WO2020211298A1 - 一种含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法 - Google Patents
一种含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020211298A1 WO2020211298A1 PCT/CN2019/108491 CN2019108491W WO2020211298A1 WO 2020211298 A1 WO2020211298 A1 WO 2020211298A1 CN 2019108491 W CN2019108491 W CN 2019108491W WO 2020211298 A1 WO2020211298 A1 WO 2020211298A1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- the invention relates to the field of coal mining, in particular to a water-bearing layer segmented grouting curtain water-retaining mining method.
- Underground coal mining causes the overlying rock layer to move and deform, and cracks are created and may turn the original water barrier into a permeable layer, causing the groundwater level to drop or even leak.
- this problem is particularly prominent. How to achieve the coordination of coal resource mining and water resource protection in mining areas has become one of the hotspots of academic and business circles, and it is also a major requirement for national strategy and harmonious development of society.
- the water-preserving coal mining methods that have been proposed and applied are mainly divided into two categories: one is to reduce the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone by leaving coal pillars or reducing the mining size. Such as limited height mining, strip mining, room-pillar mining or short-wall mining, etc., but the coal resource recovery rate is often low; the second is to reduce the disturbance of the overlying aquifer during mining by filling the goaf. Such as solid filling, paste filling, high-water material filling or separation grouting filling, etc., but the process is often complicated, and the interference of mining and filling has a greater impact on production efficiency and face productivity. Especially in the development of large-scale coal bases in Northwest China, how to achieve water-preserving mining on the basis of high recovery rate of coal resources and high production efficiency is an urgent problem to be solved.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-retaining mining method with segmented grouting and curtain for aquifers to solve the problem of how to achieve water-preserving mining based on the high recovery rate and high production efficiency of coal resources proposed in the above background technology.
- a water-retaining mining method with segmented grouting curtain for aquifers comprising a water-bearing layer and a coal seam located below the aquifer, and further comprising the following steps:
- the present invention has the following steps for the implementation of b:
- step b1 and step b2 mine the third working face adjacent to the second working face until the first mining area is completely mined.
- the basic geological parameters and design parameters in step a include:
- step d the conditions for automatically eliminating the grouting curtain in the first mining area by mining in the second mining area include:
- the grouting curtain in the first mining area is located outside the vertical range of the first protective coal pillar and in the second mining area;
- the grouting curtain of the first mining area is located above the vertical range of the first protective coal pillar and within the mining influence range of the second mining area.
- step d by recovering the first protective coal pillar, the conditions for eliminating the grouting curtain in the first mining area include:
- the grouting curtain of the first mining area is located within the vertical range of the first protection coal pillar, and at the same time, it is also located outside the mining area of the second mining area;
- the grouting curtain of the first mining area is located within the vertical range of the first protective coal pillar, and at the same time, it is also located outside the mining influence range of the second mining area.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the construction of curtains realizes water-retaining coal mining; and the automatic elimination of grouting curtains in the first mining area can be realized through the mining of the second mining area or the recovery of the first protective coal pillar, preventing the curtain from cutting off the supply conditions for a long time and affecting the changes of the surface ecology.
- Figure 1 is a top view of the structure of the present invention
- Figure 2 shows that the grouting curtain is outside the protective coal pillar
- Figure 3 shows the case where the grouting curtain is on the protective coal pillar 1;
- Figure 4 shows the situation where the grouting curtain is above the protective coal pillar 2;
- Figure 5 shows the case 3 where the grouting curtain is located above the protective coal pillar.
- 1 first mining area 11 first mining area first working face, 12 first mining area second working face, 13 first mining area third working face, 1w first mining area grouting curtain, 11w first mining area Grouting curtain on the first working face in the first mining area, 12w grouting curtain on the second working face in the first mining area, 13w grouting curtain on the third working face in the first mining area, 1t stop line in the first mining area, 1b first protection Coal pillar, 2 second mining area, 21 second mining area first working face, 22 second mining area second working face, 23 second mining area third working face, 2w second mining area grouting curtain, 21w first mining area Grouting curtain on the first working face of the second mining area, 22w grouting curtain on the second working face of the second mining area, 23w grouting curtain on the third working face of the second mining area, 2t second mining area stop line, 2b second protection Coal pillars, 3 grouting pipes, 4 aquifers, 5 surface, 6 water level lines.
