WO2020213091A1 - Dispositif de brûleur et dispositif de combustion - Google Patents

Dispositif de brûleur et dispositif de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020213091A1
WO2020213091A1 PCT/JP2019/016494 JP2019016494W WO2020213091A1 WO 2020213091 A1 WO2020213091 A1 WO 2020213091A1 JP 2019016494 W JP2019016494 W JP 2019016494W WO 2020213091 A1 WO2020213091 A1 WO 2020213091A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion
burner
fuel
powder
biomass
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Application number
PCT/JP2019/016494
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
光識 平本
坂井　正康
淳 渡部
崇 三谷
Original Assignee
バイオマスエナジー株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by バイオマスエナジー株式会社 filed Critical バイオマスエナジー株式会社
Priority to SG11202011727RA priority Critical patent/SG11202011727RA/en
Priority to CN201980039556.2A priority patent/CN112469943B/zh
Priority to EP19924652.1A priority patent/EP3971474A4/fr
Priority to JP2020543113A priority patent/JP6937061B2/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2019/016494 priority patent/WO2020213091A1/fr
Publication of WO2020213091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020213091A1/fr
Priority to PH12020552128A priority patent/PH12020552128A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/003—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/30—Cyclonic combustion furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2700/00—Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
    • F23J2700/002—Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces

Definitions

  • This application relates to a burner device and a combustion device that use biomass powder such as herbaceous plants, woody plants, and food waste as fuel.
  • the present application discloses a powder burner device that can be used as an industrial fuel even for coarsely pulverized biomass powder, and further discloses a combustion furnace capable of stable and highly efficient operation control using the burner device. ..
  • the biomass powder burning device of the present application includes herbs such as rice straw, straw, paddy husks, and good wood, and wood such as thinned wood, wood waste, construction waste, bark, and pruned branches, as well as coffee slag and waste fungus bed.
  • the combustion device of the present application can be used not only as a heat source device and a power plant, but also as an alternative device for an existing oil / gas fuel combustor or the like.
  • a type that discharges fuel and air from a fuel discharge port and ignites and holds a flame in the vicinity of the discharge port is called a burner device, and is like an incinerator that uses the entire combustion furnace to maintain combustion.
  • a device that only burns fuel in the furnace and does not form a flame near the fuel outlet is not called a burner device.
  • powder burner method One of the best methods for industrial use of powder fuel is the powder burner method. Almost 100% of the powder burner method is used in large commercial coal-fired boilers. The most important point of the powder burner method is that it can ignite and retain flame at the fuel outlet. Therefore, in a powder burner device using coal as fuel, ultrafine pulverized coal of 75 ⁇ m or less is generally used. On the other hand, biomass is often fibrous and requires a large amount of crushing power to be finely crushed. In some cases, it may consume more power than the amount of heat of the raw material, which increases the cost and is used for industrial purposes. It cannot be used as fuel.
  • the mainstream of combustion devices that use chip-shaped or powder-shaped biomass as fuel is a stoker-type combustion device that uses a grate of a moving bed or a fixed bed.
  • biomass processed into chips, pellets, etc. is used.
  • the stoker type is widely used in incinerators, but it is difficult to control the combustion amount and combustion temperature to use it as an industrial heat source, and it is not used as an industrial heat source device.
  • the amount of fuel that can be burned is proportional to the area of the grate.
  • the combustion gas temperature at the outlet of the combustion furnace is limited to 800 to 900 ° C., and cannot cope with a high temperature heat source exceeding 1000 ° C.
  • the amount of air in OFA is usually 30 to 40% of the total amount of air blown into the combustion device, but it is necessary to increase OFA in order to sufficiently mix it with the combustion gas, which lowers the combustion temperature. Combustion is hindered.
  • the combustion of the grate is affected by the stacking condition of fuel chips, the combustion condition tends to fluctuate with time, and it is difficult to use it as an industrial heat source.
  • Dioxin is a chemical bond of chlorine gas and hydrocarbon, and is highly toxic, and even a small amount of emission is not allowed.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which solid biomass is finely pulverized to an average particle size of 300 ⁇ m or less and used as a general fuel.
