WO2020216108A1 - 电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机 - Google Patents

电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020216108A1
WO2020216108A1 PCT/CN2020/084842 CN2020084842W WO2020216108A1 WO 2020216108 A1 WO2020216108 A1 WO 2020216108A1 CN 2020084842 W CN2020084842 W CN 2020084842W WO 2020216108 A1 WO2020216108 A1 WO 2020216108A1
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Prior art keywords
magnet
rotor
magnets
magnetic
magnetic pole
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PCT/CN2020/084842
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张学义
胡文静
雷雨龙
王善健
尹红彬
耿慧慧
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山东理工大学
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Priority to US17/044,070 priority Critical patent/US11611252B2/en
Publication of WO2020216108A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020216108A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle motors and appliances, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a hybrid excitation drive motor of electromagnetic and invisible magnetic poles.
  • the rotors of permanent magnet drive motors used in electric vehicles are mostly embedded with permanent magnets, such as the prior art, patent name: a permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor and permanent magnet synchronous motor, publication number: CN 104485762 A, public
  • the rotor core is evenly distributed along the radial direction with an even number of tangential permanent magnets, two adjacent tangential permanent magnets of the same polarity are opposite, and two ends of each tangential permanent magnet close to the inner side of the rotor core
  • One radial permanent magnet is arranged symmetrically on each side.
  • the present invention designs and develops a hybrid excitation drive motor that overcomes the above-mentioned defects, has small rotor magnetic leakage, high permanent magnet utilization, magnetic isolation air gap instead of permanent magnets to improve the magnetic field distribution of the motor, and light weight electromagnetic and invisible magnetic pole hybrid excitation drive motor.
  • the electromagnetic and invisible magnetic pole hybrid excitation drive motor consists of a front cover, a rear cover, a housing, a hybrid excitation rotor, and a stator. It is characterized in that: the hybrid excitation rotor consists of an electrically excited rotor with a carbon brush slip ring structure and an invisible permanent magnet Rotor composition
  • the invisible permanent magnet rotor includes a shaft, a rotor core, and a magnetic isolation air gap.
  • the rotor core is evenly distributed with an even number of magnetic poles.
  • Each magnetic pole is along the circumferential direction of the rotor core.
  • Each magnetic pole consists of two first magnets and a second magnet. It is composed of two magnets and a third magnet.
  • the length of each magnetic pole corresponding to the outer arc of the rotor is equal to the length of the outer arc of the rotor between two adjacent magnetic poles.
  • the first and second magnets are both rectangular permanent magnets.
  • the third magnet is a circular arc magnet
  • the first magnet is placed along the diameter of the rotor core
  • the outer end of the first magnet is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor core
  • the second magnet is along the circumferential chord direction parallel to the cross section of the rotor core Set in the middle of the two first magnets in each magnetic pole
  • the second magnet is located in the diameter direction corresponding to the middle and lower part of the two first magnets in each magnetic pole
  • the length of the second magnet in the direction perpendicular to the diameter is less than 2/3 of the length between the inner ends of two adjacent first magnets
  • the third magnet is arranged in the middle of the outer ends of two adjacent first magnets
  • the diameter of the third magnet is equal to the second magnet in the direction perpendicular to the diameter
  • the inner end of the first magnet is provided with a magnetic isolation air gap penetrating the rotor core.
  • the magnetic isolation air gap extends from the inner end of the first magnet to both sides of the inner end of the first magnet.
  • the middle and outer sides are connected to the first magnet
  • the left side of the magnetic isolation air gap extends to the right end of the adjacent second magnet on the left
  • the left side of the magnetic isolation air gap is not connected to the right end of the second magnet adjacent to the left.
  • the air gap is symmetrical about the first magnet, and the rotor core is press-fitted on the shaft.
  • the outer polarities of the two first magnets, the outer polarities of the second magnet, and the outer polarities of the third magnet in a single magnetic pole of the rotor core are all the same and are N-poles.
  • the polarities are formed by the S poles of the first magnet, the second magnet and the third magnet corresponding to the two adjacent magnetic poles, which are collected by the rotor core to form an invisible S pole.
  • the thickness in the magnetization direction of the second magnet is smaller than the thickness in the magnetization direction of the first magnet, and the thickness in the magnetization direction of the third magnet is smaller than the thickness in the magnetization direction of the second magnet.
  • the stator of the drive motor When the drive motor is supplied with three-phase alternating current that is pulse-width modulated by a three-phase inverter, the stator of the drive motor generates a spatial rotating magnetic field, which interacts with the magnetic field generated by the rotor, and the rotor generates the same direction as the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding The rotating torque makes the rotor of the drive motor rotate, and then drives the electric vehicle to run.
