WO2020229061A1 - Essieu moteur d'un véhicule électrique - Google Patents

Essieu moteur d'un véhicule électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020229061A1
WO2020229061A1 PCT/EP2020/059974 EP2020059974W WO2020229061A1 WO 2020229061 A1 WO2020229061 A1 WO 2020229061A1 EP 2020059974 W EP2020059974 W EP 2020059974W WO 2020229061 A1 WO2020229061 A1 WO 2020229061A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drive
shaft
planetary
gear
drive axle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/059974
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Glückler
Johannes Kaltenbach
Kai BORNTRÄGER
Stefan Spühler
Stefan Renner
Michael Trübenbach
Original Assignee
Zf Friedrichshafen Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zf Friedrichshafen Ag filed Critical Zf Friedrichshafen Ag
Publication of WO2020229061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020229061A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive axle of an electrically drivable vehicle, comprising a first and a second electrical machine, a first and a two th drive wheel with a common wheel axle, a first and a second two-speed manual transmission with the same gear ratios, the first electrical Ma machine Drive the first drive wheel via the first gearbox and the second electric machine drive the second drive gear via the second gearbox.
  • a yaw moment occurs around the vertical axis of the vehicle as a result of the interruption of tractive power on the right wheel, which the vehicle tries to steer to the right.
  • the circuits are therefore carried out simultaneously on both sides.
  • a yaw moment e.g. B. in cure ven marsen be desired to improve the agility of the vehicle.
  • the yaw moment can be generated specifically through a different torque distribution on the right and left drive wheels (so-called torque vectoring).
  • One object of the invention is, in an electrically drivable vehicle, the drive components, d. H. to arrange the electrical machines, also known as e-machines, and the gearbox in the area of the drive axis to save space and weight.
  • two independent drive trains each comprising an electric machine and a two-speed gearbox, are provided for driving a wheel on the right side and a wheel on the left side in a drive axle for an electric vehicle.
  • Both gearboxes are the same, ie they each have the same translations and are arranged in mirror image to a center plane.
  • the first and the second gearbox each include a first and a second planetary gear set, which are each designed as an epicyclic gearbox with three Wel len, namely a spider shaft, a ring gear shaft and a sun shaft.
  • Both planetary sets are coupled to one another, ie the first and second planetary sets form a coupling gear with which two gears or translations can be switched.
  • the translations are used to reduce the speed of the electrical machine's to the speed of the drive wheel. This achieves a greater torque at the drive wheel and a greater speed range for the electric vehicle.
  • the wheel-specific drive according to the invention enables the function of torque vectoring.
  • the sun shaft of the first planetary set is coupled to the sun shaft of the second planetary set, d. H. firmly connected.
  • the two sun shafts form a common shaft, the coupling shaft, through which both planetary sets are kinematically connected to one another to form a coupling gear.
  • the spider shafts of the first planetary sets are each driven by an electrical machine, d. H. the shafts are each firmly connected to the drive shafts of the electrical machines, also known as electric machines for short.
  • the ring gear shafts of the two planetary sets are held firmly, d. H. firmly connected to the housing.
  • the spider shafts of the second planetary gear sets form the output shafts of the two two-speed gearboxes.
  • Each output shaft drives - directly or indirectly - a drive wheel of the electric vehicle.
  • the first gear is shifted by “blocking” the first planetary gear set, ie two of the three shafts of the first planetary gear set are coupled to one another. This means that the first set of planets circulates in a block, which corresponds to a ratio of 1: 1 and causes fewer losses.
  • the first gear can be switched by coupling the ring gear shaft with the sun shaft of the first planetary gear set, so that a block circulation results with lower losses.
  • the second gear is switched by coupling the ring gear shaft of the first planetary gear set with the spider shaft of the second planetary gear set.
  • both planetary sets are coupled with each other via two shafts - this results in a superimposed operation.
  • the two first planetary sets are arranged in their position on the wheel axle on the outside, while the two second planetary sets are inside, d. H. are arranged in the immediate area of the central plane.
  • the ring gear shafts of the second planetary sets located on the inside are jointly supported on the housing. This results in a gain in installation space in the axial direction.
  • the first and second gears can be shifted by shifting elements which can be actuated by actuators.
  • shifting elements which can be actuated by actuators.
  • Two shift elements are assigned to each gearbox, which are preferably arranged in mirror image to the center plane.
  • the electric machines and the planetary gear sets are arranged coaxially to the wheel axle.
  • the planetary sets or the two-speed manual transmission can be arranged radially inside the rotors will. This has the advantage of a very compact design in which the essential drive components are arranged around the wheel axle.