  • fine pulverization the handling of biomass is improved, and the ignitability and combustibility are improved, so that it can be used as a fuel for a combustion device.
  • the power and energy required for pulverization increase in proportion to the surface area of the powder after pulverization, and the power required for pulverization with an average particle size of 300 ⁇ m or less is general medium to coarse pulverization.
  • the cost is tens to hundreds of times higher than that of the case, and in some cases, the power exceeds the calorific value of the raw material, making it difficult to establish as an industrial fuel.
  • Rice husks which are generated as a huge agricultural by-product, as biomass fuel every year.
  • Rice husks are produced at 1.7 million tons per year in Japan alone, which is equivalent to 500,000 tons of oil equivalent and is a valuable resource as a renewable energy source.
  • rice husks are difficult to ignite, easily emit smoke, and are flame-retardant fuels, so they are difficult to use.
  • the rice husk has a size equivalent to coarse crushing of about 10 mm, a method of compression molding and using it as pellets or a method of using it as Oga charcoal has been put into practical use, but it is manufactured as an industrial heat source fuel. There is a drawback that the cost is too high.
  • Patent Document 1 is a technique for improving flammability by finely pulverizing solid biomass
  • Patent Document 2 is a medium to coarse crush (several hundred microns to several centimeters) that can be produced at low cost. It discloses a combustion device that uses biomass powder as fuel. Oga powder and paddy shell powder are mainly used as the fuel biomass powder. A combustion chamber is provided at the bottom of the system, and the fuel and combustion air of the powder are blown into the combustion chamber to burn the cyclone with a swirling flow of air. This is a system that sends combustion gas to the secondary combustion chamber, heats the water cooling pipe that constitutes the peripheral wall of the secondary combustion chamber, and discharges the exhaust gas to the outside of the system.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a powder fuel combustion burner that uses powdery biomass as a fuel.
  • the tip of the fuel supply pipe of this device does not have an ignition function as a burner, and is merely a combustion furnace of a horizontally placed cylindrical tube, and is not a burner device as referred to in the present application.
  • the ignition means provided at the inlet of the device has a problem in terms of cost in that an energy source other than biomass such as gas, liquid fuel, and electric spark is always used during operation.
  • Patent Document 4 has a function as a biomass powder burner, it has drawbacks such as 1) to 5) below.
  • 1) The flame holding function when flame-retardant powder such as rice husk is used as fuel is not sufficient.
  • flame-retardant powder it is difficult to adjust the amount of primary air for stable ignition.
  • the particle size of the powder is assumed to be medium crushing (3 mm or less), and stable ignition and flame retention are difficult if coarsely crushed powder particles of several cm class enter. 4)
  • herbaceous biomass having a high ash content of 5 to 20% is used as fuel, there is a problem in ignition and flame retention.
  • Herbaceous plants, including weeds have a high content of low melting point ash and cannot prevent clinker.
  • biomass fuel is expected as a renewable energy, its use is limited to a narrow range. It can be said that only wood-based white wood chips are generally used as industrial fuel. This is because Shiraki is a high-quality fuel with very little ash, chlorine, nitrogen, etc. that interfere with combustion. For example, most of the biomass, which has problems such as flame retardancy such as bark, pruned branches, rice husks, food waste, good luck, and weeds, and high ash content and low calorific value, is incinerated.
  • biomass are also valuable renewable energy raw materials, and if they can be used as industrial fuels, not only can low-cost heat sources be obtained, but also incineration costs can be reduced at the same time.
  • combustion device that uses combustion gas as a heat source for industrial purposes, it is necessary to have the same level of controllability as a combustion device for oil and gas fuel, in addition to having low pollution. For example, it is required that the amount of combustion, the temperature of exhaust gas burned, the properties of exhaust gas, etc. can be controlled in a short time (in minutes).
  • the best method for using solid fuel for industrial purposes is the powder burner method, and almost 100% of large commercial coal-fired boilers are the powder burner method.
  • the powder burner method since it is necessary for the powder fuel to be able to ignite and retain flame at the fuel outlet, ultrafine pulverized coal of 75 ⁇ m or less is used.