- An aquifer segmented grouting curtain water-retaining mining method includes an aquifer 4 and a coal seam located below the aquifer 4.
- the specific implementation steps are:
- the second protective coal pillar 2b and the second mining area grouting curtain 2w are processed according to the working methods of steps b, c, and d, and so on, until the entire coal seam is fully mined. .
- Step b of the present invention also includes the following steps:
- step b1 and step b2 mining is performed on the third working face 13 adjacent to the second working face 12 until the first mining area 1 is fully mined.
- This construction method of constructing the curtain while mining has the characteristics of being flexible and changeable according to the actual situation of the site, which is conducive to improving work efficiency.
- the basic geological parameters and design parameters in step a of the present invention include:
- the conditions for automatically eliminating the grouting curtain 1w in the first mining area through the mining of the second mining area 2 in step d include:
- the grouting curtain 1w of the first mining area is located outside the vertical range of the first protective coal pillar 1b, and is located in the second mining area 2;
- the grouting curtain 1w of the first mining area is located above the vertical range of the first protection coal pillar 1b, and is located within the mining influence range of the second mining area 2.
- step d by recovering the first protective coal pillar 1b, the conditions for eliminating the grouting curtain 1w in the first mining area include:
- the grouting curtain 1w of the first mining area is located within the vertical range of the first protection coal pillar 1b, and is also located outside the mining influence range of the second mining area 2;
- the grouting curtain 1w of the first mining area is located within the vertical range of the first protection coal pillar 1b, and is also outside the mining influence range of the second mining area 2.
- Step 1 Arrange the grouting curtain 11w of the first working face of the first mining area on the side of the aquifer 4 away from the strike edge of the mining area.
- the grouting material is cement-water glass grout.
- the water-cement ratio of cement is 0.8:1.
- Step 2 Referring to Figure 1, the first mining area 1 is mined in the order of the first working face 11, the second working face 12, and the third working face 13.
- the second working face 12 is arranged and the second working face grouting curtain 12w is prefabricated, and then the second working face 12 is mined, and so on.
- the length of the third working face grouting curtain 13w The distance and thickness of 1t from the stop line of the first mining area are the same as the result of step 1.
- the manufacturing method of the third working face grouting curtain 13w is the same as that of the second working face grouting curtain 12w, until the mining of the first mining area 1 working face is completed;
- Step 3 Referring to Figure 1, the second mining area 2 is mined in the same order as the first mining area 1. Arrange the first working face 21 and its grouting curtain 21w according to the method of step 1, and arrange the second working face 22, the third working face 23 and its grouting curtains 22w, 23w according to the method of step 2, until the second mining area 2 Mining is complete;
- Step 4 With reference to Figure 2, when L>W, the grouting curtains 1w of the first mining area are all located outside the first protection coal pillar 1b and are all in the second mining area 2. During the mining process of the second mining area 2, the grouting curtain 1w in the first mining area is automatically eliminated, the aquifer 4 corresponding to the first mining area 1 restores the replenishment conditions, and the water content is restored. Finally, the coal pillars are recovered and protected.
- Step 1 Arrange the grouting curtain 11w of the first working face of the first mining area on the side of the aquifer 4 away from the strike edge of the mining area.
- the grouting material is cement-water glass grout.
- the water-cement ratio of cement is 0.8:1.
- Step 2 Referring to Figure 1, the first mining area 1 is mined in the order of the first working face 11, the second working face 12, and the third working face 13.
- the second working face 12 is arranged and the second working face grouting curtain 12w is prefabricated, and then the second working face 12 is mined, and so on.
- the length of the third working face grouting curtain 13w The distance and thickness of 1t from the stop line of the first mining area are the same as the result of step 1.
- the manufacturing method of the third working face grouting curtain 13w is the same as that of the second working face grouting curtain 12w, until the mining of the first mining area 1 working face is completed;
- Step 3 Referring to Figure 1, the second mining area 2 is mined in the same order as the first mining area 1. Arrange the first working face 21 and its grouting curtain 21w according to the method of step 1, and arrange the second working face 22, the third working face 23 and its grouting curtains 22w, 23w according to the method of step 2, until the second mining area 2 Mining is complete;
- Step 4 Refer to Figure 3, when And when Hcot ⁇ >(WL- ⁇ ), the grouting curtains 1w of the first mining area are all located above the first protection coal pillar 1b, and are all within the mining influence range of the second mining area 2. During the mining process of the second mining area 2, the grouting curtain 1w in the first mining area is automatically eliminated, the aquifer 4 corresponding to the first mining area 1 restores the replenishment conditions, and the water content is restored. Finally, the coal pillars are recovered and protected.
