WO2020221367A1 - 燃烧器和燃气热水器 - Google Patents

燃烧器和燃气热水器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020221367A1
WO2020221367A1 PCT/CN2020/088527 CN2020088527W WO2020221367A1 WO 2020221367 A1 WO2020221367 A1 WO 2020221367A1 CN 2020088527 W CN2020088527 W CN 2020088527W WO 2020221367 A1 WO2020221367 A1 WO 2020221367A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion
gas
burner
flue gas
flow
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PCT/CN2020/088527
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆旭
寿利萍
赵光军
梁国荣
彭晶
Original Assignee
芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司
美的集团股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020221367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020221367A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/045—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with a plurality of burner bars assembled together, e.g. in a grid-like arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F23D14/583—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/007—Mixing tubes, air supply regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/105—Porous plates
    • F23D2203/1055—Porous plates with a specific void range

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of water heaters, and more specifically, to a burner and a gas water heater.
  • Patent No. 201710314570.1 discloses a high-efficiency flue gas circulation system.
  • flue gas is directly fed into a burner for secondary combustion, and its purpose is to reduce harmful gas emissions.
  • the inventor found in his research that if the flue gas is directly fed into the burner for combustion (that is, if the gas and flue gas are not sufficiently mixed and fed into the burner), it will not only make the combustion of the burner unstable, but also cannot be effective. Reduce harmful gas emissions.
  • This application aims to solve one of the above technical problems at least to a certain extent.
  • this application proposes a burner which burns stably and emits less harmful gas.
  • the application also proposes a gas water heater including the above burner, which is safe and environmentally friendly.
  • the combustor according to the embodiment of the present application includes: a plurality of sequentially connected combustion units, each of the combustion units includes: a mixing chamber and a combustion chamber that communicate with each other, and the combustion chamber is located above the mixing chamber; A panel, the combustion panel is located above the combustion chamber, and a plurality of fire holes are formed on the combustion panel; a flue gas distributor, the flue gas distributor delivering gas and flue gas to each of the combustion units The mixed gas.
  • gas and flue gas are mixed in the flue gas distributor before being sent to the combustion unit for combustion, which ensures stable combustion of the burner and reduces harmful gas emissions.
  • the rear end of the mixing chamber is provided with an air inlet, and the front end of the mixing chamber is provided with an air outlet.
  • a swirl structure is provided in the mixing chamber, and the swirl structure is located between the air inlet and the air outlet.
  • the swirl structure is formed by connecting multiple L-shaped plates end to end.
  • a flow equalizing plate is provided in the combustion chamber, the flow equalizing plate and the combustion panel are spaced up and down, and the flow equalizing plate is provided with air holes.
  • the number of air passage holes at one end of the flow-sharing plate adjacent to the combustion chamber inlet is less than the number of air passage holes at the other end of the flow-sharing plate away from the combustion chamber inlet.
  • the diameter of the air passage hole at one end of the flow equalizing plate adjacent to the combustion chamber inlet is smaller than the diameter of the air passage hole at the other end of the flow sharing plate away from the combustion chamber inlet.
  • the combustion panel is provided with a steady flow plate protruding from its upper surface, and the steady flow plate divides the fire outlet into multiple groups.
  • a plurality of the stabilizing plates are provided between the fire outlets of adjacent groups, and the plurality of stabilizing plates are distributed along the left and right directions of the combustion unit.
  • a gap is formed between the flow stabilizing plate and the upper surface of the combustion unit, and the gap can communicate with adjacent groups of fire outlet holes.
  • each group of fire holes is divided into multiple groups, and the fire holes of adjacent groups are arranged at intervals.
  • the flue gas distributor defines a premixing cavity, the premixing cavity has a gas inlet, a flue gas inlet and a mixed gas outlet, the gas inlet is provided with a gas nozzle, the gas nozzle It extends into the pre-mixing cavity and is arranged opposite to the mixed gas outlet.