  • many biomass raw materials are generally fibrous, and when ultrafinely pulverized, the pulverization power exceeds the calorific value of the product powder, and the price cannot be established for industrial use.
  • the goal of the present application is to complete a biomass powder combustion device that can be used as an industrial fuel for a wide variety of solid biomass without incurring excessive crushing costs as a practical machine.
  • the combustion apparatus of the present application has a configuration in which a powder burner apparatus and a combustion furnace are connected, and all or part of the following requirements (1) to (8) are satisfied.
  • the load (combustion amount) can be changed (controlled) in a short time (minutes).
  • the combustion gas temperature at the outlet of the combustion furnace can be controlled according to the load change. (4) Do not cause clinker trouble even when using fuel with low melting point ash.
  • Combustion ash can be discharged to the outside of the system without any problem even if the fuel has a high ash content.
  • the size (capacity) of the combustion device is more compact than that of the chip combustion device.
  • Combustion exhaust gas can be suppressed below the regulation standard value.
  • Dioxins can be suppressed below the regulation standard value even if the fuel contains chlorine.
  • ⁇ Structure 1> Burner tube and A fuel supply device that supplies biomass powder to the burner pipe, It has a primary air supply pipe connected to the side wall of the burner pipe. The biomass powder supplied from the fuel supply device falls while swirling in the burner pipe by the primary air from the primary air supply pipe, and is discharged from the fuel discharge port at the lower end of the burner pipe. And A powder burner device characterized in that a heat insulating wall having a cone-shaped inner wall is provided below the fuel discharge port.
  • ⁇ Structure 3> The burner device according to the configuration 1 or 2, wherein the biomass powder has a maximum particle size of 30 mm or less and contains 10% by weight or more of the biomass powder having a particle size of 0.5 mm or less.
  • ⁇ Structure 4> The item according to any one of configurations 1 to 3, further comprising a primary air control means for controlling the temperature and supply amount of the primary air so that the temperature of the cone-shaped inner wall becomes 900 ° C. or higher.
  • ⁇ Structure 6> The combustion furnace After the primary combustion zone on the wake side of the fuel supply port, the secondary combustion zone located on the wake side of the primary combustion zone, and the secondary combustion zone where secondary air is blown to perform main combustion, and the secondary combustion zone. Located at the bottom of the furnace on the flow side, a tertiary combustion zone that blows tertiary air to burn unburned components, The combustion apparatus according to configuration 5, further comprising a secondary air control means and a tertiary air control means for controlling the supply amounts of the secondary air and the tertiary air.
  • ⁇ Structure 7> A cooling means for cooling the bottom surface of the combustion furnace and The combustion device of configuration 5 or 6, further comprising an ash removal device for discharging the combustion ash accumulated on the bottom surface of the furnace to the outside of the system.
  • a method of dropping the biomass powder into the fuel discharge port in the burner pipe and discharging the biomass powder and a method of swirling the biomass powder in the burner pipe are used in combination, and below the fuel discharge port.
  • the temperature of the cone-shaped inner wall can be controlled by the amount of primary air supplied and the temperature.
  • a wide area of the inner wall can be heated to a high temperature (for example, 900 ° C. or higher). Due to this effect, the ignition and flame retention properties of the biomass powder can be improved, the required inner wall area can be reduced, the distance from the inner wall surface to the fuel discharge port can be shortened, and the combustion furnace can be manufactured compactly and at low cost. ..
  • the burner device can ignite and retain flame without using an auxiliary combustion (gas, liquid fuel).
  • the combustion device since the burner method is the best combustion method for use as an industrial heat source, the combustion device has a configuration in which a combustion furnace is directly connected to the lower part of the burner device.
  • the powder burner method By using the powder burner method, it is possible to easily control the combustion amount, combustion furnace outlet temperature (purpose utilization temperature), and exhaust gas properties (pollution-free), and the control time can be as short as possible (in minutes). Is.
  • biomass powder fuel herbs, woody plants, agricultural by-products, food residues, etc.