- Step 1 Arrange the grouting curtain 11w of the first working face of the first mining area on the side of the aquifer 4 away from the strike edge of the mining area.
- the grouting material is cement-water glass grout.
- the water-cement ratio of cement is 0.8:1.
- Step 2 Referring to Figure 1, the first mining area 1 is mined in the order of the first working face 11, the second working face 12, and the third working face 13.
- the second working face 12 is arranged and the second working face grouting curtain 12w is prefabricated, and then the second working face 12 is mined, and so on.
- the length of the third working face grouting curtain 13w The distance and thickness of 1t from the stop line of the first mining area are the same as the result of step 1.
- the manufacturing method of the third working face grouting curtain 13w is the same as that of the second working face grouting curtain 12w, until the mining of the first mining area 1 working face is completed;
- Step 3 Referring to Figure 1, the second mining area 2 is mined in the same order as the first mining area 1. Arrange the first working face 21 and its grouting curtain 21w according to the method of step 1, and arrange the second working face 22, the third working face 23 and its grouting curtains 22w, 23w according to the method of step 2, until the second mining area 2 Mining is complete;
- Step 4 Refer to Figure 4, when At that time, the grouting curtains 1w in the first mining area are all located above the first protective coal pillar 1b, and are all outside the mining-affected range of the second mining area 2.
- the grouting curtain 1w in the first mining area cannot be automatically eliminated by the second mining area 2. It needs to be automatically eliminated by recovering the first protective coal pillar 1b, and the aquifer 4 corresponding to the first mining area 1 is restored Replenishment conditions, water content can be restored.
- Step 1 Arrange the grouting curtain 11w of the first working face of the first mining area on the side of the aquifer 4 away from the strike edge of the mining area.
- the grouting material is cement-water glass grout.
- the water-cement ratio of cement is 0.8:1.
- Step 2 Referring to Figure 1, the first mining area 1 is mined in the order of the first working face 11, the second working face 12, and the third working face 13.
- the second working face 12 is arranged and the second working face grouting curtain 12w is prefabricated, and then the second working face 12 is mined, and so on.
- the length of the third working face grouting curtain 13w The distance and thickness of 1t from the stop line of the first mining area are the same as the result of step 1.
- the manufacturing method of the third working face grouting curtain 13w is the same as that of the second working face grouting curtain 12w, until the mining of the first mining area 1 working face is completed;
- Step 3 Referring to Figure 1, the second mining area 2 is mined in the same order as the first mining area 1. Arrange the first working face 21 and its grouting curtain 21w according to the method of step 1, and arrange the second working face 22, the third working face 23 and its grouting curtains 22w, 23w according to the method of step 2, until the second mining area 2 Mining is complete;
- Step 4 Refer to Figure 5, when And when Hcot ⁇ (WL- ⁇ ), the grouting curtains 1w of the first mining area are all located above the first protection coal pillar 1b, and all are outside the mining influence range of the second mining area 2.
- the grouting curtain 1w in the first mining area cannot be automatically eliminated by the second mining area 2. It needs to be automatically eliminated by recovering the first protective coal pillar 1b, and the aquifer 4 corresponding to the first mining area 1 is restored Replenishment conditions, water content can be restored.
- the present invention proposes a water-retaining coal mining method with 4 segmented grouting curtain 1w in aquifer.
- the method changes the flow rate, flow direction and flow rate of the dynamic water by prefabricating the grouting curtain 1w in the aquifer 4 to cut off the replenishment conditions in a short time, so that the flow of water into the goaf is significantly reduced and the flow rate is large.
- the amplitude is reduced to achieve continuous and safe mining of the working face; on the other hand, through the second mining area 2 stoping or the recovery of the first protective coal pillar 1b, the automatic elimination of the corresponding curtain 1w of the working face is realized to restore the target aquifer 4 Water content, to achieve water-preserving coal mining in the mining area.
- This method improves the recovery rate and mining efficiency, and realizes the simultaneous operation of the 11th mining stage of the first working face, the preparation stage of the second working face 12 and the prefabricated grouting curtain 12w of the second working face of the first mining area, which is a kind of safety , Efficient water-preserving coal mining method.