  • the flue gas distributor is a cavity structure with an open upper end, a flue gas inlet is formed on the top plate of the flue gas distributor, and the horizontal distance between the front plate and the rear plate of the flue gas distributor Gradually decrease from top to bottom.
  • the mixed gas outlet is provided with a spray pipe, and the spray pipe is arranged at an interval from the mixing chamber.
  • the mixed gas outlet is provided with an ejection tube
  • the mixing chamber is provided with an ejection tube matched with the ejection tube
  • the part of the ejection tube extending out of the mixing chamber is provided with air Lead into the hole.
  • the gas water heater according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the application includes the burner of the above embodiment. Because the burner according to the embodiment of the application burns stably and emits less harmful gas, the gas water heater according to the embodiment of the application is safe and environmentally friendly. Stable combustion.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a burner according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a front view of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a top view of a burner according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a combustor according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a front view of Figure 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the combustor in Fig. 2.
  • Combustion panel 13 fire hole 131; steady flow plate 132; gap 1321;
  • Ejector tube 15 air introduction hole 151;
  • Premix chamber 21 gas inlet 211; flue gas inlet 212; mixed gas outlet 213;
  • Top plate 23 front plate 24; rear plate 25; spray pipe 26.
  • the inventor has found in multiple combustion tests that the mixed gas composed of fuel gas, combustion air and flue gas can be burned in a flameless manner. Compared with flame combustion, the harmful gases emitted by flameless combustion are greatly reduced.
  • the inventor further found that the degree of mixing of gas and flue gas is related to the emission of harmful gases in the flue gas. The more uniform the mixture of gas and flue gas, the less harmful gas emissions are.
  • the burner 100 is applied to a gas water heater to heat cold water in a heat exchanger in the gas water heater.
  • the burner 100 includes a plurality of combustion units 10 and a flue gas distributor 20.
  • the combustor 100 includes a plurality of combustion units 10 connected in sequence.
  • each combustion unit 10 includes: a mixing chamber 11 and a combustion chamber 12 communicating with each other, and the combustion chamber 12 is located above the mixing chamber 11. That is, the combustion gas first enters the mixing chamber 11 to be fully mixed, and then enters the combustion chamber 12 to be mixed.
  • the combustion panel 13 is located above the combustion chamber 12, and a plurality of fire holes 131 are formed on the combustion panel 13.
  • the gas entering the combustion chamber 12 flows out from the fire hole 131 and is ignited, and the upper surface of the combustion panel 13 forms a combustion area through which the cold water in the heat exchanger is heated.
  • the flue gas distributor 20 delivers a mixed gas of gas and flue gas to each combustion unit 10 respectively.
  • the fuel gas and the flue gas will be premixed in the flue gas distributor 20 before being sent into the combustion unit 10.
  • the flue gas and gas are pre-mixed in the flue gas distributor 20, and then enters the mixing chamber 11 of the combustion unit 10. At this time, the combustion-supporting air is also mixed with the flue gas and gas. The gas is brought into the mixing chamber 11. Since the combustion gas contains uniformly mixed flue gas, it effectively dilutes the proportion of combustion-supporting air in the combustion gas, so that the combustion chemical reaction of the combustion unit 10 is in an oxygen-lean state, and the temperature during the entire reaction is relatively low, which is not conducive to CO and NOx. And other harmful gases.
  • the entry of gas and flue gas into the combustor 100 basically includes two processes.
  • One is the process of mixing gas and flue gas, which is specifically as follows.
  • the gas nozzle 22 injects gas at a high speed. At this time, a negative effect is formed in the flue gas distributor 20.
