WO2020224404A1 - Conception de protection inégale (uep) pour modulation d'ordre élevé - Google Patents

Conception de protection inégale (uep) pour modulation d'ordre élevé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020224404A1
WO2020224404A1 PCT/CN2020/085019 CN2020085019W WO2020224404A1 WO 2020224404 A1 WO2020224404 A1 WO 2020224404A1 CN 2020085019 W CN2020085019 W CN 2020085019W WO 2020224404 A1 WO2020224404 A1 WO 2020224404A1
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Prior art keywords
bit sequence
constellation
symbol
data
corresponds
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PCT/CN2020/085019
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English (en)
Inventor
Changlong Xu
Jian Li
Liangming WU
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Qualcomm Incorporated
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Publication of WO2020224404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020224404A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/007—Unequal error protection

Definitions

  • aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for modulation of data.
  • Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, etc. These wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc. ) .
  • available system resources e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.
  • multiple-access systems examples include 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Advanced (LTE-A) systems, code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, to name a few.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE Advanced
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency division multiple access
  • TD-SCDMA time division synchronous code division multiple access
  • a wireless multiple-access communication system may include a number of base stations (BSs) , which are each capable of simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, otherwise known as user equipments (UEs) .
  • BSs base stations
  • UEs user equipments
  • a set of one or more base stations may define an eNodeB (eNB) .
  • eNB eNodeB
  • a wireless multiple access communication system may include a number of distributed units (DUs) (e.g., edge units (EUs) , edge nodes (ENs) , radio heads (RHs) , smart radio heads (SRHs) , transmission reception points (TRPs) , etc.
  • DUs distributed units
  • EUs edge units
  • ENs edge nodes
  • RHs radio heads
  • SSRHs smart radio heads
  • TRPs transmission reception points
  • CUs central units
  • CNs central nodes
  • ANCs access node controllers
  • a BS or DU may communicate with a set of UEs on downlink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a BS or DU to a UE) and uplink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a BS or DU) .
  • New radio e.g., 5G NR
  • 5G NR is an example of an emerging telecommunication standard.
  • NR is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP.
  • NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using OFDMA with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the downlink (DL) and on the uplink (UL) .
  • CP cyclic prefix
  • NR supports beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for modulating data on a constellation.
  • the method generally includes modulating data based on a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation, wherein each symbol of the first constellation comprises a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence, and wherein the second bit sequence corresponds to a symbol of a second constellation and the third bit sequence corresponds a symbol of a third constellation, and transmitting the data modulated using the first constellation.
  • the method generally includes receiving data modulated using a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation, wherein each symbol of the first constellation comprises a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence, and wherein the second bit sequence corresponds to a symbol of a second constellation and the third bit sequence corresponds a symbol of a third constellation, and demodulating the data based on the modulation scheme.
  • the apparatus generally includes a processing system configured to modulate data based on a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation, wherein each symbol of the first constellation comprises a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence, and wherein the second bit sequence corresponds to a symbol of a second constellation and the third bit sequence corresponds a symbol of a third constellation and a transmitter configured to transmit the data modulated using the first constellation.
  • the apparatus generally includes a receiver configured to receive data modulated using a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation, wherein each symbol of the first constellation comprises a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence, and wherein the second bit sequence corresponds to a symbol of a second constellation and the third bit sequence corresponds a symbol of a third constellation, and a processing system configured to demodulate the data based on the modulation scheme.
  • the apparatus generally includes means for modulating data based on a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation, wherein each symbol of the first constellation comprises a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence, and wherein the second bit sequence corresponds to a symbol of a second constellation and the third bit sequence corresponds a symbol of a third constellation, and means for transmitting the data modulated using the first constellation.
  • the apparatus generally includes means for receiving data modulated using a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation, wherein each symbol of the first constellation comprises a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence, and wherein the second bit sequence corresponds to a symbol of a second constellation and the third bit sequence corresponds a symbol of a third constellation, and means for demodulating the data based on the modulation scheme.
