WO2020215527A1 - 一种提升可靠性的双接地安全系统 - Google Patents

一种提升可靠性的双接地安全系统 Download PDF

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WO2020215527A1
WO2020215527A1 PCT/CN2019/099195 CN2019099195W WO2020215527A1 WO 2020215527 A1 WO2020215527 A1 WO 2020215527A1 CN 2019099195 W CN2019099195 W CN 2019099195W WO 2020215527 A1 WO2020215527 A1 WO 2020215527A1
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grounding
power
series
closed
ground
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PCT/CN2019/099195
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吕奇华
吕兴华
吕建华
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吕奇华
颜予
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Publication of WO2020215527A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020215527A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/64Connections between or with conductive parts having primarily a non-electric function, e.g. frame, casing, rail

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  • the invention belongs to a grounding system that improves grounding reliability.
  • the traditional leakage protector can not only take the initiative To eliminate the hidden danger of electric leakage, it is necessary to passively de-energize when a personal electric shock occurs, which is dangerous, and due to its functional principle, the protection range of the leakage protector cannot cover all hidden dangers and there are blind areas for safety protection, such as when the entire grounding system is connected.
  • the civil lighting circuit is interrupted due to poor reliability of the installation process of the output terminal of the power supply or other reasons. In the case of asymmetrical three-phase load, it will cause the user's voltage to fluctuate, and it is easy to burn a large number of electrical appliances. This is also reported from time to time.
  • the third type of situation is that when the three-phase civil power is divided into three single-phase power, it is ensured that the neutral line of the three-phase power is reliably connected to the neutral line of each single-phase.
  • the present invention proposes to adopt the standard design of the double grounding system and perform real-time monitoring. Whenever a fault that is usually extremely difficult to detect in the grounding system occurs, even if the grounding of the electrical appliance has not failed, the system still actively cuts off the input power of the relevant control range circuit in advance, and automatically uses the method to force the electrical appliance to leave the power network to wait for the hidden danger to be eliminated. Call the police. Until the fault of the grounding system is eliminated and the power supply is restored to the normal original and reliable state, the power supply can be restored. In this way, good grounding of the electrical appliances can be ensured, electric shock accidents can be completely eliminated, and the personal safety of the users can be guaranteed.
  • the technical feature of the present invention is to use the conductive parts of all non-power circuits of all electrical appliances and other objects that need to be protected and grounded (such as bathroom floors, bathtubs, metal water pipes, etc.), as well as all safety grounding devices provided on the ground.
  • the lead points are changed from the traditional scheme of designing only one grounding point for each conductor that needs to be grounded, and replaced with two independent grounding points. And lead out the ground wire from the two ground points respectively.
  • the technical requirements for these two grounding wires are that, in addition to the grounded objects (or earth) connected through the two contacts, there are external electrical connections, and the non-electrically conductive parts connected through the two contacts of the electrical appliances and others.
  • the two grounding wire ends are electrically insulated and not connected to each other, and no other conductors such as wires are allowed to be directly connected.
  • the test current flows into one of the two grounding points and then flows out from the other grounding point, it must pass through the grounded conductors of the electrical appliances and other objects connected to the two points. Therefore, between the two grounding wires, as long as the test current can flow normally from one grounding wire to the other grounding wire, it is determined that the grounding wires of the two contacts are well connected to the conductors to be grounded.
  • the grounding wires from two separate places of each part that need to be grounded are connected in series and then inserted and separated by the plug.
  • the two grounding terminals in the power socket are closed and connected to the grounding series circuit of the electrical appliance.
  • the head and tail of the entire series circuit are respectively connected to two grounding devices independently inserted into the ground to form a closed series loop.
  • the real-time monitoring system is connected to the closed series loop to lead to the monitoring circulating current. This connection method ensures that the monitoring current will flow through all electrical appliances and other parts that need to be grounded and the earth under normal conditions.
  • a separate second grounding wire can be laid and an independent real-time monitoring system can be configured to avoid mutual influence with other units.
  • An isolating switch can also be installed at the entrance to remove the unit’s dual
  • the grounding outlet short-circuit is changed to a single-wire connection to the grounding general system to facilitate the failure of local units to be repaired separately.
