WO2020220785A1 - 一种面向差异化mtc网络中的随机接入方法 - Google Patents
一种面向差异化mtc网络中的随机接入方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of uplink transmission of communication services of machine equipment, and relates to a random access method oriented to a differentiated MTC network.
- Machine Type Communications refers to a form of communication in which data transmission and processing between machines or smart devices are carried out through the network without human intervention.
- MTC services Different from traditional human-to-human (H2H) communication, MTC services have the characteristics of massive access scale, large service differences, and discrete small data packet transmission.
- MTC services can be divided into the following two categories: 1) Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), which is mainly oriented to low power consumption in the Internet of Things Large connection scenarios, such as smart meters, traffic detection and other data sensing and collection services; 2) Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), which is mainly for unmanned driving, industrial control, and telemedicine Such key control services, which require both extremely low end-to-end delay (1ms) and extremely high transmission reliability (99.999%).
- mMTC Massive Machine Type Communications
- URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication
- Such key control services which require both extremely low end-to-end delay (1ms) and extremely high transmission reliability (99.999%).
- MTC networks mainly face the following challenges: On the one hand, the access of massive MTC terminals increases the network load pressure and easily leads to network congestion, and further leads to waste of access resources and increased access delays. appear.
- the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for random access in differentiated MTC networks, which can realize random access in differentiated MTC networks with high reliability and delay. Lower.
- the random access method in the differentiated MTC network of the present invention includes the following steps:
- the differentiated MTC network consists of a base station, K mMTC devices and U URLLC devices.
- the services carried by the mMTC devices are assumed to be delay-insensitive services, and URLLC devices are carried
- the service is an ultra-reliable and low-latency service.
- the base station divides the available bandwidth into the mMTC service frequency band and the URLLC service frequency band, and the mMTC service frequency band uses the four-way handshake-based uplink access method;
- the optimization goal is to maximize the throughput of the mMTC service while ensuring the transmission performance of the URLLC service, and establish the optimization problem ;
- the specific operation for calculating the access probability p 1 of mMTC equipment in the mMTC access service frequency band is:
- the base station determines the access control parameter ⁇ and the traffic offload parameter ⁇ according to the current statistics of the mMTC service load and URLLC service load, and broadcasts the access control parameter ⁇ and the traffic offload parameter ⁇ to each mMTC device and each URLLC device.
- state z is the initial state of the mMTC device, that is, the mMTC device is activated and generates an uplink access request; when the mMTC device is successfully connected, it returns to its state z.
- any mMTC device whenever it needs uplink access , Firstly generate a uniformly distributed random number ⁇ ⁇ [0, 1], and compare the random number with the access control parameter ⁇ and the flow unloading parameter ⁇ .
- the mMTC device When ⁇ , the mMTC device is connected to the mMTC Enter the business frequency band to perform uplink random access, that is, randomly select a PA from M PAs for uplink access.
- uplink random access that is, randomly select a PA from M PAs for uplink access.
- the PA is selected by only one mMTC device, it means that the uplink access is successful; If one mMTC device is selected, the access will collide.
- the mMTC device When the mMTC device is in state 0, the mMTC device will retry to initiate access in the next RA slot; when ⁇ + When ⁇ , the mMTC device is shunted to the URLLC access service frequency band to perform uplink access, that is, a resource block is randomly selected from the NI RA resource blocks for uplink access.
- a resource block is randomly selected from the NI RA resource blocks for uplink access.
- each mMTC device that selects the resource block performs uniform backoff, that is, in W ⁇ [1, W max ] RA slots and then try to access again; when ⁇ > ⁇ + ⁇ , the mMTC device is denied access at this time, and the mMTC device will retry to initiate access at the next RA slot.
- uniform backoff that is, in W ⁇ [1, W max ] RA slots and then try to access again; when ⁇ > ⁇ + ⁇ , the mMTC device is denied access at this time, and the mMTC device will retry to initiate access at the next RA slot.
- any mMTC device when it selects mMTC to access the business frequency band, and randomly selects any PA m for access; if and only if the behaviors of other K-1 mMTC devices meet the following conditions, the device can be connected Entry is successful, that is, a1) The access request queue of other mMTC devices is empty, and the probability of this event is recorded as 1- ⁇ ; a2) The access request queue of other devices is not empty, but PA m is not selected for access Enter, the expression of p 1 is:
- p 1a and p 1b represent the probability that other mMTC devices fail to transmit in the mMTC business band and transmit in the mMTC business band, but the reference mMTC device selects the same PA, the expressions of p 1a and p 1b are:
- the specific process of calculating the access probability p 2 of the mMTC device in the URLLC access service frequency band is:
- the reference mMTC device can The access is successful, that is, 1) the access request queue is empty; 2) the access request queue is not empty, but resource block n is not selected for access, then:
- p 2a represents the probability that none of the other K-1 mMTC devices select resource block n for access, then the closed-form expression of p 2a is:
- p 2b represents the probability of U URLLC devices not selecting resource block n for access, where the closed expression of p 2b is:
- Step 4) The established optimization problem is:
- the random access method in the differentiated MTC network of the present invention uses the access control parameter ⁇ of the mMTC device, the traffic offload parameter ⁇ and the total back-off step length W as variables during specific operations to ensure the URLLC service Under the premise of transmission performance, maximizing the throughput of mMTC service is the optimization goal.