  • a constant transmission stage is arranged in the area of the first and the second drive wheel, which is connected downstream of the gearbox on the right and left side and causes a further transmission to slow speed. In this way, the ratios of the first or second gear of the manual transmission are multiplied by the ratio of the constant ratio stage.
  • the Konstantened GmbHenstu fe is designed as a third planetary gear set, which has a driving sun shaft, a driving web shaft and a fixed ring gear shaft, the driving sun shaft with the driving web shaft of the second planetary gear set and the driving web shaft of the third planetary gear set with the Drive wheel are connected. Due to the coaxial design of the third planetary gear set, it can preferably be integrated into the drive wheel, in particular into its wheel hub.
  • the two constant translation stages are designed as portal stages, their drive and output shafts having an offset. Due to the offset, the axis of rotation of the electric machines is offset upwards in relation to the wheel axis, resulting in greater ground clearance for the electric vehicle.
  • This version of the drive axis is also referred to as a portal axis.
  • the portal stage has a web with planetary gears, a sun gear and a ring gear, the web being fixed, the drive via one of the planetary gears and the output of the portal stage via the ring gear on the drive gear.
  • the planet gears of which at least two are arranged on the circumference, there is a power division from the drive to the output side.
  • the portal stage is geared as a spur gear with a drive gear, two intermediate gears and an output gear formed wheel, wherein the intermediate gears are in meshing engagement with both the drive gear and the output gear.
  • the center distance is increased by the intermediate gears and, on the other hand, the power flow is divided from the drive to the output.
  • the electric machines have rotors within which the planetary gear sets are - at least partially - arranged. In this way, the cavity existing within the rotors is used to the maximum as installation space for the two-speed manual transmission.
  • FIG. 1 shows a drive axle of an electric vehicle with a wheel-specific drive and symmetrical structure of two drive trains, each of which includes an electric machine and a two-speed manual transmission
  • FIG. 2 shows the drive axle according to FIG. 1, but with a shift variant for first gear
  • FIG. 3 shows the drive axle according to FIG. 1, but as a portal axle (first embodiment) and
  • FIG. 4 shows the drive axle according to FIG. 1, but as a portal axle (second embodiment).
  • Fig. 1 shows, as a first embodiment of the invention, a drive axle 1 of an electrically drivable vehicle, hereinafter also called electric vehicle for short ge, with two drive wheels R1, R2, which from a first electrical Maschi ne EM1, hereinafter also called electric machine EM1 , and a second electrical machine EM2, hereinafter also referred to as E-machine EM2 for short, to be driven.
  • the drive wheels R1, R2 and the electric machines EM1, EM2 are arranged coaxially to an axis of rotation a, identical to the wheel axis a - the drawing shows only half above the axis of rotation a, the lower half (not shown) is a mirror image of the upper trained.
  • a second power flow extends from a second drive shaft 1b of a second rotor R02 of the second electric machine EM2 to the second output shaft 2b, which is connected to the second wheel R2.
  • a first two-speed gearbox G1 comprising a first switchable planetary set PS1 and a second switchable planetary set PS2, as well as a constant transmission stage PS3, which is designed as a third planetary set PS3, are arranged between the drive shaft 1a and the output shaft 2b.
  • the same designations PS1, PS2, PS3 are used for the three planetary sets on the right-hand side as on the left-hand side.
  • the planet sets PS1, PS2, PS3 on the right side are a mirror image of the planetary sets PS1, PS2, PS3 on the left side, ie they have the same ratios and kinematically the same structure.
  • the drive axle 1 is therefore a wheel-specific drive, which is characterized by two independent drive trains.
  • the first planetary gear set PS1 and the second planetary gear set PS2 are each designed as a rotating gear with three shafts, namely spider shafts ST1, ST2, Sonnenwel len S01, S02 and ring gear shafts HR1, HR2.
  • the first planetary set PS1 is coupled to the sun shaft S02 of the second planetary set PS2 via its sun shaft S01, d. H. firmly connected; thus both planetary sets PS1, PS2 form a coupling gear with the coupling shaft S01 / S02.
  • the web shaft ST1 of the first planetary set PS1 is connected to the drive shaft 1 a, d. h the first planetary set PS1 is driven by the first electric machine EM1 via its spider shaft ST1.
  • the ring gear shafts HR2 of the second planetary sets PS2 are jointly supported on the housings (without reference number).
  • the coupling gear is driven via the spider shaft ST2 of the second planetary gear set PS2.