  • the isolation switch is closed, the related local unit grounding system is a double grounding system with independent closed series loops. It can also be equipped with an independent real-time monitoring system, but this real-time monitoring system is only limited to ensuring that the local unit is connected to the ground.
  • the grounding system of the building is reliable.
  • the premise is that the grounding system of the entire building must be reliable, so that if the grounding system of the entire building is charged due to leakage of other people’s homes, even if the local unit power supply is cut off, it may still be Cause an electric shock accident.
  • the structure of the present invention limits that once the grounding system fails, even if the system still has the traditional grounding protection function, such as the double ground wire, if one of the double ground wires is still intact and has a protection function, no electricity is provided to the user. Instead, the grounding state of the entire system must be in place in accordance with the design plan and all safety measures are in place to continue to use electric energy. Logically, all possible dangers of electric shock caused by poor grounding are fully eliminated, and it is also very easy to find faulty parts and Must actively troubleshoot. Improve the reliability of the grounding system to ensure life safety.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of dual grounding scheme, 1. Real-time monitoring system. 2. Relay coil winding. 3. The relay controls the main contact of the power circuit. 4. Relay reset button. 5. Relay self-locking contacts. 6. Two grounding devices inserted into the ground independently of each other. 7. Indoor double grounding power socket. 8. The power cord pin socket on the power socket. 9. Two coaxial jacks with independent grounding terminals on the power socket. 10. Two independent grounding terminals on the power socket. 11. Building distribution box. 12. The entry box of each unit. 13. The indoor two-wire grounding system is connected in series to close the loop. 14. The wiring of the power system in the building. 15. Use the double grounding power plug of the electrical appliance. 16. Use electrical appliances. 17. All parts of the electrical appliance that need to be grounded. 18. Two independent grounding terminals of each component inside the electrical appliance and the shell. 19. The building's power supply cord enters the account. 20. Building. 29. A local double grounding series circuit isolating switch for finding and repairing faults in a certain unit.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a dual grounding system power socket.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the power plug of the dual grounding system. 26. The base of the power plug of the dual grounding system. 27. On the power plug of the dual grounding system, two coaxial plug barrels with mutually insulated and independent grounding ends. 28. Two power line pin access terminals.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the socket failure detector. 26.
  • the base of the power plug of the dual grounding system. 30. Connect the battery (or an external power supply) with two independent grounding terminals on the power plug and a series of sound and light (such as LED, liquid crystal display, buzzer, etc.) reporter.
  • a series of sound and light such as LED, liquid crystal display, buzzer, etc.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plug fault detector.
  • 21 The base of the power socket of the dual grounding system.
  • 31 Connect the battery (or external power supply) with two independent grounding terminals on the power socket and the acousto-optic (such as LED, liquid crystal display, buzzer, etc.) reporter connected in series.
  • the battery or external power supply
  • the acousto-optic such as LED, liquid crystal display, buzzer, etc.
  • the double grounding coaxial pin 27 on the plug connects the contact 23 of the grounding spring 24 of the coaxial jack on the socket to the other grounding rod 22 Separate and connect the series grounding circuit 18 inside the electrical appliance 16 into the grounding series loop of the power supply system. If there is a problem with the grounding in this closed series circuit, the power cannot be continued, the relay coil 2 loses power and the contacts 3 and 5 cannot be kept closed, and the contact 3 cuts off the power supply line 19 to stop the power supply.