Abstract
一种含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法，包括含水层（4）和煤层；a、获取基本地质参数并进行采矿工程设计，确定地下水流（6）的方向和第一采区注浆帷幕（1w）的位置及尺寸；b、在水流上游方向上的第一保护煤柱（1b）上方的含水层（4）中预制第一采区注浆帷幕（1w），然后对第一采区（1）进行正常回采直至回采完毕；c、在含水层（4）中预制第二采区注浆帷幕（2w），然后至回采完毕；d、通过回收第一保护煤柱（1b）或以第二采区（2）采动实现第一采区注浆帷幕（1w）消除；e、按照步骤b、c、d的工作方式对第二保护煤柱（2b）和第二采区注浆帷幕（2w）进行处理，依次类推，直至整个煤层全部开采完毕。该开采方法通过构建帷幕实现保水采煤；并让注浆帷幕自动消除，防止帷幕长时间切断补给条件而影响地表生态的变化。
Description
本发明涉及煤炭开采领域，具体为一种含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法。
地下煤炭开采引起上覆岩层发生移动变形，裂隙产生并可能使原来的隔水层变为透水层，造成地下水位下降甚至漏失。特别是在煤炭资源丰富而水资源匮乏的西北矿区这一问题尤为突出。如何实现矿区煤炭资源开采与水资源保护相协调已成为学术界、企业界关注的热点之一，更是国家战略和社会和谐发展的重大需求。
目前已提出并开展应用的保水采煤方法主要分为两大类：一种是通过留设煤柱或减小开采尺寸的方式减小导水裂隙带的发育高度。如限高开采、条带开采、房柱式开采或短壁开采等，但往往煤炭资源采出率低；二是通过采空区充填等方式来减弱采动时上覆含水层的扰动。如固体充填、膏体充填、高水材料充填或离层注浆充填等，但往往工艺复杂，采充干扰对生产效率、工作面产能的影响较大。特别是在西北大型煤炭基地开发中，如何在煤炭资源的高回收率和高生产效率的基础上实现保水开采，是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出如何在煤炭资源的高回收率和高生产效率的基础上实现保水开采的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法，包括含水层和位于含水层下方的煤层，还包括以下步骤：
a、获取工作地的基本地质参数并进行合理的采矿工程设计，确定含水层地下水流的方向和第一采区注浆帷幕的位置及尺寸；
b、在第一保护煤柱上方的含水层中预制与水流方向垂直的第一采区注浆帷幕，然后对第一采区进行正常回采直至回采完毕；
c、在第二保护煤柱上方的含水层中预制与水流方向垂直的第二采区注浆帷幕，然后对第二采区进行正常回采直至回采完毕；
d、通过回收第一保护煤柱或以第二采区采动实现第一采区注浆帷幕消除；
e、按照步骤b、c、d的工作方式对第二保护煤柱和第二采区注浆帷幕进行处理，依次类推，直至整个煤层全部开采完毕。
本发明对于b的实施有如下的步骤：
b1、在回采前，先构建第一采区第一工作面注浆帷幕，在第一工作面回采过程中，继续构建第二工作面注浆帷幕；
b2、再对第二工作面进行正常回采；
b3、按照步骤b1和步骤b2的工作方式，对第二工作面相邻的第三工作面进行开采，直至第一采区全部开采完毕。
其中，步骤a中基本地质参数和设计参数包括：
第一采区注浆帷幕水流下游方向边缘至第一保护煤柱水流下游方向边缘的第一停采线之间的距离L；
第一保护煤柱留设宽度W；
岩层移动角δ；
含水层底部至第一保护煤柱顶部的垂直距离H；
第一工作面注浆帷幕的厚度Δ；
第一工作面注浆帷幕的抗剪强度τ；
第一工作面注浆帷幕的长度l；
含水层的水压q；
含水层厚度h；
工作面长度m；
工作面推进长度n；
第二工作面注浆帷幕的长度l′；
其中
L≥Hcotδ；
本发明的一个实施例：步骤d中通过第二采区采动实现第一采区注浆帷幕自动消除的条件包括：
①L＞W，第一采区注浆帷幕位于第一保护煤柱垂直范围之外，且位于第二采区之内；
或
②
且Hcotδ＞(W-L-Δ)，第一采区注浆帷幕位于第一保护煤柱垂直范围之上，且位于第二采区采动影响范围之内。
本发明的一个实施例：步骤d中通过回收第一保护煤柱实现第一采区注浆帷幕消除的条件包括：
①
第一采区注浆帷幕位于第一保护煤柱垂直范围之内，同时也位于第二采区采动影响范围之外；
或
②
