WO2020222026A1 - System and method for the environment monitoring by the means of generic network device - Google Patents
System and method for the environment monitoring by the means of generic network device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020222026A1 WO2020222026A1 PCT/IB2019/053478 IB2019053478W WO2020222026A1 WO 2020222026 A1 WO2020222026 A1 WO 2020222026A1 IB 2019053478 W IB2019053478 W IB 2019053478W WO 2020222026 A1 WO2020222026 A1 WO 2020222026A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
- H04L43/0817—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
Definitions
- This invention relates to the environment monitoring solutions, which utilizes network devices (as Ethernet) for information coding and delivery.
- networking There is often a need to gather simple state information from remote locations with networking (LAN) infrastructure installed.
- the existence of the networking infrastructure usually means an availability of lots of unused network device interfaces (e.g. l OBaseT, 100BaseT, 1000BaseT and other Ethernet interfaces). In many cases these interfaces (here also as“ports”) are monitored, meaning that their usage state (so called UP and/or DOWN state) is known - without any additional software or monitoring system or application to be installed.
- the solution is known from the KR20030059367 (published July 10, 2003), where the solution of remotely controlling the devices in the home network is described.
- a system is using a local home-based server, which, has a network interface, which is used for communication via internet with a remote device and with the home-based devices.
- the home-based server is verifying if the remote device has some control information for some particular home-device and in case such an information exists, then it controls that particular device locally via SNMP.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a system and a method for detecting changes in e.g. environmental data without setting up a new monitoring system, by utilising simple and generic network devices with interfaces (‘network interfaces’, in brief), which have interface monitoring capabilities, at least having capabilities of identifying and reporting about up and/or down status of one or more interfaces.
- network interfaces simple and generic network devices with interfaces
- 10BaseT/100BaseT/1000BaseT/2.5GBaseT/10GBaseT network interface In case the interface allows usage of different (could be autonegotiated) communication speeds, then these different speeds can represent more than one bit of mutually exclusive data.
- the easiest link to simulate is 10BaseT, so that should be used to signal a single bit of discrete information.
- the system in general is composed in sensors with adapters, manageable networking devices and the central or distributed server for data processing and it is set up in a way, where the central server is connected via one or more networks so, that it has the access to one or more networking device’s logs or live status information and in the software, which is set to operate inside the server, the definition is given to each networking device’s interface of interest. It is important that only by adding the suitable adapters (link simulators) to the already existing system of managed networking devices, new discrete signals become transmitted. For their representation, the already existing system needs minor setup changes.
- This invention therefore allows to process gathered discrete information about the networking device’s particular interface’s status information and directly relate it to the particular sensor’s discrete state to be forwarded to the existing system for presentation or usage. For example, in data centres, using one (available and unused before) Ethernet port per rack to signal the rack door closeness is the least expensive way to set up the doors' monitoring.
- an overall schema of the invention consisting of at least one sensor 1 , at least one adapter (link simulator) 2, monitored switch 3, network 4 and
- the invention provides a system and a method for measuring environmental data, by utilising simple and generic networking interface such as an Ethernet (commonly referred to a networking type, based on IEEE 802.3 standards) interface in a switch 3 “SW-0”, which has interface monitoring capabilities, at least having capabilities of identifying and reporting about up and/or down status of one or more interfaces.
- Ethernet commonly referred to a networking type, based on IEEE 802.3 standards
- the Ethernet switch has both capabilities of storing internal log-files about statuses of the interfaces and their times, and also external control capabilities, e.g.
- telnet or secure shell access REST FITTP API, SNMP ( Simple Network Monitoring Protocol) get and SNMP trap, Netconf, Syslog protocols, access or other similar means and alternatively capable of logging internally various events with network interface statuses.
- External timestamping entity can be utilised for timestamping the network interface’s events according, which commonly are logged according to the value of to its internal clock, which is preferably synchronised with external well-known clock from one or more servers, by e.g. means of NTP communication (Network Time Protocol).