  • each local isolation switch 29 is closed separately, and the power supply can be restored to normal when it is closed to the faulty part, so that the local range of the failure can be determined.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

一种提升用电可靠性的双接地安全系统,为避免因接地系统故障失效又有电器漏电导致事故,采用双接地闭合串联环路中串入实时监测电路以控制送电系统,一旦接地闭合串联环路系统产生断路故障有可能发生触电危险,就使实时监测电路失电导致立即自动切断供电,以停电的处理方式提示发生了不易察觉的安全故障且提醒必须主动排除安全故障。以避免万一再发生次级接地故障引起触电危害以确保用电者人身安全,改变了传统的触电保护器需以实际发生触电才能得到保护效果来达到脱电的被动保护方式以及其存在保护盲区的缺陷。

Description

一种提升可靠性的双接地安全系统 所属技术领域
本发明属于一种提升接地可靠性的接地系统。
背景技术
电气在人类社会的应用越来越广泛,与此同时用电安全也越来越重要。人们为了确保用电人的生命安全,对于用电器电气线路以外的可导电部位传统上都简单地采用单线接地的方法来防备人体触电的可能。但是由于接地系统发生故障失效尤其是接地故障通常不易为人觉察,走电伤亡事故至今仍屡有发生。特别要指出的是,现行的单线接地安全系统在这方面还无法杜绝这类安全隐患以彻底排除人体触电的可能。现在有些家电产品干脆取消了作为安全保障的接地线配置,完全依赖于漏电保护器的保护功能。可是姑且不论万一漏电保护器产生故障而失去安全保护功能而这时人操作的电器再发生漏电故障,就极易造成触电惨剧的可能,并且在另一方面,传统的漏电保护器不但不能主动消除漏电隐患,得靠发生人身触电时才能被动脱电,带有一定危险性,而且由其功能原理,漏电保护器的保护范围不能全部覆盖隐患而存在安全保护的盲区,比如当整个接地系统接入大地不良,而整幢建筑中有好多单元虽有电器漏电或电容性感应漏电等,而漏电量没能达到使各自触电保护器动作的程度,但汇集起来这总接地系统却因为脱地反而带上了足以致命的电而为大众所不知!现所发生的而导致洗浴时漏电伤亡事故就充分揭示了这类安全隐患的存在,而人们通常对这漏电保护器却是盲目乐观依赖的心态更提升了用电不安全的风险。对此类状况曾有位将军说过,降落伞的合格率99.99%也不允许而必须是100%,因为生命无价!
另外,按照用电规范,有些临时的低压输电线路是严禁采用一线一地制的。这是因为万一接地线产生故障,极易发生触电事故。
民用照明电路有因电源中线输出端的安装工艺可靠性差或别的什么原因中断,在三相负荷很不对称的情况下,会导致用户电压飘忽,容易随即发生烧毁大批电器的事故。这也时有报道。
发明目的内容
一类情况是,为确保所有用电器以及外部设施(如金属水管、浴缸之类)配有可靠的,能保障人身安全的接地系统,另外一类情况是,为确保一线一地输电线路的接地线安全运行。(这里并不讨论跨步电压的问题。)第三类情况是,三相民用电分成三路单相电时,确保三相电的中性线到各单相的中线连接可靠不脱离。
为了避免因为接地系统发生故障失效而引发触电事故的发生,组合传统的漏电保护器,本发明提出采用双接地系统规范设计,并加以实时监控。使每遇到接地系统发生通常是极难察觉的故障时,即使电器的接地还未失效,系统仍然提前主动切断相关控制范围电路的输入电源,用强制用电器脱离电力网以等待排除隐患的方式自动报警。直到排除接地系统的故障,还原到正常原始的可靠状态后才能再恢复送电,这样便可确保用电器的良好接地,彻底杜绝触电事故的发生,以保证用电者的人身安全。
技术方案