- the optimization problem is established, and then the optimization problem shown is solved.
- the total backoff step length of the mMTC device ( ⁇ * , ⁇ * , W * ), and perform random access to differentiated MTC networks, thereby increasing the throughput of mMTC services and reducing system delays while ensuring reliability.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of a differentiated MTC network model considered by the present invention
- Figure 2 is a time frame structure diagram of the mMTC service frequency band
- Figure 3 is a diagram of the URLLC service transmission model
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a dual-queue model of mMTC equipment
- Figure 5 is a state transition flow chart of mMTC business
- Figure 6 is a flow chart of the state transition of the URLLC service
- Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the size relationship between two arrival flow thresholds ⁇ H and ⁇ L under different mMTC device number K and URLLC service frequency band sub-channel number N;
- the random access method in a differentiated MTC network includes the following steps:
- the system model is shown in Figure 1.
- the differentiated MTC network consists of a base station, K mMTC devices, and U URLLC devices.
- the service carried by mMTC devices is assumed to be delay-insensitive. Its main features It is a massive access scale; on the other hand, the service carried by the URLLC device is an ultra-reliable low-latency service.
- the advantage of the mMTC business band is stipulated to use a four-way handshake-based uplink access method: specifically: when the device performs uplink access in the mMTC business band, it first needs to randomly select one of the M available preambles (PA), And upload to the base station through the random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH), when the PA is selected by only one device, the uplink access is successful, and the device and the base station complete the uplink access process through the next three handshake
- the time axis structure of the mMTC frequency band is shown in Figure 2.
- the uplink access is successful; compared to the random access mode based on the four-way handshake, it is based on S- Although ALOHA's uplink access method greatly reduces the access delay, its completely content-based access feature poses a great challenge to transmission reliability.
- each mMTC device has two different queues: That is, the packet queue and the access request queue. Assuming that the length of the packet buffer queue of the mMTC device is unlimited, the arrival flow of each mMTC device obeys the Bernoulli distribution with an intensity of ⁇ (0,1). When a new data packet Upon arrival, the mMTC device will generate a new access request; based on the double-queue model, the mMTC device's access request queue is modeled as a Geo/G/1/1 queue.
- the arrival flow of each URLLC device obeys the Poisson distribution with a strength of ⁇ (0,1).
- the URLLC service data packet is generated, it is performed based on the S-ALOHA method.
- the uplink data packet is transmitted, so the double-queue model is not suitable for URLLC devices.
- the respective access service frequency bands are set for the mMTC service and the URLLC service, and the two access service frequency bands use different access methods to adapt to the service transmission characteristics .
- the utilization rate of the access service frequency band of the URLLC service is usually less than 10%, which is in sharp contrast with the extremely tight access resources of the mMTC service.
- the present invention proposes a dual-threshold-based access control and traffic offloading solution, that is, under the premise of ensuring the transmission performance of URLLC services, maximize the throughput of mMTC services to relieve network pressure.
- the number of mMTC equipment access is relatively large, so access control is implemented in the mMTC access service frequency band to relieve network pressure; at the same time, in order to improve the throughput of mMTC service, part of the mMTC service traffic is offloaded to URLLC accesses the service frequency band for transmission.
- the state transition process of the two types of devices will be described using the Markov chain.
- Figure 5 shows the state transition process of mMTC equipment uplink access.
- the base station determines the access control parameter ⁇ and the traffic offload parameter ⁇ according to the current statistics of the mMTC service load and URLLC service load, and compares the access control parameter ⁇ with The traffic offloading parameter ⁇ is broadcasted downstream to each mMTC device and each URLLC device.
- Set state z as the initial state of the device, that is, the device is activated and generates an uplink access request; when the device is successfully connected, it will return to state z.
- any mMTC device whenever it needs uplink access, it will first generate a uniformly distributed random number ⁇ [0,1], and compare the random number with the access control parameter ⁇ and the traffic offload parameter ⁇ In comparison, when ⁇ , the mMTC device performs uplink random access in the mMTC access service frequency band, that is, a PA is randomly selected from M PAs for uplink access. When the PA is selected by only one device, then This indicates that the uplink access is successful; if the PA is selected by multiple mMTC devices, the access will collide.
- the stable probability distribution of each state of the mMTC device is:
- p 1 and p 2 respectively represent the access success probability of the mMTC device in the mMTC access service frequency band and the URLLC access service frequency band.
- any mMTC device when it selects the mMTC access service frequency band, and randomly selects any PA m for access; if and only if the behavior of other K-1 mMTC devices meets the following conditions, the device can access Success, that is, 1) The access request queue of other mMTC devices is empty, and the probability of this event occurring is 1- ⁇ ; 2) The access request queue of other devices is not empty, but PA m is not selected for access , Then the expression of p 1 is:
- p 1a and p 1b represent the probability that other mMTC devices fail to transmit in the mMTC business band and transmit in the mMTC business band, but the reference mMTC device selects the same PA, the expressions of p 1a and p 1b are:
- p 2a represents the probability that none of the other K-1 mMTC devices select resource block n for access, and the event that none of the other K-1 mMTC devices select resource block n is composed of the following three sub-events: 1) Connect The incoming request queue is empty; 2) The access request queue is not empty, but is not allowed to transmit on the URLLC service band; 3) The access request queue is not empty and the transmission is selected on the URLLC access service band, but not selected Resource block n is accessed, the closed expression of p 2a is:
- p 2b represents the probability that none of U URLLC devices select resource block n for access, and none of U URLLC devices select resource block n for access.