  • Certain aspects provide a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon to cause an apparatus to modulate data based on a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation, wherein each symbol of the first constellation comprises a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence, and wherein the second bit sequence corresponds to a symbol of a second constellation and the third bit sequence corresponds a symbol of a third constellation, and transmit the data modulated using the first constellation.
  • Certain aspects provide a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon to cause an apparatus to receive data modulated using a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation, wherein each symbol of the first constellation comprises a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence, and wherein the second bit sequence corresponds to a symbol of a second constellation and the third bit sequence corresponds a symbol of a third constellation, and demodulate the data based on the modulation scheme.
  • the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.
  • the following description and the appended drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example telecommunications system, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example architecture of a distributed radio access network (RAN) , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • RAN radio access network
  • FIG. 3 illustrates modulation mapping for various quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • FIG. 4 is a flow-diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow-diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the constellation, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example wireless communication system, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a communications device that may include various components configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a communications device that may include various components configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer readable mediums for modulating data in a constellation having relatively low reliability and relatively high reliability bits. For example, certain aspects are directed to techniques for designing a constellation that provide a consistent reliability gain difference between the low and high reliability bits of the constellation.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency division multiple access
  • TD-SCDMA time division synchronous code division multiple access
  • network and “system” are often used interchangeably.
  • a CDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) , cdma2000, etc.
  • UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA.
  • cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards.
  • a TDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) .
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as NR (e.g. 5G RA) , Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) , Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, etc.
  • NR e.g. 5G RA
  • E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi
  • IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
  • UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) .
  • UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A and GSM are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP) .
  • cdma2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) .
  • New Radio is an emerging wireless communications technology under development in conjunction with the 5G Technology Forum (5GTF) .
  • NR access e.g., 5G NR
  • 5G NR may support various wireless communication services, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) targeting wide bandwidth (e.g., 80 MHz or beyond) , millimeter wave (mmW) targeting high carrier frequency (e.g., 25 GHz or beyond) , massive machine type communications MTC (mMTC) targeting non-backward compatible MTC techniques, and/or mission critical targeting ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) .
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • mMTC massive machine type communications MTC
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low-latency communications
  • These services may include latency and reliability requirements.
  • TTI transmission time intervals
  • QoS quality of service
  • these services may co-exist in the same subframe.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network 100 in which aspects of the present disclosure may be performed.
  • the wireless communication network 100 may be an NR system (e.g., a 5G NR network) .
  • the UE 120a may have a modulation module that may be configured for modulating data in a constellation, according to aspects described herein.
  • the BS 110a may have demodulation module that may be configured for demodulate the data modulating in the constellation, according to aspects described herein.
  • the wireless communication network 100 may include a number of base stations (BSs) 110 and other network entities.
  • a BS may be a station that communicates with user equipments (UEs) .
  • Each BS 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
  • the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a Node B (NB) and/or a NB subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
  • NB Node B
  • AP access point
  • DU distributed unit
  • carrier or transmission reception point
  • a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile BS.
  • the BSs may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in wireless communication network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, a wireless connection, a virtual network, or the like using any suitable transport network.
  • any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area.
  • Each wireless network may support a particular radio access technology (RAT) and may operate on one or more frequencies.
  • a RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc.
  • a frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, a subband, etc.
  • Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs.
  • NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.
  • a BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or other types of cells.
  • a macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription.
  • a pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription.
  • a femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) , UEs for users in the home, etc. ) .
  • CSG Closed Subscriber Group
  • a BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS.
  • a BS for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS.
  • a BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS.
  • the BSs 110a, 110b and 110c may be macro BSs for the macro cells 102a, 102b and 102c, respectively.
  • the BS 110x may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102x.
  • the BSs 110y and 110z may be femto BSs for the femto cells 102y and 102z, respectively.
  • a BS may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells.
  • Wireless communication network 100 may also include relay stations.
  • a relay station is a station that receives a transmission of data and/or other information from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and sends a transmission of the data and/or other information to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS) .