  • the flue gas is quickly sucked into the flue gas distributor 20 and fully mixed with the gas;
  • the mixing process of the mixed gas of flue gas and gas (referred to as the combustion gas) and the combustion air is as follows: It is injected into the mixing chamber 11, and at the same time, a negative pressure is formed in the mixing chamber 11, and enough combustion air is sucked in from the air introduction hole 151, and finally a uniform mixture of flue gas, combustion air and fuel gas (abbreviated as Combustion gas), the combustion gas burns in the fire hole on the surface of the combustion chamber to produce a relatively low-temperature oxygen-lean flame. Because the combustion conditions of the flame are in a low-temperature and oxygen-lean state, the formation of nitrogen oxides is effectively inhibited and the flue gas is greatly reduced Emissions of nitrogen oxides.
  • the combustor 100 of the present application is sequentially configured with a flue gas distributor 20, a mixing chamber 11 and a combustion chamber 12 in the flow direction of the airflow, thereby achieving the purpose of secondary injection and secondary mixing, and finally achieving uniform mixing
  • the combustion gas realizes the flameless combustion of the combustion gas under the oxygen-lean condition, produces a relatively low temperature flame, and reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides.
  • the burner 100 of the embodiment of the present application before the gas and flue gas enter the combustion unit 10, they are mixed in the flue gas distributor 20 before being sent to the combustion unit 10 for combustion, which ensures the stable combustion of the burner 100 and reduces harmful effects. Gas emissions.
  • the rear end of the mixing chamber 11 (the rear end in FIG. 2) is provided with an air inlet 111
  • the front end of the mixing chamber 11 (as shown in FIG. 2) is provided with an air outlet 112.
  • the mixed gas of fuel gas and flue gas enters the mixing chamber 11 while injecting combustion-supporting air into it. Since the air inlet 111 and the air outlet 112 of the mixing chamber 11 are located at both ends of the front and rear direction, the combustion gas in the mixing chamber 11 is extended The flow path ensures that the gas, flue gas and combustion air are fully mixed in the mixing chamber 11.
  • the "combustion gas” mentioned in this patent application all refers to a mixture of flue gas, combustion air and flue gas.
  • a swirl structure 113 is provided in the mixing chamber 11, and the swirl structure 113 is located between the air inlet 111 and the air outlet 112.
  • the combustion gas can impinge on the swirl structure 113, so that the swirl structure 113 further fully mixes the combustion gas.
  • the swirl structure 113 is formed by connecting multiple L-shaped plates end to end. As a result, a curved collision surface is formed in the mixing chamber 11 to further fully mix the combustion gas.
  • a flow-sharing plate 14 is provided in the combustion chamber 12, and the flow-sharing plate 14 and the combustion panel 13 are spaced in the vertical direction, and the flow-sharing plate 14 is provided with air holes 141. After the airflow of the combustion gas enters the combustion chamber 12, the airflow is dispersed into a small airflow through the air hole 141, and the evenly dispersed small airflow is ignited after passing through the fire hole 131. In this way, it can be ensured that all the fire holes 131 of the combustion panel 13 can obtain a stable and the same combustion gas flow, so that a stable and uniform flame is formed in the combustion area of the combustion panel 13.
  • the number of air passage holes 141 at one end of the flow sharing plate 14 adjacent to the inlet of the combustion chamber 12 is less than the number of air passage holes 141 at the other end of the flow sharing plate 14 away from the inlet of the combustion chamber 12.
  • the diameter of the air hole 141 at one end of the flow sharing plate 14 adjacent to the inlet of the combustion chamber 12 is smaller than the diameter of the air hole 141 at the other end of the flow sharing plate 14 away from the inlet of the combustion chamber 12. Therefore, it is ensured that all the vent holes of the combustion panel 13 obtain a considerable amount of combustion gas.
  • the combustion panel 13 is provided with a steady flow plate 132 protruding from the upper surface thereof, and the steady flow plate 132 divides the fire holes 131 into multiple groups.
  • the steady flow plate 132 is located between each group of fire holes 131.
  • a steady flow plate 132 is provided between the fire holes 131 of adjacent groups. Under the action of the steady flow plate 132, the fire holes 131 of adjacent groups are not prone to crossfire, which ensures that the combustion unit can burn stably.
