WO2020208875A1 - Reformer system and engine system - Google Patents

Reformer system and engine system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020208875A1
WO2020208875A1 PCT/JP2019/050271 JP2019050271W WO2020208875A1 WO 2020208875 A1 WO2020208875 A1 WO 2020208875A1 JP 2019050271 W JP2019050271 W JP 2019050271W WO 2020208875 A1 WO2020208875 A1 WO 2020208875A1
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Prior art keywords
fuel
ammonia
reforming
flow path
gas
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Application number
PCT/JP2019/050271
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
竹内秀隆
Original Assignee
株式会社豊田自動織機
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Application filed by 株式会社豊田自動織機 filed Critical 株式会社豊田自動織機
Publication of WO2020208875A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020208875A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reforming system and an engine system.
  • Patent Document 1 a reforming system applied to an engine has been conventionally known.
  • the reforming system described in Patent Document 1 is a cracker that decomposes gaseous ammonia with a catalyst to generate hydrogen, an ammonia supply pipe that supplies gaseous ammonia to the cracker, and air to the cracker. It is provided with an air supply pipe, an outflow pipe from which a gas containing hydrogen generated by the decomposer flows out, and a cooler connected to the outflow pipe to cool the high-temperature gas flowing out from the decomposer.
  • the above-mentioned conventional technology has the following problems. That is, when reforming gaseous ammonia with a catalyst, a part of the ammonia is burned (oxidation reaction), and the remaining ammonia is separated by using the combustion heat to take out the reformed gas containing hydrogen. ing. However, since the heat of combustion becomes a high temperature of several hundred degrees, the reformed gas also becomes a high temperature of the same degree. Therefore, in order to supply the reformed gas to the engine, it is necessary to dispose a large cooler on the downstream side of the decomposer, which leads to deterioration of mountability and cost increase.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a reforming system and an engine system capable of effectively cooling a reforming gas using a simple system.
  • the reforming system includes a reforming section that reforms fuel to generate a reforming gas containing hydrogen, an air supply section that supplies air to the reforming section, and a reforming section.
  • the first fuel supply section that supplies fuel, the reforming gas flow path through which the reforming gas generated by the reforming section flows, the heater section that raises the temperature of the reforming section, and the reforming gas flow path are the same as fuel. It is provided with a second fuel supply unit having a liquid fuel injection valve for injecting a material liquid fuel.
  • the reforming system includes a storage unit for storing liquid fuel and a vaporization unit for vaporizing the liquid fuel stored in the storage unit to generate gaseous fuel, and the first fuel supply unit is generated by the vaporization unit.
  • the second fuel supply unit may have a liquid fuel flow path through which the liquid fuel stored in the storage unit flows, and has a gas fuel flow path through which the gas fuel flows.
  • the gas fuel flow path is provided with a first pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the gaseous fuel supplied to the reforming section, and the liquid fuel flow path reduces the pressure of the liquid fuel injected into the reforming gas flow path.
  • a second pressure reducing valve may be provided. In such a configuration, the supply pressure of the gaseous fuel to the reformed portion becomes a constant pressure, and the supply pressure (injection pressure) of the liquid fuel to the reformed gas flow path becomes a constant pressure.
  • the gaseous fuel may be gaseous ammonia and the liquid fuel may be liquid ammonia.
  • Liquid ammonia has a larger latent heat of vaporization than other liquid fuels. Therefore, by using liquid ammonia as the liquid fuel, the reformed gas can be cooled more effectively. Therefore, the reformed gas can be cooled even if the supply amount of liquid ammonia is reduced.
  • the engine system includes an engine, an intake passage through which air supplied to the engine flows, a throttle valve arranged in the intake passage and controlling the flow rate of air supplied to the engine, and fuel.
  • a reforming section that reforms to generate a reforming gas containing hydrogen, an air supply section that supplies air to the reforming section, a first fuel supply section that supplies fuel to the reforming section, and a reforming section.
  • the first fuel supply unit may supply fuel to the engine and the reforming unit.
  • the gaseous fuel produced by the liquid fuel taking heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizing it is supplied to the engine, but also the fuel is supplied to the engine by the first fuel supply unit. Will be. Therefore, the responsiveness of the engine is improved.
  • the reformed gas can be effectively cooled by using a simple system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an engine system including a reforming system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the engine system 1 of the present embodiment is mounted on a vehicle.
  • the engine system 1 includes an ammonia engine 2, an intake passage 3, an exhaust passage 4, a plurality of (four in this case) main injectors 5, and a main throttle valve 6.
  • the ammonia engine 2 is an engine that uses ammonia (NH 3 ) as fuel.
  • the ammonia engine 2 is, for example, a 4-cylinder engine and has four combustion chambers 2a. Hydrogen (H 2 ) is supplied to the ammonia engine 2 together with ammonia (described later).
  • the intake passage 3 is connected to the combustion chamber 2a.
  • the intake passage 3 is a passage through which the air supplied to the combustion chamber 2a flows.
  • An air cleaner 7 for removing dust and foreign matter such as dust contained in the air is provided in the intake passage 3.
  • the exhaust passage 4 is connected to the combustion chamber 2a.
  • the exhaust passage 4 is a passage through which the exhaust gas generated from the combustion chamber 2a flows.
  • An exhaust purification catalyst 8 for removing harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia contained in the exhaust gas is arranged in the exhaust passage 4.
  • the exhaust gas purification catalyst 8 for example, a three-way catalyst, an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst, or the like is used.
  • the main injector 5 is an electromagnetic type fuel injection valve for injecting ammonia gas (NH 3 gas) into the combustion chamber 2a.
  • the main injector 5 is connected to a vaporizer 12 described later via a gaseous ammonia flow path 9.
  • the main injector 5 is attached to the ammonia engine 2.
  • the main throttle valve 6 is arranged between the air cleaner 7 and the ammonia engine 2 in the intake passage 3.
  • the main throttle valve 6 is an electromagnetic flow rate control valve that controls the flow rate of air supplied to the ammonia engine 2.
  • the engine system 1 is provided with a reforming system 10 for reforming ammonia gas.
  • the reforming system 10 includes an ammonia tank 11, a vaporizer 12, a reformer 13, an air flow path 14, a reforming throttle valve 15, a reforming injector 16, an electric heater 17, and a reforming gas flow.
  • the road 18, the cooler 19, and the cooling injector 20 are provided.
  • Ammonia tank 11 is a storage unit that stores ammonia in a liquid state. That is, the ammonia tank 11 stores liquid ammonia (liquid fuel).
  • the vaporizer 12 is a vaporizer unit that vaporizes the liquid ammonia stored in the ammonia tank 11 to generate ammonia gas, which is gaseous ammonia (gas fuel).
  • Liquid ammonia is the same substance as gaseous ammonia. The same substance means that the substance has the same chemical formula.
  • the reformer 13 is a reforming unit that reforms ammonia gas to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen.
  • the reformer 13 has, for example, a carrier 13a exhibiting a honeycomb structure.
  • the carrier 13a is coated with a reforming catalyst 13b that decomposes ammonia gas into hydrogen.
  • the reforming catalyst 13b has a function of burning ammonia gas in addition to a function of decomposing ammonia gas into hydrogen.
  • the reforming catalyst 13b is an ATR (Autothermal Reformer) type ammonia reforming catalyst.
  • a low temperature reaction catalyst may be used as the reforming catalyst 13b.
  • the air passage 14 connects the intake passage 3 and the reformer 13. Specifically, one end of the air flow path 14 is branched and connected to a portion of the intake passage 3 between the air cleaner 7 and the main throttle valve 6. The other end of the air flow path 14 is connected to the reformer 13.
  • the air flow path 14 is a flow path through which the air supplied to the reformer 13 flows.
  • the reforming throttle valve 15 is arranged in the air flow path 14.
  • the reforming throttle valve 15 is an electromagnetic flow rate control valve that controls the flow rate of air supplied to the reformer 13.
  • the air flow path 14 and the reforming throttle valve 15 constitute an air supply unit 21 that supplies air to the reformer 13.
  • the reforming injector 16 is connected to the vaporizer 12 via the gaseous ammonia flow path 9.
  • the gaseous ammonia flow path 9 is a gas fuel flow path through which the ammonia gas generated by the vaporizer 12 flows.
  • the reforming injector 16 is an electromagnetic fuel injection valve that injects ammonia gas, which is a gaseous fuel, toward the reformer 13. Specifically, the reforming injector 16 injects ammonia gas between the reforming throttle valve 15 and the reformer 13 in the air flow path 14. Therefore, air and ammonia gas flow through the portion of the air flow path 14 between the reforming throttle valve 15 and the reformer 13.
  • the gaseous ammonia flow path 9, the main injector 5, the reforming injector 16, and the air flow path 14 constitute an ammonia gas supply unit 22 (first fuel supply unit) that supplies ammonia gas to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13. ing.
  • a pressure reducing valve 23 is provided in the gaseous ammonia flow path 9.
  • the pressure reducing valve 23 is a first pressure reducing valve that reduces the pressure of ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13.
  • the pressure reducing valve 23 maintains the pressure of the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 at a predetermined pressure.
  • the electric heater 17 is a heater unit that raises the temperature of the reformer 13 through the ammonia gas by heating the ammonia gas supplied to the reformer 13.
  • the electric heater 17 has a heating element 24 arranged in the air flow path 14 and a power supply 25 for energizing the heating element 24.
  • the heating element 24 has, for example, a honeycomb structure. The heat of the ammonia gas heated by the electric heater 17 is transferred to the reformer 13, so that the temperature of the reformer 13 rises.
  • the reformed gas flow path 18 connects the reformer 13 and the intake passage 3. Specifically, one end of the reforming gas flow path 18 is connected to the reformer 13. The other end of the reformed gas flow path 18 is branched and connected to a portion of the intake passage 3 between the main throttle valve 6 and the ammonia engine 2.
  • the reformed gas flow path 18 is a flow path through which the reformed gas generated by the reformer 13 flows toward the ammonia engine 2.
  • the cooler 19 is arranged in the reformed gas flow path 18.
  • the cooler 19 cools the reformed gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2.
  • the cooler 19 cools the reformed gas by, for example, heat exchange with the engine cooling water.
  • the cooling injector 20 is connected to the ammonia tank 11 via the liquid ammonia flow path 26.
  • the liquid ammonia flow path 26 is a liquid fuel flow path through which the liquid ammonia stored in the ammonia tank 11 flows.
  • the cooling injector 20 is an electromagnetic liquid fuel injection valve that cools the reformed gas by injecting liquid ammonia into the reformed gas flow path 18 by utilizing the latent heat of vaporization. Specifically, the cooling injector 20 injects liquid ammonia between the reformer 13 and the cooler 19 in the reforming gas flow path 18.
