WO2020228920A1 - Dispositif d'accumulation temporaire et de distribution de l'eau - Google Patents

Dispositif d'accumulation temporaire et de distribution de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020228920A1
WO2020228920A1 PCT/EP2019/000144 EP2019000144W WO2020228920A1 WO 2020228920 A1 WO2020228920 A1 WO 2020228920A1 EP 2019000144 W EP2019000144 W EP 2019000144W WO 2020228920 A1 WO2020228920 A1 WO 2020228920A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support structure
shape memory
memory polymer
storage material
way shape
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/000144
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thorsten Pretsch
Fabian FRIEß
Mario Walter
Erik Wischerhoff
Martin Krus
Sandra Pappert
Christian TEICHT
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to DE112019007328.1T priority Critical patent/DE112019007328A5/de
Priority to PCT/EP2019/000144 priority patent/WO2020228920A1/fr
Publication of WO2020228920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020228920A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0027—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by direct contact between vapours or gases and the cooling medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/263—Drying gases or vapours by absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/202—Polymeric adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
    • B01D2253/34—Specific shapes
    • B01D2253/342—Monoliths
    • B01D2253/3425—Honeycomb shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for temporary
  • CONFIRMATION COPY Long-term maintenance of relatively high amounts of energy of more than 3 kWh per m 3 of desalinated water, which limits their use to a few, more highly developed industrialized countries.
  • mist catchers are known in practice for collecting air humidity, which enable water to be obtained directly from the atmosphere by condensation of the air humidity on textile surfaces.
  • the amount of water that can be obtained as a result is very limited, where humidity of almost 100% is required for the extraction of water.
  • a device for extracting water from an aerosol, such as fog in particular, by means of a textile separating element for separating the liquid contained in the aerosol is known, for example, from DE 10 2008 042 069 A1, the separating element being formed from a three-dimensional textile structure .
  • JP 06-322798 A describes a closed device for extracting water by absorbing air humidity on a sorbent in the form of a polymeric hyd rogel, the hydrogel having the property of absorbing moisture up to a certain switching temperature and water in from this switching temperature to be released in condensed form.
  • DE 10 2010 047 788 B4 discloses a device for obtaining drinking water by absorbing air humidity from ambient air, which device contains a sorbent immobilized on or in a carrier substrate. While the carrier substrate is a tex tiles fabric or a fleece, a polymeric hydrogel is provided as Sorptionsmit tel. The release of water from the hydrogel can be switched by changing the ambient temperature, the release of water from the hydrogel after reaching or exceeding a switching temperature of the hydrogel taking place in condensed form and the carrier substrate having a darkened, in particular black, surface around the hydrogel To warm sunlight.
  • the known device has a simple construction and enables, in particular, due to the switching properties of the hydrogel, an extraction of water in relative large quantities without external energy having to be supplied.
  • the invention has the object zugrun ⁇ de, an apparatus for temporarily storing and outputting of water of the type mentioned in a simple and kos ⁇ -effective way to further develop such a way that it without the need for a power supply, a comparison with the prior art elevated storage - and in particular has output capacity of water.
  • this object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned in that the support structure contains at least one two-way shape memory polymer or is formed entirely from it, the least one two-way shape memory polymer between the support structure
  • the at least one two-way shape memory polymer at least
  • first form is converted into the second form
  • Shape memory polymers are polymers that usually consist of at least two polymer components or, in particular, consist of a polymer component with different segments. On the one hand, these are “hard” segments that also function as network points. On the other hand, there are “soft” segments that connect the network points with each other and are also known as switching segments and are amorphous or elastic at elevated temperatures, while they are rigid at lower temperatures (in this case they are partially crystalline or glazed Form before). Such polymers can be programmed with regard to their shape by heating them to a temperature which at least corresponds to the so-called switching temperature at which the phase transition (glass transition or melting transition) of the soft or switching segments takes place.
  • the polymer can then be mechanically deformed under the action of a deformation force, after which it can be cooled to its so-called shape-fixing temperature while maintaining the deformation, which corresponds to the crystallization temperature or glass transition temperature of the soft or switching segments and in the area of the Switching temperature can lie, but is usually at least somewhat lower in comparison.
  • the soft or switching segments are then again in partially crystalline or glazed form so that the shape is retained.
  • this shaping is only temporary in that when a mechanically deformed shape memory polymer "programmed” in this way is heated to a certain temperature, namely to its switching temperature, the soft segments (switching segments) are converted back into their amorphous shape so that they the restoring force induced by the hard component (network points) can no longer counteract and the shape memory polymer returns to its original shape, the mechanical deformation mung is thus "reversed” without the need for a renewed application of force.