  • a relay station may also be a UE that relays transmissions for other UEs.
  • a relay station 110r may communicate with the BS 110a and a UE 120r in order to facilitate communication between the BS 110a and the UE 120r.
  • a relay station may also be referred to as a relay BS, a relay, etc.
  • Wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs of different types, e.g., macro BS, pico BS, femto BS, relays, etc. These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impact on interference in the wireless communication network 100.
  • macro BS may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 20 Watts) whereas pico BS, femto BS, and relays may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 1 Watt) .
  • Wireless communication network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation.
  • the BSs may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may be approximately aligned in time.
  • the BSs may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may not be aligned in time.
  • the techniques described herein may be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operation.
  • a network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and provide coordination and control for these BSs.
  • the network controller 130 may communicate with the BSs 110 via a backhaul.
  • the BSs 110 may also communicate with one another (e.g., directly or indirectly) via wireless or wireline backhaul.
  • the UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile.
  • a UE may also be referred to as a mobile station, a terminal, an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a station, a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) , a cellular phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, an appliance, a medical device or medical equipment, a biometric sensor/device, a wearable device such as a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wrist band, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet, etc.
  • CPE Customer Premises Equipment
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • eMTC evolved MTC
  • MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc., that may communicate with a BS, another device (e.g., remote device) , or some other entity.
  • a wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link.
  • a network e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network
  • Some UEs may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, which may be narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) devices.
  • IoT Internet-of-Things
  • NB-IoT narrowband IoT
  • Certain wireless networks utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink.
  • OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc.
  • K orthogonal subcarriers
  • Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.
  • modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM.
  • the spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system bandwidth.
  • the spacing of the subcarriers may be 15 kHz and the minimum resource allocation (called a “resource block” (RB) ) may be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz) . Consequently, the nominal Fast Fourier Transfer (FFT) size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024 or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz) , respectively.
  • the system bandwidth may also be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.8 MHz (e.g., 6 RBs) , and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 MHz, respectively.
  • the basic transmission time interval (TTI) or packet duration is the 1 ms subframe.
  • a subframe is still 1 ms, but the basic TTI is referred to as a slot.
  • a subframe contains a variable number of slots (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...slots) depending on the subcarrier spacing.
  • the NR RB is 12 consecutive frequency subcarriers.
  • NR may support a base subcarrier spacing of 15 KHz and other subcarrier spacing may be defined with respect to the base subcarrier spacing, for example, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 240 kHz, etc.
  • the symbol and slot lengths scale with the subcarrier spacing.
  • the CP length also depends on the subcarrier spacing.
  • NR may utilize OFDM with a CP on the uplink and downlink and include support for half-duplex operation using TDD. Beamforming may be supported and beam direction may be dynamically configured. MIMO transmissions with precoding may also be supported. In some examples, MIMO configurations in the DL may support up to 8 transmit antennas with multi-layer DL transmissions up to 8 streams and up to 2 streams per UE. In some examples, multi-layer transmissions with up to 2 streams per UE may be supported. Aggregation of multiple cells may be supported with up to 8 serving cells.
  • a scheduling entity (e.g., a BS) allocates resources for communication among some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell.
  • the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communication, subordinate entities utilize resources allocated by the scheduling entity.
  • Base stations are not the only entities that may function as a scheduling entity.
  • a UE may function as a scheduling entity and may schedule resources for one or more subordinate entities (e.g., one or more other UEs) , and the other UEs may utilize the resources scheduled by the UE for wireless communication.
  • a UE may function as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, and/or in a mesh network.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • UEs may communicate directly with one another in addition to communicating with a scheduling entity.
  • two or more subordinate entities may communicate with each other using sidelink signals.
  • Real-world applications of such sidelink communications may include public safety, proximity services, UE-to-network relaying, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, Internet of Everything (IoE) communications, IoT communications, mission-critical mesh, and/or various other suitable applications.
  • a sidelink signal may refer to a signal communicated from one subordinate entity (e.g., UE1) to another subordinate entity (e.g., UE2) without relaying that communication through the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS) , even though the scheduling entity may be utilized for scheduling and/or control purposes.