  • a plurality of flow stabilization plates 132 are provided between each adjacent group of fire holes 131, and the plurality of flow stabilization plates 132 are along the left and right direction of the combustion unit. distributed.
  • a gap 1321 is formed between the steady flow plate 132 and the upper surface of the combustion unit 10, and the gap 1321 can communicate with adjacent groups of fire holes 131.
  • the two adjacent sets of fire holes 131 can spread flame through the gap 1321, that is, when one set of fire holes 131 is ignited, the adjacent fire holes 131 are also ignited, so that the fire holes 131 of the entire combustion panel 13 are ignited. .
  • each group of fire holes 131 is divided into multiple groups, and the fire holes 131 of adjacent groups are arranged at intervals. In this way, the fire holes 131 of each group can be ignited independently, and the fire holes 131 of each adjacent group are arranged at intervals to avoid crossfire and improve the burning stability of the combustion panel 13.
  • the flue gas distributor 20 defines a premixing chamber 21, and the premixing chamber 21 has a gas inlet 211, a flue gas inlet 212, and a mixed gas outlet 213, the gas inlet 211 is provided with a gas nozzle 22, and the gas nozzle 22 extends into the premix chamber 21 and is arranged opposite to the mixed gas outlet 213.
  • the gas nozzle 22 injects gas with a certain pressure and rushes to the mixed gas outlet 213 to form a negative pressure in the premixing chamber 21, thereby quickly sucking the flue gas into the premixing chamber 21 and premixing with the gas, and then flowing into the mixing chamber 11 ,
  • the fast-flowing flue gas and fuel gas create a negative pressure in the mixing chamber 11, thereby injecting the combustion-supporting air into the mixing chamber 11, and finally the flue gas, fuel gas and the combustion-supporting air are fully mixed in the mixing chamber 11.
  • the flue gas distributor 20 is a cavity structure with an open upper end, a flue gas inlet 212 is formed on the top plate 23 of the flue gas distributor, and the front plate of the flue gas distributor 20
  • the horizontal distance between 24 and the rear plate 25 gradually decreases from top to bottom. That is, the flow area of the flue gas gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the change of the flow area can promote the generation of turbulence in the premixing cavity 21 in the flue gas, which is more conducive to the mixing of flue gas and fuel gas.
  • the mixed gas outlet 213 is provided with a spray pipe 26, and the spray pipe 26 is spaced apart from the mixing chamber 11.
  • the flue gas and fuel gas are transported into the mixing cavity 11 through the injection pipe 26, and the combustion-supporting air is introduced by using the gap between the mixing cavity 11 and the injection pipe 26.
  • the mixed gas outlet 213 is provided with a jet tube 26, and the mixing chamber 11 is provided with an ejection tube 15 matched with the jet tube 26, and the ejection tube 15 extends out of the mixing chamber.
  • a part of the cavity 11 is provided with an air introduction hole 151.
  • the gas water heater according to the embodiment of the present application includes the burner 100 of the above-mentioned embodiment. Because the burner 100 according to the embodiment of the present application burns stably and emits less harmful gases, the gas water heater according to the embodiment of the present application is safe and environmentally friendly, and burns stable.
  • the "on” or “under” of the first feature of the second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through other features between them.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the second feature of the first feature include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is higher than the second feature.
  • the “below”, “below” and “below” of the first feature of the second feature include the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.