且Hcotδ≤(W-L-Δ)，第一采区注浆帷幕位于第一保护煤柱垂直范围之内，同时也位于第二采区采动影响范围之外。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
通过构建帷幕实现保水采煤；并且通过第二采区采动或第一保护煤柱回收实现第一采区注浆帷幕自动消除，防止帷幕长时间切断补给条件而影响地表生态的变化。
图1为本发明的结构俯视图；
图2为注浆帷幕位于保护煤柱之外示意；
图3为注浆帷幕位于保护煤柱之上情况1；
图4为注浆帷幕位于保护煤柱之上情况2；
图5为注浆帷幕位于保护煤柱之上情况3。
图中，1第一采区、11第一采区第一工作面、12第一采区第二工作面、13第一采区第三工作面、1w第一采区注浆帷幕、11w第一采区第一工作面注浆帷幕、12w第一采区第二工作面注浆帷幕、13w第一采区第三工作面注浆帷幕、1t第一采区停采线、1b第一保护煤柱、2第二采区、21第二采区第一工作面、22第二采区第二工作面、23第二采区第三工作面、2w第二采区注浆帷幕、21w第二采区第一工作面注浆帷幕、22w第二采区第二工作面注浆帷幕、23w第二采区第三工作面注浆帷幕、2t第二采区停采线、2b第二保护煤柱、3注浆管道、4含水层、5地表、6等水位线。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1所示，地下煤炭开采引起上覆岩层发生移动变形，裂隙产生并可能使原来的隔水层变为透水层，造成地下水位下降甚至漏失。所以，为了实现安全高效开采，特提出如下方法：
一种含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法，包括含水层4和位于含水层4下方的煤层，具体实施步骤是：
a、获取工作地的基本地质参数并进行合理的采矿工程设计，确定含水层4地下水流6的方向和第一采区注浆帷幕1w的位置及尺寸；
b、在第一保护煤柱1b上方的含水层4中预制与水流方向垂直的第一采区注浆帷幕1w，然后对第一采区1进行正常回采直至回采完毕；
c、在第二保护煤柱2b上方的含水层4中预制与水流方向垂直的第二采区注浆帷幕2w，然后对第二采区2进行正常回采直至回采完毕；
d、通过回收第一保护煤柱1b或以第二采区2采动实现第一采区注浆帷幕1w消除；
e、按照步骤b、c、d的工作方式对第二保护煤柱2b和第二采区注浆帷幕2w进行处理，依次类推，直至整个煤层全部开采完毕。。
本发明的步骤b中还包括如下的步骤：
b1、在回采前，先构建第一采区1第一工作面注浆帷幕11w，在第一工作面11回采过程中，继续构建第二工作面注浆帷幕12w；
b2、再对第二工作面12进行正常回采；
b3、按照步骤b1和步骤b2的工作方式，对第二工作面12相邻的第三工作面13进行开采，直至第一采区1全部开采完毕。
这种边开采边构建帷幕的施工方式具有跟随现场实际情况，灵活多变的特点，有利于提高工作效率。
在实施过程中，本发明步骤a中基本地质参数和设计参数包括：
第一采区注浆帷幕1w水流下游方向边缘至第一保护煤柱1b水流下游方向边缘的第一停采线1t之间的距离L；第一保护煤柱1b留设宽度W；岩层移动角δ；含水层4底部至第一保护煤柱1b顶部的垂直距离H；第一工作面注浆帷幕11w的厚度Δ；第一工作面注浆帷幕11w的抗剪强度τ；第一工作面注浆帷幕11w的长度l；含水层4的水压q；含水层4厚度h；工作面长度m；工作面推进长度n；第二工作面注浆帷幕12w的长度1′；其中
L≥Hcotδ；
其中，本发明在步骤d中通过第二采区2采动实现第一采区注浆帷幕1w自动消除的条件包括：
①L＞W，第一采区注浆帷幕1w位于第一保护煤柱1b垂直范围之外，且位于第二采区2之内；
或
②
且Hcotδ＞(W-L-Δ)，第一采区注浆帷幕1w位于第一保护煤柱1b垂直范围之上，且位于第二采区2第二采区采动影响范围之内。
本发明在步骤d中通过回收第一保护煤柱1b实现第一采区注浆帷幕1w消除的条件包括：
①
第一采区注浆帷幕1w位于第一保护煤柱1b垂直范围之内，同时也位于第二采区2采动影响范围之外；
或
②
且Hcotδ≤(W-L-Δ)，第一采区注浆帷幕1w位于第一保护煤柱1b垂直范围之内，同时也位于第二采区2采动影响范围之外。
下面结合现场具体情况，进一步说明以第二采区采动实现第一采区注浆帷幕1w消除的方式：
实施例一：