  • the invention designs and develops a hybrid excitation drive motor with electromagnetic and invisible magnetic poles.
  • the magnetic isolation air gap starts from the inner end of the first magnet and extends to both sides of the inner end of the first magnet. Because the magnetic isolation air gap has the effect of obstructing the passage of the magnetic field, Regardless of the presence of the second and third magnets, the magnetic field of each pole will be concentrated in the middle of the arc of each pole as much as possible. Therefore, the magnetic isolation air gap can adjust the spatial distribution of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet of each pole. To replace the role of permanent magnets, save the number of permanent magnets, reduce the weight of the motor, and reduce the cost of the motor.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic and invisible magnetic pole hybrid excitation drive motor of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the permanent magnet rotor of the present invention.
  • the electromagnetic and invisible magnetic pole hybrid excitation drive motor is composed of a front cover 2, a rear cover 9, a casing 5, a hybrid excitation rotor, and a stator 6.
  • the hybrid excitation rotor is composed of an electric excitation rotor with a carbon brush slip ring structure It is composed of invisible permanent magnet rotor;
  • the invisible permanent magnet rotor includes a shaft 1, a rotor core 7, and a magnetic isolation air gap 8.
  • the rotor core 7 is evenly distributed with an even number of magnetic poles.
  • Each magnetic pole is along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 7, and each magnetic pole consists of two It consists of a magnet 3, a second magnet 4 and a third magnet 10.
  • the length of each magnetic pole corresponding to the outer arc of the rotor is equal to the length of the outer arc of the rotor between two adjacent magnetic poles.
  • the first magnet 3 and The second magnet 4 is made of rectangular permanent magnet steel, and the third magnet 10 is an arc magnet.
  • the first magnet 3 is placed along the diameter of the rotor core 7, and the outer end of the first magnet 3 is not connected to the outer circle of the rotor core 7 ,
  • the second magnet 4 is arranged in the middle of the two first magnets 3 in each magnetic pole along the circumferential chord direction of the cross section of the rotor core 7, and the second magnet 4 is located in the diameter direction corresponding to the two pieces in each magnetic pole In the middle and lower part of the first magnet, the length of the second magnet 4 in the direction perpendicular to the diameter is less than 2/3 of the length between the inner ends of two adjacent first magnets 3, and the third magnet 10 is arranged on two adjacent first magnets.
  • the diameter of the third magnet 10 is equal to the length of the second magnet 4 in the direction perpendicular to the diameter.
  • the inner end of the first magnet 3 is provided with a magnetic isolation air gap 8 penetrating the rotor core 7.
  • the magnetic isolation air gap 8 extends from the inner end of the first magnet 3 to both sides of the inner end of the first magnet 3.
  • the middle and outer sides of the magnetic isolation air gap 8 are connected to the first magnet 3, and the left side is based on the counterclockwise rotation direction. To the right direction, as shown in Fig.
  • the left side of the magnetic isolation air gap 8 extends to the right end of the left adjacent second magnet 4, and the left side of the magnetic isolation air gap 8 is adjacent to the left side of the second magnet
  • the right end of the second magnet 4 is not connected, and the left end of the second magnet 4 is connected to the right end of the adjacent magnetic isolation air gap 8 on the left.
  • the magnetic isolation air gap 8 is symmetrical to the first magnet, and the rotor core 7 is press-fitted on the shaft 1.
  • the two poles of the rotor core 7 have the same polarity on the outside of the first magnet 3, the polarity on the outside of the second magnet 4, and the polarity on the outside of the third magnet 10.
  • the polarity of the middle part of the magnetic poles is formed by the S poles of the first magnet 3, the second magnet 4 and the third magnet 10 corresponding to the two adjacent magnetic poles through the rotor core to form an invisible S pole.