Abstract

一种燃烧器（100）包括：多个依次连接的燃烧单元（10），每个燃烧单元（10）包括相互连通的混合腔（11）和燃烧腔（12），燃烧腔（12）位于混合腔（11）的上方；燃烧面板（13），其位于燃烧腔（12）的上方，燃烧面板（13）上形成有多个出火孔（131）；烟气分配器（20），其分别向每个燃烧单元（10）输送燃气和烟气的混合气体。一种应用该燃烧器（100）的燃气热水器，燃气和烟气在进入燃烧单元（10）之前，预先在烟气分配器（20）内混合后再送入燃烧单元（10）燃烧，保证了燃烧器（100）燃烧的稳定，降低了有害气体排放。

Description

燃烧器和燃气热水器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为：201910365260.1，申请日为2019年4月30日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及热水器技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种燃烧器和燃气热水器。
背景技术
燃气热水器燃烧过程中会向外界排放CO、NOx等有害气体，不仅污染环境而且极易对人身安全带来危险。
专利号201710314570.1公开了一种高效烟气循环系统，该专利文献中将烟气直接送进燃烧器内进行二次燃烧，其目的是为了降低有害气体的排放。
事实上，发明人在研究中发现，若将烟气直接送进燃烧器燃烧(即燃气与烟气没有充分混匀的情况送入燃烧器)，不仅会使得燃烧器燃烧不稳定，且无法有效减少有害气体的排放。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术问题之一。
为此，本申请提出一种燃烧器，该燃烧器燃烧稳定，排放有害气体少。
本申请还提出一种包括上述燃烧器的燃气热水器，该燃气热水器安全环保。
根据本申请的实施例的燃烧器包括：多个依次连接的燃烧单元构成，每个所述燃烧单元包括：相互连通的混合腔和燃烧腔，所述燃烧腔位于所述混合腔的上方；燃烧面板，所述燃烧面板位于所述燃烧腔的上方，所述燃烧面板上形成有多个出火孔；烟气分配器，所述烟气分配器分别向每个所述燃烧单元输送燃气和烟气的混合气体。
根据本实用新型实施例的燃烧器，燃气和烟气在进入燃烧单元之前，预先在烟气分配器内混合后再送入燃烧单元燃烧，保证了燃烧器燃烧的稳定，降低了有害气体排放。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述混合腔的后端设有进气口，所述混合腔的前端设有出气口。
可选实施例中，所述混合腔内设有旋流结构，所述旋流结构位于所述进气口和所述出气 口之间。
可选示例中，所述旋流结构由多个L形板首尾连接构成。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述燃烧腔内设有均流板，所述均流板与所述燃烧面板在上下方向间隔设置，所述均流板上设有过气孔。
可选示例中，所述均流板邻近所述燃烧腔入口一端的过气孔数量少于所述均流板远离所述燃烧腔入口的另一端的过气孔数量。
可选示例中，所述均流板邻近所述燃烧腔入口一端的所述过气孔的孔径小于所述均流板远离所述燃烧腔入口的另一端的所述过气孔的孔径。
可选示例中，所述燃烧面板设有突出其上表面的稳流板，所述稳流板将所述出火孔分成多组。
在本申请一个具体实施例中，相邻组的出火孔之间设有多个所述稳流板，多个稳流板沿燃烧单元的左右方向分布。
在本申请一个具体实施例中，所述稳流板与所述燃烧单元的上表面之间形成空隙，所述空隙可以连通相邻组的出火孔。
在本申请一个具体实施例中，每组出火孔被分成多个小组，相邻小组的出火孔间隔设置。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述烟气分配器限定出预混腔，所述预混腔具有燃气入口、烟气入口和混合气体出口，所述燃气入口设有燃气喷嘴，所述燃气喷嘴伸入所述预混腔内与所述混合气体出口相对设置。
可选实施例中，所述烟气分配器为上端敞开的腔体结构，所述烟气分配器的顶板上形成有烟气入口，所述烟气分配器的前板与后板的水平间距自上而下逐渐减小。
可选实施例中，所述混合气体出口设有喷射管，所述喷射管与所述混合腔间隔设置。