  • the sidelink signals may be communicated using a licensed spectrum (unlike wireless local area networks, which typically use an unlicensed spectrum) .
  • a solid line with double arrows indicates desired transmissions between a UE and a serving BS, which is a BS designated to serve the UE on the downlink and/or uplink.
  • a finely dashed line with double arrows indicates potentially interfering transmissions between a UE and a BS.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates example components of BS 110 and UE 120 (e.g., in the wireless communication network 100 of FIG. 1) , which may be used to implement aspects of the present disclosure.
  • antennas 252, processors 266, 258, 264, and/or controller/processor 280 of the UE 120 and/or antennas 234, processors 220, 230, 238, and/or controller/processor 240 of the BS 110 may be used to perform the various techniques and methods described herein.
  • a transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 and control information from a controller/processor 240.
  • the control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , etc.
  • the data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , etc.
  • the processor 220 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively.
  • the transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , and cell-specific reference signal (CRS) .
  • a transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) 232a-232t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc. ) to obtain an output sample stream.
  • Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal.
  • Downlink signals from modulators 232a-232t may be transmitted via the antennas 234a-234t, respectively.
  • the modulator 232 may be configured to modulate data via a constellation having unequal protection, as described in more detail herein.
  • the antennas 252a-252r may receive the downlink signals from the BS 110 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 254a-254r, respectively.
  • Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples.
  • Each demodulator may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc. ) to obtain received symbols.
  • the demodulator 254 may be configured to demodulate data modulated in a constellation having unequal protection, as described in more detail herein.
  • a MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators 254a-254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols.
  • a receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to a controller/processor 280.
  • a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data (e.g., for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) ) from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) from the controller/processor 280.
  • the transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) .
  • the symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by the demodulators in transceivers 254a-254r (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc. ) , and transmitted to the base station 110.
  • the uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by the antennas 234, processed by the modulators 232, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 120.
  • the receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller/processor 240.
  • the controllers/processors 240 and 280 may direct the operation at the BS 110 and the UE 120, respectively.
  • the controller/processor 240 and/or other processors and modules at the BS 110 may perform or direct the execution of processes for the techniques described herein.
  • the memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for BS 110 and UE 120, respectively.
  • a scheduler 244 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.
  • aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer readable mediums for modulating data in a constellation having relatively low and high reliability bits. For example, certain aspects are directed to techniques for designing a constellation that provide a consistent (e.g., fixed) reliability gain difference between the low and high reliability bits of the constellation, as described in more detail herein. Certain aspects enable an increase in data throughput by modulating uncoded bits onto the high reliability bits of the constellation.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates modulation mapping for various quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the constellation 302 represents a 4-QAM constellation.
  • the constellation 302 is represented in FIG. 3 in a two-dimensional plane divided into four quadrants 304, 306, 308, and 310.
  • the four points e.g., also referred to herein as symbols, or modulation-symbols
  • one point in each quadrant 304, 306, 308, 310 represent four different signaling alternatives associated with 4-QAM.
  • 4-QAM allows for modulation of up to 2-bits (referred to as bits b0, b1, where b0 is the least significant bit and b1 is the most significant bit) of information during each modulation-symbol interval.
  • bits b0, b1 where b0 is the least significant bit and b1 is the most significant bit
  • the bottom left symbol may represent the binary value “01”
  • the bottom right symbol may represent the binary value “00”
  • the top left symbol may represent the binary value “11”
  • the top right symbol may represent the binary value “10. ”
  • the constellation 312 represents a 16-QAM constellation. Extending to 16-QAM modulation allows for the availability of sixteen different signaling alternatives. With 16QAM, up to 4-bits (referred to as bits b0, b1, b2, b3, where b0 is the least significant bit and b3 is the most significant bit) of information can be modulated in each modulation-symbol interval as illustrated by the points (e.g., symbols) in each of the quadrants 314, 316, 318, 320.
