WO2020220604A1 - 一种多agv系统动态障碍物实时避障方法及避障系统 - Google Patents

一种多agv系统动态障碍物实时避障方法及避障系统 Download PDF

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WO2020220604A1
WO2020220604A1 PCT/CN2019/112408 CN2019112408W WO2020220604A1 WO 2020220604 A1 WO2020220604 A1 WO 2020220604A1 CN 2019112408 W CN2019112408 W CN 2019112408W WO 2020220604 A1 WO2020220604 A1 WO 2020220604A1
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agv
obstacle
obstacle avoidance
real
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钱晓明
楼佩煌
张硕
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • G05D1/0238Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using obstacle or wall sensors

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  • the invention relates to a multi-AGV system, in particular to a real-time obstacle avoidance method and an obstacle avoidance system for dynamic obstacles of the multi-AGV system.
  • AGV advanced vehicle safety system
  • AGV can adjust transportation plans and increase system flexibility according to system instructions
  • using AGV as a transportation carrier can ensure transportation efficiency and reduce costs.
  • the product types are diverse, the production cycle is strict, and the logistics requirements are complex.
  • the AGV in a complex environment will inevitably encounter static obstacles and dynamic obstacles during operation, which seriously affects transportation efficiency.
  • AGV is more stable, efficient and safe operation, and it is necessary to design efficient obstacle avoidance function for AGV.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of static or dynamic obstacles on the planned route of the AGV during operation, and the obstacles will affect the normal driving of the AGV or even collisions.
  • the route is updated in real time to avoid the obstacles and then drive normally, and finally reach the target point.
  • the present invention provides a real-time obstacle avoidance method for dynamic obstacles in a multi-AGV system.
  • the method is based on a path planning algorithm.
  • sensors are used to detect in real time whether there are obstacles in the current position within the detection radius. If there is an obstacle, the AGV will move to the position closest to the target point until the AGV moves to the target point.
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Determine the target point of the handling task and apply the path planning algorithm to generate the pre-driving path;
  • Step 2 The AGV moves according to the pre-driving path
  • Step 3 Judge whether it has reached the end point, if yes, end the path planning, otherwise go to step 4;
  • Step 4 Using sensors, establish an obstacle detection matrix S based on the sensor detection radius, and determine the value of S. If the detection matrix value is 1, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 2;
  • Step 5 Calculate the distance between the edge of the sensor detection range corresponding to the value 0 in the detection matrix and the target point to obtain the minimum value, and move the AGV to this position;
  • Step 6 Judge the value of S, if one of the sectors takes the value 1, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 7;
  • Step 7 Judge whether the location point is reached, if yes, go to step 1, otherwise go to step 5.
  • step 4 is specifically:
  • Step 4.1 the detection area formed by a circle with the AGV as the center and the detection radius of the sensor as the radius, divide the detection area into several sectors;
  • step 5 is specifically:
  • Step 5.1 Calculate the distance d i from the location point p i where the sector center line with a value of 0 intersects the edge of the sensor detection range to the target point in turn, and use it as a cost function for determining the best path;
  • Step 5.2 calculate d i corresponding to the minimum position of the point p i min, the p i min point as a new target location, and then generates a path planning algorithm based on a pre-running path of travel.
  • step 4.1 the more the number of sectors, the more accurate the detection accuracy.
  • a sensor is placed on each of the four diagonals of the AGV, each sensor is divided into two independent detection areas, and the obstacle distribution in the surrounding environment of the AGV is sensed in real time.
  • step 4.1 8 sectors are formed.
  • the path planning algorithm is a local particle swarm path planning algorithm based on a static obstacle matrix.
  • the present invention also provides a multi-AGV system dynamic obstacle real-time obstacle avoidance system.
  • the obstacle avoidance system includes a path planning algorithm module, a sensor detection module, and an obstacle avoidance algorithm module; wherein the path planning algorithm module is used to generate target-based
  • the sensor detection module is used to detect the position of the obstacle in real time, and the obstacle avoidance algorithm module forms a driving path to avoid the obstacle based on the cost function when there is an obstacle in the detection area.