  • the liquid ammonia flow path 26 and the cooling injector 20 form a liquid ammonia supply unit 27 (second fuel supply unit) that supplies liquid ammonia to the reformed gas flow path 18.
  • a liquid ammonia supply unit 27 (second fuel supply unit) that supplies liquid ammonia to the reformed gas flow path 18.
  • liquid ammonia supply unit 27 having the cooling injector 20 together with the cooler 19 it is possible to prevent the intake system parts such as the main throttle valve 6 from being damaged by heat and to suppress the volume expansion of the reformed gas. Therefore, the air is sufficiently easily sucked into the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2.
  • a pressure reducing valve 28 is provided in the liquid ammonia flow path 26.
  • the pressure reducing valve 28 is a second pressure reducing valve that reduces the pressure of liquid ammonia supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18.
  • the pressure reducing valve 28 maintains the pressure of the liquid ammonia supplied to the reforming gas flow path 18 at a predetermined pressure.
  • the reforming system 10 includes a temperature sensor 29 and a controller 30.
  • the temperature sensor 29 is a sensor that detects the temperature of the reformer 13.
  • the temperature sensor 29 detects, for example, the temperature at the upstream end of the reforming catalyst 13b of the reformer 13.
  • the controller 30 is composed of a CPU, RAM, ROM, an input / output interface, and the like.
  • An ignition switch 31 (IG switch) and a starter motor 32 are connected to the controller 30.
  • the ignition switch 31 is a manually operated switch for instructing the driver of the vehicle to start and stop the ammonia engine 2.
  • the starter motor 32 is a motor for starting the ammonia engine 2.
  • the controller 30 includes the main injector 5, the main throttle valve 6, the reforming throttle valve 15, the reforming injector 16, the electric heater 17, the cooling injector 20, and the cooling injector 20 based on the operation signal of the ignition switch 31 and the detected value of the temperature sensor 29.
  • the starter motor 32 is controlled.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing details of the control processing procedure executed by the controller 30. This process is executed when the ammonia engine 2 is started. Before the execution of this process, the main injector 5, the main throttle valve 6, the reforming throttle valve 15, the reforming injector 16, and the cooling injector 20 are in a closed state.
  • the controller 30 first determines whether or not the ignition switch 31 has been turned ON based on the operation signal of the ignition switch 31 (procedure S101). When the controller 30 determines that the ignition switch 31 has been turned on, the controller 30 controls the power supply 25 so as to energize the heating element 24 of the electric heater 17 (procedure S102). As a result, the heating element 24 generates heat.
  • the controller 30 controls to open the reforming injector 16 (procedure S103).
  • ammonia gas is injected from the reforming injector 16 and the ammonia gas is supplied to the reformer 13.
  • the controller 30 controls to open the reforming throttle valve 15 (procedure S104). As a result, air is supplied to the reformer 13.
  • the controller 30 controls the starter motor 32 so as to crank the ammonia engine 2 (procedure S105). As a result, the ammonia engine 2 is started.
  • the controller 30 controls to open the main throttle valve 6 and also controls to open the main injector 5 (procedure S106).
  • air is supplied to the ammonia engine 2
  • ammonia gas is injected from the main injector 5, and ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia engine 2.
  • the controller 30 determines whether or not the temperature of the reformer 13 is equal to or higher than the first specified temperature based on the detected value of the temperature sensor 29 (procedure S107).
  • the first specified temperature is a temperature at which ammonia gas can be burned, and is, for example, about 200 ° C.
  • the controller 30 controls the power supply 25 so as to stop the energization of the heating element 24 (procedure S108).
  • ammonia gas is burned in the reformer 13, and the heat of the combustion further raises the temperature of the reformer 13.
  • the controller 30 determines whether or not the temperature of the reformer 13 is equal to or higher than the second specified temperature based on the detected value of the temperature sensor 29 (procedure S109).
  • the second specified temperature is, for example, a temperature at which ammonia gas can be reformed, and is, for example, about 300 ° C. to 400 ° C.
  • the controller 30 controls the cooling injector 20 to open (procedure S110). As a result, liquid ammonia is injected from the cooling injector 20 and liquid ammonia is supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18.
  • step S105 may be performed after step S107.
  • the heating element 24 of the electric heater 17 is energized and the heating element 24 generates heat.
  • the reforming injector 16 opens, ammonia gas is injected from the reforming injector 16 and the ammonia gas is supplied to the reformer 13.
  • the ammonia gas is heated by the heat of the heating element 24, and the heat of the warmed ammonia gas is transferred to the reformer 13, so that the reformer 13 raises the temperature.
  • the reforming throttle valve 15 is opened, air is supplied to the reformer 13.
  • the ammonia engine 2 is started by the starter motor 32. Then, when the main throttle valve 6 and the main injector 5 are opened, air is supplied to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2, and ammonia gas is injected from the main injector 5 to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2. Ammonia gas is supplied. As a result, the ammonia gas begins to burn in the combustion chamber 2a.
  • the energization of the heating element 24 is stopped, but the ammonia gas is ignited and burned by the reforming catalyst 13b of the reformer 13, and reformed by the combustion heat.
  • the temperature of the vessel 13 is further increased. Specifically, as shown in the following formula, a chemical reaction (oxidation reaction) occurs between a part of ammonia and oxygen in the air, so that a combustion reaction of ammonia occurs and combustion heat is generated.
  • a chemical reaction oxidation reaction
  • the reforming catalyst 13b of the reformer 13 starts reforming the ammonia gas, and a high-temperature reforming gas containing hydrogen is generated.
  • a reforming reaction occurs in which ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen by the heat of combustion of ammonia, and a reforming gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen is generated.
  • the cooling injector 20 opens, and liquid ammonia is injected from the cooling injector 20 into the reformed gas flow path 18. Then, the liquid ammonia takes heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizes it, so that ammonia gas is generated and the reformed gas is cooled. Then, the cooled reformed gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2 together with the ammonia gas. As a result, the ammonia gas burns together with the hydrogen in the reformed gas in the combustion chamber 2a. As described above, the engine system 1 is in steady operation after the warming up of the reformer 13 is completed.
  • the ammonia gas is burned in the reformer 13. .. Then, since the reformer 13 is further heated by the heat of combustion, a high-temperature reforming gas is generated in the reformer 13, and the reforming gas flows through the reforming gas flow path 18. At this time, liquid ammonia is directly injected into the reformed gas flow path 18 by the cooling injector 20. Therefore, the liquid ammonia takes heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizes, and the reformed gas is cooled.
  • the reformed gas can be effectively cooled. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce the size of the cooler 19 in the subsequent stage or to abolish the cooler 19 in the subsequent stage.
  • the liquid ammonia injected into the reforming gas flow path 18 is a substance called ammonia, which is the same as the ammonia gas supplied to the reformer 13. Therefore, since it is not necessary to prepare a plurality of types of fuel, the reformed gas can be cooled by using a simple system. As a result, it becomes possible to improve the mountability of the engine system 1. Further, it is possible to reduce the cost of the engine system 1.
  • the ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 by the ammonia gas supply unit 22. Therefore, not only the ammonia gas generated by the liquid ammonia taking heat from the high-temperature reforming gas and vaporizing it is supplied to the ammonia engine 2, but also the ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia engine 2 by the ammonia gas supply unit 22. It will be supplied. Therefore, the responsiveness of the ammonia engine 2 is improved. Further, the vaporizer 12 can be downsized by the amount that the liquid ammonia is supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18 by the liquid ammonia supply unit 27.
  • the liquid ammonia stored in the ammonia tank 11 is vaporized by the vaporizer 12 to generate ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 and the ammonia tank.
  • the liquid ammonia stored in 11 is supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18. Therefore, the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 and the liquid ammonia supplied to the reforming gas flow path 18 can be easily obtained.
  • the gaseous ammonia flow path 9 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 23 for reducing the pressure of the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13. Therefore, the supply pressure of ammonia gas to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 becomes a constant pressure.
  • the liquid ammonia flow path 26 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 28 for reducing the pressure of the liquid ammonia injected into the reforming gas flow path 18. Therefore, the supply pressure (injection pressure) of liquid ammonia to the reformed gas flow path 18 becomes a constant pressure. Further, since the injection pressures of the main injector 5, the reforming injector 16 and the cooling injector 20 are low, it is not necessary to use a highly durable and expensive injector as the main injector 5, the reforming injector 16 and the cooling injector 20.
  • the reformed gas can be cooled more effectively by using liquid ammonia having a larger latent heat of vaporization than other liquid fuels. Therefore, the reformed gas can be cooled even if the supply amount of liquid ammonia is reduced.
  • a plurality of main injectors 5 for injecting ammonia gas into each combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2 are attached to the ammonia engine 2, but the number of main injectors 5 is one. May be good.
  • the main injector 5 may be arranged so as to inject ammonia gas between the main throttle valve 6 and the ammonia engine 2 in the intake passage 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an engine system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the engine system 1A of the present embodiment does not include the main injector 5 of the above embodiment.
  • the ammonia gas generated by vaporizing the liquid ammonia supplied to the reforming gas flow path 18 is supplied to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2.
  • the engine system 1A includes an ammonia gas supply unit 22A and a controller 30A instead of the ammonia gas supply unit 22 and the controller 30 in the above embodiment.
  • the ammonia gas supply unit 22A supplies ammonia gas to the reformer 13.
  • the controller 30A sets the main throttle valve 6, the reforming throttle valve 15, the reforming injector 16, the electric heater 17, the cooling injector 20, and the starter motor 32 based on the operation signal of the ignition switch 31 and the detected value of the temperature sensor 29. Control.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing details of the control processing procedure executed by the controller 30A shown in FIG.
  • the controller 30A sequentially executes the procedures S101 to S105 in the controller 30.
  • the controller 30A controls to open the main throttle valve 6 after executing the procedure S105 (procedure S106A). After that, the controller 30A sequentially executes the procedures S107 to S110 in the controller 30.
  • liquid ammonia is injected from the cooling injector 20 and liquid ammonia is supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18. Then, the liquid ammonia takes heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizes it, so that ammonia gas is generated and the reformed gas is cooled. Then, the cooled reformed gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2 together with the ammonia gas. Then, in the combustion chamber 2a, the ammonia gas burns together with the hydrogen in the reformed gas.
  • the reformed gas can be effectively cooled by using the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid ammonia using a simple system. Further, in the present embodiment, since the main injector 5 is not required, the engine system 1A can be simplified.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
  • liquid ammonia is injected from the cooling injector 20, but the embodiment is not particularly limited.
  • the timing of injecting liquid ammonia from the cooling injector 20 may be when the temperature of the reformer 13 becomes equal to or higher than the first specified temperature, or when the main throttle valve 6 is opened, and can be changed as appropriate. Further, the cooling injector 20 may continuously inject liquid ammonia, or the cooling injector 20 may intermittently inject liquid ammonia.