- This event consists of the following two sub-events, namely, 1) Access request queue Is empty; 2) The access request queue is not empty, but resource block n is not selected for access, the closed expression of p 2b is:
- Figure 6 shows the state transfer process of the URLLC device's uplink access.
- Set state s as the initial state of the URLLC device, that is, the URLLC device is activated and generates an uplink access request; when the URLLC device is successfully connected, the URLLC device will return to the state s
- any URLLC device whenever it needs uplink access, it will first generate ⁇ identical data packets, and randomly select ⁇ different channels from N available channels for transmission based on the S-ALOHA method. When the data packet does not collide, it means that the uplink access is successful. If and only if all ⁇ data packets collide, the uplink access fails and the URLLC device transitions to state f.
- the stable probability distribution of each state of the URLLC device is:
- p c respectively represents the collision probability of any data packet sent by any reference URLLC device.
- the reference URLLC device For the reference URLLC device, suppose that the reference URLLC device randomly selects ⁇ different channels for transmission, in which sub-channel n is selected by the reference URLLC device; if and only if the K mMTC devices and other U-1 URLLC devices are not selected When sub-channel n is accessed, the reference URLLC device can be accessed successfully on sub-channel n. Therefore, the value of p c must meet:
- p c1 and p c2 respectively represent the probability that sub-channel n is not selected by any mMTC device and sub-channel n is not selected by other URLLC devices.
- the calculation process of p c1 and p c2 is: Analyze p c1 , subchannel n is not selected by any mMTC device. This event consists of three events, namely, 1) the access request queue is empty; 2) access The request queue is not empty, but is not allowed to transmit on the URLLC access service band; 3) The access request queue is not empty and the transmission is selected on the URLLC access service band, but subchannel n is not selected for access, then The closed-form expression of p c1 is:
- the objective of the present invention is to maximize the throughput of mMTC service under the premise of ensuring the transmission performance of URLLC service by searching for the corresponding optimal access control parameter combination ( ⁇ * , ⁇ * , W * ), and effectively alleviate the network load pressure , Then the construction optimization problem is:
- Equation (24) the value of p 1 , p 2 depends on the value combination of ( ⁇ , ⁇ , W), and the specific corresponding relationship is shown in equation (24) and equation (25).