- the sensor 1 will be coupled with adapter 2, to be connected with Ethernet switch 3“SW-0”, e.g. interface“20”, and the adapter 2 is adjusted to translate the values of the sensor 1 to Ethernet interface status information, e.g. as activating the LIT pulses on the network interface and deactivating the LIT pulses on the network interface.
- Ethernet switch 3“SW-0 e.g. interface“20”
- the adapter 2 is adjusted to translate the values of the sensor 1 to Ethernet interface status information, e.g. as activating the LIT pulses on the network interface and deactivating the LIT pulses on the network interface.
- Adapter 2 is connected to monitored switch 3 via Ethernet cable 5 and the monitored switch 3 is connected to network 4 via Ethernet cable 5.
- manageable networking devices and the central or distributed server for data processing are utilised and are is set up in a way, where the central server is connected via at least one network 4 so, that it has the access (according to predefined means above) to one or more networking device’s logs or live status information and in the software, which is set to operate inside the server, the definition is given to each networking device’s interface of interest.
- the Ethernet interface’s linking speed type is used as additional parameter for translating the sensor reading (e.g. 10 Mbit/s interface type has one meaning and 100 Mbit/s has another meaning for sensor’s reading).
- a method allows to process gathered discrete information about the particular networking interface’s status information and decode it to the particular sensor’s measured value and forward it to the user or other devices for further presentation or usage.
- the system comprises at least one adapter device 2, which having at least one interface for at least one sensor 1 and also at least one interface for generic network device being an Ethernet switch 3 or Ethernet router or similar device with its ethernet interface status monitoring capabilities.
- the at least one adapter device 2 is designed to translate the connected sensor reading values only to network interface’s status signal types, being adjusted to utilise also different interface speed parameters as translation parameters.
- the at least one interface status signal types contain at least Ethernet’s LIT pulses.
- the at least one sensor 1 is connected to at least one adapter device 2 and at least one adapter device 2 and network 4 are connected to at least one interface via cables 5.
- the adapter device is equipped with at least one interface towards at the least one sensor 1 and the at least one interface towards the network device.
- the system comprises one or more network 4 connected servers utilising software product to gather and process information from network device in event-based manner or log-file manner.
- the method comprises steps of sensor 1 reading value being received by the adapter device 2, while the adapter device 2 translates the sensor reading value only into network interface’s status signal types, which causes network interface to detect connectivity with adapter device 2 interface or loose the connectivity with the adapter device’s 2 interface.
- Interface’s linking speed can be used as part of translation parameters and where the network device identifies the events of interface status changes which in turn are further processed by one or more central or distributed servers.
- the software product decodes the sensor’s 1 values from network interface’s status information.
- the method utilises at least one information translation method.
- One of such is changing sensor 1 reading value conversion to digital binary format codeword, which in turn is used to operate the interface status signal of the adapter devices 2 interface towards network interface, while in its shortest form the codeword is 1 bit long.
- Software product operated by one or more servers is adjusted to identify various adapter devices 2 with sensors 1 based on identifying the particular network device and its interface status and decoding the particular sensor 1 reading value from interface status changes and their pattern of changes in time.
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Abstract
The aim of the invention is to provide a system and a method for measuring environmental data, by utilising simple and generic network devices, which have interface monitoring capabilities (such as an Ethernet switch), at least having capabilities of identifying and reporting about 'up' and/or 'down' status of one or more interfaces, by the means of e.g. LIT pulses. By simulating the 'up' and/or 'down' state of the network interface, it is possible to deliver a limited amount of information, e.g. in one scenario, one bit per interface per transaction. This means no actual networking traffic would be passed via the interface, and only interface status information is utilised. There are many critical environmental state parameters, that can be represented as data bits to be monitored.
