WO2020206917A1 - 组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统 - Google Patents

组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020206917A1
WO2020206917A1 PCT/CN2019/104548 CN2019104548W WO2020206917A1 WO 2020206917 A1 WO2020206917 A1 WO 2020206917A1 CN 2019104548 W CN2019104548 W CN 2019104548W WO 2020206917 A1 WO2020206917 A1 WO 2020206917A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating body
floating
water surface
component supporting
photovoltaic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/104548
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘海波
袁博
喻飞
苏毅
张涛
金乾
张顺
刘爽
段斐
刘一亮
Original Assignee
长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from CN201920494305.0U external-priority patent/CN210027828U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910294139.4A external-priority patent/CN109927856A/zh
Application filed by 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 filed Critical 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司
Publication of WO2020206917A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020206917A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular to a cross-spliced water surface photovoltaic power generation system with a component supporting floating body.
  • the water surface photovoltaic floating body array is subject to periodic fluctuations at all times, the stability of the floating body array must be ensured to obtain the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic system; secondly, the floating water surface photovoltaic power generation system needs to operate for 25 years. It is inevitable that multiple operation inspections, maintenance and repairs are required during the operation cycle. Therefore, the photovoltaic array must have sufficient operation and maintenance channels to ensure that each component, electrical equipment, cable wiring, anchoring and other important equipment components can be transported. Dimension replacement.
  • patent CN201721275446.0 proposes a photovoltaic carrying floating body, which uses the first and second support plates of the floating body to install aluminum alloy press blocks to fix the photovoltaic module.
  • the floating body uses several independent aluminum alloy parts to support the photovoltaic modules. Different aluminum alloy parts may undergo asynchronous displacements due to external forces, which may damage the modules.
  • the floating body has a high water surface coverage rate. It is difficult to transmit light and exchange oxygen on the water surface, which is not conducive to the growth of aquatic organisms. From the perspective of operation and maintenance, the design of this floating body requires two walkway floating bodies on average for each component to achieve the function of continuous operation and maintenance between each row of components, which is costly and difficult. Realize photovoltaic evaluation online.
  • the patent CN207843254U proposes an over-water photovoltaic flat floating body.
  • Two or more flat floating bodies can be connected longitudinally by connecting lugs to form a single-row multi-row module arrangement.
  • This arrangement can greatly reduce the cost, but the arrangement of single-row and multi-row modules causes no horizontal constraints between the two rows of modules, and it is easy to cause the two rows of modules to collide laterally in the environment of wind, waves, and currents, resulting in modules or floating bodies. Damage;
  • there is no horizontal operation and maintenance channel between multiple rows of components During the operation of the power station, it is difficult for the operation and maintenance personnel to check the equipment here, and they cannot reach the location in time after an emergency. Delayed maintenance may easily lead to a larger accident .
  • patent CN208226926U proposes a photovoltaic module water support device, which can support the photovoltaic module on the water surface, and uses a rectangular walkway floating body to provide buoyancy for the support device.
  • the biggest feature of this patent is that the device supporting the assembly is in an overhead state and does not touch the water surface.
  • the device supporting the components of the floating body solution does not provide buoyancy. It only relies on four floating body lugs to support the weight of the floating body and the components for a long time. During the 25-year operation period, the lugs are prone to plastic deformation and tearing, causing the components to collapse or collapse.
  • Distortion affects the operational safety of the photovoltaic power station; from the structural design, the device of the floating body support assembly is connected to the four walkway floating bodies.
  • the four walkway floating bodies are not uniformly loaded, for example, two operation and maintenance personnel stand separately
  • the device supporting the component will bear a huge bending load, and the load will be further transmitted to the components installed on the device, so that the components and other electrical equipment will bear greater
  • the internal stress is easy to damage.
  • patent CN108258980A proposes an on-water photovoltaic power generation module, which uses a flexible inflatable object to provide buoyancy after being inflated. From the structural aspect, the airtightness of the inflatable has a great impact on the safety of the power station. It is difficult to ensure that the buoyancy of the inflatable remains unchanged during the 25-year operation of the power station, and it is difficult to inflate during operation and maintenance; in terms of versatility, the buoyancy of the inflatable is limited , It is difficult to support electrical equipment with a large weight.