  • the electric heater 17 heats the ammonia gas supplied to the reformer 13 to raise the temperature of the reformer 13 through the ammonia gas, but the temperature is particularly limited to that form. Absent.
  • the electric heater 17 may directly raise the temperature of the reformer 13 by directly heating the reformer 13. Further, a combustion type heater that burns and heats ammonia may be used.
  • the temperature of the reformer 13 is detected by the temperature sensor 29, but the present invention is not particularly limited to that mode, and the reformer 13 is based on the flow rate of ammonia gas, the flow rate of air, the time, the room temperature, and the like. You may estimate the temperature of.
  • the air flow path 14 through which the air supplied to the reformer 13 flows is branched and connected to the intake passage 3, but the present invention is not particularly limited to that form, and the intake air connected to the ammonia engine 2 is connected. Air may be supplied to the air passage 14 from a route different from that of the passage 3. In this case, it is possible to prevent the influence of the pulsation of the intake passage 3.
  • ammonia gas gaseous ammonia
  • liquid ammonia is used as the liquid fuel supplied to the reforming gas flow path 18.
  • the fuel used is not particularly limited to ammonia as long as it is the same substance, and may be, for example, an alcohol-based substance such as ethanol. Further, liquid fuel may be supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13. In this case, the vaporizer 12 becomes unnecessary.
  • the ammonia gas supply unit 22 has a reforming injector 16 that injects ammonia gas toward the reformer 13, but the embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, the reforming injector 16 Instead of, a flow rate adjusting valve may be used.
  • the other end of the gas ammonia flow path 9 is connected to the air flow path 14, and a flow rate adjusting valve is provided in the gas ammonia flow path 9. By using the flow rate adjusting valve, ammonia gas can be continuously supplied to the reformer 13.
  • the other end of the reformed gas flow path 18 is connected to the air flow path 14, but the embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, the other end of the reformed gas flow path 18 is connected to the ammonia engine.
  • An injector that injects reformed gas toward 2 or the intake passage 3 may be provided.
  • the reforming system of the above embodiment is provided in the engine system, the present invention is not particularly limited to the engine system, and can be applied to, for example, a turbine system or a fuel cell system.
  • 1,1A engine system 2 Ammonia engine (engine) 3 Intake passage 6 Main throttle valve (throttle valve) 9 Gas ammonia flow path (gas fuel flow path) 10 Reform system 11 Ammonia tank (storage part) 12 Vaporizer (Vaporizer) 13 Reformer (reformer) 17 Electric heater (heater part) 18 Reformed gas flow path 21 Air supply unit 20 Cooling injector (liquid fuel injection valve) 22 Ammonia gas supply unit (first fuel supply unit) 23 Pressure reducing valve (first pressure reducing valve) 26 Liquid ammonia flow path (liquid fuel flow path) 27 Liquid ammonia supply section (second fuel supply section) 28 Pressure reducing valve (second pressure reducing valve)

Abstract

A reformer system (10) comprising: a reformer (13) that reforms ammonia gas to generate a reformed gas that contains hydrogen; an air supply unit (21) that supplies air to the reformer (13); an ammonia gas supply unit (22) that supplies ammonia gas to the reformer (13); a reformed gas flow path (18) that conveys the reformed gas generated by the reformer (13); an electric heater (17) that increases the temperature of the reformer (13); and a liquid ammonia supply unit (27) comprising a coolant injector (20) that sprays liquid ammonia into the reformed gas flow path (18).

Description

改質システム及びエンジンシステムRemodeling system and engine system
　本発明は、改質システム及びエンジンシステムに関する。 The present invention relates to a reforming system and an engine system.
　例えば特許文献１に記載されているように、エンジンに適用された改質システムが従来から知られている。特許文献１に記載の改質システムは、気体のアンモニアを触媒により分解して水素を生成する分解器と、この分解器に気体のアンモニアを供給するアンモニア供給管と、分解器に空気を供給する空気供給管と、分解器で生成された水素を含む気体が流出する流出管と、この流出管に接続され、分解器から流出した高温の気体を冷却する冷却器とを備えている。 For example, as described in Patent Document 1, a reforming system applied to an engine has been conventionally known. The reforming system described in Patent Document 1 is a cracker that decomposes gaseous ammonia with a catalyst to generate hydrogen, an ammonia supply pipe that supplies gaseous ammonia to the cracker, and air to the cracker. It is provided with an air supply pipe, an outflow pipe from which a gas containing hydrogen generated by the decomposer flows out, and a cooler connected to the outflow pipe to cool the high-temperature gas flowing out from the decomposer.
特再公表２０１２－０９０７３９号公報Special Republication 2012-090739
　しかしながら、上記従来技術においては、以下の問題点が存在する。即ち、触媒により気体のアンモニアを改質する際には、アンモニアの一部を燃焼させ（酸化反応）、その燃焼熱を利用して残りのアンモニアを乖離させて、水素を含む改質ガスを取り出している。しかし、燃焼熱は数百度の高温となるため、改質ガスも同程度の高温となる。従って、改質ガスをエンジンに供給するためには、分解器の下流側に大型の冷却器を配置する必要があり、搭載性の悪化及びコストアップにつながる。 However, the above-mentioned conventional technology has the following problems. That is, when reforming gaseous ammonia with a catalyst, a part of the ammonia is burned (oxidation reaction), and the remaining ammonia is separated by using the combustion heat to take out the reformed gas containing hydrogen. ing. However, since the heat of combustion becomes a high temperature of several hundred degrees, the reformed gas also becomes a high temperature of the same degree. Therefore, in order to supply the reformed gas to the engine, it is necessary to dispose a large cooler on the downstream side of the decomposer, which leads to deterioration of mountability and cost increase.
　本発明の目的は、単純なシステムを用いて改質ガスを効果的に冷却することができる改質システム及びエンジンシステムを提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a reforming system and an engine system capable of effectively cooling a reforming gas using a simple system.
　本発明の一態様に係る改質システムは、燃料を改質して水素を含有した改質ガスを生成する改質部と、改質部に空気を供給する空気供給部と、改質部に燃料を供給する第１燃料供給部と、改質部により生成された改質ガスが流れる改質ガス流路と、改質部を昇温させるヒータ部と、改質ガス流路に燃料と同じ物質の液体燃料を噴射する液体燃料噴射弁を有する第２燃料供給部とを備える。 The reforming system according to one aspect of the present invention includes a reforming section that reforms fuel to generate a reforming gas containing hydrogen, an air supply section that supplies air to the reforming section, and a reforming section. The first fuel supply section that supplies fuel, the reforming gas flow path through which the reforming gas generated by the reforming section flows, the heater section that raises the temperature of the reforming section, and the reforming gas flow path are the same as fuel. It is provided with a second fuel supply unit having a liquid fuel injection valve for injecting a material liquid fuel.
　このような改質システムでは、改質部に空気及び燃料が供給されると共に、ヒータ部により改質部が昇温すると、改質部において燃料が燃焼する。すると、燃焼熱によって改質部が更に昇温するため、改質部において高温の改質ガスが生成され、その改質ガスが改質ガス流路を流れる。このとき、改質ガス流路には、液体燃料噴射弁により液体燃料が直接噴射される。このため、液体燃料が高温の改質ガスから熱を奪って気化し、改質ガスが冷却される。このように液体燃料の気化潜熱を利用することで、改質ガスを効果的に冷却することができる。また、改質ガス流路に噴射される液体燃料は、改質部に供給される燃料と同じ物質である。従って、複数種類の燃料を用意しなくて済むため、単純なシステムを用いて改質ガスを冷却することができる。 In such a reforming system, air and fuel are supplied to the reforming section, and when the temperature of the reforming section rises due to the heater section, the fuel burns in the reforming section. Then, since the reformed portion is further heated by the heat of combustion, a high-temperature reformed gas is generated in the reformed portion, and the reformed gas flows through the reformed gas flow path. At this time, the liquid fuel is directly injected into the reformed gas flow path by the liquid fuel injection valve. Therefore, the liquid fuel takes heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizes, and the reformed gas is cooled. By utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid fuel in this way, the reformed gas can be effectively cooled. The liquid fuel injected into the reformed gas flow path is the same substance as the fuel supplied to the reformed section. Therefore, since it is not necessary to prepare a plurality of types of fuel, the reformed gas can be cooled by using a simple system.
　改質システムは、液体燃料を貯蔵する貯蔵部と、貯蔵部に貯蔵された液体燃料を気化させて気体燃料を生成する気化部とを備え、第１燃料供給部は、気化部により生成された気体燃料が流れる気体燃料流路を有し、第２燃料供給部は、貯蔵部に貯蔵された液体燃料が流れる液体燃料流路を有してもよい。このような構成では、改質部に供給される気体燃料と改質ガス流路に供給される液体燃料とを簡単に取得することができる。 The reforming system includes a storage unit for storing liquid fuel and a vaporization unit for vaporizing the liquid fuel stored in the storage unit to generate gaseous fuel, and the first fuel supply unit is generated by the vaporization unit. The second fuel supply unit may have a liquid fuel flow path through which the liquid fuel stored in the storage unit flows, and has a gas fuel flow path through which the gas fuel flows. With such a configuration, the gaseous fuel supplied to the reforming section and the liquid fuel supplied to the reforming gas flow path can be easily obtained.
　気体燃料流路には、改質部に供給される気体燃料を減圧する第１減圧弁が配設されており、液体燃料流路には、改質ガス流路に噴射される液体燃料を減圧する第２減圧弁が配設されていてもよい。このような構成では、改質部に対する気体燃料の供給圧が一定圧になると共に、改質ガス流路に対する液体燃料の供給圧（噴射圧）が一定圧になる。 The gas fuel flow path is provided with a first pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the gaseous fuel supplied to the reforming section, and the liquid fuel flow path reduces the pressure of the liquid fuel injected into the reforming gas flow path. A second pressure reducing valve may be provided. In such a configuration, the supply pressure of the gaseous fuel to the reformed portion becomes a constant pressure, and the supply pressure (injection pressure) of the liquid fuel to the reformed gas flow path becomes a constant pressure.
　気体燃料は気体アンモニアであり、液体燃料は液体アンモニアであってもよい。液体アンモニアは、他の液体燃料に比べて気化潜熱が大きい。このため、液体燃料として液体アンモニアを使用することで、改質ガスをより効果的に冷却することができる。従って、液体アンモニアの供給量を少なくしても、改質ガスを冷却することができる。 The gaseous fuel may be gaseous ammonia and the liquid fuel may be liquid ammonia. Liquid ammonia has a larger latent heat of vaporization than other liquid fuels. Therefore, by using liquid ammonia as the liquid fuel, the reformed gas can be cooled more effectively. Therefore, the reformed gas can be cooled even if the supply amount of liquid ammonia is reduced.