Description
System and method for the environment monitoring by the means of generic network device
Field of the invention
This invention relates to the environment monitoring solutions, which utilizes network devices (as Ethernet) for information coding and delivery.
Prior Art
There is often a need to gather simple state information from remote locations with networking (LAN) infrastructure installed. The existence of the networking infrastructure usually means an availability of lots of unused network device interfaces (e.g. l OBaseT, 100BaseT, 1000BaseT and other Ethernet interfaces). In many cases these interfaces (here also as“ports”) are monitored, meaning that their usage state (so called UP and/or DOWN state) is known - without any additional software or monitoring system or application to be installed.
There are also known systems, where the environmental information is collected and measured by sensors, which are designed to have interfaces to be connected to network devices and are coupled with needed software, for sending sensor reading values to the central monitoring server. The drawback of such systems is that these sensor-devices require dedicated software to be deployed, which handles the communication of the sensor data to be suitable for both network connectivity and communication with the remote server. In simpler scenarios this server is installed to the same local area network segment (e.g. household) and in more complex scenarios one or more servers are needed and may be installed to another segment of the network, which is interconnected with the local segment with sensors. In this solution network specific knowledge is needed from the user for deployment and usage of the solution, also the sensors and the server are designed to work as a single, sometimes even closed system.
A known Ethernet link detection and generation system is described in the US US5617418A (published April 01 , 1997), where the generic Ethernet linking procedure is explained in a detailed manner with proper timing values and the
variations of the timings. The limit of the given solution is that it is intended to be used for agreeing the simple predefined linking parameters of the two peering devices and it is not designed for delivering any user-specific data.
Another known solution is described in the US US2016119181 (published April 28, 2016), where the network state monitoring system is explained. According to the solution the SNMP monitor manager checks the monitoring conditions of the devices to be monitored and combines this information with the state of the monitoring information. The target of the solution is to overcome cases, when the SNMP monitoring system fails to get SNMP information, e.g. due to lack of communication with the device (e.g. device is not powered up). This solution uses monitoring manager to check and select, that in case some of the devices is not responding, then the second monitor is configured for checking the status of the non-responding device.
The solution is known from the KR20030059367 (published July 10, 2003), where the solution of remotely controlling the devices in the home network is described. Here a system is using a local home-based server, which, has a network interface, which is used for communication via internet with a remote device and with the home-based devices. In this scenario the home-based server is verifying if the remote device has some control information for some particular home-device and in case such an information exists, then it controls that particular device locally via SNMP.
Another known solution is described in the JP2006268205 (published October 05, 2006), where the solution is used for monitoring devices statuses, which are not equipped with the SNMP capabilities. In the solution additional computer is used for converting the device status information which does not have SNMP capabilities into the SNMP values. The drawback of the current solution is a usage of the local converting computer and actively requesting particular values from the device without the SNMP protocol support. Moreover, the solution is limited to Ethernet/IP connected devices and usage of telnet protocol for gathering information from that device.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The aim of the invention is to provide a system and a method for detecting changes in e.g. environmental data without setting up a new monitoring system, by utilising simple and generic network devices with interfaces (‘network interfaces’, in brief), which have interface monitoring capabilities, at least having capabilities of identifying and reporting about up and/or down status of one or more interfaces.
By simulating the up and/or down state of the network interface, it is possible to deliver a limited amount of information, e.g. in one scenario, one bit per interface per transaction. This means no actual networking traffic would be passed via the interface. Instead the status of the interface could be influenced to forward the information which needs to be sent. There are many critical environmental state parameters, that can be represented as discrete data bits to be monitored.
By utilising this method and system, it is possible to use generic networking (e.g. manageable switches) interfaces and sensors, which will be coupled with adapters, to be connected with networking device on one end and the sensor on the other end, and the adapter is adjusted to translate the values of the sensor to Ethernet interface status information, e.g. as activating or deactivating the link integrity test (LIT) pulses on the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, among others
10BaseT/100BaseT/1000BaseT/2.5GBaseT/10GBaseT network interface. In case the interface allows usage of different (could be autonegotiated) communication speeds, then these different speeds can represent more than one bit of mutually exclusive data. The easiest link to simulate is 10BaseT, so that should be used to signal a single bit of discrete information.