  • flame-retardant biomass such as rice husks, biomass with high ash content and low melting point ash such as weeds can be used, and biomass with high water content (about 30% by weight) can also be used.
  • the powder particle size is generally classified into coarse crushing (up to several cm), medium crushing (several 100 ⁇ to several mm), fine pulverization (several tens ⁇ to several 100 ⁇ ), and ultrafine pulverization (up to several tens of ⁇ ). There is.
  • the particle size in the present application is a value based on the mesh opening standard. The particle size is measured according to "JIS Z8815 sieving test method general rules". Since the powder having a high water content causes agglomeration, it was dried to about 10% and measured in a smooth state.
  • the supply amount of primary air needs to be less than the theoretical air amount (theoretical chemical equivalent) of the biomass powder.
  • the theoretical amount of air in the biomass powder is 5 to 6 (kg of air / kg of fuel) by weight of the biomass fuel (drying standard). In normal combustion, the amount of combustion air used is 1.5 to 2.5 times the theoretical amount of air.
  • the fuel supply device preferably supplies the biomass powder to the burner pipe using transport air having a weight of 2 to 4 times (40 to 60% of the theoretical air volume) of the biomass powder, and at this concentration. , Stable ignition at the outlet of the burner pipe can be easily obtained, and the amount of combustion can be changed in a short time (in minutes).
  • the combustion furnace has a secondary combustion zone on the wake side of the primary combustion zone with primary air for main combustion by blowing secondary air, and a large particle size by blowing tertiary air on the bottom of the furnace on the wake side. Having a tertiary combustion zone for burning fallen unburned components that are likely to occur when powder or high ash fuel is used, and secondary air control means and tertiary air control means for controlling the supply amount of secondary air and tertiary air. Is preferable. By controlling the supply amount of secondary and tertiary air, it is possible to control the combustion exhaust gas temperature, exhaust gas properties, etc. in a short time (in minutes) and / or to clear the exhaust gas regulation standard.
  • the combustion exhaust gas can be suppressed to the regulation standard value or less with almost no unburned gas (particularly hydrocarbon) left.
  • the residence time at a combustion temperature of 800 ° C or higher is set to 2 seconds or longer, so even if dioxin is generated, it can be decomposed by the time it is discharged from the combustion furnace, and it is carbonized in the combustion exhaust gas. Since the unburned content of hydrogen is close to zero, the de novo reaction does not occur. Therefore, dioxin can be suppressed below the exhaust gas regulation standard value.
  • a cooling means for cooling the furnace bottom is provided.
  • the combustion ash is adhered to the furnace wall of the combustion furnace in a molten or softened state, lowered to the bottom of the furnace, and solidified or solidified at the bottom of the furnace.
  • the solidified or solidified combustion ash is discharged to the outside of the system with a pusher. This makes it possible to prevent clinker (solidified ash) sticking trouble.
  • the furnace wall of the combustion furnace should have a softening point temperature (for example, 600 ° C.), and the temperature of the bottom of the furnace should be equal to or lower than the softening point temperature.
  • low melting point ash fuel can also be used as industrial fuel.
  • the whole view of the biomass powder combustion apparatus 40 of 1 Embodiment of this invention is shown.
  • the powder burner device 10 is shown.
  • (A) is a schematic view seen from the side
  • (B) is a schematic view seen from above.
  • the powder fuel supply device 30 is shown.
  • An example of the arrangement of the cone-shaped inner wall 17a, the fuel discharge port 13, and the flame holding plate 13a is shown.
  • the ashing apparatus of the combustion furnace 20 is shown.
  • the particle size distribution of the test biomass powders F1 to F3 used in the experiment with the demonstration experiment device is shown.
  • the stable ignition area of Sugi powder F1 is shown.
  • the stable ignition area of the rice husk powder F2 is shown.
  • the stable ignition area of the weed / pruned branch powder F3 is shown.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the combustion device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the combustion device 40 has a burner device 10 and a combustion furnace 20 directly connected to the lower part of the burner device 10.
  • Biomass powder F is supplied to the burner device 10 from the fuel supply device 30.
  • FIG. 2 shows the burner device 10.