  • the bottom left symbol in quadrant 318 may represent the binary value “0000”
  • the bottom right symbol in quadrant 320 may represent the binary value “1000”
  • the top left symbol in quadrant 316 may represent the binary value “0010”
  • the top right symbol in quadrant 314 may represent the binary value “1010. ”
  • the constellation 322 represents a 64-QAM constellation.
  • the modulation schemes may be further extended to a 64QAM, which provides sixty-four different signaling alternatives.
  • up to 6-bits (referred to as bits b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, where b0 is the least significant bit and b5 is the most significant bit) of information may be modulated in each modulation-symbol interval.
  • the constellation 322 is broken up into four quadrants 324, 326, 328, 330, as illustrated.
  • Different bits of constellations may have different reliabilities (e.g., bit error rates) .
  • the reliability of bits b2 and b5 may be the same and greater than the reliability of bits b1 and b4.
  • the reliability of bits b1 and b4 may be the same and greater than the reliability of bits b0 and b3.
  • the reliability of bits b0 and b3 may be the same.
  • the gap in the reliability of the bits (e.g., between bits b2 and b1) may be around 1.2 dB.
  • bits b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, where b0 is the least significant bit and b7 is the most significant bit may be modulated in each modulation-symbol interval of a 256-QAM constellation.
  • the reliability of bits b3 and b7 may be the same and greater than bits b2 and b6.
  • the reliability of bits b2 and b6 may be the same and greater than the reliability of bits b1 and b5.
  • the reliability of bits b1 and b5 may be the same and greater than the reliability of bits b0 and b4.
  • the reliability of bits b0 and b4 may be the same.
  • the gap in the reliability of the bits (e.g., between bit b2 and b1) may be around 1.4 dB.
  • RVs redundancy versions
  • NACK negative acknowledgement
  • RV0 the first RV
  • RV1 the second RV
  • RV1 the second RV
  • RV0 systematic bits of the data
  • RV0 systematic bits of the data may be modulated in high reliability bits of the QAM symbols since systematic bits are more important than parity check bits that are used for error correction.
  • the drawback to this approach is that the number of steps in the reliability of bits associated with different QAM modulation schemes is variable, as described with respect to FIG. 3.
  • the step size in the reliability of the bits is not consistent for different QAM modulation schemes. For example, a reliability gap of 1.2 dB is present for 64-QAM, whereas a reliability gap of 1.4 dB is present for 256-QAM.
  • Certain aspect of the present disclosure are directed to a design approach of a constellation that enables setting a specific reliability gap and a specific number (e.g., single) of reliability steps.
  • a constellation e.g., constellation 322
  • the 6 bits of information in each symbol of the constellation 322 may have a bit sequence that is implemented by concatenating the bit sequence of respective symbols from the constellations 302, 312, as described in more detail herein.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations 400 for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations 400 may be performed by a transmitter device, such as the base station 110 or the UE 120.
  • Operations 400 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., controller/processor 240 of FIG. 2) . Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the BS in operations 400 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234 of FIG. 2) . In certain aspects, the transmission and/or reception of signals by the BS may be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller/processor 240) obtaining and/or outputting signals.
  • processors e.g., controller/processor 240
  • the operations 400 begin, at block 402, by the transmitter device modulating data based on a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation (e.g., constellation 322) .
  • a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation e.g., constellation 322 .
  • Each symbol of the first constellation may include a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence.
  • the second bit sequence may correspond to a symbol of a second constellation (e.g., constellation 302)
  • the third bit sequence may correspond to a symbol of a third constellation (e.g., constellation 312) .
  • a subset (e.g., high reliability bits) of the first bit sequences of the symbols in each quadrant of the first constellation may correspond to the second bit sequence of the symbol in a respective quadrant of the second constellation, as described in more detail herein with respect to FIG. 6.
  • the second constellation may be an M-QAM constellation, M being equal to 2 m , and m being an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • m may represent the number of bits of each symbol (e.g., m may be 6 for 64-QAM) .