The system in general is composed in sensors with adapters, manageable networking devices and the central or distributed server for data processing and it is set up in a way, where the central server is connected via one or more networks so, that it has the access to one or more networking device’s logs or live status information and in the software, which is set to operate inside the server, the definition is given to each networking device’s interface of interest. It is important that only by adding the suitable adapters (link simulators) to the already existing system
of managed networking devices, new discrete signals become transmitted. For their representation, the already existing system needs minor setup changes.
This invention therefore allows to process gathered discrete information about the networking device’s particular interface’s status information and directly relate it to the particular sensor’s discrete state to be forwarded to the existing system for presentation or usage. For example, in data centres, using one (available and unused before) Ethernet port per rack to signal the rack door closeness is the least expensive way to set up the doors' monitoring.
Brief description of the figures On the fig 1 , an overall schema of the invention is depicted, consisting of at least one sensor 1 , at least one adapter (link simulator) 2, monitored switch 3, network 4 and
Ethernet cables 5.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Below the detailed description of the preferred embodiments is given. The invention provides a system and a method for measuring environmental data, by utilising simple and generic networking interface such as an Ethernet (commonly referred to a networking type, based on IEEE 802.3 standards) interface in a switch 3 “SW-0”, which has interface monitoring capabilities, at least having capabilities of identifying and reporting about up and/or down status of one or more interfaces. The Ethernet switch has both capabilities of storing internal log-files about statuses of the interfaces and their times, and also external control capabilities, e.g. telnet or secure shell access, REST FITTP API, SNMP ( Simple Network Monitoring Protocol) get and SNMP trap, Netconf, Syslog protocols, access or other similar means and alternatively capable of logging internally various events with network interface statuses. External timestamping entity can be utilised for timestamping the network interface’s events according, which commonly are logged according to the value of to its internal clock, which is preferably synchronised with external well-known clock
from one or more servers, by e.g. means of NTP communication (Network Time Protocol).
By simulating the up and/or down state and negotiated link speed of the network interface, it is possible to deliver a limited amount of information, e.g. in one scenario, one bit per interface per transaction. This means no actual networking traffic would be passed via the interface. Instead the status of the interface could be influenced to forward the information which needs to be sent. As an example, it can be thought of sensor of a door, where it is requested to know, when the door is closed and when it is open. Also used sensors can comprise among many others also a switching thermostat sensor, movement sensor, humidity sensor, leakage sensor and a voltage presence sensor etc. Commonly sensors are connected to network interfaces via an adapter device, which in turn generates the corresponding coded LIT pulses towards the network interface based on the sensor readings or status values. By utilising this method and system, the sensor 1 will be coupled with adapter 2, to be connected with Ethernet switch 3“SW-0”, e.g. interface“20”, and the adapter 2 is adjusted to translate the values of the sensor 1 to Ethernet interface status information, e.g. as activating the LIT pulses on the network interface and deactivating the LIT pulses on the network interface. There can be alternative embodiments for coding the sensor 1 value. Adapter 2 is connected to monitored switch 3 via Ethernet cable 5 and the monitored switch 3 is connected to network 4 via Ethernet cable 5.
As of a method, manageable networking devices and the central or distributed server for data processing are utilised and are is set up in a way, where the central server is connected via at least one network 4 so, that it has the access (according to predefined means above) to one or more networking device’s logs or live status information and in the software, which is set to operate inside the server, the definition is given to each networking device’s interface of interest.
In another preferred embodiment the Ethernet interface’s linking speed type is used as additional parameter for translating the sensor reading (e.g. 10 Mbit/s interface type has one meaning and 100 Mbit/s has another meaning for sensor’s reading).