  • thermoresponsive polymers In addition to such a shape memory, thermoresponsive polymers generally also have a temperature memory. This is understood to mean that when the shape memory effect is triggered, the shape recovery begins approximately at the temperature at which the mechanical deformation was previously introduced into the material.
  • a material behavior for example, show polymers with semi-crystalline network structures, such as thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (N. Fritzsche, T. Pretsch in Macromolecules 47_, 2014, 5952-5959; N. Mirtschin, T.
  • polymers with shape memory properties which have two-way shape memory properties and can consequently be switched in a thermo-reversible manner
  • the switching segments of such two-way shape memory polymers primarily at the transition between their crystalline state and its mainly amorphous state experience a change in shape in such a way that on the one hand by means of cooling the polymer below the crystallization temperature, which is referred to in the context of the present disclosure as the "second switching temperature”, on the other hand by heating the polymer in the switching temperature range, which in the context of the present disclosure is referred to as "first switching temperature", reversible between their permanent shape and their temporary shape can be switched back and forth, ie the appropriately programmed polymer automatically deforms back and forth with appropriate temperature control.
  • Such polymers are known, for example, from T. Pretsch, M. Bothe: “Bidirectional actua- tion of a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer", Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2_0 (2013), 14.491-14.497.
  • two-way shape memory polymers which develop their two-way shape memory properties in particular under the action of a permanent mechanical preload, such as as a result of permanent pressure, so that they are under permanent tension, in order to promote the crystallization of the soft segments during the cooling, as it is for example from the article by M.
  • a permanent mechanical preload such as as a result of permanent pressure
  • the support structure contains at least one such two-way shape memory polymer or is formed essentially entirely therefrom, the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure being programmed in such a way that it is at least between
  • the at least one shape memory polymer of the support structure has at least one
  • first form in which the support structure receives the storage material essentially without pressure, is transferred to the second form
  • Switching temperature at which the two-way shape memory polymer is in its first form, offers sufficient space to absorb water, such as rainwater or, in particular, humidity, while at higher temperatures (e.g. during the day) above the first switching temperature at which this is Two ways- Shape memory polymer is in its second form, the water absorbed in the storage material is squeezed out in an effective manner and consequently the water yield is increased.
  • the water squeezed out of the support structure with the at least one two-way shape memory polymer located in its second form can then be diverted from the support structure and collected in a manner known as such, for example by means of outlets or the like provided in or on the support structure and e.g. be transferred to a suitable (drinking) water reservoir.
  • a suitable (drinking) water reservoir As soon as the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure has been converted back into its first form as a result of falling below the second switching temperature, in which the support structure absorbs the storage material essentially without pressure, it can again absorb large amounts of rainwater and / or air humidity, etc.
  • the volume ratio of the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure and the storage material embedded therein can expediently, for example between up to about 100: 1 and about 1: 100 amount, depending on which - first or second - shape the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure is currently in.
  • the device according to the invention for temporarily storing and dispensing water can - as already mentioned - in particular for energy self-sufficient (drinking) water production, but also for other areas of application, such as for energy self-sufficient drying of buildings or other facilities, such as industrial systems, technical devices, Land, water, air and space vehicles, etc., used
  • the storage material can be adapted to the respective intended use. It can in any case be designed in the form of a mobile, preferably portable, system or also in the form of a stationary system.
  • the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the supporting structure can essentially not be mechanically preloaded, with a purely temperature-dependent, reversible change in shape between its first shape and taking place in the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the supporting structure, which takes place without the action of external forces its second form is programmed in.
  • Such a configuration is particularly suitable for portable devices with the lowest possible weight.
  • the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the supporting structure is mechanically under permanent tension, with at least one gravity in particular generating such a permanent tension the surface load acting on the supporting structure can serve, so that the permanent mechanical pre-load to promote the two-way shape memory effect likewise does not require any external energy supply.
  • the support structure made of the at least one two-way shape memory polymer has at least one chamber in which the storage material is embedded, the Void volume of the chamber in the first form of the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the supporting structure, in which the supporting structure receives the storage material essentially without pressure, is greater than in the second form of the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the supporting structure in which the latter compresses the storage material in order to squeeze absorbed water out of the storage material.
  • the support structure made of the at least one two-way shape memory polymer can in particular have a plurality of chambers, each of which accommodates the storage material, the chambers in particular communicating with one another, so that the moisture surrounding the device as a result of diffusion is easily and quickly absorbed the storage material of each chamber is able to penetrate or to be pressed out therefrom and removed.