  • the sensor detection module establishes an obstacle detection matrix S based on the sensor detection radius, and the judged S takes a value. If the detection matrix value is 1, the obstacle avoidance algorithm module calculates the real-time obstacle avoidance driving path, If the detection matrix value is 0, the AGV generates a driving path based on the target point based on the path planning algorithm module.
  • the obstacle avoidance algorithm module calculates the distance between the edge of the sensor detection range corresponding to the value 0 in the detection matrix and the target point to obtain the minimum value, and moves the AGV to this Position; then judge whether to reach the location point, if yes, then plan the driving path based on the target point through the path planning algorithm module, the AGV continues to drive along the driving path, if not, plan the obstacle avoidance path through the obstacle avoidance algorithm module and then follow Its driving.
  • the sensor detection module contains 4 sensors, one sensor is placed on each of the 4 diagonals of the AGV, each sensor is divided into 2 independent detection areas, real-time perception of the distribution of obstacles around the AGV , Forming 8 sectors.
  • the obstacle avoidance algorithm module calculates the distance between the edge of the sensor detection range corresponding to the value 0 in the detection matrix and the target point to obtain the minimum value, the position point corresponding to the minimum value, and use the position point as the new target
  • the location points are driven on the pre-driving route generated according to the route planning algorithm.
  • the path planning algorithm module uses a local particle swarm algorithm to calculate the pre-driving path from the current location point to the target point based on the global static obstacle matrix.
  • the obstacle avoidance strategy is simple and easy to implement, the algorithm complexity is low, and the deployment cost is low, and a good real-time obstacle avoidance effect for dynamic obstacles is achieved.
  • Figure 1 is an AGV operating environment of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of sensor distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of a detection model of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a collision-free obstacle avoidance path diagram of an AGV in a dynamic obstacle environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a real-time obstacle avoidance method for dynamic obstacles in a multi-AGV system is based on a path planning algorithm.
  • sensors are used to detect in real time whether there are obstacles in the current position within the detection radius. If there is an obstacle, the AGV moves to the position closest to the target point until the AGV moves to the target point.
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Determine the target point of the handling task and apply the path planning algorithm to generate the pre-driving path;
  • Step 2 The AGV moves according to the pre-driving path
  • Step 3 Judge whether it has reached the end point, if yes, end the path planning, otherwise go to step 4;
  • Step 4 Using sensors, establish an obstacle detection matrix S based on the sensor detection radius, and determine the value of S. If the detection matrix value is 1, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 2;
  • Step 5 Calculate the distance between the edge of the sensor detection range corresponding to the value 0 in the detection matrix and the target point to obtain the minimum value, and move the AGV to this position;
  • Step 6 Judge the value of S, if one of the sectors takes the value 1, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 7;
  • Step 7 Judge whether the location point is reached, if yes, go to step 1, otherwise go to step 5.
  • step 4 is specifically:
  • Step 4.1 the detection area formed by a circle with the AGV as the center and the detection radius of the sensor as the radius, the detection area is equally divided into several sectors;
  • step 5 is specifically:
  • Step 5.1 Calculate the distance d i from the location point p i where the sector center line with a value of 0 intersects the edge of the sensor detection range to the target point in turn, and use it as a cost function for determining the best path;
  • Step 5.2 calculate d i corresponding to the minimum position of the point p i min, the p i min point as a new target location, and then generates a path planning algorithm based on a pre-running path of travel.
  • step 4.1 the more the number of sectors, the more accurate the detection accuracy.
  • a sensor is placed on each of the four diagonals of the AGV, each sensor is divided into two independent detection areas, and the obstacle distribution in the surrounding environment of the AGV is sensed in real time.
  • step 4.1 8 sectors are formed.
  • the path planning algorithm is a local particle swarm path planning algorithm based on a static obstacle matrix.
  • the obstacle avoidance algorithm process is as follows:
  • Step 1 Determine the target point of the handling task, and apply the path planning algorithm to generate the pre-driving path.
  • Step 2 The AGV moves according to the pre-driving path and detects obstacles in real time.
  • Step 3 determines whether it has reached the end point, if yes, end the path planning, otherwise go to step 4.
  • Step 4 judges the value of S, if one of the sectors has a value of 1, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 2.