A method allows to process gathered discrete information about the particular networking interface’s status information and decode it to the particular sensor’s measured value and forward it to the user or other devices for further presentation or usage.
The system comprises at least one adapter device 2, which having at least one interface for at least one sensor 1 and also at least one interface for generic network device being an Ethernet switch 3 or Ethernet router or similar device with its ethernet interface status monitoring capabilities. The at least one adapter device 2 is designed to translate the connected sensor reading values only to network interface’s status signal types, being adjusted to utilise also different interface speed parameters as translation parameters. The at least one interface status signal types contain at least Ethernet’s LIT pulses. The at least one sensor 1 is connected to at least one adapter device 2 and at least one adapter device 2 and network 4 are connected to at least one interface via cables 5. The adapter device is equipped with at least one interface towards at the least one sensor 1 and the at least one interface towards the network device. The system comprises one or more network 4 connected servers utilising software product to gather and process information from network device in event-based manner or log-file manner.
The method comprises steps of sensor 1 reading value being received by the adapter device 2, while the adapter device 2 translates the sensor reading value only into network interface’s status signal types, which causes network interface to detect connectivity with adapter device 2 interface or loose the connectivity with the adapter device’s 2 interface. Interface’s linking speed can be used as part of translation parameters and where the network device identifies the events of interface status changes which in turn are further processed by one or more central or distributed servers. The software product decodes the sensor’s 1 values from network interface’s status information. The method utilises at least one information translation method. One of such is changing sensor 1 reading value conversion to digital binary
format codeword, which in turn is used to operate the interface status signal of the adapter devices 2 interface towards network interface, while in its shortest form the codeword is 1 bit long. Software product operated by one or more servers is adjusted to identify various adapter devices 2 with sensors 1 based on identifying the particular network device and its interface status and decoding the particular sensor 1 reading value from interface status changes and their pattern of changes in time.
Claims
1. System for the environment monitoring by the means of generic network device, comprising at least one generic network device with at least one interface, at least one sensor (1 ), at least one central or distributed server, wherein the at least one network device has network (4) connection with one or more servers for data communication, while the at least one sensor interface is not directly compatible with network interface and the at least one server is suitable for running at least one software product; characterised in that it further comprises at least one adapter device (2), which comprises at least one interface for at least one sensor (1 ) and also at least one interface for generic network device, and the at least one adapter device (2) is designed to translate the connected sensor reading values only to network interface’s status signal types, being adjusted to utilise also different interface speed parameters as translation parameters, also wherein at least one sensor (1 ) is connected to at least one adapter device (2) and at least one adapter device (2) is connected to at least one networking interface, and the adapter device is equipped with at least one interface towards at least one sensor (1 ) and at least one interface towards the network device.
2. System accordingly to claim 1 , characterised in that generic network device is an Ethernet switch (3) or Ethernet router or similar device with its ethernet interface status monitoring capabilities and the at least one interface status signal type contains at least Ethernet’s LIT pulses, and the adapter device (2) and network (4) are connected to Ethernet switch (3) via Ethernet cables (5).
3. System accordingly to claim 1 and 2, characterised in that sensor (1 ) type includes among many others also a door sensor, temperature threshold sensor, movement sensor, power level sensor, humidity threshold sensor, leakage sensor and a voltage presence sensor.
4. System accordingly to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that network device is equipped with means to communicate with one or more external servers
by at least SNMP or telnet or ssh or Netconf or Syslog protocols and alternatively capable of logging internally various events with network interface statuses.
5. System accordingly to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it comprises at least one network (4) connected server utilising software product to gather and process information from network device in event-based manner or log-file manner.