- the basic principle of the present invention is: by comparing the magnitude relationship between the current arrival flow intensity ⁇ and two given arrival flow thresholds ⁇ H , ⁇ L , formulating the corresponding optimal access control parameter combination, While ensuring the transmission performance of the URLLC service, it maximizes the average throughput of the mMTC service.
- the load intensity can be divided into three intervals: high, medium, and low.
- the access strategy is:
- the average throughput at this time is:
- the average throughput is:
- the present invention compares the current arrival flow intensity ⁇ with two thresholds ⁇ H and ⁇ L , and determines the optimal access control parameter combination ( ⁇ * , ⁇ *) according to the magnitude relationship between the three. , W * ), while guaranteeing URLLC service performance indicators, it aims to maximize the throughput of mMTC service.
- the simulation results show that, compared with existing solutions, the present invention not only effectively guarantees the URLLC service performance index, but also significantly improves the average throughput of the mMTC service, thereby effectively alleviating the network pressure, and has very important practical significance and application prospects.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种一种面向差异化MTC网络中的随机接入方法,包括以下步骤:计算mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段及URLLC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p 1,p 2;以mMTC设备的接入控制参数θ、流量卸载参数Δθ及总的退避步长W为变量,以在保障URLLC业务传输性能的前提下最大化mMTC业务的吞吐量为优化目标,建立优化问题;根据mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段及URLLC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p 1,p 2计算所述优化问题,得最优接入控制参数、流量卸载参数mMTC设备总的退避步长(θ *,Δθ *,W *),然后根据最优接入控制参数、流量卸载参数mMTC设备总的退避步长(θ *,Δθ *W *)进行差异化MTC网络中的随机接入,该方法能够实现差异化MTC网络的随机接入,且可靠性较高,延时较低。
Description
本发明属于机器设备类通信业务上行传输技术领域,涉及一种面向差异化MTC网络中的随机接入方法。
根据3GPP的定义,机器设备类通信(Machine Type Communications,MTC)指在没有人为干涉的情况下,机器或智能设备之间通过网络进行数据传输与处理的通信形式。与传统的人对人(Human-to-Human,H2H)通信不同,MTC业务具有海量接入规模、业务差异性大、离散小数据包传输等特性。在未来5G网络中,根据业务需求与应用场景的不同,可将MTC业务分为以下两类:1)海量机器设备类通信(massive Machine Type Communications,mMTC),其主要面向物联网中低功耗大连接场景,如智能电表、流量检测等数据感知与采集业务;2)超可靠低时延通信(Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication,URLLC),其主要面向无人驾驶、工业控制、远程医疗等关键控制类业务,该业务要求同时满足极低的端到端时延(1ms)与极高的传输可靠性(99.999%)。目前,MTC网络主要面临以下挑战:一方面,海量MTC终端的接入使得网络负载压力增大并极易导致网络拥塞的发生,并进一步导致接入资源浪费、接入时延增大等问题的出现。另一方面,由于MTC业务的小数据包传输特性,如果直接采用LTE网络中的随机接入方案,则会导致控制信令开销过大、接入时延过大,进而无法满足mMTC业务与URLLC业务的性能需 求。根据已有研究成果,使用接入控制方案可以有效缓解网络拥塞、提升资源利用效率。因此,针对mMTC业务与URLLC业务性能需求的不同,设计一种面向差异化MTC网络的随机接入方案具有十分重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点,提供了一种面向差异化MTC网络中的随机接入方法,该方法能够实现差异化MTC网络的随机接入,且可靠性较高,延时较低。
为达到上述目的,本发明所述的面向差异化MTC网络中的随机接入方法包括以下步骤:
1)差异化MTC网络中mMTC业务与URLLC业务共存,差异化MTC网络由一个基站、K个mMTC设备及U个URLLC设备组成,设mMTC设备所承载业务为时延非敏感业务,URLLC设备所承载业务为超可靠低时延业务,基站将可用带宽划分为mMTC业务频段及URLLC业务频段,且mMTC业务频段使用基于四步握手的上行接入方式;
2)计算mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段及URLLC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p
1,p
2;
3)以mMTC设备的接入控制参数θ、流量卸载参数Δθ及总的退避步长W为变量,以在保障URLLC业务传输性能的前提下最大化mMTC业务的吞吐量为优化目标,建立优化问题;
4)根据mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段及URLLC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p
1,p
2计算所述优化问题,得最优接入控制参数、流量卸载参 数mMTC设备总的退避步长(θ
*,Δθ
*,W
*),然后根据最优接入控制参数、流量卸载参数mMTC设备总的退避步长(θ
*,Δθ
*,W
*)进行差异化MTC网络中的随机接入。
计算mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p
1的具体操作为:
基站根据当前mMTC业务负载与URLLC业务负载的统计信息,确定接入控制参数θ与流量卸载参数Δθ,并将接入控制参数θ与流量卸载参数Δθ下行广播至各mMTC设备及各URLLC设备处,设状态z为mMTC设备的初始状态,即mMTC设备被激活并产生上行接入请求;当mMTC设备接入成功后,其返回其状态z,对于任一mMTC设备,每当其需要上行接入时,首先将产生一个服从均匀分布的随机数Θ∈[0,1],并将该随机数与接入控制参数θ与流量卸载参数Δθ进行比较,当Θ≤θ时,则mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段执行上行随机接入,即从M个PA中随机选取一个PA进行上行接入,当该PA仅被一个mMTC设备所选用时,则说明本次上行接入成功;若该PA被多个mMTC设备所选用,则接入发生碰撞,此时选用该PA的各mMTC设备均执行均匀退避,即在W∈[1,W
max]个RA slot后再次尝试接入,设状态w={0,1,...,W-1}代表mMTC设备当前剩余的退避步长,当mMTC设备位于状态0时,mMTC设备将在下一RA slot重新尝试发起接入;当θ<Θ≤θ+Δθ时,则mMTC设备被分流至URLLC接入业务频段执行上行接入,即从NI
RA个资源块中随机选取一个资源块进行上行接入,当该资源块仅被一个mMTC设备所选用时,则说明本次上行接入成功;当该资源块被多个mMTC设备或URLLC设备所选用时,则上行接入发生碰撞,此时选用该资源块的各mMTC设备均执行均匀退避,即在W∈[1,W
max]个RA slot后再次尝试接入;当Θ>θ+Δθ时,则此时mMTC设备被拒绝接入,则该mMTC设备将在下一RA slot处重新尝试发起接入,则mMTC设 备各状态的平稳概率分布为:
对于任一mMTC设备,当其选择mMTC接入业务频段,并随机选取了任一PA m进行接入;当且仅当其他K-1个mMTC设备的行为均满足以下条件时,该设备才能接入成功,即,a1)其他mMTC设备的接入请求队列为空,记这一事件发生的概率为1-ρ;a2)其他设备的接入请求队列非空,但均未选择PA m进行接入,则p
1的表达式为:
其中,p
1a,p
1b分别代表其他mMTC设备未能在mMTC业务频段进行传输以及在mMTC业务频段进行传输,但位于参考mMTC设备选择相同PA的概率,p
1a,p
1b的表达式为:
联立式(4)式(5)及式(6),得:
由于K的数值较大,因此式(7)可近似为:
计算mMTC设备在URLLC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p
2接的具体过程为:
当mMTC设备选择URLLC接入业务频段,并随机选取任一资源块n进行接入,当且仅当其他K-1个mMTC设备以及U个URLLC设备的行为均满足以下条件时,参考mMTC设备才能接入成功,即,1)接入请求队列为空;2)接入请求队列非空,但均未选择资源块n进行接入,则有:
其中,p
2a代表其他K-1个mMTC设备均未选择资源块n进行接入的概率,则p
2a的闭式表达式为:
p
2b代表U个URLLC设备均未选择资源块n进行接入的概率,其中,p
2b的闭式表达式为:
联立式(9)、式(10)及式(11),得:
由于K的数值较大,式(12)可近似为:
步骤4)建立的优化问题为:
设定两个负载阈值λ
H,λ
L,mMTC设备的到达流强度λ,则有:
当λ≥λ
H时,则有
当λ
L≤λ<λ
H时,W
*=1,同时则有
当λ<λ
L时,则有
θ
*=1,Δθ
*=0,W
*=1 (48)。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明所述的面向差异化MTC网络中的随机接入方法在具体操作时,以mMTC设备的接入控制参数θ、流量卸载参数Δθ及总的退避步长W为变量,以在保障URLLC业务传输性能的前提下最大化mMTC业务的吞吐 量为优化目标,建立优化问题,再求解所示优化问题,最优接入控制参数、流量卸载参数mMTC设备总的退避步长(θ
*,Δθ
*,W
*),并以此进行面向差异化MTC网络的随机接入,从而在保证可靠性的同时,提高mMTC业务的吞吐量,降低系统的延迟。
图1为本发明考虑的差异化MTC网络模型图;
图2为mMTC业务频段的时间帧结构图;
图3为URLLC业务传输模型图;
图4为mMTC设备双队列模型示意图;
图5为mMTC业务的状态转移流程图;
图6为URLLC业务的状态转移流程图;
图7为不同mMTC设备数量K以及URLLC业务频段子信道数量N下,两个到达流阈值λ
H,λ
L之间的大小关系图;
图8为不同mMTC设备数量K下,当最优退避窗W
*=1时,相应的最优接入控制参数组合(θ
*,Δθ
*)与当前时刻到达流强度λ之间的大小关系图;
图9为不同URLLC业务频段子信道数量N下,当mMTC设备数量K=10000、最优退避窗W
*=1时,相应的最优接入控制参数组合(θ
*,Δθ
*)与当前时刻到达流强度λ之间的大小关系图;