  • Step 7 judges the value of S, if one of the sectors has a value of 1, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 8.
  • Step 8 Judge whether the position point p i min is reached, if yes, go to step 1, otherwise go to step 5.
  • S [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1].
  • p 2 , p 3 , p 5 , and p 6 are feasible candidate locations.
  • the AGV needs to determine which of the points to be selected is the closest to the target point according to the obstacle avoidance strategy.
  • p 2 is the closest to the target point of the handling task, so select this point as the local target point and re-plan the path.
  • the value of S is determined at regular intervals, as described in step 7, through such a step-by-step iterative process, finally reaching the target point of the handling task.
  • the collision-free path of the AGV in a dynamic obstacle environment is shown in Figure 4.
  • the present invention also provides a multi-AGV system dynamic obstacle real-time obstacle avoidance system.
  • the obstacle avoidance system includes a path planning algorithm module, a sensor detection module, and an obstacle avoidance algorithm module; wherein the path planning algorithm module is used to generate target-based
  • the sensor detection module is used to detect the position of the obstacle in real time, and the obstacle avoidance algorithm module forms a driving path to avoid the obstacle based on the cost function when there is an obstacle in the detection area.
  • the sensor detection module establishes an obstacle detection matrix S based on the sensor detection radius, and the judged S takes a value. If the detection matrix value is 1, the obstacle avoidance algorithm module calculates the real-time obstacle avoidance driving path, If the detection matrix value is 0, the AGV generates a driving path based on the target point based on the path planning algorithm module.
  • the obstacle avoidance algorithm module calculates the distance between the edge of the sensor detection range corresponding to the value 0 in the detection matrix and the target point to obtain the minimum value, and moves the AGV to this Position; then judge whether to reach the location point, if yes, then plan the driving path based on the target point through the path planning algorithm module, the AGV continues to drive along the driving path, if not, plan the obstacle avoidance path through the obstacle avoidance algorithm module and then follow Its driving.