可选实施例中，所述混合气体出口设有喷射管，所述混合腔内设有与所述喷射管配合的引射管，所述引射管伸出所述混合腔的部分设有空气导入孔。
根据本申请第二方面实施例的燃气热水器包括上述实施例的燃烧器，由于根据本申请实施例的燃烧器燃烧稳定，排放的有害气体少，因此，根据本申请实施例的燃气热水器安全环保，燃烧稳定。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本申请一些实施例的燃烧器的立体图；
图2是图1的剖视图；
图3是图2的主视图；
图4是根据本申请另一些实施例的燃烧器的俯视图；
图5是根据本申请另一些实施例的燃烧器的剖视图；
图6是图5的主视图；
图7是图2中燃烧器的局部放大图。
附图标记：
燃烧器100；
燃烧单元10；
混合腔11；进气口111；出气口112；旋流结构113；
燃烧腔12；
燃烧面板13；出火孔131；稳流板132；空隙1321；
均流板14；过气孔141；
引射管15；空气导入孔151；
烟气分配器20；
预混腔21；燃气入口211；烟气入口212；混合气体出口213；
燃气喷嘴22；
顶板23；前板24；后板25；喷射管26。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
发明人在多次燃烧试验中发现，燃气、助燃空气和烟气组成的混合气体可以以无焰方式燃烧，相比于有焰燃烧而言，无焰燃烧所排放有害气体大大减少。
发明人进一步发现，燃气和烟气的混合程度与烟气有害气体排放量相关，燃气和烟气的混合越均匀，有害气体排放量越少。
参照图1-图7，描述根据本申请实施例的燃烧器100，该燃烧器100应用于燃气热水器，对燃气热水器中的换热器内的冷水进行加热。
参照图1和图2、图4和图5所示，该燃烧器100包括多个燃烧单元10和烟气分配器 20。
具体地，如图1和图4所示，燃烧器100包括多个依次连接的燃烧单元10。如图2和图3、图5和图6所示，每个燃烧单元10包括：相互连通的混合腔11和燃烧腔12，燃烧腔12位于混合腔11的上方。即燃烧气体先进入混合腔11内充分混合，然后再进入燃烧腔12内混合。
其中，燃烧面板13位于燃烧腔12的上方，燃烧面板13上形成有多个出火孔131。换言之，进入燃烧腔12内的气体从出火孔131流出并被点燃，燃烧面板13的上表面形成燃烧区域，通过燃烧区域对换热器内的冷水进行加热。
烟气分配器20分别向每个燃烧单元10输送燃气和烟气的混合气体。在本实用新型实施例中，燃气和烟气会在烟气分配器20内预混之后，才被送入燃烧单元10内。
也就是说，燃烧器100工作时，烟气和燃气预先在烟气分配器20内预混，接着，进入燃烧单元10的混合腔11内，此时助燃空气也随着烟气和燃气的混合气体带入混合腔11内。由于燃烧气体中包含了混合均匀的烟气，有效稀释了燃烧气体中的助燃空气的比例，使得燃烧单元10的燃烧化学反应处于贫氧状态，整个反应过程中温度较低，不利于CO、NOx等有害气体的产生。
具体地，燃气和烟气进入燃烧器100基本上包括两个过程，其一，燃气和烟气混合的过程，具体如下，燃气喷嘴22高速喷射燃气，此时在烟气分配器20内形成负压，烟气被快速吸入烟气分配器20内与燃气充分混合；其二，烟气和燃气的混合气体(简称燃烟气体)与助燃空气的混合过程，具体如下，燃烟气体被喷射到混合腔11，同时在混合腔11内形成负压，并从空气导入孔151吸入足够的助燃空气，并最终在混合腔11内形成均匀的烟气、助燃空气和燃气的混合气体(简称燃烧气体)，燃烧气体在燃烧腔表面火孔燃烧，产生相对低温的贫氧火焰，由于火焰的燃烧条件处于低温、贫氧状态，因此，有效抑制了氮氧化合物的生成，大幅度降低烟气的氮氧化合物的排放量。
可以理解的是，本申请的燃烧器100在气流流动方向上依次配置烟气分配器20、混合腔11和燃烧腔12，从而实现了二级引射和二次混合的目的，最终获得混合均匀的燃烧气体，实现了燃烧气体在贫氧条件以无焰方式燃烧，产生相对低温的火焰，降低了氮氧化合物的排放量。
根据本申请实施例的燃烧器100，燃气和烟气在进入燃烧单元10之前，预先在烟气分配器20内混合后再送入燃烧单元10燃烧，保证了燃烧器100燃烧的稳定，降低了有害气体排放。
