In particular, in this figure one can clearly see circumferential grooves 722 and the shape thereof, and also a radial hole 724 extending from said circumferential groove 722 towards a connection duct 74, which define, at least partly, said first duct 72.
Also, this figure shows more clearly inlet connections 771 and outlet connections 772 formed in the second sleeve 57 for the second ducts 76. The figure also shows one possible conformation of toothed wheel "G" and of the connection flange in which said rolling means 34 are located.
In the figure one can also see one possible embodiment of the second support portion 50 of shaft 5, located at the distal end of shaft 5 with respect to said first power portion 52, wherein rolling means 34 are conveniently housed in a respective connection flange.
Figure 4 shows a detail of the shaft illustrated in Figure 3B, illustrating more clearly the first power portion 52 with the first ducts 72, conduction portion 54 with connection ducts 74, and the second power portion 56 with the second ducts 76.
This figure illustrates more clearly the construction details of the first sleeve 53 and of the first power portion 52 for the creation of said circumferential grooves 722, each one of which is in fluidic communication with a respective connector, in particular an inlet connection 711. In this figure one can also see one possible embodiment of radial hole 724, which puts said circumferential groove 722 in fluidic communication with a respective connection duct 74. Said connection duct 74 extends from the first power portion 52 to the second power portion 56, where it connects, through suitable junctions, to the respective second duct 76, which terminates with a respective connection (771, 772) .
In the figure it is also possible to see an embodiment of shaft 5 wherein said second sleeve 57 is made as one piece with said conduction portion 54.
Figure 5 shows a detail of shaft 5 shown in a sectional view in Figure 3B, illustrating support portion 50 whereon rolling means 34 operate. This embodiment permits shaft 5 to rotate about said longitudinal axis "L" when said shaft is coupled to said support frame 3.
The de-coring machine according to the present invention makes it possible to improve the de-coring action exerted on foundry castings while reducing the time necessary for de-coring every single foundry casting, without however jeopardizing the structural integrity of the de-coring machine itself.
The de-coring machine according to the present invention allows, due to a compact structure that is easy to manufacture and maintain, reducing the costs incurred for de-coring foundry castings.
The de-coring machine according to the present invention makes it possible to easily supply power to a plurality of de-coring hammers without adversely affecting the performance of the de-coring machine itself.
In particular, it has been observed that, since multiple complete revolutions can be made in both directions of rotation, the de-coring action is considerably improved, resulting in a reduction of the total time necessary for carrying out the de-coring process and lower costs thereof.
Any embodiments not described in detail herein, but easily inferable in the light of the present description and the annexed drawings, e.g. by combining different possible embodiments of the various elements of the de-coring machine, should nevertheless be considered to fall within the technical contents of the present description and the protection scope of the present invention.
REFERENCE NUMERALS De-coring machine 2 Support frame 3 Base 30
Shoulders 32 Rolling means 34 Housing 4 Shaft 5
Support portion 50 Transmission portion 51 First power portion 52 First sleeve 53 Conduction portion 54 Second power portion 56 Second sleeve 57 De-coring hammers 6 Power circuits 7 Connector 71 Inlet connection 711 Outlet connection 712 First duct 72 Groove 722 Hole 724
Connection ducts 74 Second ducts 76 Connectors 77 Inlet connection 771 Outlet connection 772 Damping system 8 Toothed wheel G Longitudinal axis L Motor M Foundry casting P

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. De-coring machine (2) for foundry castings (P), comprising :
- a support frame (3) ;
- one or more housings (4) , in each one of which one or more foundry castings (P) can be positioned and suitably retained;
- a shaft (5) , rotatably driven by a motor (M) , and suitably supported by said support frame (3) ;
- one or more de-coring hammers (6), adapted to selectively act upon one or more foundry castings (P) positioned in said one or more housings (4) ;
- one or more power circuits (7) for supplying power to said one or more de-coring hammers (6) ;
said one or more housings (4) being suitably connected to said shaft (5), rotating integrally with said shaft (5); said shaft (5) comprising:
- a first power portion (52), in which at least one first duct (72) of said one or more power circuits (7) is at least partly formed, to which at least one power source is adapted to be connected;
- a second power portion (56) , in which one or more second ducts (76) of said one or more power circuits (7) are at least partly formed, to which one or more of said de-coring hammers (6) are adapted to be connected;
- a conduction portion (54), interposed between said first power portion (52) and said second power portion (56), in which one or more connection ducts (74) are formed, which are adapted to put said at least one first duct (72) in communication with said one or more second ducts (76); said first power portion (52) comprising a first sleeve (53), the latter being adapted to remain stationary during the rotation of said shaft (5) ;
said shaft (5) being adapted to rotate by at least 360° in at least one direction of rotation.
2. Machine (2) according to claim 1, wherein:
- said at least one first duct (72) comprises at least one connector (71) formed on said first sleeve (53), to which said at least one power source can be connected;
- said second power portion (56) comprises a second sleeve (57) ;
- each second duct (76) comprises at least one connector (77) formed on said second sleeve (57), to which a de-coring hammer (6) can be connected through a suitable power line.