  • the sensor detection module contains 4 sensors, one sensor is placed on each of the 4 diagonals of the AGV, each sensor is divided into 2 independent detection areas, real-time perception of the distribution of obstacles around the AGV , Forming 8 sectors.
  • the obstacle avoidance algorithm module calculates the distance between the edge of the sensor detection range corresponding to the value 0 in the detection matrix and the target point to obtain the minimum value, the position point corresponding to the minimum value, and use the position point as the new target
  • the location points are driven on the pre-driving route generated according to the route planning algorithm.
  • the path planning algorithm module uses a local particle swarm algorithm to calculate the pre-driving path from the current location point to the target point based on the global static obstacle matrix.
  • the method and system provided by the present invention also fully consider the impact of dynamic obstacles on path planning.
  • the obstacle avoidance strategy is simple and easy to implement, the algorithm complexity is low, and the deployment cost is low while achieving good dynamics. Real-time obstacle avoidance effect of obstacles.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法及避障系统,针对AGV在运行过程中在其规划路线上存在静态或动态障碍物时,障碍物会影响AGV正常行驶甚至发生碰撞等问题,提供能够在有障碍物情况下实时更新路径避开障碍物进而正常行驶。该方法基于路径规划算法,在AGV行驶过程中,通过障碍物矩阵的方法,采用传感器实时检测当前位置在检测半径内是否存在障碍物,如果存在障碍物则AGV运动到距离目标点最近的位置点,直至AGV运动到目标点。

Description

一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法及避障系统 技术领域
本发明涉及多AGV系统,尤其是涉及一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法及避障系统。
背景技术
如今,随着现代工业快速发展,应用于智能物流的AGV系统已经广泛应用在柔性化生产线和仓储物流中。由于AGV可以依据系统指令调整运输计划、增加系统柔性,使用AGV作为运输载体可以保证运输效率,降低成本。数字化车间中,产品种类多样,生产节拍严格,物流需求复杂,处于复杂环境下的AGV在运行过程中无法避免地会出现遭遇静态障碍物和动态障碍物的情况,严重影响运输效率,为了能让AGV更加稳定高效安全运行,需要为AGV设计高效的避障功能。
发明内容
为了解决上述背景技术提出的技术问题,本发明的目的在于针对AGV在运行过程中在其规划路线上存在静态或动态障碍物时,障碍物会影响AGV正常行驶甚至发生碰撞等问题,提供能够在有障碍物情况下实时更新路径避开障碍物进而正常行驶,最后到达目标点的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障的方法。
本发明提供一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法,所述方法基于路径规划算法,在AGV行驶过程中,通过障碍物矩阵的方法,采用传感器实时检测当前位置在检测半径内是否存在障碍物,如果存在障碍物则AGV运动到距离目标点最近的位置点,直至AGV运动到目标点。
进一步的,所述方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,确定搬运任务目标点,应用路径规划算法生成预行驶路径;
步骤2,AGV根据预行驶路径运动;
步骤3,判断是否到达终点,如果是,结束路径规划,否则转到步骤4;
步骤4,采用传感器,建立基于传感器检测半径的障碍物检测矩阵S,判断的S取值,如果所述检测矩阵值为1,转到步骤5,否则转到步骤2;