可选实施例中，如图2和图3、图5和图6所示，混合腔11的后端(如图2中后端)设有进气口111，混合腔11的前端(如图2中的前端)设有出气口112。燃气和烟气的混合 气体在进入混合腔11的同时引射助燃空气进入，由于混合腔11的进气口111和出气口112位于前后方向的两端，延长了燃烧气体在混合腔11内的流动路径，保证了燃气、烟气和助燃空气在混合腔11内被充分混匀。需要说明的是，本专利申请文中提到的“燃烧气体”均指的是烟气、助燃空气和烟气的混合气体。
进一步可选实施例中，混合腔11内设有旋流结构113，旋流结构113位于进气口111和出气口112之间。燃烧气体可以撞击在该旋流结构113上，由此，通过旋流结构113对燃烧气体进一步充分混匀。
可选示例中，旋流结构113由多个L形板首尾连接构成。由此，在混合腔11内形成弯曲的碰撞面，进一步充分混匀燃烧气体。
可选实施例中，燃烧腔12内设有均流板14，均流板14与燃烧面板13在上下方向间隔设置，均流板14上设有过气孔141。燃烧气体的气流进入燃烧腔12内后，通过过气孔141将气流分散成小气流，分散均匀的小气流在穿过出火孔131被点燃。由此，可以保证燃烧面板13的所有出火孔131均能获得流量稳定且相同的燃烧气体，这样，在燃烧面板13的燃烧区域形成稳定且均匀的火焰。
可选示例中，均流板14邻近燃烧腔12入口一端的过气孔141数量少于均流板14远离燃烧腔12入口的另一端的过气孔141数量。参照图2和图3、图5和图6可知，燃烧腔12的入口与混合腔11的出口相通，因此，燃烧腔12入口处的气流浓度必然较大，因此邻近该区域的均流板14的过气孔141的数量较少，可以适当减少从该区域穿过的燃烧气体量。由此，保证燃烧面板13的所有出气孔获得相当的燃烧气体量。
可选示例中，如图2所示，均流板14邻近燃烧腔12入口一端的过气孔141的孔径小于均流板14远离燃烧腔12入口的另一端的过气孔141的孔径。由此，保证燃烧面板13的所有出气孔获得相当的燃烧气体量。
进一步可选示例中，燃烧面板13设有突出其上表面的稳流板132，稳流板132将出火孔131分成多组。也就是说，稳流板132位于每组出火孔131之间。相邻组的出火孔131之间设有稳流板132。稳流板132的作用下，相邻组的出火孔131不容易发生串火现象，保证燃烧单元可以稳定地燃烧。
在一个具体实施例中，如图1、图4和图7所示，每相邻组的出火孔131之间设有多个稳流板132，多个稳流板132沿燃烧单元的左右方向分布。稳流板132与燃烧单元10的上表面之间形成空隙1321，空隙1321可以连通相邻组的出火孔131。相邻的两组出火孔131可以通过空隙1321传播火焰，即其中一组出火孔131被点燃时，相邻的出火孔131也随之被点燃，从而使得整个燃烧面板13的出火孔131都点燃。
进一步地，如图4和图5所示，每组出火孔131被分成多个小组，相邻小组的出火孔 131间隔设置。这样，每小组的出火孔131可以独立被点燃，相邻的每小组的出火孔131间隔设置又可以避免串火，提高燃烧面板13燃烧的稳定性。
可选实施例中，如图2和图3、图4和图5所示，烟气分配器20限定出预混腔21，预混腔21具有燃气入口211、烟气入口212和混合气体出口213，燃气入口211设有燃气喷嘴22，燃气喷嘴22伸入预混腔21内与混合气体出口213相对设置。燃气喷嘴22喷射出具有一定压力的燃气，并冲向混合气体出口213使得预混腔21内形成负压，从而将烟气快速吸入预混腔21内与燃气预混，然后流向混合腔11内，快速流动的烟气和燃气又使得混合腔11内形成负压，从而将助燃空气引射至混合腔11内，最后烟气、燃气和助燃空气在混合腔11内充分混合。
可选示例中，如图3和图6所示，烟气分配器20为上端敞开的腔体结构，烟气分配器的顶板23上形成有烟气入口212，烟气分配器20的前板24与后板25的水平间距自上而下逐渐减小。即烟气的流通面积自上而下逐渐缩小，流通面积的变化可以促使烟气内预混腔21内产生紊流，更有利于烟气和燃气的混合。
一个具体实施例中，如图2和图3所示，混合气体出口213设有喷射管26，喷射管26与混合腔11间隔设置。通过喷射管26将烟气和燃气输送中混合腔11内，并利用混合腔11与喷射管26之间的间隙引入助燃空气。
又一个具体实施例中，如图5和图6所示，混合气体出口213设有喷射管26，混合腔11内设有与喷射管26配合的引射管15，引射管15伸出混合腔11的部分设有空气导入孔151。