  • the chamber (s) can basically have virtually any shape, which expediently allows the chambers to be arranged close to one another and / or one above the other, the at least one chamber being essentially cylindrical, square or honeycomb-shaped, for example can.
  • the support structure - as already mentioned - can be designed with appropriate outlets and, in the case of a structure comprising several chambers, in particular also have passages arranged between adjacent chambers (the at least one two-way shape memory polymer in this case can be compact and essentially comprise plate-shaped support elements which form the walls of a respective chamber), it can alternatively or additionally preferably be provided that the Will support structure is at least partially porous, wherein the may be present at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure, in particular in the form of a front ⁇ namely open-cell foam, wel ⁇ cher, for example through the use of blowing agents in the two-way shape memory polymer produced during the Formge bung can.
  • the support structure made of the at least one two-way shape memory polymer can furthermore preferably have a substantially sandwich-like structure, each layer of such a sandwich-like structure being able to comprise, for example, a plurality of chambers of the type described above, or each layer has one in Substantially plate-shaped extension, the storage material being accommodated between such approximately plate-shaped support elements of the support structure.
  • the essentially plate-shaped support elements can in turn e.g. formed from the at least one two-way shape memory polymer in compact form and formed with a plurality of the nenden passages for mass transfer, or the at least one two-way shape memory polymer can be in the form of a primarily open-pored foam, for example.
  • the support structure consists of the at least one two-way shape memory polymer comprises essentially lattice and / or net-shaped support elements, which ensure a very high mass transfer through the openings of the lattice or net through ge ⁇ , such as lattice and / or net-shaped support elements of the support structure in turn sandwiched over and / or can be arranged next to one another in order to accommodate the storage material between them, or the approximately grid-like and / or net-shaped support elements of the support structure can in turn form, for example, a plurality of chambers which accommodate the storage material.
  • the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure can in this case likewise be compact or also foamed.
  • the first and second switching temperature of the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure can be adapted to the respective intended use, in particular by appropriate selection and chain length of its switching segments, in particular when the device according to the invention is used for temporarily storing and dispensing water for (drinking) water production in arid or semi-arid dry areas, for example, it can be provided that
  • a two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure from its first form, in which the support structure absorbs the storage material essentially without pressure, into the second form, in which the support structure compresses the storage material in order to press absorbed water out of the storage material, is transferred between approximately 10 ° C and about 70 ° C, in particular between about 15 ° C and about 60 ° C, preferably between about
  • the second switching temperature at which the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure is converted from its second shape into the first shape, between about -20 ° C and about 35 ° C, in particular between about -10 ° C and about 30 ° C , preferably between about 0 ° C and about 25 ° C, e.g. is between about 10 ° C and about 20 ° C.
  • first switching temperature melting temperature
  • second switching temperature crystallization temperature
  • the first and second switching temperatures are very close, for example by about 1 ° C. or a few ° C., or the first and second switching temperatures can also be several ° C., for example up to about 30 ° C or up to about 35 ° C.
  • any known two-way shape memory polymers can be used for the support structure, the switching temperatures of which can be used in a range suitable for the respective purpose of the device according to the invention for the temporary storage and dispensing of water, this can be the case at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure, for example preferably a, in particular thermoplastic, polyurethane elastomer act.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2_0 (2013), 14,491-14,497 known, with a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with hard segments or network points based on methylenediphenyl isocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (crystalline / amorphous) and with switching or
  • MDI methylenediphenyl isocyanate
  • 1,4-butanediol crystalline / amorphous
  • Soft segments based on polybutylene-1,4-adipate which can be obtained by reacting 1,4-butanediol with adipic acid, should be mentioned. If this polymer is heated for the first time to a deformation temperature of about 60 ° C, it can be programmed, preferably with a slow deformation rate of for example about 1% / s, for example with a total elongation of up to about 1000% whereupon it is cooled to about 0 ° C. to a length dimension of the material to he ⁇ aim.
  • first switching temperature the switching temperature range
  • second switching temperature the crystallization temperature
  • Examples of two-way shape memory polymers whose two-way shape memory properties can be enhanced in particular by the action of a permanent pressure load so that the two-way shape memory polymer is under permanent mechanical tension are, for example, from the article by M. Bothe, T. Pretsch : “Two-Way Shape Changes of a Shape Memory Poly (ester urethane)" in Macromol. Chem. Phys.
  • Such a two-way shape memory polymer can be subjected to a mechanical stress, for example in the range of about 1.5 MPa.
  • a mechanical stress for example in the range of about 1.5 MPa.