  • the coupling gear or the first two-speed gearbox G1 also called the first gearbox G1 for short, has two shift elements A, B, which can be actuated via a first actuator AK1.
  • the second Druckge gear G2 has two mirror-inverted switching elements D, C, which can be actuated via a second actuator AK2.
  • the switching elements A, B, C, D are preferably designed as unsynchronized claw switching elements, other well-te switching elements, eg. B. frictional ones can also be used in principle.
  • the following description refers only to the left side, i.e. H. on the power flow from the first EM1 to wheel R1.
  • the description applies analogously to the right-hand side, i.e. H. for the power flow from the second electric machine EM2 to the second drive wheel R2.
  • the first planetary set PS1 can be driven via the drive shaft 1a of the first rotor R01 and its spider shaft ST1.
  • the shift element B is closed:
  • the ring gear shaft HR1 and the spider shaft ST1 of the first planetary gear set PS1 are coupled to one another, i.e. H.
  • the first planetary gear set PS1 is "blocked" and rotates as a block with a ratio of 1: 1.
  • the translation of the first gear results from the speed ratio of sun shaft S02 and spider shaft ST2 of the second planetary gear set PS2.
  • the output from the second planetary set PS2 takes place via its spider shaft ST2 on the third planetary set PS3. With the first gear, the first gear ratio is achieved.
  • the shifting element A is closed: This couples the ring gear shaft HR1 of the first planetary set PS1 with the spider shaft ST2 of the second planetary set PS2 - this results in a superimposed operation between the two planetary sets PS1, PS2, which are coupled to one another via two shafts .
  • a second gear ratio is achieved
  • the output of the second planetary gear set PS2, ie the spider shaft ST2, is connected to the input of the third planetary gear set PS3, ie its sun shaft S03.
  • the ring gear shaft HR3 of the third planetary set PS3 is fixed, and the drive takes place from the spider shaft ST3 via the output shaft 2a to the drive wheel R1.
  • the third planetary gear set PS3 represents a constant gear ratio, with which a further gear ratio is achieved.
  • the third planetary set PS3 can be integrated into the wheel hubs of the drive wheels R1, R2.
  • the shift elements A, B, C, D are - as mentioned - preferably designed as form-fitting shift elements, in particular as unsynchronized claw shifts.
  • shifting i.e. H. when changing gear
  • a shift is carried out on the left-hand side from shift position B (first gear) to shift position A (second gear)
  • synchronization can be carried out by the first electrical machine EM1
  • the first and second planetary gear sets PS1, PS2 are arranged coaxially to the two electrical machines EM1, EM2 and radially within the two rotors R01, R02. In this way, the hollow space made available by the rotors R01, R02 can be largely filled and installation space in the direction of the axis of rotation a can be saved.
  • Fig. 2 shows, as a second embodiment of the invention, a drive axle 2 with two-speed gearboxes G1 a, G2a, which compared to the two-speed gearboxes G1, G2 like.
  • Fig.1 have a circuit variant. The same reference symbols are used for identical or analogous parts.
  • the formation of the first gear through a blocking variant is different here.
  • the switching element B is closed and the ring gear shaft HR1 is locked to the sun shaft S01, i.e. H. the first planetary set PS1 runs - like in the first embodiment example.
  • Fig. 1 - as a block around.
  • the formation of the second gear by closing the shift element A takes place as in the first embodiment according to FIG.
  • the drive axle 2 is also constructed in mirror image with respect to the center plane M.
  • Switching element A on the left corresponds to switching element C on the right, switching element B corresponds to switching element D.
  • Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, a drive axle 3, wel che with respect to the arrangement of the electrical machines EM1, EM2 and the two-speed gearbox G1, G2 of the drive axle 1 corresponds to FIG.
  • the drive axle 3 is designed as a so-called portal axle.
  • Fig. 1 designed as a third planetary gear set PS3, is replaced by a portal step P01, on both sides in the area of the drive wheels R1, R2.
  • the portal stage P01 is designed as a planetary set and has a web 31, planet gears 32, 33, which are mounted opposite the web 31, a sun gear 34 and a ring gear 35.
  • the web 31 is fixed to the housing, so the planetary gear set is designed as a stationary gear and runs with a stationary translation.
  • the drive takes place from the spider shaft ST2 of the second planetary gear set PS2 on the planetary gear 32.
  • the output takes place via the ring gear 35 on the drive shaft 2a and thus on the drive gear R1.
  • the portal step P01 has between its drive shaft ST2, coaxial to the axis of rotation of the electric machine EM1, and its output shaft 2a, coaxial to the wheel axis a, have an axial offset h1.