根据本申请实施例的燃气热水器包括上述实施例的燃烧器100，由于根据本申请实施例的燃烧器100燃烧稳定，排放的有害气体少，因此，根据本申请实施例的燃气热水器安全环保，燃烧稳定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种燃烧器，其特征在于，包括：
    多个依次连接的燃烧单元构成，每个所述燃烧单元包括：
    相互连通的混合腔和燃烧腔，所述燃烧腔位于所述混合腔的上方；
    燃烧面板，所述燃烧面板位于所述燃烧腔的上方，所述燃烧面板上形成有多个出火孔；
    烟气分配器，所述烟气分配器分别向每个所述燃烧单元输送燃气和烟气的混合气体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述混合腔的后端设有进气口，所述混合腔的前端设有出气口。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述混合腔内设有旋流结构，所述旋流结构位于所述进气口和所述出气口之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述旋流结构由多个L形板首尾连接构成。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述燃烧腔内设有均流板，所述均流板与所述燃烧面板在上下方向间隔设置，所述均流板上设有过气孔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述均流板邻近所述燃烧腔入口一端的过气孔数量少于所述均流板远离所述燃烧腔入口的另一端的过气孔数量。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述均流板邻近所述燃烧腔入口一端的所述过气孔的孔径小于所述均流板远离所述燃烧腔入口的另一端的所述过气孔的孔径。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述燃烧面板设有突出其上表面的稳流板，所述稳流板将所述出火孔分成多组。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，相邻组的出火孔之间设有多个所述稳流板，多个稳流板沿燃烧单元的左右方向分布。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述稳流板与所述燃烧单元的上表面之间形成空隙，所述空隙可以连通相邻组的出火孔。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，每组出火孔被分成多个小组，相邻小组的出火孔间隔设置。
  12. 根据权利要求1～11中任一项所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述烟气分配器限定出预混腔，所述预混腔具有燃气入口、烟气入口和混合气体出口，所述燃气入口设有燃气喷嘴，所述燃气喷嘴伸入所述预混腔内与所述混合气体出口相对设置。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述烟气分配器为上端敞开的腔体结构，所述烟气分配器的顶板上形成有烟气入口，所述烟气分配器的前板与后板的水平间距 自上而下逐渐减小。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述混合气体出口设有喷射管，所述喷射管与所述混合腔间隔设置。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的燃烧器，其特征在于，所述混合气体出口设有喷射管，所述混合腔内设有与所述喷射管配合的引射管，所述引射管伸出所述混合腔的部分设有空气导入孔。
  16. 一种燃气热水器，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-15中任一项所述的燃烧器。
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