  • the burner device 10 includes a fuel supply pipe 11 connected to the fuel supply device 30, a burner pipe 12 having a fuel discharge port 13 formed at the lower end thereof, and a primary air supply pipe 14 connected to the side wall of the burner pipe 12.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary fuel supply device 30.
  • the fuel supply device 30 includes a fuel transport pipe 31, a hopper 32, and a screw feeder 34 driven by a motor 33.
  • Biomass powder F is transported from the fuel transport tube 31 by the transport air A 0 in the hopper 32, and temporarily stored in the hopper 32 is sent to the fuel supply pipe 11 at a constant rate by the screw off Ida 34.
  • Biomass powder F supplied from the fuel supply pipe 11 located on the top of the burner tube 12 is directed to a fuel discharge port 13 while rotating at the burner tube within 12 by the primary air A 1 from the primary air supply pipe 14 And falls, and is discharged downward from the fuel discharge port 13.
  • the concentration of the biomass powder F near the outer edge of the fuel discharge port 13 can be increased. Can be raised.
  • Powder burner device 10 may have a primary air control means 14a for controlling the supply amount A 1 and the temperature T 1 of the primary air.
  • the primary air control means 14a may include a control valve.
  • the heat insulating wall 17 has a cone-shaped inner wall 17a.
  • the cone-shaped inner wall 17a is located below the burner tube 12.
  • the cone-shaped inner wall 17a has a cone shape (a shape in which the inner diameter increases toward the bottom).
  • the cone shape is, for example, a truncated cone shape. Other shapes such as a polygonal pyramid shape may be used.
  • the cross-sectional area expansion may be linear, curvilinear, or gradual.
  • the wide solid angle of the cone shape plays an important role in ignition and flame retention of biomass powder.
  • the ignition combustion zone ZZ and the primary combustion zone Z 1 of the powder burner surrounded by a cone-shaped inner wall 17a to heat the heat insulating wall and radiating radiant heat.
  • the spread three-dimensional angle of the cone shape affects the spread of the flame and the heat receiving distribution of the radiant heat of the cone-shaped inner wall 17a.
  • the spread solid angle is preferably 4.5 sr (steradian) or less, more preferably 4 sr or less, and particularly preferably 3.5 sr or less.
  • the spread solid angle is preferably 1.5 sr or more, more preferably 2 sr or more, and particularly preferably 2.5 sr or more.
  • the entire inner wall of the heat insulating wall 17 may be a cone-shaped inner wall 17a having a wide solid angle in the above numerical range, and as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, only a part of the height ranges H1 and H2 have the above numerical values.
  • the widened solid angle of the range may be a cone-shaped inner wall 17a (that is, the widened solid angle may include an inner wall portion 17b outside the above numerical range).
  • the widened solid angle in the present application refers to an average solid angle.
  • the average solid angle can be defined by a straight line connecting the lower end and the upper end of the cone-shaped inner wall 17a as shown by the broken lines in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) (the area of the upper base and the lower base and the area from the upper bottom to the lower side). It can be defined geometrically by the distance to the bottom etc.).
  • the surface temperature (temperature of the cone-shaped inner wall 17a) Tw of the heat insulating wall is preferably 850 ° C. or higher, more preferably 900 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 950 ° C. or higher.
  • Temperature Tw can be controlled by supply amount A 1 and the temperature T 1 of the primary air. For example, when the temperature Tw is lower than the specified temperature, raising the temperature Tw by elevated primary air supply amount A 1 of decreasing the primary air temperature T 1. If it is necessary to lower the temperature Tw for clinker avoidance performs the reverse operation (primary decrease in air supply amount A 1 of increasing the primary air temperature T 1).
  • a burner device 10 capable of stably holding flames by using coarsely pulverized and / or high water content biomass powder as fuel has been realized.
  • the powder burner device 10 manufactured by our company by setting the cone spreading solid angle to ⁇ sr ( ⁇ steradian), it is possible to maintain a wide part of the cone-shaped inner wall 17a at an appropriate high temperature (for example, 900 ° C. or higher). It was confirmed that. As a result, sufficient radiant heat can be supplied to a wide range near the ignition zone ZZ and the combustion zone Z 1 , and the ignition / flame retention property of the biomass powder is remarkably improved.