  • the second constellation may be an N-QAM constellation, N being equal to 2 n , and n being an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the second bit sequence may be associated with a higher reliability than the third bit sequence, as described in more detail herein with respect to FIG. 6.
  • the transmitter device may transmit the data modulated using the first constellation.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations 500 for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations 500 may be performed by a receiver device, such as the base station 110 or the UE 120.
  • the operations 500 may be complimentary operations by the receiver device to the operations 400 performed by the transmitter device.
  • Operations 500 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., controller/processor 280 of FIG. 2) .
  • the transmission and reception of signals by the receiver device in operations 500 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antennas 252 of FIG. 2) .
  • the transmission and/or reception of signals by the receiver device may be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller/processor 280) obtaining and/or outputting signals.
  • the operations 500 begin, at block 502, by the receiver device receiving data modulated using a modulation scheme corresponding to a first constellation.
  • Each symbol of the first constellation may include a first bit sequence corresponding to a concatenation of a second bit sequence and a third bit sequence.
  • the second bit sequence may correspond to a symbol of a second constellation and the third bit sequence may correspond to a symbol of a third constellation.
  • the receiver device may demodulate the data based on the modulation scheme.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the constellation 322, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • M-QAM Gray coded M-QAM
  • N Gray coded N-QAM
  • the bit sequences of the M-QAM constellation may be concatenated with the bit sequences in each symbol of the second N-QAM constellation.
  • the sequence for each symbol of the constellation 322 may be implemented by concatenating the n bits and the m bits.
  • the bits (e.g., b0, b1, b2, b3) of the constellation 322 may be relatively low reliable bits (also referred to as bits I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , I 4 ) and correspond to the constellation 312 in each of the four quadrants.
  • the bits b4, b5 of the constellation 322 may be relative high reliable bits (also referred to as bits h 1 , h 2 ) and correspond to the constellation 302.
  • the bits h1, h2 of symbols in the top right quadrant of the constellation 322 may have a binary value of “10” (e.g., corresponding to the binary value “10” in the top right quadrant of constellation 302)
  • the bits h1, h2 of symbols in the top left quadrant of the constellation 322 may have a binary value of “11” (e.g., corresponding to the binary value “11” in the top left quadrant of constellation 302)
  • so on the bits h1, h2 of symbols in the top right quadrant of the constellation 322 may have a binary value of “10” (e.g., corresponding to the binary value “10” in the top right quadrant of constellation 302)
  • the bits h1, h2 of symbols in the top left quadrant of the constellation 322 may have a binary value of “11” (e.g., corresponding to the binary value “11” in the top left quadrant of constellation 302)
  • so on the bits h1, h2 of symbols in the top right quadrant of the
  • the symbols in the top right quadrant 324 of the constellation 322 may be implemented by concatenating a bit sequence of respective symbols of the constellation 312 with a bit sequence of the top right symbol or quadrant (e.g., quadrant 304 as illustrated in FIG. 3) of the constellation 302.
  • the symbols in the top left quadrant 326 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 3) of the constellation 322 may be implemented by concatenating a bit sequence of respective symbols of the constellation 312 with a bit sequence of the top left symbol or quadrant (e.g., quadrant 306 as illustrated in FIG. 3) of the constellation 302, and so on.
  • bits b0 and b1 of symbols in the top left quadrant of constellation 322 may be “11” corresponding to top left quadrant of constellation 302
  • bits b0 and b1 of symbols in the top right quadrant of constellation 322 may be “10” corresponding to top right quadrant of constellation 30
  • bits b0 and b1 of symbols in the bottom left quadrant of constellation 322 may be “01” corresponding to bottom left quadrant of constellation 30
  • bits b0 and b1 of symbols in the bottom right quadrant of constellation 322 may be “00” corresponding to bottom right quadrant of constellation 302
  • the bit sequence of symbol 602 may be “110000” and implemented by concatenating the bit sequence “11” from the constellation 302 with the bit sequence “0000” from the constellation 312.