步骤5,计算所述检测矩阵中0值对应的传感器检测范围边缘与目标点之间的距离,得到最小值,并将AGV运动到该位置;
步骤6,判断S的值,如果其中有扇区取值为1,转到步骤5,否则转到步骤7;
步骤7,判断是否到达位置点,如果是,转到步骤1,否则转到步骤5。
进一步的,所述步骤4具体为:
步骤4.1,以AGV为圆心,传感器的检测半径为半径的圆形成的检测区域,将检测区域等分为若干扇区;
步骤4.2,将每个扇区顺序标记为S i,其取值0或1,0代表当前扇区内没检测到障碍物,1代表检测到障碍物,则有障碍物分布列表S=[S 1,S 2,...,S M],M为扇区的个数。
进一步的,所述步骤5具体为:
步骤5.1,依次计算取值为0的扇区中心线与传感器检测范围边缘相交的位置点p i到目标点的距离d i,将其作为确定最佳路径的代价函数;
步骤5.2,计算d i最小值对应的位置点p i min,将p i min作为新的目标位置点,再依据路径规划算法生成预行驶路径行驶。
进一步的,在步骤4.1中,所述扇区的个数越多,检测的精度越准确。
进一步的,在AGV的前后左右4个对角各放置一个传感器,每个传感器分成2个独立检测区域,实时感知AGV周围环境的障碍物分布情况,在步骤4.1中,形成8个扇区。
作为一种优选,所述路径规划算法为基于静态障碍物矩阵的局部粒子群路径规划算法。
本发明还提供一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,所述避障系统包括路径规划算法模块、传感器检测模块、避障算法模块;其中,所述路径规划算法模块用于生成基于目标点的行驶路径,所述传感器检测模块用于实时检测障碍物的位置,所述避障算法模块在检测区域内存在障碍物时,基于代价函数形成避让障碍物的行驶路径。
进一步的,所述传感器检测模块以AGV为圆心,传感器的检测半径为半径的圆形成的检测区域,将检测区域等分为若干扇区;将每个扇区顺序标记为S i,其取值0或1,0代表当前扇区内没检测到障碍物,1代表检测到障碍物,则有障碍物分布列表S=[S 1,S 2,...,S M],M为扇区的个数。
进一步的,所述传感器检测模块,建立基于传感器检测半径的障碍物检测矩阵S,判断的S取值,如果所述检测矩阵值为1,则所述避障算法模块计算实时避障行驶路径,如果所述检测矩阵值为0,则AGV基于路径规划算法模块生成基于目标点的行驶路径行驶。
进一步的,如果有扇区取值为1,所述避障算法模块计算所述检测矩阵中0值对应的传感器检测范围边缘与目标点之间的距离,得到最小值,并将AGV运动到该位置;再判断是否到达位置点,如果是则再通过所述径规划算法模块规划基于目标点的行驶路径,AGV继续沿行驶路径行驶,如果不是,则通过避障算法模块规划避障路径再沿其行驶。
进一步的,所述传感器检测模块中所分的扇区个数越多,检测的精度越准确。
作为一种优选,所述传感器检测模块中包含4个传感器,在AGV的前后左右4个对角各放置一个传感器,每个传感器分成2个独立检测区域,实时感知AGV周围环境的障碍物分布情况,形成8个扇区。
进一步的,所述避障算法模块计算所述检测矩阵中0值对应的传感器检测范围边缘与目标 点之间的距离,得到最小值,最小值对应的位置点,将该位置点作为新的目标位置点,在依据路径规划算法生成预行驶路径行驶。
作为一种优选,所述路径规划算法模块基于全局静态障碍物矩阵,使用局部粒子群算法计算出当前位置点到目标点的预行驶路径。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
除了静态障碍物之外还充分考虑了动态障碍物对路径规划的影响,避障策略简单易实现,算法复杂度低,在部署成本较低的同时实现了良好的动态障碍物实时避障效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的AGV运行环境。
图2为本发明实施例的传感器分布示意图。
图3为本发明实施例的检测模型图。
图4为本发明实施例AGV在动态障碍物环境下无碰撞避障路径图。
具体实施方式
现将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行完整的描述。以下描述仅仅是本发明的一部分实施案例而已,并非全部。基于本发明中的实施案例,本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施案例,都属于本发明的权利保护范围之内。
实施例1
一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法,所述方法基于路径规划算法,在AGV行驶过程中,通过障碍物矩阵的方法,采用传感器实时检测当前位置在检测半径内是否存在障碍物,如果存在障碍物则AGV运动到距离目标点最近的位置点,直至AGV运动到目标点。
进一步的,所述方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,确定搬运任务目标点,应用路径规划算法生成预行驶路径;
步骤2,AGV根据预行驶路径运动;
步骤3,判断是否到达终点,如果是,结束路径规划,否则转到步骤4;
步骤4,采用传感器,建立基于传感器检测半径的障碍物检测矩阵S,判断的S取值,如果所述检测矩阵值为1,转到步骤5,否则转到步骤2;
步骤5,计算所述检测矩阵中0值对应的传感器检测范围边缘与目标点之间的距离,得到最小值,并将AGV运动到该位置;
步骤6,判断S的值,如果其中有扇区取值为1,转到步骤5,否则转到步骤7;
步骤7,判断是否到达位置点,如果是,转到步骤1,否则转到步骤5。
进一步的,所述步骤4具体为:
步骤4.1,以AGV为圆心,传感器的检测半径为半径的圆形成的检测区域,将检测区域 等分为若干扇区;