  • biomass powder coarsely pulverized to 30 mm or less and having a particle size of 0.5 mm or less Biomass powder containing 10% by weight of the body. Coarse pulverization to 20 mm or less is more preferable, and coarse pulverization to 10 mm or less is further preferable.
  • coarse pulverization to 10 mm or less Can be stably ignited and retained. Since coarsely crushed biomass powder can be used, the cost required for crushing can be significantly reduced. In the burner device 10, even high water content biomass powder up to about 30% can be used.
  • the flame holding plate 13a may be arranged near the outer edge of the fuel discharge port 13.
  • the flame holding plate 13a has, for example, an annular shape concentric with the fuel discharge port 13.
  • the fuel discharge port 13 and the flame holding plate 13a may be arranged at the same height as the upper end of the cone-shaped inner wall 17a as shown in FIG. 2, and the cone-shaped inner wall 13a may be arranged at the same height as those shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C. It may be arranged above or below the upper end of 17a.
  • the flame holding plate 13a may be arranged at the same height as the fuel discharge port 13, but may be arranged at different heights as shown in FIGS. 4D and 4E. However, if it is arranged below the fuel discharge port 13 (FIG. 4 (e)), a burner pipe 12 having high heat resistance is required, which is not preferable.
  • An ignition torch 15 for igniting the ignition zone ZZ near the fuel discharge port 13 may be arranged. Biomass powder F discharged from the fuel discharge port 13 is ignited by the ignition torch 15, it burned in the ignition zone ZZ and the primary combustion zone Z 1. Therefore, the burner device 10 can be used as a burner in which a flame is discharged downward from the fuel discharge port 13.
  • the ignition torch 15 is required only at the time of ignition, and does not need to be used during steady operation in which ignition and flame retention are stable. Generally, high-quality and expensive fuels such as methane gas, propane gas, and kerosene are used for the ignition torch. Therefore, in the combustion device 40 for which low-cost operation is a major goal, it is preferable to use the ignition torch 15 only at the start. .. (Note: Ignition torch: An ignition source for stable main combustion and a compact small burner independent of the main combustion system.)
  • the combustion furnace 20 has a secondary combustion zone Z 2 and a tertiary combustion zone Z 3 .
  • the secondary combustion zone Z 2 is located on the wake side of the primary combustion zone Z 1 and is a zone in which the biomass powder F is mainly burned by the secondary air A 2 from the secondary air nozzle 22.
  • Tertiary combustion zone Z 3 has a purpose that is located in the secondary combustion zone downstream of the furnace bottom after Z 2, to complete combustion of unburned residue in the tertiary air A 3 from the tertiary air nozzles 23 Zone Z 3
  • the combustion exhaust gas G after combustion is discharged from the combustion furnace outlet 24.
  • the amount of combustion and the temperature Tg of the flue gas G can be controlled in a short time (in minutes).
  • the combustion amount is controlled by the supply amount of the biomass powder F, and the residence time of the combustion gas in the combustion furnace 20 is several seconds, so that an instantaneous response is possible.
  • the temperature Tg of the combustion gas at the outlet 24 of the combustion furnace is determined by [supply amount of powder fuel (kg / h) / total air amount (A 0 + A 1 + A 2 + A 3 ) (kg / h)]. Since A 0 and A 1 are determined mainly for stabilizing ignition and flame retention in the ignition zone ZZ, the temperature Tg of the combustion gas should be controlled by A 2 and A 3 .
  • the biomass powder can be a powder having a particle size of 10 mm class, a powder having a high water content of 30%, a flame-retardant powder having a high ash content of 20%, etc.
  • the primary / secondary combustion zone Z 1 -Z 2 can produce unburned material. Therefore, the purpose is to complete combustion of unburned in the furnace bottom, the application of the combustion device 40, FIG. 1, the tertiary combustion in the tertiary combustion zone Z 3 by the third air A 3 shown in FIG. 5 performs.