　本発明の他の態様に係るエンジンシステムは、エンジンと、エンジンに供給される空気が流れる吸気通路と、吸気通路に配設され、エンジンに供給される空気の流量を制御するスロットルバルブと、燃料を改質して水素を含有した改質ガスを生成する改質部と、改質部に空気を供給する空気供給部と、改質部に燃料を供給する第１燃料供給部と、改質部により生成された改質ガスがエンジンに向けて流れる改質ガス流路と、改質部を昇温させるヒータ部と、改質ガス流路に燃料と同じ物質の液体燃料を噴射する液体燃料噴射弁を有する第２燃料供給部とを備える。 The engine system according to another aspect of the present invention includes an engine, an intake passage through which air supplied to the engine flows, a throttle valve arranged in the intake passage and controlling the flow rate of air supplied to the engine, and fuel. A reforming section that reforms to generate a reforming gas containing hydrogen, an air supply section that supplies air to the reforming section, a first fuel supply section that supplies fuel to the reforming section, and a reforming section. A reformed gas flow path through which the reformed gas generated by the unit flows toward the engine, a heater unit that raises the temperature of the reformed unit, and a liquid fuel that injects liquid fuel of the same substance as the fuel into the reformed gas flow path. It includes a second fuel supply unit having an injection valve.
　このようなエンジンシステムでは、改質部に空気及び燃料が供給されると共に、ヒータ部により改質部が昇温すると、改質部において燃料が燃焼する。すると、燃焼熱によって改質部が更に昇温するため、改質部において高温の改質ガスが生成され、その改質ガスが改質ガス流路を流れる。このとき、改質ガス流路には、液体燃料噴射弁により液体燃料が直接噴射される。このため、液体燃料が高温の改質ガスから熱を奪って気化し、改質ガスが冷却される。このように液体燃料の気化潜熱を利用することで、改質ガスを効果的に冷却することができる。また、改質ガス流路に噴射される液体燃料は、改質部に供給される燃料と同じ物質である。従って、複数種類の燃料を用意しなくて済むため、単純なシステムを用いて改質ガスを冷却することができる。 In such an engine system, air and fuel are supplied to the reforming section, and when the temperature of the reforming section rises due to the heater section, the fuel burns in the reforming section. Then, since the reformed portion is further heated by the heat of combustion, a high-temperature reformed gas is generated in the reformed portion, and the reformed gas flows through the reformed gas flow path. At this time, the liquid fuel is directly injected into the reformed gas flow path by the liquid fuel injection valve. Therefore, the liquid fuel takes heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizes, and the reformed gas is cooled. By utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid fuel in this way, the reformed gas can be effectively cooled. The liquid fuel injected into the reformed gas flow path is the same substance as the fuel supplied to the reformed section. Therefore, since it is not necessary to prepare a plurality of types of fuel, the reformed gas can be cooled by using a simple system.
　第１燃料供給部は、エンジン及び改質部に燃料を供給してもよい。このような構成では、液体燃料が高温の改質ガスから熱を奪って気化することで生成される気体燃料がエンジンに供給されるだけでなく、第１燃料供給部によりエンジンに燃料が供給されることになる。従って、エンジンの応答性が良くなる。 The first fuel supply unit may supply fuel to the engine and the reforming unit. In such a configuration, not only the gaseous fuel produced by the liquid fuel taking heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizing it is supplied to the engine, but also the fuel is supplied to the engine by the first fuel supply unit. Will be. Therefore, the responsiveness of the engine is improved.
　本発明によれば、単純なシステムを用いて改質ガスを効果的に冷却することができる。 According to the present invention, the reformed gas can be effectively cooled by using a simple system.
本発明の一実施形態に係るエンジンシステムを示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows the engine system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 図１に示されたコントローラにより実行される制御処理手順の詳細を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the detail of the control processing procedure executed by the controller shown in FIG. 本発明の他の実施形態に係るエンジンシステムを示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows the engine system which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. 図３に示されたコントローラにより実行される制御処理手順の詳細を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the detail of the control processing procedure executed by the controller shown in FIG.
　以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、図面において、同一または同等の要素には同じ符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or equivalent elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.
　図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る改質システムを具備したエンジンシステムを示す概略構成図である。図１において、本実施形態のエンジンシステム１は、車両に搭載されている。エンジンシステム１は、アンモニアエンジン２と、吸気通路３と、排気通路４と、複数（ここでは４つ）のメインインジェクタ５と、メインスロットルバルブ６とを備えている。 FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an engine system including a reforming system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the engine system 1 of the present embodiment is mounted on a vehicle. The engine system 1 includes an ammonia engine 2, an intake passage 3, an exhaust passage 4, a plurality of (four in this case) main injectors 5, and a main throttle valve 6.
　アンモニアエンジン２は、アンモニア（ＮＨ３）を燃料として使用するエンジンである。アンモニアエンジン２は、例えば４気筒エンジンであり、４つの燃焼室２ａを有している。アンモニアエンジン２には、アンモニアと共に水素（Ｈ２）が供給される（後述）。 The ammonia engine 2 is an engine that uses ammonia (NH 3 ) as fuel. The ammonia engine 2 is, for example, a 4-cylinder engine and has four combustion chambers 2a. Hydrogen (H 2 ) is supplied to the ammonia engine 2 together with ammonia (described later).
　吸気通路３は、燃焼室２ａに接続されている。吸気通路３は、燃焼室２ａに供給される空気が流れる通路である。吸気通路３には、空気に含まれる塵及び埃等の異物を除去するエアクリーナ７が配設されている。 The intake passage 3 is connected to the combustion chamber 2a. The intake passage 3 is a passage through which the air supplied to the combustion chamber 2a flows. An air cleaner 7 for removing dust and foreign matter such as dust contained in the air is provided in the intake passage 3.
　排気通路４は、燃焼室２ａに接続されている。排気通路４は、燃焼室２ａから発生した排気ガスが流れる通路である。排気通路４には、排気ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）及びアンモニア等の有害物質を除去する排気浄化触媒８が配設されている。排気浄化触媒８としては、例えば三元触媒やＳＣＲ（Selective Catalytic Reduction）触媒等が用いられる。 The exhaust passage 4 is connected to the combustion chamber 2a. The exhaust passage 4 is a passage through which the exhaust gas generated from the combustion chamber 2a flows. An exhaust purification catalyst 8 for removing harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia contained in the exhaust gas is arranged in the exhaust passage 4. As the exhaust gas purification catalyst 8, for example, a three-way catalyst, an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst, or the like is used.
　メインインジェクタ５は、燃焼室２ａにアンモニアガス（ＮＨ３ガス）を噴射する電磁式の燃料噴射弁である。メインインジェクタ５は、後述する気化器１２と気体アンモニア流路９を介して接続されている。メインインジェクタ５は、アンモニアエンジン２に取り付けられている。 The main injector 5 is an electromagnetic type fuel injection valve for injecting ammonia gas (NH 3 gas) into the combustion chamber 2a. The main injector 5 is connected to a vaporizer 12 described later via a gaseous ammonia flow path 9. The main injector 5 is attached to the ammonia engine 2.
　メインスロットルバルブ６は、吸気通路３におけるエアクリーナ７とアンモニアエンジン２との間に配設されている。メインスロットルバルブ６は、アンモニアエンジン２に供給される空気の流量を制御する電磁式の流量制御弁である。 The main throttle valve 6 is arranged between the air cleaner 7 and the ammonia engine 2 in the intake passage 3. The main throttle valve 6 is an electromagnetic flow rate control valve that controls the flow rate of air supplied to the ammonia engine 2.
　また、エンジンシステム１は、アンモニアガスの改質を行う改質システム１０を具備している。改質システム１０は、アンモニアタンク１１と、気化器１２と、改質器１３と、空気流路１４と、改質スロットルバルブ１５と、改質インジェクタ１６と、電気ヒータ１７と、改質ガス流路１８と、クーラ１９と、冷却インジェクタ２０とを備えている。 Further, the engine system 1 is provided with a reforming system 10 for reforming ammonia gas. The reforming system 10 includes an ammonia tank 11, a vaporizer 12, a reformer 13, an air flow path 14, a reforming throttle valve 15, a reforming injector 16, an electric heater 17, and a reforming gas flow. The road 18, the cooler 19, and the cooling injector 20 are provided.
　アンモニアタンク１１は、アンモニアを液体状態で貯蔵する貯蔵部である。つまり、アンモニアタンク１１は、液体アンモニア（液体燃料）を貯蔵する。気化器１２は、アンモニアタンク１１に貯蔵された液体アンモニアを気化させて、気体アンモニア（気体燃料）であるアンモニアガスを生成する気化部である。液体アンモニアは、気体アンモニアと同じ物質である。同じ物質とは、物質の化学式が同じということである。 Ammonia tank 11 is a storage unit that stores ammonia in a liquid state. That is, the ammonia tank 11 stores liquid ammonia (liquid fuel). The vaporizer 12 is a vaporizer unit that vaporizes the liquid ammonia stored in the ammonia tank 11 to generate ammonia gas, which is gaseous ammonia (gas fuel). Liquid ammonia is the same substance as gaseous ammonia. The same substance means that the substance has the same chemical formula.
　改質器１３は、アンモニアガスを改質して、水素を含有した改質ガスを生成する改質部である。改質器１３は、例えばハニカム構造を呈する担体１３ａを有している。担体１３ａには、アンモニアガスを水素に分解する改質触媒１３ｂが塗布されている。改質触媒１３ｂは、アンモニアガスを水素に分解する機能に加え、アンモニアガスを燃焼させる機能も有している。改質触媒１３ｂは、ＡＴＲ（Autothermal Reformer）式アンモニア改質触媒である。なお、改質触媒１３ｂとして低温反応触媒を採用してもよい。 The reformer 13 is a reforming unit that reforms ammonia gas to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen. The reformer 13 has, for example, a carrier 13a exhibiting a honeycomb structure. The carrier 13a is coated with a reforming catalyst 13b that decomposes ammonia gas into hydrogen. The reforming catalyst 13b has a function of burning ammonia gas in addition to a function of decomposing ammonia gas into hydrogen. The reforming catalyst 13b is an ATR (Autothermal Reformer) type ammonia reforming catalyst. A low temperature reaction catalyst may be used as the reforming catalyst 13b.
　空気流路１４は、吸気通路３と改質器１３とを接続している。具体的には、空気流路１４の一端は、吸気通路３におけるエアクリーナ７とメインスロットルバルブ６との間の部分に分岐接続されている。空気流路１４の他端は、改質器１３に接続されている。空気流路１４は、改質器１３に供給される空気が流れる流路である。 The air passage 14 connects the intake passage 3 and the reformer 13. Specifically, one end of the air flow path 14 is branched and connected to a portion of the intake passage 3 between the air cleaner 7 and the main throttle valve 6. The other end of the air flow path 14 is connected to the reformer 13. The air flow path 14 is a flow path through which the air supplied to the reformer 13 flows.
