WO2020218935A1 - Procédé de diminution d'induction et de résistance d'ondes d'une ligne de transmission et câble audio - Google Patents

Procédé de diminution d'induction et de résistance d'ondes d'une ligne de transmission et câble audio Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020218935A1
WO2020218935A1 PCT/RU2019/000285 RU2019000285W WO2020218935A1 WO 2020218935 A1 WO2020218935 A1 WO 2020218935A1 RU 2019000285 W RU2019000285 W RU 2019000285W WO 2020218935 A1 WO2020218935 A1 WO 2020218935A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductors
wire
audio cable
transmission line
inductance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2019/000285
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Александр Геннадьевич ПОПОВ
Владимир Иванович ПОПОВ
Original Assignee
Александр Геннадьевич ПОПОВ
Владимир Иванович ПОПОВ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Александр Геннадьевич ПОПОВ, Владимир Иванович ПОПОВ filed Critical Александр Геннадьевич ПОПОВ
Priority to PCT/RU2019/000285 priority Critical patent/WO2020218935A1/fr
Publication of WO2020218935A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020218935A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrical signal transmission lines, preferably audio cables, as analog signal transmission lines.
  • the disadvantage of the prototype is that the inductance and characteristic impedance of the transmission line decreases in proportion to the number of connected two-wire transmission lines. For example, to reduce inductance and characteristic impedance 10 times, 10 two-wire transmission lines will need to be connected in parallel.
  • the proposed invention eliminates this disadvantage of the prototype: the number of parallel-connected two-wire transmission lines is significantly reduced to achieve the required reduction in inductance and characteristic impedance of the transmission line.
  • I the frequencies of the electrical signal in the audio range
  • the characteristic impedance Z n of the line is equal to the impedance Z H of the load (acoustic system), it behaves like an infinitely long line, without signal reflection from the load.
  • the amplifier is loaded only by the impedance Z H of the load, as if there were no transmission lines. Consequently, there is no distortion of the transmitted signal.
  • Z n the test rectangular pulse has no distortion at the load (see the oscillogram of FIG. 1 given in [6]).
  • the test rectangular pulse has aperiodic surges at the leading and trailing edges, which, with a significant mismatch, turn into damped high-frequency oscillations at the natural resonance frequency of the cable (in the case of an active load) or at the resonance frequency between the cable inductance and the load capacitance, which may already be in the high-frequency part of the audio range.
  • the loudspeaker (acoustic system) has an impedance module Z H from 2 to 16 ohms (as a rule,
  • 8 ohms.
  • the audio cable according to US patent N ° US 539393 3A contains a two-wire transmission line in the form of two parallel strips (buses) located one after the other with a dielectric insulator between them.
  • Characteristic impedance of an audio cable Z 2 ⁇ 8 OM.
  • the disadvantage of this technical solution is the manifestation of the known proximity effect (a «b), which leads to an increase in the active resistance and inductance of the transmission line wires (see, for example, LA Bessonov Theoretical Foundations of Electrical Engineering ([3] pp. 700-702).
  • the calculation showed an increase in inductance by a factor of 6 and an increase in resistance by a factor of 3.
  • the busbars of the cable do not allow it to be arbitrarily bent without the risk of violating the stability of electrical parameters.
  • the audio cable disclosed by David Saltz in US Pat. No. JVT® US 8569627 contains a plurality of conductors, each of which consists of two or more metallic conductors arranged in a plane and touching each other, essentially forming parallel strips (tires).
  • the conductors are run in parallel within at least two extruded insulators, which are installed back to back.
  • the package of extruded insulators with conductors is twisted in the form of a spiral in the longitudinal direction and placed in a protective extruded sheath.
  • the disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively high characteristic impedance. Depending on the cable modification, Z> 23 ohm.
  • the proposed invention eliminates this disadvantage of the prototype by implementing in the audio cable the claimed method for reducing the inductance and wave impedance of the transmission line. This results in an audio cable with low inductance and reduced characteristic impedance to the level of the loudspeaker impedance.
  • the matching of the audio cable to the load allows a multiple increase in the cable length in comparison with the accepted standard dimensions without compromising the fidelity of sound reproduction.
  • a method for reducing the inductance and characteristic impedance of a transmission line which consists in the fact that at least two two-wire transmission lines are connected in parallel.
  • two-wire transmission lines are sequentially arranged one after another in such a way that the forward wire of each subsequent two-wire transmission line is placed behind the return wire of the previous two-wire transmission line, respectively, the return wire of each subsequent two-wire transmission line is placed behind the forward wire of the previous two-wire transmission line.
  • An audio cable that implements the method contains a plurality of conductors, each of which consists of two or more metal cores located in a plane and touching among themselves, the conductors are laid in parallel in the same plane inside at least two extruded insulators of N - pieces in each, where N> 1, extruded insulators with parallel rows of N conductors are installed close to each other, so that each conductor from the previous row of N conductors is aligned with the corresponding conductor from the next row of N conductors, a package of extruded insulators with conductors is twisted in the form of a spiral in the longitudinal direction and placed in a protective extruded sheath, one part of the plurality of conductors forms a straight wire of the audio cable, and the other part from multiple conductors form the return wire of the audio cable.
  • groups of S conductors belonging to the direct wire of the audio cable alternate with groups of S conductors belonging to the return wire of the audio cable, where S> 1, and behind each conductor belonging to the direct wire of the audio cable from the previous row N conductors there is a conductor belonging to the return wire of the audio cable from the next row of N conductors, respectively, behind each conductor belonging to the return wire of the audio cable from the previous row of N conductors, there is a conductor belonging to the direct wire of the audio cable from the next row of N conductors.