  • the magnetization direction thickness of the second magnet 4 is smaller than the magnetization direction thickness of the first magnet 3, and the magnetization direction thickness of the third magnet 10 is smaller than the magnetization direction thickness of the second magnet 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机，每个磁极均由两块第一磁铁（3）、一块第二磁铁（4）和一块第三磁铁（10）组成，第一磁铁（3）沿转子铁芯（7）直径方向放置，第二磁铁（4）在直径方向上位于对应每个磁极中的两块第一磁铁（3）的中下部，隔磁气隙（8）设置于第一磁铁（3）的内端，并向第一磁铁（3）内端两侧延伸。

Description

电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车电机电器技术领域，更具体的是，本发明涉及一种电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机。
背景技术
目前电动汽车上采用的永磁驱动电机的转子大多采用永磁体外嵌入式结构，如现有技术，专利名称：一种永磁同步电机转子及永磁同步电机，公开号：CN 104485762 A，公开了如下技术方案，转子铁芯沿径向均布有偶数个切向永磁体，相邻两个切向永磁体的相同极性相对，靠近转子铁芯内侧的每个切向永磁体的一端两侧各对称设置一个有一个径向永磁体，该结构转子的径向永磁体的存在是解决永磁同步电机转子漏磁大、永磁体利用率低的问题，但是径向永磁体的增加导致电机转子整体重量增加，也浪费了永磁材料，使得电机整体性能不高，因此有必要进一步改进其使用性能。
发明内容
本发明设计开发了一种克服上述缺陷，转子漏磁小、永磁体利用率高、隔磁气隙代替永磁体改善电机磁场分布、重量轻的电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机。
本发明提供的技术方案为：
电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机，由前端盖、后端盖、机壳、混合励磁转子、定子组成，其特征在于：混合励磁转子由带有碳刷滑环结构的电励磁转子和隐形永磁转子组成；
隐形永磁转子包括轴、转子铁芯、隔磁气隙，转子铁芯上均布有偶数个磁极，每个磁极沿转子铁芯圆周方向，每个磁极均由两块第一磁铁、一块第二磁铁和一块第三磁铁组成，每个磁极对应转子外圆弧长的长度等于相邻两个磁极之间对应转子外圆弧长的长度，第一磁铁和第二磁铁均为矩形永磁钢，第三磁铁为圆弧形磁铁，第一磁铁沿转子铁芯直径方向放置，第一磁铁的外端与转子铁芯外圆不相连，第二磁铁沿平行于转子铁芯横截面圆周弦方向设置在每个磁极中的两个第一磁铁的中间，第二磁铁在直径方向上位于对应每个磁极中的两 块第一磁铁的中下部，第二磁铁在垂直于直径方向上的长度小于相邻两个第一磁铁内端之间长度的2/3，第三磁铁设置在相邻两个第一磁铁的外端中间处，第三磁铁的直径等于第二磁铁在垂直于直径方向上的长度，在第一磁铁的内端设置有贯穿转子铁芯的隔磁气隙，隔磁气隙由第一磁铁的内端处向第一磁铁内端两侧处延伸，隔磁气隙的中间外侧与第一磁铁相连，隔磁气隙的左侧延伸至左侧相邻第二磁铁的右端，隔磁气隙的左侧与左侧相邻的第二磁铁的右端不连通，隔磁气隙关于第一磁铁对称，转子铁芯压装在轴上。
所述转子铁芯的单个磁极中的两块第一磁铁外侧的极性、第二磁铁外侧的极性以及第三磁铁外侧的极性均相同且为N极，相邻两个磁极中间部分的极性由对应相邻两个磁极中的第一磁铁、第二磁铁以及第三磁铁的S极通过转子铁芯汇集形成隐形S极。
所述第二磁铁的充磁方向厚度小于所述第一磁铁的充磁方向厚度，所述第三磁铁的充磁方向厚度小于所述第二磁铁的充磁方向厚度。
工作原理：
当驱动电机通入由三相逆变器经脉宽调制的三相交流电后，驱动电机的定子产生空间旋转磁场，它与转子所产生的磁场相互作用，转子产生与定子绕组旋转磁场方向一致的旋转转矩，使驱动电机的转子转动，进而驱动电动汽车运行。
本发明所述的有益效果：
本发明设计开发了一种电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机，隔磁气隙从第一磁铁内端开始，向第一磁铁内端两侧延伸，由于隔磁气隙有阻碍磁场通过的作用，不论有无第二磁铁、第三磁铁存在的磁极，都会使得每极磁场尽可能地聚集于每极极弧的中间部位，因此隔磁气隙能够调节每极永磁体产生磁场的空间分布，起到代替永磁体的作用，节省永磁体的数量，减小电机的重量，降低了电机成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机的剖视结构示意图。