　改質スロットルバルブ１５は、空気流路１４に配設されている。改質スロットルバルブ１５は、改質器１３に供給される空気の流量を制御する電磁式の流量制御弁である。空気流路１４及び改質スロットルバルブ１５は、改質器１３に空気を供給する空気供給部２１を構成している。 The reforming throttle valve 15 is arranged in the air flow path 14. The reforming throttle valve 15 is an electromagnetic flow rate control valve that controls the flow rate of air supplied to the reformer 13. The air flow path 14 and the reforming throttle valve 15 constitute an air supply unit 21 that supplies air to the reformer 13.
　改質インジェクタ１６は、気化器１２と気体アンモニア流路９を介して接続されている。気体アンモニア流路９は、気化器１２により生成されたアンモニアガスが流れる気体燃料流路である。改質インジェクタ１６は、改質器１３に向けて気体燃料であるアンモニアガスを噴射する電磁式の燃料噴射弁である。具体的は、改質インジェクタ１６は、空気流路１４における改質スロットルバルブ１５と改質器１３との間にアンモニアガスを噴射する。従って、空気流路１４における改質スロットルバルブ１５と改質器１３との間の部分には、空気及びアンモニアガスが流れることとなる。 The reforming injector 16 is connected to the vaporizer 12 via the gaseous ammonia flow path 9. The gaseous ammonia flow path 9 is a gas fuel flow path through which the ammonia gas generated by the vaporizer 12 flows. The reforming injector 16 is an electromagnetic fuel injection valve that injects ammonia gas, which is a gaseous fuel, toward the reformer 13. Specifically, the reforming injector 16 injects ammonia gas between the reforming throttle valve 15 and the reformer 13 in the air flow path 14. Therefore, air and ammonia gas flow through the portion of the air flow path 14 between the reforming throttle valve 15 and the reformer 13.
　気体アンモニア流路９、メインインジェクタ５、改質インジェクタ１６及び空気流路１４は、アンモニアエンジン２及び改質器１３にアンモニアガスを供給するアンモニアガス供給部２２（第１燃料供給部）を構成している。 The gaseous ammonia flow path 9, the main injector 5, the reforming injector 16, and the air flow path 14 constitute an ammonia gas supply unit 22 (first fuel supply unit) that supplies ammonia gas to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13. ing.
　気体アンモニア流路９には、減圧弁２３が配設されている。減圧弁２３は、アンモニアエンジン２及び改質器１３に供給されるアンモニアガスを減圧する第１減圧弁である。減圧弁２３は、アンモニアエンジン２及び改質器１３に供給されるアンモニアガスの圧力を所定圧に保持する。 A pressure reducing valve 23 is provided in the gaseous ammonia flow path 9. The pressure reducing valve 23 is a first pressure reducing valve that reduces the pressure of ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13. The pressure reducing valve 23 maintains the pressure of the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 at a predetermined pressure.
　電気ヒータ１７は、改質器１３に供給されるアンモニアガスを加熱することにより、改質器１３をアンモニアガスを通して昇温させるヒータ部である。電気ヒータ１７は、空気流路１４に配設された発熱体２４と、この発熱体２４を通電する電源２５とを有している。発熱体２４は、例えばハニカム構造を呈している。電気ヒータ１７により加熱されたアンモニアガスの熱が改質器１３に伝達されることで、改質器１３が昇温する。 The electric heater 17 is a heater unit that raises the temperature of the reformer 13 through the ammonia gas by heating the ammonia gas supplied to the reformer 13. The electric heater 17 has a heating element 24 arranged in the air flow path 14 and a power supply 25 for energizing the heating element 24. The heating element 24 has, for example, a honeycomb structure. The heat of the ammonia gas heated by the electric heater 17 is transferred to the reformer 13, so that the temperature of the reformer 13 rises.
　改質ガス流路１８は、改質器１３と吸気通路３とを接続している。具体的には、改質ガス流路１８の一端は、改質器１３に接続されている。改質ガス流路１８の他端は、吸気通路３におけるメインスロットルバルブ６とアンモニアエンジン２との間の部分に分岐接続されている。改質ガス流路１８は、改質器１３により生成された改質ガスがアンモニアエンジン２に向けて流れる流路である。 The reformed gas flow path 18 connects the reformer 13 and the intake passage 3. Specifically, one end of the reforming gas flow path 18 is connected to the reformer 13. The other end of the reformed gas flow path 18 is branched and connected to a portion of the intake passage 3 between the main throttle valve 6 and the ammonia engine 2. The reformed gas flow path 18 is a flow path through which the reformed gas generated by the reformer 13 flows toward the ammonia engine 2.
　クーラ１９は、改質ガス流路１８に配設されている。クーラ１９は、アンモニアエンジン２に供給される改質ガスを冷却する。クーラ１９は、例えばエンジン冷却水との熱交換によって改質ガスを冷却する。 The cooler 19 is arranged in the reformed gas flow path 18. The cooler 19 cools the reformed gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2. The cooler 19 cools the reformed gas by, for example, heat exchange with the engine cooling water.
　冷却インジェクタ２０は、アンモニアタンク１１と液体アンモニア流路２６を介して接続されている。液体アンモニア流路２６は、アンモニアタンク１１に貯蔵された液体アンモニアが流れる液体燃料流路である。冷却インジェクタ２０は、改質ガス流路１８に液体アンモニアを噴射することにより、気化潜熱を利用して改質ガスを冷却する電磁式の液体燃料噴射弁である。具体的は、冷却インジェクタ２０は、改質ガス流路１８における改質器１３とクーラ１９との間に液体アンモニアを噴射する。 The cooling injector 20 is connected to the ammonia tank 11 via the liquid ammonia flow path 26. The liquid ammonia flow path 26 is a liquid fuel flow path through which the liquid ammonia stored in the ammonia tank 11 flows. The cooling injector 20 is an electromagnetic liquid fuel injection valve that cools the reformed gas by injecting liquid ammonia into the reformed gas flow path 18 by utilizing the latent heat of vaporization. Specifically, the cooling injector 20 injects liquid ammonia between the reformer 13 and the cooler 19 in the reforming gas flow path 18.
　液体アンモニア流路２６及び冷却インジェクタ２０は、改質ガス流路１８に液体アンモニアを供給する液体アンモニア供給部２７（第２燃料供給部）を構成している。 The liquid ammonia flow path 26 and the cooling injector 20 form a liquid ammonia supply unit 27 (second fuel supply unit) that supplies liquid ammonia to the reformed gas flow path 18.
　このように冷却インジェクタ２０を有する液体アンモニア供給部２７をクーラ１９と共に備えることにより、メインスロットルバルブ６等の吸気系部品が熱により損傷することが防止されると共に、改質ガスの体積膨張が抑制されるため、空気がアンモニアエンジン２の燃焼室２ａに十分に吸入されやすくなる。 By providing the liquid ammonia supply unit 27 having the cooling injector 20 together with the cooler 19, it is possible to prevent the intake system parts such as the main throttle valve 6 from being damaged by heat and to suppress the volume expansion of the reformed gas. Therefore, the air is sufficiently easily sucked into the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2.
　液体アンモニア流路２６には、減圧弁２８が配設されている。減圧弁２８は、改質ガス流路１８に供給される液体アンモニアを減圧する第２減圧弁である。減圧弁２８は、改質ガス流路１８に供給される液体アンモニアの圧力を所定圧に保持する。 A pressure reducing valve 28 is provided in the liquid ammonia flow path 26. The pressure reducing valve 28 is a second pressure reducing valve that reduces the pressure of liquid ammonia supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18. The pressure reducing valve 28 maintains the pressure of the liquid ammonia supplied to the reforming gas flow path 18 at a predetermined pressure.
　また、改質システム１０は、温度センサ２９と、コントローラ３０とを備えている。温度センサ２９は、改質器１３の温度を検出するセンサである。温度センサ２９は、例えば改質器１３の改質触媒１３ｂの上流側端部の温度を検出する。 Further, the reforming system 10 includes a temperature sensor 29 and a controller 30. The temperature sensor 29 is a sensor that detects the temperature of the reformer 13. The temperature sensor 29 detects, for example, the temperature at the upstream end of the reforming catalyst 13b of the reformer 13.
　コントローラ３０は、ＣＰＵ、ＲＡＭ、ＲＯＭ及び入出力インターフェース等により構成されている。コントローラ３０には、イグニッションスイッチ３１（ＩＧスイッチ）及びスタータモータ３２が接続されている。イグニッションスイッチ３１は、車両の運転者がアンモニアエンジン２の始動及び停止を指示するための手動操作スイッチである。スタータモータ３２は、アンモニアエンジン２を始動させるモータである。 The controller 30 is composed of a CPU, RAM, ROM, an input / output interface, and the like. An ignition switch 31 (IG switch) and a starter motor 32 are connected to the controller 30. The ignition switch 31 is a manually operated switch for instructing the driver of the vehicle to start and stop the ammonia engine 2. The starter motor 32 is a motor for starting the ammonia engine 2.
　コントローラ３０は、イグニッションスイッチ３１の操作信号と温度センサ２９の検出値とに基づいて、メインインジェクタ５、メインスロットルバルブ６、改質スロットルバルブ１５、改質インジェクタ１６、電気ヒータ１７、冷却インジェクタ２０及びスタータモータ３２を制御する。 The controller 30 includes the main injector 5, the main throttle valve 6, the reforming throttle valve 15, the reforming injector 16, the electric heater 17, the cooling injector 20, and the cooling injector 20 based on the operation signal of the ignition switch 31 and the detected value of the temperature sensor 29. The starter motor 32 is controlled.
　図２は、コントローラ３０により実行される制御処理手順の詳細を示すフローチャートである。本処理は、アンモニアエンジン２の始動時に実行される。本処理の実行前には、メインインジェクタ５、メインスロットルバルブ６、改質スロットルバルブ１５、改質インジェクタ１６及び冷却インジェクタ２０は、閉じた状態となっている。 FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing details of the control processing procedure executed by the controller 30. This process is executed when the ammonia engine 2 is started. Before the execution of this process, the main injector 5, the main throttle valve 6, the reforming throttle valve 15, the reforming injector 16, and the cooling injector 20 are in a closed state.