  • the bit sequence of symbol 604 may be “010000” and implemented by concatenating the bit sequence “01” from the constellation 302 with the bit sequence “0000” from the constellation 312.
  • the bit sequence of symbol 606 may be “000000” and implemented by concatenating the bit sequence “00” from the constellation 302 with the bit sequence “0000” from the constellation 312.
  • the bit sequence of symbol 608 may be “100000” and implemented by concatenating the bit sequence “10” from the constellation 302 with the bit sequence “0000” from the constellation 312.
  • the more important bits e.g., systematic bits
  • less important bits e.g., parity bits
  • uncoded bits may be modulated on the higher reliability bits
  • coded bits may be implemented on the lower reliability bits, as described in more detail with respect to FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example wireless communication system 700, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • information bits may be received at an input of a demultiplexer 702.
  • the demultiplexer 702 generates a first subset (also referred to as a first portion) of the information bits which may be input to a channel coding module 704.
  • the channel coding module 704 may use different channel coding combinations such that the reliability of each bit of the first subset of the information bits is balanced when modulated on low reliability bits of the constellation 322.
  • the demultiplexer 702 may also generate a second subset (also referred to as a second portion) of the information bits which may remain uncoded in certain aspects.
  • the uncoded second subset of the information bits and the coded first subset of the information bits may be multiplexed via the multiplexer 708 to generate a multiplexed signal.
  • the multiplexed signal having both the coded first subset of the information bits and the uncoded second subset of the information bits may be received by a UEP modulation module 710 (e.g., corresponding to the modulators 232 described with respect to FIG. 2) .
  • the UEP modulation module 710 modulates the coded first subset of the information bits on the relatively low reliability bits, and modulates the uncoded second subset of the information bits on the relatively high reliability bits of the constellation 322, as described herein.
  • the second subset of the information bits may be optionally coded via a channel coding module 706.
  • the channel coding module 706 may code the second subset of the information bits with a lower coding gain as compared to coding of the first subset of the information bits since the second subset is modulated on the higher reliability bits of the constellation 322.
  • the UEP modulation module 710 modulates the coded first subset of the information bits on the relatively low reliability bits and modulates the coded (e.g., with a lower coding gain) second subset of the information bits on the relatively high reliability bits of the constellation 322.
  • the low reliability bits may be demodulated (e.g., via the demodulators 254) .
  • the log-likelihood ratio associated with the low reliability bits may be determined.
  • the low-reliability bits may then be decoded.
  • the decoded low reliability bits may then be used to decode and determine the value of the high reliability bits.
  • any suitable constellation may be designed with this approach.
  • a 256-QAM constellation may be designed using 4-QAM and 64-QAM constellations in a similar manner.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a communications device 800 that may include various components (e.g., corresponding to means-plus-function components) configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein, such as the operations illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the communications device 800 includes a processing system 802 coupled to a transceiver 808.
  • the transceiver 808 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 800 via an antenna 810, such as the various signals as described herein.
  • the processing system 802 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 800, including processing signals received and/or to be transmitted by the communications device 800.
  • the processing system 802 includes a processor 804 coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 812 via a bus 806.
  • the computer-readable medium/memory 812 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the processor 804, cause the processor 804 to perform the operations illustrated in FIG. 4, or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein.
  • computer-readable medium/memory 812 stores code for modulation 814, code for transmission 816, and code for channel coding 818.
  • the processor 804 has circuitry configured to implement the code stored in the computer-readable medium/memory 812.
  • the processor 804 includes circuitry for modulation 820, circuitry for transmission 824, and circuitry for channel coding 826.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a communications device 900 that may include various components (e.g., corresponding to means-plus-function components) configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein, such as the operations illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the communications device 900 includes a processing system 902 coupled to a transceiver 908.
  • the transceiver 908 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 900 via an antenna 910, such as the various signals as described herein.
  • the processing system 902 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 900, including processing signals received and/or to be transmitted by the communications device 900.
  • the processing system 902 includes a processor 904 coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 912 via a bus 906.