3. Machine (2) according to claim 2, wherein:
- on said first sleeve (53) a plurality of connectors (71) are formed for as many first ducts (72) ; said connectors (71) being substantially aligned along at least one straight line parallel to a longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (5) ;
- on said second sleeve (57) a plurality of connectors (77) are formed for as many second ducts (76) ; said connectors (77) being substantially arranged along at least one circumference around said longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (5) ;
- said second sleeve (57) is adapted to rotate integrally with said shaft (5) ;
said one or more de-coring hammers (6) being suitably connected to said shaft (5), rotating integrally therewith.
4. Machine (2) according to claim 3, wherein said one or more de-coring hammers (6) are constrained to said one or more housings (4), rotating integrally with said one or more housings (4) .
5. Machine (2) according to claim 1, wherein said support frame (3) comprises a base (30) and a pair of mutually facing shoulders (32), between which said base (30) is positioned; said shaft (5) weighing upon said shoulders (32);
said shaft (5) comprising two support portions (50), which are rotatably coupled, via rolling means (34) , to a respective shoulder (32) of the support frame (3) .
6. Machine (2) according to claim 5, wherein said shaft (5) comprises a transmission portion (51), whereupon said motor (M) acts in order to rotatably drive said shaft (5) ; said transmission portion (51) being arranged alongside a support portion (50) of the same shaft (5) .
7. Machine (2) according to claim 5, wherein a support portion (50) is located between said first power portion (52) and said second power portion (56), coaxial to said conduction portion (54) .
8. Machine (2) according to claims 6 and 7, wherein said transmission portion (51) is located between said first power portion (52) and a support portion (50) .
9. Machine (2) according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of connection ducts (74) are formed in said conduction portion (54) of the shaft (5), which are arranged parallel to said longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (5) .
10. Machine (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein :
- said power circuit (7) is a pneumatic or fluid conduction circuit; and wherein:
- in said first power portion (52) of the shaft (5), underneath said first sleeve (53) on which at least one connector (71) is formed, at least one circumferential groove (722) is comprised, which is located in a position corresponding to said at least one connector (71);
in each circumferential groove (722) at least one radial hole (724) is formed;
each circumferential groove (722) and the corresponding hole (724) form a tract of a first duct (72) between the respective connector (71) and the corresponding connection duct (74), rotating integrally with said shaft (5) .
11. Machine (2) according to claims 10 and 3, wherein underneath each connector (71) a respective circumferential groove (722) is formed;
each circumferential groove (722) comprises only one radial hole (724) in communication with a single connection duct (74) formed in said conduction portion (54) of the shaft
(5) .
12. Machine (2) according to claim 2, wherein:
- each connector (71), comprised in said first sleeve (53), comprises an inlet connection (711) and an outlet connection (712),
- each connector (77), comprised in said second sleeve (57), comprises an inlet connection (771) and an outlet connection (772) .
13. Machine (2) according to claim 12, wherein:
- said power circuit (7) is a pneumatic or fluid conduction circuit; and wherein:
- said inlet connection (711) and said outlet connection (712), formed in said first sleeve (53), form two distinct and separate first ducts (72) ; - said inlet connection (771) and said outlet connection (772), formed in said second sleeve (57), form two distinct and separate second ducts (76) .
14. Method for de-coring foundry castings (P); said method being implemented by means of a de-coring machine (2) for foundry castings (P) ;
said method comprising the following steps:
- arranging at least one foundry casting (P) in at least one housing (4) comprised in said machine (2) ;
- tightening said housing (4) appropriately to retain said at least one foundry casting (P) ;
- activating at least one de-coring hammer (6), comprised in said machine (2) , to act upon said at least one foundry casting (P) ;
- rotatably driving at least one shaft (5), comprised in said machine, to which said housings (4) are connected;
- rotating said at least one housing (4) by making a 360° rotation about a longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (5) in at least one direction of rotation.
15. Method according to claim 14, wherein the step of activating at least one de-coring hammer (6) is carried out continuously during the execution of the step of rotating said housing (4) . Barzano & Zanardo Milano S.p.A.
PCT/IB2020/054819 2019-05-22 2020-05-21 De-coring machine for foundry castings with rotating housing for foundry castings and related method for de-coring foundry castings WO2020234818A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0111461A1 (en) * 1982-12-14 1984-06-20 FATALUMINIUM S.p.A. Decoring apparatus for hollow metal castings
JPH0647524A (en) * 1992-07-29 1994-02-22 Shigeyuki Yamaoka Device for taking out casting core
EP1995002A2 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-26 August Moessner GmbH & Co. KG. Shaking device and method for removing core sand from hollow moulds
EP2440348A1 (en) * 2009-06-09 2012-04-18 Artimpianti S.n.c. Di Genre Walter E Botta Alberto Decoring machine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0111461A1 (en) * 1982-12-14 1984-06-20 FATALUMINIUM S.p.A. Decoring apparatus for hollow metal castings
JPH0647524A (en) * 1992-07-29 1994-02-22 Shigeyuki Yamaoka Device for taking out casting core
EP1995002A2 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-26 August Moessner GmbH & Co. KG. Shaking device and method for removing core sand from hollow moulds
EP2440348A1 (en) * 2009-06-09 2012-04-18 Artimpianti S.n.c. Di Genre Walter E Botta Alberto Decoring machine

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