图10为不同mMTC设备数量K下,当最优接入控制参数满足θ
*+Δθ
*=1时,能取得最优吞吐量性能的退避窗W
*取值上限与当前时刻到达流强度λ之间的大小关系图;
图11为不同URLLC业务频段子信道数量N下,当mMTC设备数量K=10000、最优接入控制参数满足θ
*+Δθ
*=1时,能取得最优吞吐量性 能的退避窗W
*取值上限与当前时刻到达流强度λ之间的大小关系图;
图12为mMTC设备数量K=10000、到达流强度λ=5×10
-3>λ
H时,最优接入控制参数组合(θ
*,Δθ
*)与最优退避窗W
*之间的相互转换关系图;
图13为不同到达流强度λ下,当mMTC设备数量K=10000时,本发明所与现有方案在平均吞吐量性能方面的对比图。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述:
参考图1,本发明所述的面向差异化MTC网络中的随机接入方法包括以下步骤:
系统模型如图1所示,差异化MTC网络由一个基站、K个mMTC设备及U个URLLC设备组成,根据5G相关标准的定义,设mMTC设备所承载业务为时延非敏感业务,其主要特征为海量接入规模;另一方面,URLLC设备所承载业务为超可靠低时延业务,URLLC设备要求端到端时延不超过D
max=1ms的同时,传输可靠性高于99.999%,即p
rel≥1-φ
max=99.999%;由于mMTC业务与URLLC业务在性能指标上的巨大差异,基站将可用带宽划分为mMTC业务频段及URLLC业务频段,由于LTE网络在覆盖率及接入成功率方面的优势,规定mMTC业务频段使用基于四步握手的上行接入方式:具体为:设备在mMTC业务频段进行上行接入时,首先需要从M个可用前导码(preamble,PA)中随机选取一个,并通过随机接入信道(Physical Random Access Channel,PRACH)上传至基站,当PA仅被一个设备所选中时,则上行接入成功,设备与基站之间通过接下来的三次握手完成上行接入流程,mMTC频段的时间轴结构如图2所示,时间轴被均等地划分为长度为τ=1ms的时隙(slot),其中,随机接入时隙(RA slot)的长度为τ
RA=5ms,即用于上行随机接入的PRACH每隔I
RA=5个slot出现一次,由于URLLC业务时延要求较为苛刻, 突发性较强,因此规定URLLC业务频段使用基于S-ALOHA的上行接入方式,其中,设URLLC业务频段的可用子信道数量为N,并且假设每个URLLC数据包传输仅占据一个带宽为单位信道带宽、时间长度为D
max=1ms的时频资源块,设备在上行接入时只需从N条可用信道中随机选取一条即可,当资源块仅被一个数据包所选择时,上行接入成功;相比基于四步握手的随机接入模式而言,基于S-ALOHA的上行接入方式虽然大大降低了接入时延,但是其完全基于竞争的接入特性对传输可靠性造成了极大的挑战。
为保障URLLC业务的传输可靠性指标,在S-ALOHA接入方式的基础上引入数据包复刻的概念,如图3所示,对于任一URLLC设备,当其在当前slot处产生数据包并需要进行上行接入时,首先将该数据包复刻为Γ个相同的数据包,然后随机从N条子信道中选取Γ条进行上行传输,由于URLLC业务要求端到端时延不得超过1ms,因此重传是不允许的。
对于mMTC设备,在上传数据包之间需进行上行接入,为解耦上行接入过程与数据传输过程,参考图4,在双队列模型下,每个mMTC设备内部拥有两个不同的队列:即数据包队列与接入请求队列,假设mMTC设备的数据包缓存队列长度无限,则每个mMTC设备的到达流服从强度为λ∈(0,1)的伯努利分布,当新的数据包到达时,mMTC设备将产生一个新的接入请求;基于所述双队列模型,将mMTC设备的接入请求队列建模为一个Geo/G/1/1队列。另外,根据URLLC业务的相关特征,设每个URLLC设备的到达流服从强度为μ∈(0,1)的泊松(Poisson)分布,当URLLC业务数据包产生后,则基于S-ALOHA方式进行上行数据包传输,因此所述双队列模型不适用于URLLC设备。
由于mMTC业务与URLLC业务的性能需求差异极大,因此本发明中为mMTC业务与URLLC业务设置各自的接入业务频段,并且两个接入业务频 段使用不同的接入方式,以适应业务传输特性。然而,由于URLLC业务的高突发及低频率的特性,导致URLLC业务的接入业务频段使用率通常不足10%,因此与mMTC业务接入资源极度紧张的情况形成了鲜明对比。基于上述情况,本发明提出了一种基于双阈值的接入控制与流量卸载方案,即,在保证URLLC业务传输性能的前提下,最大化mMTC业务的吞吐量,以缓解网络压力,首先,由于mMTC设备接入数量较为庞大,因此在mMTC接入业务频段实行接入控制以缓解网络压力;同时,为提升mMTC业务的吞吐量,在mMTC业务负载较大的情况下将部分mMTC业务流量卸载至URLLC接入业务频段进行传输,接下来,将使用Markov链对两类设备的状态转移过程进行描述。
图5展示了mMTC设备上行接入的状态转移过程,首先,基站根据当前mMTC业务负载与URLLC业务负载的统计信息,确定接入控制参数θ与流量卸载参数Δθ,并将接入控制参数θ与流量卸载参数Δθ下行广播至各mMTC设备及各URLLC设备处,设状态z为设备的初始状态,即设备被激活并产生上行接入请求;当设备接入成功后,其将返回状态z。对于任一mMTC设备,每当其需要上行接入时,首先将产生一个服从均匀分布的随机数Θ∈[0,1],并将该随机数与接入控制参数θ及流量卸载参数Δθ进行比较,当Θ≤θ时,则mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段执行上行随机接入,即从M个PA中随机选取一个PA进行上行接入,当该PA仅被一个设备所选用时,则说明本次上行接入成功;若该PA被多个mMTC设备所选用,则接入发生碰撞,此时选用该PA的各mMTC设备均执行均匀退避,即在W∈[1,W
max]个RA slot后再次尝试接入;设状态w={0,1,...,W-1}代表mMTC设备当前剩余的退避步长,当mMTC设备位于状态0时,则mMTC设备将在下一RA slot重新尝试发起接入;当θ<Θ≤θ+Δθ时,则mMTC设备被分流至URLLC接入业务频段执行上行接入,即从NI
RA个资源块中随机选取一个资源块进行上行接入,同样地,当该资源块仅被一个mMTC 设备所选用时,则说明本次上行接入成功;若该资源块被多个mMTC设备或URLLC设备所选用时,则上行接入发生碰撞,此时选用该资源块的mMTC设备将执行均匀退避,即在W∈[1,W