  • the remaining ash content H is discharged to the ash reservoir 26 by the ash removal device (ash removal pusher) 25 operated by the drive motor 27, depending on the accumulation state.
  • a cooling means such as a coolant supply pipe 28. If the combustion ash of the biomass powder F is a low melting point, that the occurrence of clinker due to melting of the ash can be considered, in a low melting ash to control the distribution of air supply amount A 1 ⁇ A 2 ⁇ A 3 , Gray Creates a high temperature atmosphere above the melting point and prevents combustion ash from solidifying and accumulating on the furnace wall. The combustion ash falls to the bottom of the furnace in a molten or softened state, and solidifies or solidifies on the cooled bottom of the furnace. The incineration ash, clinker, etc. accumulated on the bottom of the furnace are discharged to the outside of the system in a timely manner by the ash removal device (pusher device, etc.) 25.
  • the ash removal device pushher device, etc.
  • a demonstration experiment device having the same configuration as the combustion device 40 of FIG. 1 was manufactured at a combustion rate of 70 kg / h, and a combustion experiment was carried out.
  • the dimensions of the combustion furnace 20 is the height 2.3 m, the furnace cross-section upper diameter 0.56 m ⁇ bottom diameter 0.75 m, volume 0.81 m 3, the furnace load 380,000kcal / m 3 h. This is 9.5 times the furnace load (40,000 kcal / m 3 h) in the stoker type combustion device (conventional updraft stoker type combustion device) described in the section of the prior art.
  • the volume of the combustion device 40 of the present embodiment can be reduced to about 1/10 of that of the stoker type.
  • test biomass powders F1 to F3 have a maximum particle size of 8 to 10 mm and contain 10% or more of biomass powder having a particle size of 0.5 mm or less.
  • the results of the ignition / flame retention stability test in the above demonstration experimental device are shown in FIGS. 7 to 9.
  • the water content of the test biomass powders F1 to F3 was about 10%, 20%, and 30%. Moisture content was adjusted by intentional humidification.
  • the ignition stability was tested by changing the primary air temperature T 1 and the primary air supply amount A 1 while paying attention to the temperature Tw of the heat insulating wall which is the ignition source.
  • the horizontal axis of FIGS. 7 to 9 indicates the primary air temperature T 1
  • the vertical axis indicates the heat insulating wall temperature Tw.
  • the primary air supply amount A 1 is shown numerically in the figure as an air ratio ⁇ 1 (A 1 / weight ratio of chemical equivalent air amount) to the supply amount of powders F1 to F3.
  • the adiabatic wall temperature Tw was controlled by the primary air temperature T 1 and the air ratio ⁇ 1 .
  • FIG. 7 shows the test results when Sugi powder F1 was used.
  • the heat insulating wall temperature Tw is 900 ° C., and stable ignition is achieved.
  • Tw exceeds 1000 ° C. Therefore, ⁇ 1 is increased to reduce the temperature of Tw as a measure against clinker.
  • the water content of 30% powder not increase Tw is, Tw becomes the 900 ° C., a stable ignition was achieved by partnering squeezed ⁇ 1 primary air temperature T 1 of the 300 ° C..
  • FIG. 8 shows the test results when rice husk powder F2 was used. Although the ignition stability is slightly inferior to that of cedar powder, stable ignition was obtained at a heat insulating wall temperature of Tw900 ° C. even with a water content of 30%. Rice husks contained about 15% of ash, but most of them were deposited on the bottom of the furnace, and it was confirmed that this ash could be discharged to the outside of the system without any problem.
  • FIG. 9 shows the test results when the weed powder F3 was used. Similar to FIGS. 7 and 8, the test was carried out with three types of water content of 10%, 20% and 30%, and all of them were able to ignite and retain flame stably at Tw900 ° C. or higher. There was Sugikotai F1 and clinker generated was not observed in the chaff powder F2 is, lower the primary air temperature T 1, the increasing primary air supply amount A 1 and heat insulating wall temperature 900 ⁇ 1030 ° C. By controlling, the generation of clinker could be suppressed.