如附图1和2所示，某矿工作面推进长度n＝1800m，工作面长度m＝150m，可采煤层厚度M＝10m，。如图2所示，工作面顶板距含水层距离H＝160m，含水层厚度h＝10m，水压q＝1MPa。保护煤柱留设宽度W＝60m，岩层移动角δ＝70°。
步骤一：在含水层4距离采区走向边缘的一侧布置第一采区第一工作面注浆帷幕11w，注浆材料选择水泥-水玻璃浆液，水泥的水灰比为0.8∶1，水玻璃的波美度为40°Bé，水玻璃∶水泥＝1∶1，帷幕抗剪强度τ＝0.6MPa。帷幕长度
与第一采区停采线1t距离为L≥Hcotδ＝61.9m，厚度
步骤二：参照图1，第一采区1按第一工作面11、第二工作面12、第三工作面13的顺序开采。在第一工作面11开采过程中，布置第二工作面12并预制第二工作面注浆帷幕12w，然后开采第二工作面12，依次类推。第三工作面注浆帷幕13w的长度
其距第一采区停采线1t的距离和厚度与步骤一结果同。第三工作面注浆帷幕13w的制作方 法与第二工作面注浆帷幕12w相同，直至第一采区1工作面开采完毕；
步骤三：参照图1，第二采区2按照类似第一采区1的顺序开采。按照步骤一的方法布置第一工作面21及其注浆帷幕21w，按照步骤二的方法布置第二工作面22、第三工作面23及其注浆帷幕22w、23w，直至第二采区2开采完毕；
步骤四：参照图2，当L＞W时，第一采区注浆帷幕1w都位于保护第一保护煤柱1b之外、都在第二采区2之内。第二采区2采动过程中，第一采区注浆帷幕1w自动消除，第一采区1对应的含水层4恢复补给条件，含水性得以恢复。最后回收保护煤柱。
实施例二：
如附图1和3所示，某矿工作面推进长度n＝900m，工作面长度m＝150m，可采煤层厚度M＝1m。如图1所示，工作面顶板距含水层距离H＝100m，含水层厚度h＝5m，水压q＝0.5MPa。煤柱留设宽度W＝60m，岩层移动角δ＝70°。
步骤一：在含水层4距离采区走向边缘的一侧布置第一采区第一工作面注浆帷幕11w，注浆材料选择水泥-水玻璃浆液，水泥的水灰比为0.8∶1，水玻璃的波美度为40°Bé，水玻璃∶水泥＝1∶1，帷幕抗剪强度τ＝0.6MPa。注浆帷幕长度
与第一采区停采线1t距离为L≥Hcotδ＝36.4m，厚度
步骤二：参照图1，第一采区1按第一工作面11、第二工作面12、第三工作面13的顺序开采。在第一工作面11开采过程中，布置第二工作面12并预制第二工作面注浆帷幕12w，然后开采第二工作面12，依次类推。第三工作面注浆帷幕13w的长度
其距第一采区停采线1t的距离和厚度与步骤一结果同。第三工作面注浆帷幕13w的制作方法与第二工作面注浆帷幕12w相同，直至第一采区1工作面开采完毕；
步骤三：参照图1，第二采区2按照类似第一采区1的顺序开采。按照步骤一的方法布置第一工作面21及其注浆帷幕21w，按照步骤二的方法布置第二工作面22、第三工作面23及其注浆帷幕22w、23w，直至第二采区2开采完毕；
步骤四：参照图3，当
且Hcotδ＞(W-L-Δ)时，第一采区注浆帷幕1w都位于保护第一保护煤柱1b之上、都在第二采区2第二采区采动影响范围之内。第二采区2采动过程中，第一采区注浆帷幕1w自动消除，第一采区1对应的含水层4恢复补给条件，含水性得以恢复。最后回收保护煤柱。
下面结合现场具体情况，进一步说明以第一保护煤柱回收实现第一采区注浆帷幕1w消除的方式：
实施例三：
如附图1和4所示，某矿工作面推进长度n＝1350m，工作面长度m＝200m，可采煤层厚度M＝6m。如图1所示，工作面顶板距含水层距离H＝30m，含水层厚度h＝9m，水压q＝0.1MPa。保护煤柱留设宽度W＝60m，岩层移动角δ＝70°。
步骤一：在含水层4距离采区走向边缘的一侧布置第一采区第一工作面注浆帷幕11w，注浆材料选择水泥-水玻璃浆液，水泥的水灰比为0.8∶1，水玻璃的波美度为40°Bé，水玻璃∶水泥＝1∶1，帷幕抗剪强度τ＝0.6MPa。注浆帷幕长度
与第一采 区停采线1t距离为L≥Hcotδ＝10.92m，厚度
步骤二：参照图1，第一采区1按第一工作面11、第二工作面12、第三工作面13的顺序开采。在第一工作面11开采过程中，布置第二工作面12并预制第二工作面注浆帷幕12w，然后开采第二工作面12，依次类推。第三工作面注浆帷幕13w的长度
其距第一采区停采线1t的距离和厚度与步骤一结果同。第三工作面注浆帷幕13w的制作方法与第二工作面注浆帷幕12w相同，直至第一采区1工作面开采完毕；