  • second switching temperature crystallization temperature
  • first switching temperature melting temperature
  • the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure can, for example, only be subject to permanent mechanical tension in some areas, such as due to the gravitation of a surface load that only acts on the support structure in some areas.
  • the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure with an electromagnetic Radiation in the infrared and / or ultraviolet spectrum absorbing medium is offset and / or coated so that it is particularly with increasing outside temperature
  • the support structure for this purpose can in the simplest case, for example, be provided with a coating or paint with a dark, preferably black, color applied to at least the outside.
  • At least one, in particular powder or particulate, additive with properties that absorb infrared and / or ultraviolet radiation is added to the at least one two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure, such as filling and / or or reinforcing materials based on carbon, for example in the form of graphite or expanded graphite, soot, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene flakes or the like, metals and metal compounds including their alloys and oxides etc., of course also Combinations of several different filler materials can be used.
  • the at least one polymer with two-way shape memory properties for example, in particular dark, dyes or pigments or in principle also other additives largely known as such from the prior art, in particular biocompatible and physiologically harmless additives, such as lubricants,
  • Plasticizers plasticizers, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, reinforcements agents, flame retardants, antistatic agents, hydrolysis stabilizers, impact modifiers, biostatic agents (see also below), etc.
  • the compressible storage material of OF INVENTION ⁇ to the invention device type for temporary storage and off of water in principle any known, to re versiblen absorption of water and in particular hygroskopi specific storage materials are concerned, it may preferably be a Superabsor over at the memory material, in particular in the form of a hydrogel or airgel.
  • the latter are highly porous solids with a pore volume fraction of up to 99.99%, based on the total volume of the airgel, which can be used for example on a silicate basis, but also on a plastic, carbon or similar basis .
  • the storage material can be e.g. a polymeric hydrogel, in particular based on polyacrylic acid including its amides, starch including its copolymers, cellulose including its copolymers and / or cotton, han.
  • the storage material can in particular have a volume phase transition temperature at which it experiences a change in volume, the volume phase transition temperature in particular between about 5 ° C and about 50 ° C, preferably between about 10 ° C and about 45 ° C, for example between about 15 ° C and about 40 ° C or between about 15 ° C and about 35 ° C.
  • Such superabsorbent hydrogels have swellable, crosslinked structures which in the presence of water experience a volume phase transition of the so-called LCST type ("lower critical solution temperature”), where they form gels with water below the critical temperature (“volume phase transition temperature”) while they are above the critical temperature (“Volume phase transition temperature”) displace the water from the then more hydrophobic structure, so that in connection with the support structure according to the invention based on two-way shape memory polymers, the greatest possible water absorption and release capacity of the device can be ensured.
  • LCST type low critical solution temperature
  • volume phase transition temperature critical temperature
  • Volume phase transition temperature critical temperature
  • suitable polymeric hydro gels can be found in DE 10 2010 047 788 B4 cited above, which is hereby explicitly made the subject of the present disclosure.
  • the support structure and / or the storage material can be provided with an antimicrobial treatment in particular - albeit not exclusively - in the event that the device according to the invention is provided for temporarily storing and dispensing drinking water to avoid undesirable germ or fungus formation.
  • the antimicrobial finish should be harmless to health, it being possible for example to include fillers, fibers or threads based on silver and its sparingly or insoluble salts.
  • corresponding de filters for example in the form of activated charcoal filters, can of course be provided, which are inserted into the outlets of the support structure in order to filter the water obtained and squeezed out of the storage material.
  • a device for the temporary storage and dispensing of water with a compressible storage material suitable for reversible absorption of water and a support structure in which the storage material is embedded, the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure being in its first form, in which the support structure receives the storage material essentially without pressure;
  • FIG. 2 is one of FIG. 1 corresponding, highly schemati
  • the two-way shape memory nispolymer of the supporting structure is in its second form, in which the supporting structure compresses the storage material in order to press absorbed water out of the storage material .
  • the device 1 comprises on the one hand a compressible storage which is suitable for the reversible absorption of water chermaterial 2, for example in the form of a polymeric hydrogel, on the other hand a support structure 3 in which the storage material 2 is embedded.
  • the support structure 2 is made of at least one two-way shape memory polymer, such as one of the type described above, ge and comprises in the present case an approximately sandwich-like structure with a plurality of chambers 4 arranged next to one another and one above the other, in which the Spei chermaterial ⁇ 2 is embedded in each case.