本发明的技术特征是采用对所有用电器的各非涉电力线路的可导电部位及其它需保护接地的物体(如浴室地板,浴缸,金属水管等),还有大地所设置的所有安全接地的引线点,都改变原来按传统常规对每个需接地导体只设计一个接地点的方案,而换成设置为两个互相独立的接地点。并且从两接地点分别引出接地线。对于这两根接地线的技术要求是,除通过该两接点连接的需接地物体(或大地)有外接电气连接以及经过用电器这两接点所连接的各非涉用电的可导电部位及其它需保护接地的导电物体以外,在这双接地线端之间互相电气绝缘不连通,而绝不允许另行有导线之类的导体直接相连。也就是说,当测试电流流入两接地点之一,再从另一接地点流出时,必然经过这两接点所连接的用电器及其它物体的需接地导体。因而在这两接地线间,只要从其中一根接地线到另一根接地线能正常流过测试电流,那就确定了该两接点的接地线与所需接地的导体连接都良好。这些需要接地的每个部位的两个独立地方引出的接地线都串联后由插头插入并分开在没有插入插头时电源插座里两个接地端闭合的电路连接以串入用电器的接地串联线路,所有插座的两个接地端串联后整个串联电路的头尾分别连接到两个互相独立地插入大地的接地装置上 构成闭合串联环路。闭合串联环路中串入实时监测系统通入监测环流,这连接方式保证了正常时监测电流将流经所有用电器及其它需要接地的每个部位及大地。一旦接地闭合串联环路系统产生脱开断路故障导致实时监测电路失电,说明了有电器或线路的接地系统产生连接故障不再绝对安全可靠,即使电器的接地还未完全失效,实时监测系统仍立即主动地自动跳闸切断电力网供电。以避免万一再产生次级接地故障引起触电危害,必须进行维修,直到故障彻底排除,接地系统复原初始状态后才能恢复用电,以确保用电者100%的人身安全。
对于局部单元的接地系统,可以另行铺设单独的第二接地线并配置独立的实时监测系统以避免跟其他单元互相影响,也可以在入户处设置隔离开关以在有检修需要时把单元的双接地出口短路改成单线接入接地总系统便于分别检修局部单元的故障。而在闭合隔离开关时,相关局部单元接地系统就是各自独立的闭合串联环路的双接地系统,同样能够配置独立的实时监测系统,不过这实时监测系统只限于保证本局部单元的接地接入整幢建筑的接地系统是可靠的,因此前提是整幢建筑的接地系统必须可靠,免得万一别人家漏电,导致整幢建筑的接地系统带电时,即使本局部单元电源被切断了,仍可能会引发触电事故。
用于检测故障只需用最简单的通表检测。使用插头插座加上声光指示就行。
有益效果
本发明的结构限定了一旦接地系统发生了故障,即使系统仍还具有传统的接地保障功能如双地线其中之一仍完好无损具有保障作用时也不再给用户用电。而是必须整个系统的接地状态按照设计方案一切安全措施全部完好到位才能继续使用电能,从逻辑上充分排除了因为接地不良而产生的各种触电可能的危险,且也非常容易查出故障部位而且必须主动排除故障。提升了接地系统可靠性以达到确保生命安全。
在电工的技术规范中明确规定了在常用的送电架设如农村临时架设打谷场所需要放线时必须使用双线线路而绝不允许采用一线一地制。如果采用本接地系统技术方案,应能很安全地采用一线一地制送电了。遇到地震泥石流之类引起房屋倒塌等的意外不测也可起到一定的走电保护功能。
鉴于对用电安全的提升功效,本方案应该成为国际电工委员会制定的国际电工标准中相关方面的升级版本。
附图说明
附图1双接地方案原理图中,1.实时监测系统。2.继电器线圈绕组。3.继电器控制电力线路的主触头。4.继电器复位按钮。5.继电器自锁触头。6.两个互相独立地插入大地的接地装置。7.户内双接地电源插座。8.电源插座上电力线插脚插口。9.电源插座上两互相独立接地端的同轴插孔。10.电源插座上两互相独立接地端的接线端。11.大楼配电箱。12.各单元户的进户线盒。13.户内双线接地系统串联闭合环路。14.大楼内电力系统线路布线。15.用电器的双接地电源插头。16.用电器。17.用电器内部需要接地的各个部件。18.用电器内部各个部件及外壳的各自独立的两个接地端。19.大楼供电电源线进户口。20.大楼。29.某单元户查找、维修故障用的局部双接地串联电路隔离开关。
附图2是双接地系统电源插座的内部结构示意图。21.双接地系统电源插座底座。22.双接地端之一的芯柱。23.两接地端的闭合触点。24.另一接地端的弹性导电金属片。25.两电力线插脚插入端。