  • the patent CN207389486U proposes a bracket type pontoon, which uses a clamp to fix the bracket on the floating body.
  • this patent is similar to the aforementioned patents.
  • the use of independent aluminum alloy parts to support photovoltaic modules may cause damage to the modules; in general, the floating body cannot provide effective electrical equipment support, and it is difficult to form a floating water surface photovoltaic integrated power generation program. .
  • the present invention provides a cross-spliced water surface photovoltaic power generation system with component supporting floating bodies, which has the characteristics of simple structure, easy expansion, high light transmittance, environmental friendliness, strong stability, and convenient operation and maintenance.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a component supporting floating body cross-splicing water surface photovoltaic power generation system, comprising a component supporting floating body device for supporting photovoltaic modules and an equipment floating body device for supporting and installing electrical equipment, characterized in that:
  • the component supporting floating body device includes multiple rows of component supporting floating bodies that are cross-spliced together, and each row of component supporting floating bodies includes a plurality of component supporting floating bodies mounted with photovoltaic modules.
  • the corresponding component supporting floating bodies between two adjacent rows The component supporting floats are alternately spliced together.
  • each of the component supporting floats are provided with connecting mechanisms, and each of the component supporting floats is connected to the connecting mechanisms of two adjacent rows of corresponding component supporting floats through the connecting mechanisms on the four corners. .
  • the connecting mechanism is a connecting lug plate, and the component supporting floats between two adjacent rows are alternately connected by the connecting lug plates on the corners, so that the component supporting floats are connected in a mesh structure, which avoids the components in the prior art. There is no lateral constraint between them, which can easily cause collision damage, and the stability is better; and there are fewer connection points and easy installation.
  • the module support float can not only support photovoltaic modules, but also serve as an operation and maintenance channel; it has an integrated and multi-purpose effect without affecting the stability of the array.
  • the module support float can not only support photovoltaic modules, but also serve as an operation and maintenance channel; it has an integrated and multi-purpose effect without affecting the stability of the array.
  • a large number of floating bodies in the walkway between the components are saved, which greatly reduces the cost of surface photovoltaic floating body installations, which is conducive to promoting the parity of water surface photovoltaic power plants.
  • each component support floating body is provided with a component support for supporting photovoltaic components.
  • the module bracket includes a high-position bracket and a low-position bracket, the top of the high-position bracket is greater than or equal to the top of the low-position bracket, the photovoltaic module is fixedly installed on the module supporting floating body through the high-position bracket and the low-position bracket, and the installation inclination angle is 0 ⁇ 45°.
  • the high-position bracket and the low-position bracket are fixed on both sides of the component supporting floating body by using an integrated bracket.
  • the high-position bracket and the low-position bracket are fixed on both sides of the component supporting floating body by using split brackets.
  • each of the component supporting floating bodies adopts a hollow structure.
  • each component supporting the floating body is filled with a lightweight material with low water absorption rate to increase the strength of the floating body and reduce the risk of sinking of the photovoltaic floating body caused by water in the hollow inner cavity after the floating body is damaged.
  • each of the component supporting floats is provided with one or more vertical grooves to increase the hydrophilic area on the back of the photovoltaic component and increase the cooling effect of water vapor on the component backplane.
  • the equipment floating body device is arranged in the middle of the component supporting floating body device, and includes a plurality of equipment floating bodies spliced together.
  • equipment floating bodies are spliced together with each other and the corresponding component supporting floating bodies.
  • the equipment floating body is provided with an equipment fixing bracket for installing electrical equipment.
  • the equipment floating body is provided with an operation and maintenance channel for personnel to walk around.
  • the middle part of the equipment floating body is provided with an anchoring groove which is permeable up and down, and a fixing ear plate for fixing the anchoring system is arranged in the anchoring groove.
  • the equipment floating body is a hollow structure.
  • Corresponding component support floats between two adjacent rows of component support floats are alternately spliced together to form a firm network structure, which avoids the problem of collision damage caused by multiple rows of components without lateral constraints in the prior art ,
  • the overall stability is better; the component supporting floats between two adjacent rows are alternately connected by the connecting ear plates on the corners.