  • FIG. 2 oscillograms of a rectangular pulse at the load S and at the output of the pulse generator A in the case of a mismatch between the transmission line and the load Z L > Z H.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the parallel connection of 4 two-wire transmission lines.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of an arrangement of forward and reverse flat wires when 4 two-wire transmission lines are connected in parallel according to the inventive method.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an audio cable with four rows of conductors in extruded insulators with two flat conductors in each row and six contacting cores in each
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an audio cable with four rows of conductors in extruded insulators, with four conductors from two contacting conductors in each row.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an audio cable with four rows of conductors in extruded insulators with two groups of two conductors in each row and two contacting conductors in each conductor.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an audio cable with six rows of conductors in extruded insulators with six conductors from two contacting conductors in each row.
  • the conductors belonging to the direct wire of the audio cable are conventionally marked in white, and the conductors belonging to the return wire are in gray.
  • the forward wire 45 of the subsequent two-wire transmission line 42 is placed behind the return wire 46 of the previous
  • the return wire 46 of the subsequent two-wire transmission line 42 is placed behind the forward wire 45 of the previous two-wire transmission line 41, etc.
  • the emf is equal to
  • the mutual induction coefficient is related to the value of the flux linkage of the contours of a pair of lines and depends on the distance between the lines - the smaller the distance, the greater the mutual induction coefficient. Pairs of adjacent lines have the highest mutual induction coefficient, that is
  • the method for reducing the inductance and characteristic impedance of a transmission line is implemented in an audio cable, four embodiments of which are presented below.
  • the audio cable Fig. 5 contains 12 flat conductors, each of which consists of 8 copper conductors 51 with a diameter of 0.4 mm, located in the plane and in contact with each other.
  • the conductors are laid in parallel in one plane inside 6 extruded insulators 52, 1.25 mm thick, two conductors 53 and 54 in each.
  • the conductors 53 of the extruded insulators 52 belong to the forward wire (not shown) of the audio cable, and the conductors 54 belong to the return wire (not shown) of the audio cable.
  • Extruded insulators 52 with two conductors are installed side-by-side such that conductor 54 from a subsequent extruded insulator 52 is located behind conductor 53 from a previous extruded insulator 52, and conductor 53 from a subsequent extruded insulator 52 is located behind conductor 54 from a previous extruded insulator 52
  • the material of the insulators 52 is polyethylene or other extrudable polymer.
  • all conductors 53 and all conductors 54 with insulators removed are electrically connected to each other, for example by soldering tin silver-plated solder, respectively forming the direct and return wires of the audio cable.
  • the four pairs of conductors 53 and 54 are, in fact, two-wire transmission lines connected in parallel with each other according to the method of the invention.
  • the width of the flat conductors 53, 54 W - 3.2 mm and the distance between the two-wire lines of the audio cable Fig. 5 approximately coincide with the corresponding dimensions of the parallel connection of 6 lines in the above experiment according to the method of the invention.
  • the gap 5 0.5mm between conductors 53, 54 is 4 times smaller. It is known that a decrease in the spacing S in a coplanar strip line leads to a decrease in the characteristic impedance (characteristic impedance) of the Z line.
  • the characteristic impedance Z of a two-wire line will decrease by 1.5 times (see the graph of the dependence of Z on the ratio 5 / (5 4- 2 W) in [8] page 262). Consequently, the characteristic impedance of the audio cable should also be reduced by 1.5 times compared to the parallel connection of 6 lines in the experiment according to the method of the invention. That is, when implementing the invention, one should expect Z ⁇ 4 ohms.
  • the audio cable of Fig. 6 contains 16 conductors, each of which consists of 2 copper cores 61 located in a plane and in contact with each other.
  • the conductors are laid in parallel in the same plane inside four extruded insulators 62, 4 conductors 63, 64, 65, 66 each.
  • Conductors 63 and 65 belong to the forward wire of the audio cable and conductors 64 and 66 belong to the return wire of the audio cable.
  • Extruded insulators 62 with parallel rows of four conductors 63, 64, 65, 66 are mounted side by side so that behind conductors 63 and 65 of the previous extruded insulator 62 conductors 64 and 66 from the subsequent extruded insulator 62 are located, and behind the conductors 64 and 66 from the previous extruded insulator 62 are conductors 63 and 65 from the subsequent extruded insulator 62.
  • all conductors 63, 65 and, respectively, all conductors 64, 66 with removed insulators are electrically connected to each other, for example, by soldering with tin-silver solder, respectively forming a forward and return wire of the audio cable.
  • the audio cable of Fig. 7 contains 16 conductors, each of which consists of 2 metal cores 71 located in the plane and in contact with each other.
  • the conductors are laid in parallel in the same plane inside four extruded insulators 72 with 2 groups of conductors 73, 74 and 75, 76 in each.
  • the group of conductors 73, 74 belongs to the forward wire of the audio cable, and the group of wires 75, 76 belongs to the return wire of the audio cable.
  • all conductors 73, 74 and, accordingly, all conductors 75, 76 with removed insulators are electrically connected to each other, for example, by soldering with tin-silver solder, respectively forming a direct and return wire of the audio cable.
  • linear inductance L 0.082 ⁇ H / m
  • linear capacitance C 378 pF / m
  • the audio cable of Fig. 8 contains 36 conductors, each of which consists of 2 copper conductors 81 located in a plane and in contact with each other.
  • the conductors are laid in parallel in the same plane inside six extruded insulators 82 with six conductors 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 in each.
  • Conductors 83, 85, 87 belong to the forward wire of the audio cable and conductors 84, 86, 88 belong to the return wire of the audio cable.
  • Extruded insulators 82 with parallel rows of six conductors 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 are installed side by side, so that behind conductors 83, 85, 87 from the previous extruded insulator 82 are conductors 88, 86, 84 of subsequent of the extruded insulator 82, and behind the conductors 84, 86, 88 from the previous extruded insulator 82 are the conductors 87, 85, 83 from the subsequent extruded insulator 82.
  • all conductors 83, 85, 87 and, respectively, all conductors 84, 86, 88 with removed insulators are electrically connected to each other, for example, by soldering with tin-silver solder, respectively forming a forward and return wire of the audio cable.