max]个RA slot后再次尝试接入;当Θ∈θ+Δθ时,则此时mMTC设备被拒绝接入,则该mMTC设备将在下一RA slot处重新尝试发起接入,基于以上描述,并结合Markov链的数学性质,参考图5,mMTC设备各状态的平稳概率分布为:
其中,p
1,p
2分别代表mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段及URLLC接入业务频段的接入成功概率。
对于任一mMTC设备,当其选择mMTC接入业务频段,并随机选取任一PA m进行接入;当且仅当其他K-1个mMTC设备的行为均满足以下条件时,该设备才能接入成功,即,1)其他mMTC设备的接入请求队列为空,记这一事件发生的概率为1-ρ;2)其他设备的接入请求队列非空,但均未选择PA m进行接入,则p
1的表达式为::
其中,p
1a,p
1b分别代表其他mMTC设备未能在mMTC业务频段进行传输以及在mMTC业务频段进行传输,但位于参考mMTC设备选择相同PA的概率,p
1a,p
1b的表达式为:
联立式(4)、式(5)及式(6),得:
由于K的数值较大,因此式(7)可近似为:
同理,当参考mMTC设备选择URLLC接入业务频段,并随机选取任一资源块n进行接入,当且仅当其他K-1个mMTC设备以及U个URLLC设备的行为均满足以下条件时,参考mMTC设备才能接入成功,即,1)接入请求队列为空;2)接入请求队列非空,但均未选择资源块n进行接入,则有:
其中,p
2a代表其他K-1个mMTC设备均未选择资源块n进行接入的概率,其他K-1个mMTC设备均未选择资源块n这一事件由以下三个子事件组成:1)接入请求队列为空;2)接入请求队列非空,但未被允许在URLLC业务频段上进行传输;3)接入请求队列非空且选择在URLLC接入业务频段上进行传输,但未选择资源块n进行接入,则p
2a的闭式表达式为:
p
2b代表U个URLLC设备均未选择资源块n进行接入的概率,U个URLLC设备均未选择资源块n进行接入这一事件由以下两个子事件组成,即,1)接入请求队列为空;2)接入请求队列非空,但未选择资源块n进行接入,则p
2b的闭式表达式为:
联立式(9)、式(10)及式(11),得:
由于K的数值较大,式(12)可近似为:
图6展示了URLLC设备上行接入的状态转移过程,设状态s为URLLC设备的初始状态,即URLLC设备被激活并产生上行接入请求;当URLLC设备接入成功后,URLLC设备将返回状态s,对于任一URLLC设备,每当其需要上行接入时,则首先将生成Γ个相同的数据包,并基于S-ALOHA方式从N条可用信道中随机选取Γ条不同信道进行传输,当有数据包未发生碰撞时,则说明本次上行接入成功,当且仅当Γ个数据包全部发生碰撞,则本次上行接入失败,URLLC设备转移至状态f,基于以上描述,并结合Markov链的数学性质,参考图6,得URLLC设备各状态的平稳概率分布为:
其中,p
c分别代表任一参考URLLC设备所发送任一数据包的碰撞概率。
对于参考URLLC设备,设参考URLLC设备随机选取Γ条不同信道进行传输,其中,子信道n被参考URLLC设备所选中;当且仅当K个mMTC设备以及其他U-1个URLLC设备均未选择该子信道n进行接入时,则参考URLLC设备在子信道n上才能接入成功,因此,p
c的取值需满足:
其中,p
c1,p
c2分别代表子信道n未被任何mMTC设备所选中以及子信道n未被其他URLLC设备所选中的概率。
p
c1,p
c2的计算过程为:对p
c1进行分析,子信道n未被任何mMTC设备所选中这一事件由三个事件组成,即,1)接入请求队列为空;2)接入请求队列非空,但未被允许在URLLC接入业务频段上进行传输;3)接入请求队列非空且选择在URLLC接入业务频段上进行传输,但未选择子信道n进行接入,则p
c1的闭式表达式为:
接下来,对p
c2进行分析,子信道n未被其他URLLC设备所选中这一事件由两个子事件组成,即,1)其他U-1个URLLC设备接入请求队列为空,对于任一URLLC设备,该事件发生的概率为p
ra=1-e
-μ;2)接入请求队列非空,但未选择子信道n进行接入,对于任一URLLC设备,该事件发生的概率如下式所示:
因此,p
c2的闭式表达式为:
联立式(15)、式(16)及式(18),得:
同样地,令U-1≈U,并(19)可近似为:
则URLLC设备的传输可靠性限制可表示为:
根据Geo/G/1/1队列的相关性质,可知单位RA slot内mMTC业务的平均吞吐量为:
本发明的目标为:通过寻找相应的最优接入控制参数组合(θ
*,Δθ
*,W
*),在保障URLLC业务传输性能的前提下最大化mMTC业务的吞吐量,有效缓解网络负载压力,则构建优化问题为:
对式(8)及式(13)进行变形,得:
通过联立式(21)、式(24)及式(25),将优化问题中的数学表达式简化为:
综上所述,对优化问题(23)进行转化,得:
其中,p
1,p
2的取值取决于(θ,Δθ,W)的取值组合,具体对应关系如式(24)及式(25)所示。
基于上述理论分析,不难得出以下结论:
在资源配置参数(M,N,I
RA)及业务流参数(K,λ,U,μ)均给定的前提下,
的大小将直接由p
1,p
2决定,优化参数(θ,Δθ,W)则通过控制p
1,p
2的取值,间接决定
的大小,因此,优化问题的求解思路为:首先通过式(28)求解得到使得
最大化的
最优组合,然后基于式(24)及式(25)求得
对应的最优接入控制参数组合(θ
*,Δθ
*,W
*)。
证明优化问题(28)是一个凸优化问题,具体过程为:
1)约束变量(p
1,p
2)的取值组合为凸集;
2)目标函数的Hessian矩阵为正定的,证明过程如下所示:
θ
*∈(0,1],Δθ
*∈[0,1),θ
*+Δθ
*≤1 (36)
W
*∈{1,2,...,W
max} (37)
观察上述等式,不难发现只有当λ满足以下等式时,上述方程组无解:
结合式(34)及式(36),式(38)可以转换为:
当λ满足以下等式时,θ
*=1,Δθ
*=0,W
*=1恒成立:
综上所述,本发明的基本原理为:通过比较当前到达流强度λ与给定的两个到达流阈值λ
H,λ
L之间的大小关系,制订相应的最优接入控制参数组合,在保障URLLC业务传输性能的同时,最大化mMTC业务的平均吞吐量,根据给定的两个负载阈值λ
H,λ
L,可以将负载强度分为高、中、低三个区间,各区间的接入策略为:
当λ≥λ
H,即负载强度处于高负载区间时,(θ
*,Δθ