图2为本发明所述永磁转子的剖视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施：
电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机，由前端盖2、后端盖9、机壳5、混合励磁转子、定子6组成，其特征在于：混合励磁转子由带有碳刷滑环结构的电励磁转子和隐形永磁转子组成；
隐形永磁转子包括轴1、转子铁芯7、隔磁气隙8，转子铁芯7上均布有偶数个磁极，每个磁极沿转子铁芯7圆周方向，每个磁极均由两块第一磁铁3、一块第二磁铁4和一块第三磁铁10组成，每个磁极对应转子外圆弧长的长度等于相邻两个磁极之间对应转子外圆弧长的长度，第一磁铁3和第二磁铁4均为矩形永磁钢，第三磁铁10为圆弧形磁铁，第一磁铁3沿转子铁芯7直径方向放置，第一磁铁3的外端与转子铁芯7外圆不相连，第二磁铁4沿平行于转子铁芯7横截面圆周弦方向设置在每个磁极中的两个第一磁铁3的中间，第二磁铁4在直径方向上位于对应每个磁极中的两块第一磁铁的中下部，第二磁铁4在垂直于直径方向上的长度小于相邻两个第一磁铁3内端之间长度的2/3，第三磁铁10设置在相邻两个第一磁铁3的外端中间处，第三磁铁10的直径等于第二磁铁4在垂直于直径方向上的长度，在第一磁铁3的内端设置有贯穿转子铁芯7的隔磁气隙8，隔磁气隙8由第一磁铁3的内端处向第一磁铁3内端两侧处延伸，隔磁气隙8的中间外侧与第一磁铁3相连，以逆时针旋转方向为由左侧至右侧的走向，如图2所示，隔磁气隙8的左侧延伸至左侧相邻第二磁铁4的右端，隔磁气隙8的左侧与左侧相邻的第二磁铁4的右端不连通，第二磁铁4的左端与左侧相邻的隔磁气隙8的右端连通，隔磁气隙8关于第一磁铁对称，转子铁芯7压装在轴1上。
所述转子铁芯7的单个磁极中的两块第一磁铁3外侧的极性、第二磁铁4外侧的极性以及第三磁铁10外侧的极性均相同且为N极，相邻两个磁极中间部分的极性由对应相邻两个磁极中的第一磁铁3、第二磁铁4以及第三磁铁10的S极通过转子铁芯汇集形成隐形S极。
所述第二磁铁4的充磁方向厚度小于所述第一磁铁3的充磁方向厚度，所述第三磁铁10的充磁方向厚度小于所述第二磁铁4的充磁方向厚度。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机，由前端盖(2)、后端盖(9)、机壳(5)、混合励磁转子、定子(6)组成，其特征在于：混合励磁转子由带有碳刷滑环结构的电励磁转子和隐形永磁转子组成；
    隐形永磁转子包括轴(1)、转子铁芯(7)、隔磁气隙(8)，转子铁芯(7)上均布有偶数个磁极，每个磁极沿转子铁芯(7)圆周方向，每个磁极均由两块第一磁铁(3)、一块第二磁铁(4)和一块第三磁铁(10)组成，每个磁极对应转子外圆弧长的长度等于相邻两个磁极之间对应转子外圆弧长的长度，第一磁铁(3)和第二磁铁(4)均为矩形永磁钢，第三磁铁(10)为圆弧形磁铁，第一磁铁(3)沿转子铁芯(7)直径方向放置，第一磁铁(3)的外端与转子铁芯(7)外圆不相连，第二磁铁(4)沿平行于转子铁芯(7)横截面圆周弦方向设置在每个磁极中的两个第一磁铁(3)的中间，第二磁铁(4)在直径方向上位于对应每个磁极中的两块第一磁铁(3)的中下部，第二磁铁(4)在垂直于直径方向上的长度小于相邻两个第一磁铁(3)内端之间长度的2/3，第三磁铁(10)设置在相邻两个第一磁铁(3)的外端中间处，第三磁铁(10)的直径等于第二磁铁(4)在垂直于直径方向上的长度，在第一磁铁(3)的内端设置有贯穿转子铁芯(7)的隔磁气隙(8)，隔磁气隙(8)由第一磁铁(3)的内端处向第一磁铁(3)内端两侧处延伸，隔磁气隙(8)的中间外侧与第一磁铁(3)相连，隔磁气隙(8)的左侧延伸至左侧相邻第二磁铁(4)的右端，隔磁气隙(8)的左侧与左侧相邻的第二磁铁(4)的右端不连通，隔磁气隙(8)关于第一磁铁对称，转子铁芯(7)压装在轴(1)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机，其特征在于：所述转子铁芯(7)的单个磁极中的两块第一磁铁(3)外侧的极性、第二磁铁(4)外侧的极性以及第三磁铁(10)外侧的极性均相同且为N极，相邻两个磁极中间部分的极性由对应相邻两个磁极中的第一磁铁(3)、第二磁铁(4)以及第三磁铁(10)的S极通过转子铁芯汇集形成隐形S极。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机，其特征在于所述第二磁铁(4)的充磁方向厚度小于所述第一磁铁(3)的充磁方向厚度，所述第三磁铁(10)的充磁方向厚度小于所述第二磁铁(4)的充磁方向厚度。
PCT/CN2020/084842 2019-04-23 2020-04-15 电磁与隐形磁极混合励磁驱动电机 WO2020216108A1 (zh)

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