  • the experimental results obtained by using the above demonstration experimental device are summarized as follows.
  • (1) The volume of the combustion device of the present application is about 1/10 of that of the conventional stoker type combustion device, and the device can be downsized.
  • (2) Most of the biomass such as herbaceous, woody, and food residues can be used as the biomass powder of the combustion apparatus of the present application.
  • the combustion apparatus of the present application can clear the exhaust gas regulation value of the combustion exhaust gas.
  • the combustion apparatus of the present application has a cooling structure at the bottom of the furnace, so that even low melting point ash fuel does not cause sticking clinker trouble.
  • the powder burner device and the combustion device of the present application can stably ignite and retain flames using biomass containing 10% by weight or more of particles of 0.5 mm or less as fuel, and can ignite and retain flames stably without incurring a large cost for crushing.
  • biomass such as general wood, wood waste, construction waste, bark, pruned branches and other wood, rice straw, straw, rice husks, yoshi and other herbs, coffee slag, waste fungus bed, food residue, etc. are used as industrial fuel. It will be possible to use it.
  • the volume of the combustion device can be reduced to about 1/10 of that of the grate combustion device, the amount of combustion gas and the combustion temperature can be controlled in a short time (in minutes), and the combustion exhaust gas contains unburned components. It is extremely low, and the content of harmful gases such as dioxin can be kept below the exhaust gas regulation standard. Since the combustion equipment can perform stable operation control comparable to that of oil and gas fuels, it can replace existing fossil fuel-based combustors. For example, it can be used as a new or existing replacement combustion device for renewable energy companies, sawmills, food factories, waste disposal companies, waste generation business establishments, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de brûleur à poudre dans lequel même de la poudre de biomasse broyée grossièrement peut être utilisée en tant que combustible industriel; et un dispositif de combustion dont l'opération peut être commandée de manière stable et efficace à l'aide dudit dispositif de brûleur. Un dispositif de brûleur (10) de la présente invention comprend : un tuyau de brûleur (12); un dispositif d'alimentation en combustible (30) qui fournit de la poudre de biomasse (F) au tuyau de brûleur (12); et un tuyau d'alimentation en air primaire (14) relié à une paroi latérale du tuyau de brûleur (12), la poudre de biomasse (F) fournie par le dispositif d'alimentation en combustible (14) étant lâchée tout en étant déplacée de manière tourbillonnante dans le tuyau de brûleur (12) par l'air primaire provenant du tuyau d'alimentation en air primaire et étant évacuée par l'intermédiaire d'un orifice d'évacuation de combustible (13) au niveau d'une extrémité inférieure du tuyau de brûleur (12). Le dispositif de brûleur (10) comprend en outre une paroi d'isolation thermique (17) incluant une paroi interne de forme conique (17a) située en dessous de l'orifice d'évacuation de combustible (13).
PCT/JP2019/016494 2019-04-17 2019-04-17 Dispositif de brûleur et dispositif de combustion WO2020213091A1 (fr)

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SG11202011727RA SG11202011727RA (en) 2019-04-17 2019-04-17 Burner device and combustion apparatus
CN201980039556.2A CN112469943B (zh) 2019-04-17 2019-04-17 燃烧器装置和燃烧装置
EP19924652.1A EP3971474A4 (fr) 2019-04-17 2019-04-17 Dispositif de brûleur et dispositif de combustion
JP2020543113A JP6937061B2 (ja) 2019-04-17 2019-04-17 バーナ装置及び燃焼装置
PCT/JP2019/016494 WO2020213091A1 (fr) 2019-04-17 2019-04-17 Dispositif de brûleur et dispositif de combustion
PH12020552128A PH12020552128A1 (en) 2019-04-17 2020-12-10 Burner device and combustion apparatus

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CN116146983B (zh) * 2023-01-13 2023-11-14 华中科技大学 用于燃煤锅炉掺烧负荷调变的固废自适应热解系统及方法

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CN112469943A (zh) 2021-03-09
JP6937061B2 (ja) 2021-09-22
CN112469943B (zh) 2024-06-07
PH12020552128A1 (en) 2021-07-19

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