　図２において、コントローラ３０は、まずイグニッションスイッチ３１の操作信号に基づいて、イグニッションスイッチ３１がＯＮ操作されたかどうかを判断する（手順Ｓ１０１）。コントローラ３０は、イグニッションスイッチ３１がＯＮ操作されたと判断したときは、電気ヒータ１７の発熱体２４を通電するように電源２５を制御する（手順Ｓ１０２）。これにより、発熱体２４が発熱するようになる。 In FIG. 2, the controller 30 first determines whether or not the ignition switch 31 has been turned ON based on the operation signal of the ignition switch 31 (procedure S101). When the controller 30 determines that the ignition switch 31 has been turned on, the controller 30 controls the power supply 25 so as to energize the heating element 24 of the electric heater 17 (procedure S102). As a result, the heating element 24 generates heat.
　そして、コントローラ３０は、改質インジェクタ１６を開くように制御する（手順Ｓ１０３）。これにより、改質インジェクタ１６からアンモニアガスが噴射し、改質器１３にアンモニアガスが供給される。このとき、発熱体２４によりアンモニアガスが加熱されるため、アンモニアガスの熱によって改質器１３が昇温する。続いて、コントローラ３０は、改質スロットルバルブ１５を開くように制御する（手順Ｓ１０４）。これにより、改質器１３に空気が供給される。 Then, the controller 30 controls to open the reforming injector 16 (procedure S103). As a result, ammonia gas is injected from the reforming injector 16 and the ammonia gas is supplied to the reformer 13. At this time, since the ammonia gas is heated by the heating element 24, the temperature of the reformer 13 is raised by the heat of the ammonia gas. Subsequently, the controller 30 controls to open the reforming throttle valve 15 (procedure S104). As a result, air is supplied to the reformer 13.
　そして、コントローラ３０は、アンモニアエンジン２をクランキングさせるようにスタータモータ３２を制御する（手順Ｓ１０５）。これにより、アンモニアエンジン２が始動する。 Then, the controller 30 controls the starter motor 32 so as to crank the ammonia engine 2 (procedure S105). As a result, the ammonia engine 2 is started.
　続いて、コントローラ３０は、メインスロットルバルブ６を開くように制御すると共に、メインインジェクタ５を開くように制御する（手順Ｓ１０６）。これにより、アンモニアエンジン２に空気が供給されると共に、メインインジェクタ５からアンモニアガスが噴射し、アンモニアエンジン２にアンモニアガスが供給される。 Subsequently, the controller 30 controls to open the main throttle valve 6 and also controls to open the main injector 5 (procedure S106). As a result, air is supplied to the ammonia engine 2, ammonia gas is injected from the main injector 5, and ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia engine 2.
　続いて、コントローラ３０は、温度センサ２９の検出値に基づいて、改質器１３の温度が第１規定温度以上であるかどうかを判断する（手順Ｓ１０７）。第１規定温度は、アンモニアガスの燃焼が可能となる温度であり、例えば２００℃程度である。コントローラ３０は、改質器１３の温度が第１規定温度以上であると判断したときは、発熱体２４の通電を停止させるように電源２５を制御する（手順Ｓ１０８）。改質器１３の温度が第１規定温度以上になると、改質器１３においてアンモニアガスが燃焼し、その燃焼熱によって改質器１３が更に昇温する。 Subsequently, the controller 30 determines whether or not the temperature of the reformer 13 is equal to or higher than the first specified temperature based on the detected value of the temperature sensor 29 (procedure S107). The first specified temperature is a temperature at which ammonia gas can be burned, and is, for example, about 200 ° C. When the controller 30 determines that the temperature of the reformer 13 is equal to or higher than the first specified temperature, the controller 30 controls the power supply 25 so as to stop the energization of the heating element 24 (procedure S108). When the temperature of the reformer 13 becomes equal to or higher than the first specified temperature, ammonia gas is burned in the reformer 13, and the heat of the combustion further raises the temperature of the reformer 13.
　続いて、コントローラ３０は、温度センサ２９の検出値に基づいて、改質器１３の温度が第２規定温度以上であるかどうかを判断する（手順Ｓ１０９）。第２規定温度は、例えばアンモニアガスの改質が可能となる温度であり、例えば３００℃～４００℃程度である。コントローラ３０は、改質器１３の温度が第２規定温度以上であると判断したときは、冷却インジェクタ２０を開くように制御する（手順Ｓ１１０）。これにより、冷却インジェクタ２０から液体アンモニアが噴射し、改質ガス流路１８に液体アンモニアが供給される。 Subsequently, the controller 30 determines whether or not the temperature of the reformer 13 is equal to or higher than the second specified temperature based on the detected value of the temperature sensor 29 (procedure S109). The second specified temperature is, for example, a temperature at which ammonia gas can be reformed, and is, for example, about 300 ° C. to 400 ° C. When the controller 30 determines that the temperature of the reformer 13 is equal to or higher than the second specified temperature, the controller 30 controls the cooling injector 20 to open (procedure S110). As a result, liquid ammonia is injected from the cooling injector 20 and liquid ammonia is supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18.
　なお、コントローラ３０により実行される制御処理手順としては、特に上記のフローには限られない。例えば、手順Ｓ１０５は、手順Ｓ１０７の後に実行されてもよい。 Note that the control processing procedure executed by the controller 30 is not particularly limited to the above flow. For example, step S105 may be performed after step S107.
　以上のようなエンジンシステム１において、イグニッションスイッチ３１がＯＮ操作されると、電気ヒータ１７の発熱体２４が通電され、発熱体２４が発熱する。そして、改質インジェクタ１６が開弁することで、改質インジェクタ１６からアンモニアガスが噴射し、改質器１３にアンモニアガスが供給される。このとき、発熱体２４の熱によってアンモニアガスが加熱され、暖められたアンモニアガスの熱が改質器１３に伝達されるため、改質器１３が昇温する。そして、改質スロットルバルブ１５が開弁することで、改質器１３に空気が供給される。 In the engine system 1 as described above, when the ignition switch 31 is turned on, the heating element 24 of the electric heater 17 is energized and the heating element 24 generates heat. Then, when the reforming injector 16 opens, ammonia gas is injected from the reforming injector 16 and the ammonia gas is supplied to the reformer 13. At this time, the ammonia gas is heated by the heat of the heating element 24, and the heat of the warmed ammonia gas is transferred to the reformer 13, so that the reformer 13 raises the temperature. Then, when the reforming throttle valve 15 is opened, air is supplied to the reformer 13.
　続いて、スタータモータ３２によりアンモニアエンジン２が始動する。そして、メインスロットルバルブ６及びメインインジェクタ５が開弁することで、アンモニアエンジン２の燃焼室２ａに空気が供給されると共に、メインインジェクタ５からアンモニアガスが噴射し、アンモニアエンジン２の燃焼室２ａにアンモニアガスが供給される。これにより、燃焼室２ａにおいてアンモニアガスが燃焼し始める。 Subsequently, the ammonia engine 2 is started by the starter motor 32. Then, when the main throttle valve 6 and the main injector 5 are opened, air is supplied to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2, and ammonia gas is injected from the main injector 5 to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2. Ammonia gas is supplied. As a result, the ammonia gas begins to burn in the combustion chamber 2a.
　改質器１３の温度が第１規定温度に達すると、発熱体２４の通電が停止するが、改質器１３の改質触媒１３ｂによってアンモニアガスが着火して燃焼し、その燃焼熱によって改質器１３が更に昇温する。具体的には、下記式のように、一部のアンモニアと空気中の酸素とが化学反応（酸化反応）することで、アンモニアの燃焼反応が起こり、燃焼熱が発生する。
　　　　ＮＨ３＋３／４Ｏ２→１／２Ｎ２＋３／２Ｈ２Ｏ＋Ｑ When the temperature of the reformer 13 reaches the first specified temperature, the energization of the heating element 24 is stopped, but the ammonia gas is ignited and burned by the reforming catalyst 13b of the reformer 13, and reformed by the combustion heat. The temperature of the vessel 13 is further increased. Specifically, as shown in the following formula, a chemical reaction (oxidation reaction) occurs between a part of ammonia and oxygen in the air, so that a combustion reaction of ammonia occurs and combustion heat is generated.
NH 3 + 3/4O 2 → 1 / 2N 2 + 3 / 2H 2 O + Q
　そして、改質器１３の温度が第２規定温度に達すると、改質器１３の改質触媒１３ｂによってアンモニアガスの改質が開始され、水素を含有した高温の改質ガスが生成される。具体的には、下記式のように、アンモニアの燃焼熱によってアンモニアが水素と窒素とに分解される改質反応が起こり、水素及び窒素を含む改質ガスが生成される。
　　　　ＮＨ３→３／２Ｈ２＋１／２Ｎ２－Ｑ Then, when the temperature of the reformer 13 reaches the second specified temperature, the reforming catalyst 13b of the reformer 13 starts reforming the ammonia gas, and a high-temperature reforming gas containing hydrogen is generated. Specifically, as shown in the following formula, a reforming reaction occurs in which ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen by the heat of combustion of ammonia, and a reforming gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen is generated.
NH 3 → 3 / 2H 2 + 1 / 2N 2- Q
　このとき、冷却インジェクタ２０が開弁し、冷却インジェクタ２０から改質ガス流路１８に液体アンモニアが噴射する。すると、液体アンモニアが高温の改質ガスから熱を奪い取って気化することで、アンモニアガスが生成されると共に改質ガスが冷却される。そして、冷やされた改質ガスがアンモニアガスと共にアンモニアエンジン２の燃焼室２ａに供給される。これにより、燃焼室２ａにおいてアンモニアガスが改質ガス中の水素と共に燃焼するようになる。以上により、エンジンシステム１は、改質器１３の暖気が完了した後の定常動作となる。 At this time, the cooling injector 20 opens, and liquid ammonia is injected from the cooling injector 20 into the reformed gas flow path 18. Then, the liquid ammonia takes heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizes it, so that ammonia gas is generated and the reformed gas is cooled. Then, the cooled reformed gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2 together with the ammonia gas. As a result, the ammonia gas burns together with the hydrogen in the reformed gas in the combustion chamber 2a. As described above, the engine system 1 is in steady operation after the warming up of the reformer 13 is completed.