6. Method for the environment monitoring by the means of generic network device, comprising at least one generic network device with at least one interface, at least one sensor (1 ), at least one central or distributed server, wherein the at least one network (4) device has network connection with at least one server for data communication, while the at least one sensor (1 ) interface is not directly compatible with network interface and the at least one server is suitable for running at least one software product, characterised in that being used in a system accordingly to any of claims 1 to 5 and it comprises steps of sensor (1 ) reading value being received by the adapter device (2), while the adapter device (2) translates the sensor reading value only into network interface’s status signal types, which causes network interface to detect connectivity with adapter device (2) interface or loose the connectivity with the adapter device’s (2) interface and where interface’s linking speed can be used as part of translation parameters and where the network device identifies the events of interface status changes which in turn are further processed by one or more central or distributed servers and where the software product decodes the sensor (1 ) values from network interface’s status information.
7. Method accordingly to claim 6, characterised in that adapter device (2) utilises at least one information translation method, one of such is changing sensor (1 ) reading value conversion to digital binary format codeword, which in turn is used to operate the interface status signal of the adapter devices (2) interface towards network interface, while in its shortest form the codeword is 1 bit long.
8. Method accordingly to claim 6 and 7, characterised in that in adapter device (2) interface towards network interface utilises Ethernet protocol rules for link activation and de-activation, where at least LIT pulses are utilised.
9. Method accordingly to any of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that external timestamping entity can be utilised for timestamping the network interface’s events according, which commonly are logged according to the value of to its internal clock, which is preferably synchronised with external well-known clock from one or more servers, by e.g. means of NTP (Network Time Protocol).
10. Method accordingly to any of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that software product operated by at least one server is adjusted to identify various adapter devices (2) with sensors (1 ) based on identifying the particular network device and its interface status and decoding the particular sensor (1 ) reading value from interface status changes and their pattern of changes in time.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/IB2019/053478 WO2020222026A1 (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2019-04-29 | System and method for the environment monitoring by the means of generic network device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/IB2019/053478 WO2020222026A1 (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2019-04-29 | System and method for the environment monitoring by the means of generic network device |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5617418A (en) | 1992-11-02 | 1997-04-01 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Network link detection and generation |
| KR20030059367A (en) | 2001-12-29 | 2003-07-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method for controlling home devices from remote place and server thereof |
| US20050113650A1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2005-05-26 | Christopher Pacione | System for monitoring and managing body weight and other physiological conditions including iterative and personalized planning, intervention and reporting capability |
| JP2006268205A (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-05 | Fujitsu Ltd | Monitor device for network equipment where snmp interface is not available |
| US20080056152A1 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-06 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Measurement data communication device, health information communication device, information acquisition device, measurement data communication system, method of controlling measurement data communication device, method of controlling information acquisition device, program for controlling measurement data communication device, and recording medium |
| US20160119181A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2016-04-28 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Network state monitoring system |
| KR20190026113A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-13 | 수상에스티(주) | Management method for industrial cloud connector and computer readable record medium on which a program therefor is recorded |
-
2019
- 2019-04-29 WO PCT/IB2019/053478 patent/WO2020222026A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5617418A (en) | 1992-11-02 | 1997-04-01 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Network link detection and generation |
| US20050113650A1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2005-05-26 | Christopher Pacione | System for monitoring and managing body weight and other physiological conditions including iterative and personalized planning, intervention and reporting capability |
| KR20030059367A (en) | 2001-12-29 | 2003-07-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method for controlling home devices from remote place and server thereof |
| JP2006268205A (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-05 | Fujitsu Ltd | Monitor device for network equipment where snmp interface is not available |
| US20080056152A1 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-06 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Measurement data communication device, health information communication device, information acquisition device, measurement data communication system, method of controlling measurement data communication device, method of controlling information acquisition device, program for controlling measurement data communication device, and recording medium |
| US20160119181A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2016-04-28 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Network state monitoring system |
| KR20190026113A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-13 | 수상에스티(주) | Management method for industrial cloud connector and computer readable record medium on which a program therefor is recorded |
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