附图3是双接地系统电源插头的内部结构示意图。26.双接地系统电源插头的底座。27.双接地系统电源插头上两内外互相绝缘独立接地端的同轴插筒。28.两电力线插脚接入端。
附图4是插座故障检测器结构示意图。26.双接地系统电源插头的底座。30.接入电源插头上两独立接地端的电池(或外接电源)及串接的声光(如LED、液晶显示器、蜂鸣器等)报告器。
附图5是插头故障检测器结构示意图。21.双接地系统电源插座的底座。31.接入电源插座上两独立接地端的电池(或外接电源)及串接的声光(如LED、液晶显示器、蜂鸣器等)报告器。
实施方案
当把用电器16的插头15挿入电力系统的插座7的时候,插头上的双接地同轴挿脚27就把插座上同轴挿孔的接地簧片24的触点23跟另一接地杆22分开并且把用电器16内部的串联接地线路18连入了供电系统的接地串联回路中。如果这个闭合串联回路中的什么地方接地出了问题无法继续通电了,继电器线圈2失电不能让触点3及触点5继续保持闭合状态,触点3就把供电电源线19切断停止继续供电,要直到闭合接地回路的断路故障被排除恢复闭合状态,才能按下复位按钮4,使继电器线圈2由于接地系统 保持了闭合而得电后其触点3闭合恢复送电。同时继电器的自锁触点5闭合以保持继电器线圈2得电状态。为检查局部单位的故障点,把各个局部的隔离开关29分别闭合,在闭合到故障局部时供电可以恢复正常,这样就可以确定发生故障的局部范围了。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种提升可靠性的双接地安全系统,本发明所述的双接地安全系统的技术特征是对整幢建筑中所有通过电源插头或者直接接入电力网的用电器以及别的有关必须接地的物体在需要接地的每个部位都从两个独立的地方引出接地线,所述所有用电器所有接地部位的两接地端都串联后接在各自电源插头的两个独立接地端,由所述所有用电器插头插入电力网的电源插座里时分断开在没有插入插头时各自对应插座里闭合的两个串联入电力网的接地系统接地端之间的电路连接,并由用电器插头的两个接地端分别接上插座里的两个接地端串联入电力网的接地系统,所述电力网接地系统的构成为所有插座的两个接地端串联后这串联电路的头尾分别连接到两个互相独立地插入大地的接地装置上形成闭合串联环路接地系统,或者所述用电器中某几个不用插头插座连接而需固定接地的用电器或其它有关必须接地的物体所有接地部位各两独立接地端串联后直接串入所述接地系统的闭合串联接地环路,所述闭合串联接地环路中串入实时监测,由闭合串联接地环路的正常闭合状态通过实时监测控制送电系统保证合闸送电,一旦闭合串联接地环路开路使监测控制系统失电就立即跳闸切断电力网供电;所述供电监测的电源对闭合串联接地环路可采用微电流自锁脉冲供电并同步监测;所述整幢建筑中各个部分单位的局部串联接地电路两接入整体接地系统的闭合环路端处并联隔离开关,所述隔离开关以闭合方式从所述闭合串联接地环路里隔离出该局部双接地电路;检测故障可使用简单通表。
  2. 由权利要求1所述的带双接地端配对的插头插座,其技术特征为插座上的两接地端附有带闭合触点的弹性导电金属片,在插入插头时所述插座上闭合的弹性导电片触点被分离而串入插头的两接地端,或者所述插座上两接地端连接设在插座上的微动开关,在插入插头时连带所述微动开关的状态由闭合转为分断以将插头的两接地端串入,取代原先插座上两接地端闭合的电路连接。
  3. 由权利要求1所述的双接地安全系统应用于一线一地送电系统,其技术特征为电力相线及取所述双接地安全系统的一根接地线作为电力中线通过受所述监测系统控制的接触器常开触点为电源进线连接到用电设备上,在产生接地故障时接触器失电跳闸使用电设备脱离电源;所述监测系统监测的电流采用中频电流以分隔工频电力供电进行监测。
  4. 由权利要求1所述的用于检测故障的简单通表,其技术特征为使用带双接地端的插头插座,在两接地端接入带电源的声光指示。
PCT/CN2019/099195 2019-04-24 2019-08-05 一种提升可靠性的双接地安全系统 WO2020215527A1 (zh)

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