　以上のように本実施形態にあっては、改質器１３に空気及びアンモニアガスが供給されると共に、電気ヒータ１７により改質器１３が昇温すると、改質器１３においてアンモニアガスが燃焼する。すると、燃焼熱によって改質器１３が更に昇温するため、改質器１３において高温の改質ガスが生成され、その改質ガスが改質ガス流路１８を流れる。このとき、改質ガス流路１８には、冷却インジェクタ２０により液体アンモニアが直接噴射される。このため、液体アンモニアが高温の改質ガスから熱を奪って気化し、改質ガスが冷却される。このように液体アンモニアの気化潜熱を利用することで、改質ガスを効果的に冷却することができる。これにより、後段のクーラ１９を小型化したり、或いは後段のクーラ１９を廃止することが可能となる。また、改質ガス流路１８に噴射される液体アンモニアは、改質器１３に供給されるアンモニアガスと同じアンモニアという物質である。従って、複数種類の燃料を用意しなくて済むため、単純なシステムを用いて改質ガスを冷却することができる。その結果、エンジンシステム１の搭載性を向上させることが可能になる。また、エンジンシステム１の低コスト化を図ることが可能となる。 As described above, in the present embodiment, when air and ammonia gas are supplied to the reformer 13 and the temperature of the reformer 13 is raised by the electric heater 17, the ammonia gas is burned in the reformer 13. .. Then, since the reformer 13 is further heated by the heat of combustion, a high-temperature reforming gas is generated in the reformer 13, and the reforming gas flows through the reforming gas flow path 18. At this time, liquid ammonia is directly injected into the reformed gas flow path 18 by the cooling injector 20. Therefore, the liquid ammonia takes heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizes, and the reformed gas is cooled. By utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of liquid ammonia in this way, the reformed gas can be effectively cooled. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce the size of the cooler 19 in the subsequent stage or to abolish the cooler 19 in the subsequent stage. The liquid ammonia injected into the reforming gas flow path 18 is a substance called ammonia, which is the same as the ammonia gas supplied to the reformer 13. Therefore, since it is not necessary to prepare a plurality of types of fuel, the reformed gas can be cooled by using a simple system. As a result, it becomes possible to improve the mountability of the engine system 1. Further, it is possible to reduce the cost of the engine system 1.
　また、本実施形態では、アンモニアガス供給部２２によりアンモニアエンジン２及び改質器１３にアンモニアガスが供給される。このため、液体アンモニアが高温の改質ガスから熱を奪って気化することで生成されるアンモニアガスがアンモニアエンジン２に供給されるだけでなく、アンモニアガス供給部２２によりアンモニアエンジン２にアンモニアガスが供給されることになる。従って、アンモニアエンジン２の応答性が良くなる。また、液体アンモニア供給部２７により改質ガス流路１８に液体アンモニアが供給される分だけ、気化器１２を小型化することができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 by the ammonia gas supply unit 22. Therefore, not only the ammonia gas generated by the liquid ammonia taking heat from the high-temperature reforming gas and vaporizing it is supplied to the ammonia engine 2, but also the ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia engine 2 by the ammonia gas supply unit 22. It will be supplied. Therefore, the responsiveness of the ammonia engine 2 is improved. Further, the vaporizer 12 can be downsized by the amount that the liquid ammonia is supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18 by the liquid ammonia supply unit 27.
　また、本実施形態では、アンモニアタンク１１に貯蔵された液体アンモニアが気化器１２により気化されてアンモニアガスが生成され、そのアンモニアガスがアンモニアエンジン２及び改質器１３に供給されると共に、アンモニアタンク１１に貯蔵された液体アンモニアが改質ガス流路１８に供給される。従って、アンモニアエンジン２及び改質器１３に供給されるアンモニアガスと改質ガス流路１８に供給される液体アンモニアとを簡単に取得することができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the liquid ammonia stored in the ammonia tank 11 is vaporized by the vaporizer 12 to generate ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas is supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 and the ammonia tank. The liquid ammonia stored in 11 is supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18. Therefore, the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 and the liquid ammonia supplied to the reforming gas flow path 18 can be easily obtained.
　また、本実施形態では、気体アンモニア流路９には、アンモニアエンジン２及び改質器１３に供給されるアンモニアガスを減圧する減圧弁２３が配設されている。従って、アンモニアエンジン２及び改質器１３に対するアンモニアガスの供給圧が一定圧になる。また、液体アンモニア流路２６には、改質ガス流路１８に噴射される液体アンモニアを減圧する減圧弁２８が配設されている。従って、改質ガス流路１８に対する液体アンモニアの供給圧（噴射圧）が一定圧になる。また、メインインジェクタ５、改質インジェクタ１６及び冷却インジェクタ２０の噴射圧が低くなるため、メインインジェクタ５、改質インジェクタ１６及び冷却インジェクタ２０として、耐久性の高い高価なインジェクタを使用しなくて済む。 Further, in the present embodiment, the gaseous ammonia flow path 9 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 23 for reducing the pressure of the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13. Therefore, the supply pressure of ammonia gas to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13 becomes a constant pressure. Further, the liquid ammonia flow path 26 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 28 for reducing the pressure of the liquid ammonia injected into the reforming gas flow path 18. Therefore, the supply pressure (injection pressure) of liquid ammonia to the reformed gas flow path 18 becomes a constant pressure. Further, since the injection pressures of the main injector 5, the reforming injector 16 and the cooling injector 20 are low, it is not necessary to use a highly durable and expensive injector as the main injector 5, the reforming injector 16 and the cooling injector 20.
　また、本実施形態では、他の液体燃料に比べて気化潜熱が大きい液体アンモニアを使用することにより、改質ガスをより効果的に冷却することができる。従って、液体アンモニアの供給量を少なくしても、改質ガスを冷却することができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the reformed gas can be cooled more effectively by using liquid ammonia having a larger latent heat of vaporization than other liquid fuels. Therefore, the reformed gas can be cooled even if the supply amount of liquid ammonia is reduced.
　なお、本実施形態では、アンモニアエンジン２の各燃焼室２ａにアンモニアガスを噴射する複数のメインインジェクタ５がアンモニアエンジン２に取り付けられているが、メインインジェクタ５の数としては、１つであってもよい。この場合には、メインインジェクタ５は、吸気通路３におけるメインスロットルバルブ６とアンモニアエンジン２との間にアンモニアガスを噴射するように配置されていてもよい。 In the present embodiment, a plurality of main injectors 5 for injecting ammonia gas into each combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2 are attached to the ammonia engine 2, but the number of main injectors 5 is one. May be good. In this case, the main injector 5 may be arranged so as to inject ammonia gas between the main throttle valve 6 and the ammonia engine 2 in the intake passage 3.
　図３は、本発明の他の実施形態に係るエンジンシステムを示す概略構成図である。図３において、本実施形態のエンジンシステム１Ａは、上記の実施形態におけるメインインジェクタ５を備えていない。エンジンシステム１Ａでは、改質ガス流路１８に供給された液体アンモニアが気化して生成されるアンモニアガスのみが、アンモニアエンジン２の燃焼室２ａに供給される。 FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an engine system according to another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the engine system 1A of the present embodiment does not include the main injector 5 of the above embodiment. In the engine system 1A, only the ammonia gas generated by vaporizing the liquid ammonia supplied to the reforming gas flow path 18 is supplied to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2.
　また、エンジンシステム１Ａは、上記の実施形態におけるアンモニアガス供給部２２及びコントローラ３０に代えて、アンモニアガス供給部２２Ａ及びコントローラ３０Ａを備えている。アンモニアガス供給部２２Ａは、改質器１３にアンモニアガスを供給する。 Further, the engine system 1A includes an ammonia gas supply unit 22A and a controller 30A instead of the ammonia gas supply unit 22 and the controller 30 in the above embodiment. The ammonia gas supply unit 22A supplies ammonia gas to the reformer 13.
　コントローラ３０Ａは、イグニッションスイッチ３１の操作信号と温度センサ２９の検出値とに基づいて、メインスロットルバルブ６、改質スロットルバルブ１５、改質インジェクタ１６、電気ヒータ１７、冷却インジェクタ２０及びスタータモータ３２を制御する。 The controller 30A sets the main throttle valve 6, the reforming throttle valve 15, the reforming injector 16, the electric heater 17, the cooling injector 20, and the starter motor 32 based on the operation signal of the ignition switch 31 and the detected value of the temperature sensor 29. Control.
　図４は、図３に示されたコントローラ３０Ａにより実行される制御処理手順の詳細を示すフローチャートである。図４において、コントローラ３０Ａは、上記のコントローラ３０における手順Ｓ１０１～Ｓ１０５を順次実行する。コントローラ３０Ａは、手順Ｓ１０５を実行した後、メインスロットルバルブ６を開くように制御する（手順Ｓ１０６Ａ）。その後、コントローラ３０Ａは、上記のコントローラ３０における手順Ｓ１０７～Ｓ１１０を順次実行する。 FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing details of the control processing procedure executed by the controller 30A shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the controller 30A sequentially executes the procedures S101 to S105 in the controller 30. The controller 30A controls to open the main throttle valve 6 after executing the procedure S105 (procedure S106A). After that, the controller 30A sequentially executes the procedures S107 to S110 in the controller 30.
　冷却インジェクタ２０が開弁すると、冷却インジェクタ２０から液体アンモニアが噴射し、改質ガス流路１８に液体アンモニアが供給される。すると、液体アンモニアが高温の改質ガスから熱を奪い取って気化することで、アンモニアガスが生成されると共に改質ガスが冷却される。そして、冷やされた改質ガスがアンモニアガスと共にアンモニアエンジン２の燃焼室２ａに供給される。そして、燃焼室２ａにおいてアンモニアガスが改質ガス中の水素と共に燃焼する。 When the cooling injector 20 opens, liquid ammonia is injected from the cooling injector 20 and liquid ammonia is supplied to the reformed gas flow path 18. Then, the liquid ammonia takes heat from the high-temperature reformed gas and vaporizes it, so that ammonia gas is generated and the reformed gas is cooled. Then, the cooled reformed gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 2a of the ammonia engine 2 together with the ammonia gas. Then, in the combustion chamber 2a, the ammonia gas burns together with the hydrogen in the reformed gas.
　以上のような本実施形態においても、液体アンモニアの気化潜熱を利用することで、単純なシステムを用いて改質ガスを効果的に冷却することができる。また、本実施形態では、メインインジェクタ５が不要となるため、エンジンシステム１Ａを簡素化することができる。 Even in the present embodiment as described above, the reformed gas can be effectively cooled by using the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid ammonia using a simple system. Further, in the present embodiment, since the main injector 5 is not required, the engine system 1A can be simplified.
　なお、本発明は、上記実施形態には限定されない。例えば上記実施形態では、改質器１３の温度が第２規定温度以上となったときに、冷却インジェクタ２０から液体アンモニアを噴射させているが、特にその形態には限られない。冷却インジェクタ２０から液体アンモニアを噴射させるタイミングとしては、改質器１３の温度が第１規定温度以上となったときでもよいし、メインスロットルバルブ６を開くときでもよいし、適宜変更可能である。また、冷却インジェクタ２０から液体アンモニアを連続的に噴射させてもよいし、冷却インジェクタ２０から液体アンモニアを間欠的に噴射させてもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, in the above embodiment, when the temperature of the reformer 13 becomes equal to or higher than the second specified temperature, liquid ammonia is injected from the cooling injector 20, but the embodiment is not particularly limited. The timing of injecting liquid ammonia from the cooling injector 20 may be when the temperature of the reformer 13 becomes equal to or higher than the first specified temperature, or when the main throttle valve 6 is opened, and can be changed as appropriate. Further, the cooling injector 20 may continuously inject liquid ammonia, or the cooling injector 20 may intermittently inject liquid ammonia.