  • the computer-readable medium/memory 912 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the processor 904, cause the processor 904 to perform the operations illustrated in FIG. 5, or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein.
  • computer-readable medium/memory 912 stores code for demodulation 914, code for reception 916, and code for decoding 918.
  • the processor 904 has circuitry configured to implement the code stored in the computer-readable medium/memory 912.
  • the processor 904 includes circuitry for demodulation 920, circuitry for reception 924, and circuitry for decoding 926.
  • the methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the methods.
  • the method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims.
  • the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.
  • a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members.
  • “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
  • determining encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
  • the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions.
  • the means may include various hardware and/or software component (s) and/or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • an example hardware configuration may comprise a processing system in a wireless node.
  • the processing system may be implemented with a bus architecture.
  • the bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system and the overall design constraints.
  • the bus may link together various circuits including a processor, machine-readable media, and a bus interface.
  • the bus interface may be used to connect a network adapter, among other things, to the processing system via the bus.
  • the network adapter may be used to implement the signal processing functions of the PHY layer.
  • a user interface e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.
  • a user interface e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.
  • the bus may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further.
  • the processor may be implemented with one or more general-purpose and/or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuitry that can execute software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality for the processing system depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.
  • the functions may be stored or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer readable medium.
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • the processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including the execution of software modules stored on the machine-readable storage media.
  • a computer-readable storage medium may be coupled to a processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the machine-readable media may include a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and/or a computer readable storage medium with instructions stored thereon separate from the wireless node, all of which may be accessed by the processor through the bus interface.
  • the machine-readable media, or any portion thereof may be integrated into the processor, such as the case may be with cache and/or general register files.
  • machine-readable storage media may include, by way of example, RAM (Random Access Memory) , flash memory, ROM (Read Only Memory) , PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) , EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) , EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) , registers, magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrical Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • registers magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof.
  • the machine-readable media may be embodied in a computer-program product.
  • a software module may comprise a single instruction, or many instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media.
  • the computer-readable media may comprise a number of software modules.
  • the software modules include instructions that, when executed by an apparatus such as a processor, cause the processing system to perform various functions.
  • the software modules may include a transmission module and a receiving module. Each software module may reside in a single storage device or be distributed across multiple storage devices.
  • a software module may be loaded into RAM from a hard drive when a triggering event occurs.
  • the processor may load some of the instructions into cache to increase access speed.
  • One or more cache lines may then be loaded into a general register file for execution by the processor.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared (IR) , radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc include compact disc (CD) , laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.
  • computer-readable media may comprise non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., tangible media) .
  • computer-readable media may comprise transitory computer-readable media (e.g., a signal) . Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • certain aspects may comprise a computer program product for performing the operations presented herein.
  • a computer program product may comprise a computer-readable medium having instructions stored (and/or encoded) thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein.
  • instructions for performing the operations described herein may comprise a computer-readable medium having instructions stored (and/or encoded) thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein.
  • modules and/or other appropriate means for performing the methods and techniques described herein can be downloaded and/or otherwise obtained by a user terminal and/or base station as applicable.
  • a user terminal and/or base station can be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein.
  • various methods described herein can be provided via storage means (e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc. ) , such that a user terminal and/or base station can obtain the various methods upon coupling or providing the storage means to the device.
  • storage means e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.
  • CD compact disc
  • floppy disk etc.
  • any other suitable technique for providing the methods and techniques described herein to a device can be utilized.

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Abstract

Certains aspects de la présente invention concernent des techniques pour moduler des données sur une constellation. Un procédé donné à titre d'exemple consiste généralement à moduler des données sur la base d'un schéma de modulation correspondant à une première constellation, chaque symbole de la première constellation comprenant une première séquence de bits correspondant à une concaténation d'une seconde séquence de bits et d'une troisième séquence de bits, ladite deuxième séquence de bits correspondant à un symbole d'une deuxième constellation et la troisième séquence de bits correspondant à un symbole d'une troisième constellation, et à transmettre les données modulées à l'aide de la première constellation.
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