*,W
*)的取值为:
此时平均吞吐量为:
当λ
L≤λ<λ
H,即负载强度处于中负载区间时,此时W
*=1,(θ
*,Δθ
*)的取值为:
当λ<λ
L,即负载强度处于低负载区间时,(θ
*,Δθ
*,W
*)的取值为:
θ
*=1,Δθ
*=0,W
*=1 (48)
另外,平均吞吐量为:
根据(θ
*,Δθ
*,W
*)进行差异化MTC网络的随机接入。
仿真实验
mMTC业务的仿真参数如表1所示:
表1
mMTC业务的仿真参数如表2所示:
表2
综上所述,本发明通过对当前时刻到达流强度λ与两大阈值λ
H,λ
L进行比较,根据三者之间的大小关系来确定最优接入控制参数组合(θ
*,Δθ
*,W
*),在保障URLLC业务性能指标的同时,旨在最大化mMTC业务的吞吐量。仿真结果表明:与已有方案相比,本发明不仅有效地保障了URLLC业务性能指标,而且显著提升了mMTC业务的平均吞吐量,从而有效缓解网络压力,具有十分重要的现实意义与应用前景。
以上内容是对本发明的详细说明,不能认定本发明的仅限于此,对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单的推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定专利保护范围。
Claims (5)
- 一种面向差异化MTC网络中的随机接入方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1)差异化MTC网络中mMTC业务与URLLC业务共存,差异化MTC网络由一个基站、K个mMTC设备及U个URLLC设备组成,设mMTC设备所承载业务为时延非敏感业务,URLLC设备所承载业务为超可靠低时延业务,基站将可用带宽划分为mMTC业务频段及URLLC业务频段,且mMTC业务频段使用基于四步握手的上行接入方式;2)计算mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段及URLLC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p 1,p 2;3)以mMTC设备的接入控制参数θ、流量卸载参数Δθ及总的退避步长W为变量,以在保障URLLC业务传输性能的前提下最大化mMTC业务的吞吐量为优化目标,建立优化问题;4)根据mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段及URLLC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p 1,p 2计算所述优化问题,得最优接入控制参数、流量卸载参数mMTC设备总的退避步长(θ *,Δθ *,W *),然后根据最优接入控制参数、流量卸载参数mMTC设备总的退避步长(θ *,Δθ *,W *)进行差异化MTC网络中的随机接入。
- 根据权利要求1所述的面向差异化MTC网络中的随机接入方法,其特征在于,计算mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p 1的具体操作为:基站根据当前mMTC业务负载与URLLC业务负载的统计信息,确定接入控制参数θ与流量卸载参数Δθ,并将接入控制参数θ与流量卸载参数Δθ下行广播至各mMTC设备及各URLLC设备处,设状态z为mMTC设备的初始状 态,即mMTC设备被激活并产生上行接入请求;当mMTC设备接入成功后,其返回其状态z,对于任一mMTC设备,每当其需要上行接入时,首先将产生一个服从均匀分布的随机数Θ∈[0,1],并将该随机数与接入控制参数θ与流量卸载参数Δθ进行比较,当Θ≤θ时,则mMTC设备在mMTC接入业务频段执行上行随机接入,即从M个PA中随机选取一个PA进行上行接入,当该PA仅被一个mMTC设备所选用时,则说明本次上行接入成功;若该PA被多个mMTC设备所选用,则接入发生碰撞,此时选用该PA的各mMTC设备均执行均匀退避,即在W∈[1,W max]个RA slot后再次尝试接入,设状态w={0,1,...,W-1}代表mMTC设备当前剩余的退避步长,当mMTC设备位于状态0时,mMTC设备将在下一RA slot重新尝试发起接入;当θ<Θ≤θ+Δθ时,则mMTC设备被分流至URLLC接入业务频段执行上行接入,即从NI RA个资源块中随机选取一个资源块进行上行接入,当该资源块仅被一个mMTC设备所选用时,则说明本次上行接入成功;当该资源块被多个mMTC设备或URLLC设备所选用时,则上行接入发生碰撞,此时选用该资源块的各mMTC设备均执行均匀退避,即在W∈[1,W max]个RA slot后再次尝试接入;当Θ>θ+Δθ时,则此时mMTC设备被拒绝接入,则该mMTC设备将在下一RA slot处重新尝试发起接入,则mMTC设备各状态的平稳概率分布为:对于任一mMTC设备,当其选择mMTC接入业务频段,并随机选取了任一PA m进行接入;当且仅当其他K-1个mMTC设备的行为均满足以下条件时,该设备才能接入成功,即,a1)其他mMTC设备的接入请求队列为空,记这一事件发生的概率为1-ρ;a2)其他设备的接入请求队列非空,但均未选择PA m进行接入,则p 1的表达式为:其中,p 1a,p 1b分别代表其他mMTC设备未能在mMTC业务频段进行传输以及在mMTC业务频段进行传输,但位于参考mMTC设备选择相同PA的概率,p 1a,p 1b的表达式为:联立式(4)式(5)及式(6),得:由于K的数值较大,因此式(7)可近似为:
- 根据权利要求1所述的面向差异化MTC网络中的随机接入方法,其特征在于,计算mMTC设备在URLLC接入业务频段的接入成功概率p 2接的具体过程为:当mMTC设备选择URLLC接入业务频段,并随机选取任一资源块n进行接入,当且仅当其他K-1个mMTC设备以及U个URLLC设备的行为均满足以下条件时,参考mMTC设备才能接入成功,即,1)接入请求队列为空;2)接入请求队列非空,但均未选择资源块n进行接入,则有:其中,p 2a代表其他K-1个mMTC设备均未选择资源块n进行接入的概率,则p 2a的闭式表达式为:p 2b代表U个URLLC设备均未选择资源块n进行接入的概率,其中,p 2b的闭式表达式为:联立式(9)、式(10)及式(11),得:由于K的数值较大,式(12)可近似为:
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