  • the chambers 4 are designed, for example, essentially cuboid and are fluidically connected to one another, with adjacent chambers 4 communicating with one another, for example via passages not shown in the drawing (the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure 2 can be compact in this case, for example ), and / or the support structure 3 is open-pored, the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure 3 being in the form of a primarily open-cell foam.
  • the supporting elements of the supporting structure 3 delimiting the chambers 4 can have, for example, an approximately grid-like or reticulated structure, so that a good exchange of substances - or more precisely: moisture or water exchange - can take place between adjacent chambers 4.
  • the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure 3 can also be mixed and / or coated with an electromagnetic radiation in the infrared and / or ultraviolet spectrum absorbing medium, it being for example, especially dark, dyes, pigments or filler particles, for example based on Carbon or metals.
  • the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure 3 and / or the storage material 2 can be provided with an antimicrobial finish in order to prevent the formation of germs or fungi. As seen in FIG.
  • the apparatus 1 further comprises a below the supporting structure 3 arranged Sammelein ⁇ device 5, which serves for collecting the water 6 output, which in turn 3 provided outlets (not shown) on the underside of the support structure by means of at least and / or through the open-pored foam structure of the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure 3 can be passed ben.
  • Sammelein ⁇ device 5 which serves for collecting the water 6 output, which in turn 3 provided outlets (not shown) on the underside of the support structure by means of at least and / or through the open-pored foam structure of the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure 3 can be passed ben.
  • the two-way shape memory polymer of the support structure 3 is programmed in such a way that it is between
  • FIG. 1 A first form according to FIG. 1, in which the supporting structure 3 receives the storage material 2 essentially without pressure (the cavity volume of the chambers 4 is sufficiently large to practically not compress the storage material 2), and
  • FIG. 2 A second form according to FIG. 2, in which the supporting structure 3 compresses the storage material 2 in order to press absorbed water 6 out of the storage material 5 (the cavity volume of the chambers 4 is significantly smaller due to the deformation of the chambers 4)
  • the first form according to FIG. 1 is converted into the second form according to FIG. 2, and
  • the first and second switching temperatures which - as described above - can be relatively close to one another, can be, for example, between about 15 ° C. and about 50 ° C. or between about 0 ° C. and depending on the purpose or location of the device be around 20 ° C.
  • the device 1 which requires only very little technical equipment and is of simple construction, can be used in a simple manner and without any external energy requirements, in particular for drinking water extraction from air humidity in arid or semi-arid regions of the world by using the Humidity is absorbed by the storage material 2 in the cold hours of the night when the support structure 3 is in its first form (see FIG. 1). If the support structure 3 heats up with increasing daytime temperatures and / or under solar radiation, the support structure 3 is switched to its second form (see FIG. 2), in which the storage medium 2 is compressed and the water 6 absorbed therein is very much high proportion and is squeezed out in a short time. As soon as the ambient temperatures drop again in the evening or night, the support structure 3 is switched back to its first form (Fig. 1) and the aforementioned from the sorption process of humidity begins again.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'accumulation et de distribution temporaire de l'eau, telle que l'humidité de l'air ou l'eau de précipitations. Ledit dispositif comprend, d'une part, une matière d'accumulation compressible adapté à une absorption réversible de l'eau, et, d'autre part, une structure porteuse dans laquelle la matière d'accumulation est incorporée. Selon l'invention, la structure porteuse est formée d'un polymère à mémoire de forme bidirectionnel, qui, entre une première forme, dans laquelle la structure porteuse reçoit la matière d'accumulation sensiblement sans pression, et une seconde forme, dans laquelle la structure porteuse comprime la matière d'accumulation, pour presser l'eau absorbée de la matière d'accumulation (2), est commutable de manière réversible d'avant en arrière. À cet effet, le polymère à mémoire de forme bidirectionnelle présente une première température de commutation à laquelle il est transformé de sa première forme à la seconde forme, et une seconde température de commutation, inférieure à la première température de commutation, à laquelle il est transformé de sa seconde forme à la première forme.
PCT/EP2019/000144 2019-05-16 2019-05-16 Dispositif d'accumulation temporaire et de distribution de l'eau WO2020228920A1 (fr)

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DE112019007328.1T DE112019007328A5 (de) 2019-05-16 2019-05-16 Vorrichtung zum temporären Speichern und Ausgeben von Wasser
PCT/EP2019/000144 WO2020228920A1 (fr) 2019-05-16 2019-05-16 Dispositif d'accumulation temporaire et de distribution de l'eau

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PCT/EP2019/000144 WO2020228920A1 (fr) 2019-05-16 2019-05-16 Dispositif d'accumulation temporaire et de distribution de l'eau

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