步骤三：参照图1，第二采区2按照类似第一采区1的顺序开采。按照步骤一的方法布置第一工作面21及其注浆帷幕21w，按照步骤二的方法布置第二工作面22、第三工作面23及其注浆帷幕22w、23w，直至第二采区2开采完毕；
步骤四：参照图4，当
时，第一采区注浆帷幕1w都位于保护第一保护煤柱1b之上、都在第二采区2采动影响范围之外。第一采区注浆帷幕1w无法通过第二采区2的采动而自动消除，则需通过回收第一保护煤柱1b的方式来实现自动消除，第一采区1对应的含水层4恢复补给条件，含水性得以恢复。
实施例四：
如附图1和5所示，某矿工作面推进长度n＝1350m，工作面长度m＝150m，可采煤层厚度M＝9m。如图1所示，工作面顶板距含水层距离H＝50m，含水层厚度h＝6m，水压q＝0.6MPa。保护煤柱留设宽度W＝60m，岩层移动角δ＝70°。
步骤一：在含水层4距离采区走向边缘的一侧布置第一采区第一工作面注浆帷幕11w，注浆材料选择水泥-水玻璃浆液，水泥的水灰比为0.8∶1，水玻璃的波美度为40°Bé，水玻璃∶水泥＝1∶1，帷幕抗剪强度τ＝0.6MPa。注浆帷幕长度
与第一采区停采线1t距离为L≥Hcotδ＝18.2m，厚度
步骤二：参照图1，第一采区1按第一工作面11、第二工作面12、第三工作面13的顺序开采。在第一工作面11开采过程中，布置第二工作面12并预制第二工作面注浆帷幕12w，然后开采第二工作面12，依次类推。第三工作面注浆帷幕13w的长度
其距第一采区停采线1t的距离和厚度与步骤一结果同。第三工作面注浆帷幕13w的制作方法与第二工作面注浆帷幕12w相同，直至第一采区1工作面开采完毕；
步骤三：参照图1，第二采区2按照类似第一采区1的顺序开采。按照步骤一的方法布置第一工作面21及其注浆帷幕21w，按照步骤二的方法布置第二工作面22、第三工作面23及其注浆帷幕22w、23w，直至第二采区2开采完毕；
步骤四：参照图5，当
且Hcotδ≤(W-L-Δ)时，第一采区注浆帷幕1w都位于保护第一保护煤柱1b之上、都在第二采区2采动影响范围之外。第一采区注浆帷幕1w无法通过第二采区2的采动而自动消除，则需通过回收第一保护煤柱1b的方式来实现自动消除，第一采区1对应的含水层4恢复补给条件，含水性得以恢复。
本发明提出一种含水层4分段注浆帷幕1w保水采煤方法。该方法一方面在工作面准备阶段，通过在含水层4分段预制注浆帷幕1w改变动水流速、流向和流量，短期切断补给 条件，使流进采空区的水流量显著减少、流速大幅度降低，从而实现工作面的连续安全开采；另一方面通过第二采区2回采或回收第一保护煤柱1b进实现工作面对应帷幕1w的自动消除，来恢复靶向含水层4的含水性，实现开采区域的保水采煤。该方法提高了采出率和开采效率，实现了第一工作面11开采阶段、第二工作面12准备阶段与预制第一采区第二工作面注浆帷幕12w工作同步进行，是一种安全、高效的保水采煤方法。
Claims (5)
- 一种含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法，包括含水层(4)和位于含水层(4)下方的煤层，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：a、获取工作地的基本地质参数并进行合理的采矿工程设计，确定含水层(4)地下水流(6)的方向和第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)的位置及尺寸；b、在第一保护煤柱(1b)上方的含水层(4)中预制与水流方向垂直的第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)，然后对第一采区(1)进行正常回采直至回采完毕；c、在第二保护煤柱(2b)上方的含水层(4)中预制与水流方向垂直的第二采区注浆帷幕(2w)，然后对第二采区(2)进行正常回采直至回采完毕；d、通过回收第一保护煤柱(1b)或以第二采区(2)采动实现第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)消除；e、按照步骤b、c、d的工作方式对第二保护煤柱(2b)和第二采区注浆帷幕(2w)进行处理，依次类推，直至整个煤层全部开采完毕。