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  • Communication Cables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de diminution d'induction et de résistance d'ondes d'une ligne de transmission qui consiste en la connexion parallèle de lignes de transmission à deux conducteurs; les lignes de transmission à deux conducteurs sont disposées séquentiellement l'une derrière l'autre de sorte que le conducteur direct de ligne de transmission successive soit disposé derrière le conducteur retour de la ligne de transmission précédente, et que respectivement le conducteur retour de chaque ligne de transmission à deux conducteurs suivante soit disposé derrière le conducteur direct de la ligne de transmission précédente. Le câble audio permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé comprend une pluralité de fils isolés essentiellement plats qui se composent chacun deux brins métalliques en contact ou plus, disposés parallèlement en rangées dans des isolateurs extrudés. Une partie de la pluralité de fils forme un conducteur direct de câble audio, et l'autre partie de la pluralité de fils forme un câble retour. Les isolateurs extrudés avec des rangées parallèles de fils sont disposés étroitement les uns derrière les autres de sorte que, dans chaque rangée de conducteurs, il y ait une alternance de fils appartenant au conducteur direct du câble audio avec des fils appartenant au conducteur retour.
PCT/RU2019/000285 2019-04-22 2019-04-22 Procédé de diminution d'induction et de résistance d'ondes d'une ligne de transmission et câble audio WO2020218935A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2019/000285 WO2020218935A1 (fr) 2019-04-22 2019-04-22 Procédé de diminution d'induction et de résistance d'ondes d'une ligne de transmission et câble audio

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2019/000285 WO2020218935A1 (fr) 2019-04-22 2019-04-22 Procédé de diminution d'induction et de résistance d'ondes d'une ligne de transmission et câble audio

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WO2020218935A1 true WO2020218935A1 (fr) 2020-10-29

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5393933A (en) * 1993-03-15 1995-02-28 Goertz; Ole S. Characteristic impedance corrected audio signal cable
US5510578A (en) * 1993-05-04 1996-04-23 Dunlavy; John H. Audio loudspeaker cable assembly
US8569627B1 (en) * 2009-09-01 2013-10-29 Wireworld By David Salz, Inc. High speed, low noise, low inductance transmission line cable

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5393933A (en) * 1993-03-15 1995-02-28 Goertz; Ole S. Characteristic impedance corrected audio signal cable
US5510578A (en) * 1993-05-04 1996-04-23 Dunlavy; John H. Audio loudspeaker cable assembly
US8569627B1 (en) * 2009-09-01 2013-10-29 Wireworld By David Salz, Inc. High speed, low noise, low inductance transmission line cable

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
M, MIR.: "E.Red Spravochnoe posobie po vysokochastgotnoi skhemotekhnike , Skhemy, bloki", 50-OMNAIA TEKHNIKA, 1990, pages 22 - 23 *

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