　また、上記実施形態では、電気ヒータ１７は、改質器１３に供給されるアンモニアガスを加熱することにより、改質器１３をアンモニアガスを通して昇温させているが、特にその形態には限られない。電気ヒータ１７は、改質器１３を直接加熱することにより、改質器１３を直接昇温させてもよい。また、アンモニアを燃やして加熱する燃焼式のヒータを使用してもよい。 Further, in the above embodiment, the electric heater 17 heats the ammonia gas supplied to the reformer 13 to raise the temperature of the reformer 13 through the ammonia gas, but the temperature is particularly limited to that form. Absent. The electric heater 17 may directly raise the temperature of the reformer 13 by directly heating the reformer 13. Further, a combustion type heater that burns and heats ammonia may be used.
　また、上記実施形態では、温度センサ２９により改質器１３の温度が検出されているが、特にその形態には限られず、アンモニアガスの流量、空気の流量、時間及び室温等から改質器１３の温度を推定してもよい。 Further, in the above embodiment, the temperature of the reformer 13 is detected by the temperature sensor 29, but the present invention is not particularly limited to that mode, and the reformer 13 is based on the flow rate of ammonia gas, the flow rate of air, the time, the room temperature, and the like. You may estimate the temperature of.
　また、上記実施形態では、改質器１３に供給される空気が流れる空気流路１４が吸気通路３に分岐接続されているが、特にその形態には限られず、アンモニアエンジン２と接続された吸気通路３とは異なる経路から空気流路１４に空気が供給されてもよい。この場合には、吸気通路３の脈動の影響を受けることを防止できる。 Further, in the above embodiment, the air flow path 14 through which the air supplied to the reformer 13 flows is branched and connected to the intake passage 3, but the present invention is not particularly limited to that form, and the intake air connected to the ammonia engine 2 is connected. Air may be supplied to the air passage 14 from a route different from that of the passage 3. In this case, it is possible to prevent the influence of the pulsation of the intake passage 3.
　また、上記実施形態では、改質器１３に供給される気体燃料としてアンモニアガス（気体アンモニア）を使用し、改質ガス流路１８に供給される液体燃料として液体アンモニアを使用しているが、使用する燃料としては、同じ物質であれば、特にアンモニアには限られず、例えばエタノール等のアルコール系物質等であってもよい。また、アンモニアエンジン２及び改質器１３には、液体燃料が供給されてもよい。この場合には、気化器１２が不要となる。 Further, in the above embodiment, ammonia gas (gaseous ammonia) is used as the gaseous fuel supplied to the reformer 13, and liquid ammonia is used as the liquid fuel supplied to the reforming gas flow path 18. The fuel used is not particularly limited to ammonia as long as it is the same substance, and may be, for example, an alcohol-based substance such as ethanol. Further, liquid fuel may be supplied to the ammonia engine 2 and the reformer 13. In this case, the vaporizer 12 becomes unnecessary.
　また、上記実施形態では、アンモニアガス供給部２２は、改質器１３に向けてアンモニアガスを噴射する改質インジェクタ１６を有しているが、特にその形態には限られず、例えば改質インジェクタ１６に代えて、流量調整弁を用いてもよい。この場合には、気体アンモニア流路９の他端を空気流路１４に接続すると共に、気体アンモニア流路９に流量調整弁を配設する。流量調整弁を用いることにより、アンモニアガスを改質器１３に連続供給することができる。 Further, in the above embodiment, the ammonia gas supply unit 22 has a reforming injector 16 that injects ammonia gas toward the reformer 13, but the embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, the reforming injector 16 Instead of, a flow rate adjusting valve may be used. In this case, the other end of the gas ammonia flow path 9 is connected to the air flow path 14, and a flow rate adjusting valve is provided in the gas ammonia flow path 9. By using the flow rate adjusting valve, ammonia gas can be continuously supplied to the reformer 13.
　また、上記実施形態では、改質ガス流路１８の他端が空気流路１４に接続されているが、特にその形態には限られず、例えば改質ガス流路１８の他端に、アンモニアエンジン２または吸気通路３に向けて改質ガスを噴射するインジェクタを設けてもよい。 Further, in the above embodiment, the other end of the reformed gas flow path 18 is connected to the air flow path 14, but the embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, the other end of the reformed gas flow path 18 is connected to the ammonia engine. An injector that injects reformed gas toward 2 or the intake passage 3 may be provided.
　また、上記実施形態の改質システムは、エンジンシステムに具備されているが、本発明は、特にエンジンシステムには限られず、例えばタービンシステムまたは燃料電池システム等にも適用可能である。 Further, although the reforming system of the above embodiment is provided in the engine system, the present invention is not particularly limited to the engine system, and can be applied to, for example, a turbine system or a fuel cell system.
　１，１Ａ　　エンジンシステム
　２　　アンモニアエンジン（エンジン）
　３　　吸気通路
　６　　メインスロットルバルブ（スロットルバルブ）
　９　　気体アンモニア流路（気体燃料流路）
　１０　　改質システム
　１１　　アンモニアタンク（貯蔵部）
　１２　　気化器（気化部）
　１３　　改質器（改質部）
　１７　　電気ヒータ（ヒータ部）
　１８　　改質ガス流路
　２１　　空気供給部
　２０　　冷却インジェクタ（液体燃料噴射弁）
　２２　　アンモニアガス供給部（第１燃料供給部）
　２３　　減圧弁（第１減圧弁）
　２６　　液体アンモニア流路（液体燃料流路）
　２７　　液体アンモニア供給部（第２燃料供給部）
　２８　　減圧弁（第２減圧弁） 1,1A engine system 2 Ammonia engine (engine)
3 Intake passage 6 Main throttle valve (throttle valve)
9 Gas ammonia flow path (gas fuel flow path)
10 Reform system 11 Ammonia tank (storage part)
12 Vaporizer (Vaporizer)
13 Reformer (reformer)
17 Electric heater (heater part)
18 Reformed gas flow path 21 Air supply unit 20 Cooling injector (liquid fuel injection valve)
22 Ammonia gas supply unit (first fuel supply unit)
23 Pressure reducing valve (first pressure reducing valve)
26 Liquid ammonia flow path (liquid fuel flow path)
27 Liquid ammonia supply section (second fuel supply section)
28 Pressure reducing valve (second pressure reducing valve)

Claims (6)

  1. 　燃料を改質して水素を含有した改質ガスを生成する改質部と、
    　前記改質部に空気を供給する空気供給部と、
    　前記改質部に前記燃料を供給する第１燃料供給部と、
    　前記改質部により生成された前記改質ガスが流れる改質ガス流路と、
    　前記改質部を昇温させるヒータ部と、
    　前記改質ガス流路に前記燃料と同じ物質の液体燃料を噴射する液体燃料噴射弁を有する第２燃料供給部とを備える改質システム。     A reformer that reforms fuel to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen,
    An air supply unit that supplies air to the reforming unit and
    A first fuel supply unit that supplies the fuel to the reforming unit,
    A reformed gas flow path through which the reformed gas generated by the reformed portion flows,
    A heater unit that raises the temperature of the reforming unit and
    A reforming system including a second fuel supply unit having a liquid fuel injection valve for injecting a liquid fuel of the same substance as the fuel into the reforming gas flow path.
  2. 　前記液体燃料を貯蔵する貯蔵部と、
    　前記貯蔵部に貯蔵された前記液体燃料を気化させて気体燃料を生成する気化部とを備え、
    　前記第１燃料供給部は、前記気化部により生成された前記気体燃料が流れる気体燃料流路を有し、
    　前記第２燃料供給部は、前記貯蔵部に貯蔵された前記液体燃料が流れる液体燃料流路を有する請求項１記載の改質システム。     A storage unit for storing the liquid fuel and
    It is provided with a vaporization unit that vaporizes the liquid fuel stored in the storage unit to generate a gaseous fuel.
    The first fuel supply unit has a gas fuel flow path through which the gas fuel generated by the vaporization unit flows.
    The reforming system according to claim 1, wherein the second fuel supply unit has a liquid fuel flow path through which the liquid fuel stored in the storage unit flows.
  3. 　前記気体燃料流路には、前記改質部に供給される前記気体燃料を減圧する第１減圧弁が配設されており、
    　前記液体燃料流路には、前記液体燃料噴射弁に供給される前記液体燃料を減圧する第２減圧弁が配設されている請求項２記載の改質システム。     The gas fuel flow path is provided with a first pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the gas fuel supplied to the reforming unit.
    The reforming system according to claim 2, wherein a second pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the liquid fuel supplied to the liquid fuel injection valve is provided in the liquid fuel flow path.
  4. 　前記気体燃料は気体アンモニアであり、
    　前記液体燃料は液体アンモニアである請求項２または３記載の改質システム。     The gaseous fuel is gaseous ammonia
    The reforming system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the liquid fuel is liquid ammonia.
  5. 　エンジンと、
    　前記エンジンに供給される空気が流れる吸気通路と、
    　前記吸気通路に配設され、前記エンジンに供給される前記空気の流量を制御するスロットルバルブと、
    　燃料を改質して水素を含有した改質ガスを生成する改質部と、
    　前記改質部に空気を供給する空気供給部と、
    　前記改質部に前記燃料を供給する第１燃料供給部と、
    　前記改質部により生成された前記改質ガスが前記エンジンに向けて流れる改質ガス流路と、
    　前記改質部を昇温させるヒータ部と、
    　前記改質ガス流路に前記燃料と同じ物質の液体燃料を噴射する液体燃料噴射弁を有する第２燃料供給部とを備えるエンジンシステム。     With the engine
    The intake passage through which the air supplied to the engine flows and
    A throttle valve arranged in the intake passage and controlling the flow rate of the air supplied to the engine.
    A reformer that reforms fuel to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen,
    An air supply unit that supplies air to the reforming unit and
    A first fuel supply unit that supplies the fuel to the reforming unit,
    A reformed gas flow path through which the reformed gas generated by the reformed portion flows toward the engine, and
    A heater unit that raises the temperature of the reforming unit and
    An engine system including a second fuel supply unit having a liquid fuel injection valve for injecting a liquid fuel of the same substance as the fuel into the reformed gas flow path.
  6. 　前記第１燃料供給部は、前記エンジン及び前記改質部に前記燃料を供給する請求項５記載のエンジンシステム。 The engine system according to claim 5, wherein the first fuel supply unit supplies the fuel to the engine and the reforming unit.
PCT/JP2019/050271 2019-04-11 2019-12-23 Reformer system and engine system WO2020208875A1 (en)

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