  • This gear arrangement with offset axis is referred to as a portal axis and has the advantage of greater ground clearance for the electric vehicle compared to the variants described above.
  • the portal step P01 on the right-hand side which drives the right drive wheel R2
  • the portal step P01 on the left-hand side is designed as a mirror image of the portal step P01 on the left-hand side and has the same slow-speed ratio.
  • Fig. 4 shows as a further embodiment of the invention, a drive axle 4, which like the drive axle 3.
  • Fig. 3 corresponds, but has a modified portal stage P02.
  • the same reference symbols are used for the same parts.
  • the portal stage P02 is designed as a spur gear and has a drive gear 41 driven by the spider shaft ST2 of the second planetary set PS2, two inter mediate gears 42, 43 and an output gear 44 which drives the wheel R1 via the output shaft 2a.
  • the spider shaft ST2 of the second planetary gear set PS2 and the output shaft 2b ko axially to the wheel axis a, there is an offset h2.
  • the two intermediate gears 42, 43 are rotated into the plane of the drawing for the sake of illustration - they mesh with both the drive gear 41 and the output gear 44.
  • a figure at the top left in Fig. 4 shows the four gears 41, 42, 43, 44 as a view in the axial direction: It can be seen from this that the center distance between the drive gear 41 and the output gear 44 is determined by the arrangement of the intermediate gears 42, 43 is enlarged.
  • the two intermediate wheels 42, 43 result in a power sharing.
  • the second portal step P02 on the right-hand side is constructed in a mirror-inverted manner to the first on the left-hand side and has the same translation.
  • the translation of the third planetary gear set PS3, which forms a constant translation stage, is optional, ie the constant translation stage can be dispensed with if the two translations of the first and second gear of the gearboxes G1, G2 are sufficient.
  • the two electrical machines EM1, EM2 can each be composed of several partial machines, which can also be connected to the drive shaft 1 a or 1 b by further transmission elements.
  • a retarder e.g. a vortex brake or a hydraulic retarder
  • a retarder can be coupled to each of the shafts mentioned above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un essieu moteur d'un véhicule électrique, comprenant un premier et un deuxième moteur électrique (EM1, EM2), une première et une deuxième roue d'entraînement (R1, R2) présentant un axe de roue (a) commun, ainsi qu'une première et une deuxième boîte de vitesses à deux vitesses (G1, G2) présentant des rapports de transmission identiques. Le premier moteur électrique (EM1) entraîne la première roue d'entraînement (R1) par l'intermédiaire de la première boîte de vitesses à deux vitesses (G1), et le deuxième moteur électrique (EM2) entraîne la deuxième roue d'entraînement (R2) par l'intermédiaire de la deuxième boîte de vitesses à deux vitesses (G2). La première et la deuxième boîte de vitesses à deux vitesses (G1, G2) comportent respectivement un premier train épicycloïdal (PS1) et un deuxième train épicycloïdal (PS2) qui est accouplé audit premier train épicycloïdal, le premier train épicycloïdal (PS1) et le deuxième train épicycloïdal (PS2) comprenant respectivement un arbre à palier (ST1, ST2), un arbre de couronne (HR1, HR2) et un arbre de solaire (SO1, SO2).
PCT/EP2020/059974 2019-05-14 2020-04-08 Essieu moteur d'un véhicule électrique WO2020229061A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019206950.9 2019-05-14
DE102019206950.9A DE102019206950A1 (de) 2019-05-14 2019-05-14 Antriebsachse eines Elektrofahrzeuges

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020229061A1 true WO2020229061A1 (fr) 2020-11-19

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PCT/EP2020/059974 WO2020229061A1 (fr) 2019-05-14 2020-04-08 Essieu moteur d'un véhicule électrique

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WO (1) WO2020229061A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021133268A1 (de) * 2021-12-15 2023-06-15 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Elektrischer Antrieb eines Fahrzeuges

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009002437A1 (de) 2009-04-16 2010-10-21 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Schaltverfahren bei einem rein elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeug
DE102011056047A1 (de) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-06 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Antriebsstrang eines rein elektrisch allradbetreibbaren Kraftfahrzeuges
US20140256493A1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2014-09-11 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Shift gearbox for use with an electric machine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009002437A1 (de) 2009-04-16 2010-10-21 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Schaltverfahren bei einem rein elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeug
DE102011056047A1 (de) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-06 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Antriebsstrang eines rein elektrisch allradbetreibbaren Kraftfahrzeuges
US20140256493A1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2014-09-11 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Shift gearbox for use with an electric machine

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