- 根据权利要求1所述的含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法，其特征在于：b1、在回采前，先构建第一采区(1)第一工作面注浆帷幕(11w)，在第一工作面(11)回采过程中，继续构建第二工作面注浆帷幕(12w)；b2、再对第二工作面(12)进行正常回采；b3、按照步骤b1和步骤b2的工作方式，对第二工作面(12)相邻的第三工作面(13)进行开采，直至第一采区(1)全部开采完毕。
- 根据权利要求1所述的含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法，其特征在于：步骤a中基本地质参数和设计参数包括：第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)水流下游方向边缘至第一保护煤柱(1b)水流下游方向边缘的第一停采线(1t)之间的距离L；第一保护煤柱(1b)留设宽度W；岩层移动角δ；含水层(4)底部至第一保护煤柱(1b)顶部的垂直距离H；第一工作面注浆帷幕(11w)的厚度Δ；第一工作面注浆帷幕(11w)的抗剪强度τ；第一工作面注浆帷幕(11w)的长度l；含水层(4)的水压q；含水层(4)厚度h；工作面长度m；工作面推进长度n；第二工作面注浆帷幕(12w)的长度l′；其中L≥Hcotδ；
- 根据权利要求3所述的含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法，其特征在于：步骤d中通过第二采区(2)采动实现第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)自动消除的条件包括：①L＞W，第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)位于第一保护煤柱(1b)垂直范围之外，且位于第二采区(2)之内；或②且Hcotδ＞(W-L-Δ)，第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)位于第一保护煤柱(1b)垂直范围之上，且位于第二采区(2)采动影响范围之内。
- 根据权利要求3所述的含水层分段注浆帷幕保水开采方法，其特征在于：步骤d中通过回收第一保护煤柱(1b)实现第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)消除的条件包括：①第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)位于第一保护煤柱(1b)垂直范围之内，同时也位于第二采区(2)采动影响范围之外；
或②且Hcotδ≤(W-L-Δ)，第一采区注浆帷幕(1w)位于第一保护煤柱(1b)垂直范围之内，同时也位于第二采区(2)采动影响范围之外。
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| CN115059105A (zh) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-09-16 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | 煤矿顶板砂岩水定向钻孔随采随注随监截水帷幕保水方法 |
| CN115059105B (zh) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-07-14 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | 煤矿顶板砂岩水定向钻孔随采随注随监截水帷幕保水方法 |
| CN117852313A (zh) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 山东大学 | 一种地下工程前进式分段预注浆快速数值模拟方法及系统 |
| CN117852313B (zh) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-05-10 | 山东大学 | 一种地下工程前进式分段预注浆快速数值模拟方法及系统 |
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| CN110159267B (zh) | 2020-06-02 |
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