步骤4.2,将每个扇区顺序标记为S i,其取值0或1,0代表当前扇区内没检测到障碍物,1代表检测到障碍物,则有障碍物分布列表S=[S 1,S 2,...,S M],M为扇区的个数。
进一步的,所述步骤5具体为:
步骤5.1,依次计算取值为0的扇区中心线与传感器检测范围边缘相交的位置点p i到目标点的距离d i,将其作为确定最佳路径的代价函数;
步骤5.2,计算d i最小值对应的位置点p i min,将p i min作为新的目标位置点,再依据路径规划算法生成预行驶路径行驶。
进一步的,在步骤4.1中,所述扇区的个数越多,检测的精度越准确。
进一步的,在AGV的前后左右4个对角各放置一个传感器,每个传感器分成2个独立检测区域,实时感知AGV周围环境的障碍物分布情况,在步骤4.1中,形成8个扇区。
作为一种优选,所述路径规划算法为基于静态障碍物矩阵的局部粒子群路径规划算法。
在如图1所示的AGV运行环境中存在生产设备、建筑设施等静态障碍物和车间中的其他AGV这类动态障碍物。在AGV上配备了能够检测障碍物的传感器,如图2所示,其中v a为AGV当前的运动方向;L为传感器检测范围半径;s i为传感器检测扇区,其取值0或1,0代表当前扇区内没检测到障碍物,1代表检测到障碍物;扇区总数为8,其值越大检测障碍物的分辨率就越高,进而AGV采取避障措施而规划出的新路径就越精确。则有障碍物分布列表:S=[s 1,s 2,...,s 8]。
避障算法流程如下:
步骤1确定搬运任务目标点,并应用路径规划算法生成预行驶路径。
步骤2 AGV根据预行驶路径运动,并实时检测障碍物。
步骤3判断是否到达终点,如果是,结束路径规划,否则转到步骤4。
步骤4判断S的取值,如果其中有扇区取值为1,转到步骤5,否则转到步骤2。
步骤5依次计算取值为0的扇区中心线与传感器检测范围边缘相交的位置点p i到目标点的距离d i,将其作为确定最佳路径的代价函数,需要满足s i=0,i∈[1,8]。
步骤6 AGV运动到距离目标点最近的位置点p i min,d i min=min(d i),并实时检测障碍物。
步骤7判断S的取值,如果其中有扇区取值为1,转到步骤5,否则转到步骤8。
步骤8判断是否到达位置点p i min,如果是,转到步骤1,否则转到步骤5。
在图3所示的例子中,S=[1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]。其中s 2=s 3=s 5=s 6=0,s 1=s 4=s 7=s 8=1,p 2、p 3、p 5、p 6是可行的待选位置点,此时AGV需要根据避障策略判断待选位置点中哪一点离目标点距离最近,在本例中,p 2距离搬运任务目标点最近,所以选择该位置点为局部目标点,重新规划路径。在AGV从当前位置运动到p 2的过程中,每隔固定时 间判断S的取值,如步骤7所述,通过这样的逐步迭代过程,最终到达搬运任务的目标点。AGV在动态障碍物环境下的无碰撞路径如图4所示。
实施例2
本发明还提供一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,所述避障系统包括路径规划算法模块、传感器检测模块、避障算法模块;其中,所述路径规划算法模块用于生成基于目标点的行驶路径,所述传感器检测模块用于实时检测障碍物的位置,所述避障算法模块在检测区域内存在障碍物时,基于代价函数形成避让障碍物的行驶路径。
进一步的,所述传感器检测模块以AGV为圆心,传感器的检测半径为半径的圆形成的检测区域,将检测区域等分为若干扇区;将每个扇区顺序标记为S i,其取值0或1,0代表当前扇区内没检测到障碍物,1代表检测到障碍物,则有障碍物分布列表S=[S 1,S 2,...,S M],M为扇区的个数。
进一步的,所述传感器检测模块,建立基于传感器检测半径的障碍物检测矩阵S,判断的S取值,如果所述检测矩阵值为1,则所述避障算法模块计算实时避障行驶路径,如果所述检测矩阵值为0,则AGV基于路径规划算法模块生成基于目标点的行驶路径行驶。
进一步的,如果有扇区取值为1,所述避障算法模块计算所述检测矩阵中0值对应的传感器检测范围边缘与目标点之间的距离,得到最小值,并将AGV运动到该位置;再判断是否到达位置点,如果是则再通过所述径规划算法模块规划基于目标点的行驶路径,AGV继续沿行驶路径行驶,如果不是,则通过避障算法模块规划避障路径再沿其行驶。
进一步的,所述传感器检测模块中所分的扇区个数越多,检测的精度越准确。
作为一种优选,所述传感器检测模块中包含4个传感器,在AGV的前后左右4个对角各放置一个传感器,每个传感器分成2个独立检测区域,实时感知AGV周围环境的障碍物分布情况,形成8个扇区。
进一步的,所述避障算法模块计算所述检测矩阵中0值对应的传感器检测范围边缘与目标点之间的距离,得到最小值,最小值对应的位置点,将该位置点作为新的目标位置点,在依据路径规划算法生成预行驶路径行驶。
作为一种优选,所述路径规划算法模块基于全局静态障碍物矩阵,使用局部粒子群算法计算出当前位置点到目标点的预行驶路径。
本发明提供的方法及系统除了静态障碍物之外还充分考虑了动态障碍物对路径规划的影响,避障策略简单易实现,算法复杂度低,在部署成本较低的同时实现了良好的动态障碍物实时避障效果。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,本发明要求保护范围由所 附的权利要求书、说明书及其等效物界定。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法,其特征在于,所述方法基于路径规划算法,在AGV行驶过程中,通过障碍物矩阵的方法,采用传感器实时检测当前位置在检测半径内是否存在障碍物,如果存在障碍物则AGV运动到距离目标点最近的位置点,直至AGV运动到目标点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法,其特征在于,所述方法具体包括以下步骤:
    步骤1,确定搬运任务目标点,应用路径规划算法生成预行驶路径;
    步骤2,AGV根据预行驶路径运动;
    步骤3,判断是否到达终点,如果是,结束路径规划,否则转到步骤4;
    步骤4,采用传感器,建立基于传感器检测半径的障碍物检测矩阵S,判断的S取值,如果所述检测矩阵值为1,转到步骤5,否则转到步骤2;
    步骤5,计算所述检测矩阵中0值对应的传感器检测范围边缘与目标点之间的距离,得到最小值,并将AGV运动到该位置;
    步骤6,判断S的值,如果其中有扇区取值为1,转到步骤5,否则转到步骤7;
    步骤7,判断是否到达位置点,如果是,转到步骤1,否则转到步骤5。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4具体为:
    步骤4.1,以AGV为圆心,传感器的检测半径为半径的圆形成的检测区域,将检测区域等分为若干扇区;
    步骤4.2,将每个扇区顺序标记为S i,其取值0或1,0代表当前扇区内没检测到障碍物,1代表检测到障碍物,则有障碍物分布列表S=[S 1,S 2,...,S M],M为扇区的个数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5具体为:
    步骤5.1,依次计算取值为0的扇区中心线与传感器检测范围边缘相交的位置点p i到目标点的距离d i,将其作为确定最佳路径的代价函数;
    步骤5.2,计算d i最小值对应的位置点p i min,将p i min作为新的目标位置点,再依据路径规划算法生成预行驶路径行驶。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法,其特征在于,在步骤4.1中,所述扇区的个数越多,检测的精度越准确。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法,其特征在于,在AGV的前后左右4个对角各放置一个传感器,每个传感器分成2个独立检测区域,实时感知AGV周围环境的障碍物分布情况,在步骤4.1中,形成8个扇区。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障方法,其特征在于,所述路径规划算法为基于静态障碍物矩阵的局部粒子群路径规划算法。
  8. 一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,其特征在于,所述避障系统包括路径规划算法模块、传感器检测模块、避障算法模块;其中,所述路径规划算法模块用于生成基于目标点的行驶路径,所述传感器检测模块用于实时检测障碍物的位置,所述避障算法模块在检测区域内存在障碍物时,基于代价函数形成避让障碍物的行驶路径。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,其特征在于,所述传感器检测模块以AGV为圆心,传感器的检测半径为半径的圆形成的检测区域,将检测区域等分为若干扇区;将每个扇区顺序标记为S i,其取值0或1,0代表当前扇区内没检测到障碍物,1代表检测到障碍物,则有障碍物分布列表S=[S 1,S 2,...,S M],M为扇区的个数。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,其特征在于,所述传感器检测模块,建立基于传感器检测半径的障碍物检测矩阵S,判断的S取值,如果所述检测矩阵值为1,则所述避障算法模块计算实时避障行驶路径,如果所述检测矩阵值为0,则AGV基于路径规划算法模块生成基于目标点的行驶路径行驶。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,其特征在于,如果有扇区取值为1,所述避障算法模块计算所述检测矩阵中0值对应的传感器检测范围边缘与目标点之间的距离,得到最小值,并将AGV运动到该位置;再判断是否到达位置点,如果是则再通过所述径规划算法模块规划基于目标点的行驶路径,AGV继续沿行驶路径行驶,如果不是,则通过避障算法模块规划避障路径再沿其行驶。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,其特征在于,所述传感器检测模块中所分的扇区个数越多,检测的精度越准确。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,其特征在于,所述传感器检测模块中包含4个传感器,在AGV的前后左右4个对角各放置一个传感器,每个传感器分成2个独立检测区域,实时感知AGV周围环境的障碍物分布情况,形成8个扇区。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,其特征在于,所述避障算法模块计算所述检测矩阵中0值对应的传感器检测范围边缘与目标点之间的距离,得到最小值,最小值对应的位置点,将该位置点作为新的目标位置点,在依据路径规划算法生成预行驶路径行驶。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的一种多AGV系统动态障碍物实时避障系统,其特征在于,所述路径规划算法模块基于全局静态障碍物矩阵,使用局部粒子群算法计算出当前位置点到目标点的预行驶路径。
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