  • it has fewer connection points, better stability and more convenient installation .
  • the operation and maintenance channel between two adjacent rows of module support floats for personnel to walk around that is, the module support floats located in the horizontal gap (the photovoltaic modules installed in two adjacent rows leave a gap) can serve as aisle parts to provide
  • the operation and maintenance channel between every two rows of photovoltaic modules has the effect of being integrated and multi-purpose (supporting photovoltaic modules and providing operation and maintenance channels), saving a lot of floating bodies in the aisle between the modules without affecting the stability of the array, greatly reducing
  • the cost of the floating body is conducive to promoting the parity of the water surface photovoltaic power station; and under the premise of reducing the cost, the operation and maintenance of each row of photovoltaic modules can be achieved, which solves the problem of inconvenience in operation and maintenance caused by the existing technology.
  • Corresponding component support floats between two adjacent rows of component support floats are alternately spliced together, and the edge of the finally formed photovoltaic array is jagged.
  • the electrical equipment floating body device can be spliced in a certain position so that the shadow range falls into the vacancy of the jagged edge of the photovoltaic array.
  • the shadow spacing of the photovoltaic array can be reduced without shadowing the components, which can save the floating body and reduce the cost , Reduce the water area of the water surface photovoltaic power generation system, and improve the comprehensive economics of the power station.
  • the cross-spliced water surface photovoltaic power generation system of the component supporting floating body of the present invention has the advantages of good overall stability, strong operation and maintenance convenience and saving water area, and can realize photovoltaic components, electrical equipment, and cable laying of water surface photovoltaic power plants.
  • Important functions such as anchoring systems and maintenance channels, while increasing functionality, reduce the amount of floating bodies, save the cost of photovoltaic power plants, and provide technical guarantees for the early realization of parity in the surface photovoltaic market.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the component supporting floating body and the equipment floating body;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout of photovoltaic modules
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the component supporting floating body
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of photovoltaic modules installed on a module supporting floating body
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the component bracket installed on the component supporting float
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the component supporting floating body
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the component bracket
  • Figure 9 is an embodiment of the component supporting floating body
  • Figure 10 is an embodiment of a component supporting floating body
  • Figure 11 is an embodiment of a component bracket
  • Figure 12 is an embodiment of a component bracket
  • Figure 13 is an embodiment of a component bracket
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the equipment floating body
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the equipment support installed on the equipment floating body
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of electrical equipment installed on the equipment floating body
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the cable support installed on the equipment floating body
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the anchoring bracket installed on the equipment floating body
  • a cross-spliced water surface photovoltaic power generation system with a component supporting floating body of the present invention includes a component supporting floating body device and an equipment floating body device.
  • the component supporting floating body device is used to install and support photovoltaic components 3, electrical equipment 4, cables and
  • the anchoring system is fixedly installed on the equipment floating body device; the component supporting floating body device and the equipment floating body device are spliced together.
  • the component supporting float device includes multiple rows of component supporting floats 1 that are cross-spliced together, and each row of component supporting floats 1 includes multiple component supporting floats 1 with photovoltaic modules 3 installed. , The component supporting floats 1 in the same row are not connected, and the corresponding component supporting floats 1 between two adjacent rows of component supporting floats are alternately spliced together, that is, if a certain component supporting float 1 is used as the center, its four corners The four components supporting the floating body 1 are connected.
  • each component supporting floating body 1 The four corners of each component supporting floating body 1 are provided with connecting mechanisms, and each component supporting floating body 1 is connected to the connecting mechanisms of two adjacent rows of corresponding component supporting floating bodies 1 through the connecting mechanisms on the four corners.
  • the connecting mechanism adopts the component floating body connecting ear plate 11, that is, the component floating body connecting ear plate 11 is provided on the four corners of each component supporting floating body 1, and the component supporting floating body 1 between two adjacent rows passes through
  • the component floating body connecting ear plates 11 on the corners are alternately connected, so that the component supporting floating body 1 is connected in a net structure as a whole, which avoids the problem of collision damage caused by no lateral constraint between components in the prior art, and has better stability; and Fewer connection points and easy installation.
  • the component floating body connecting ear plates 11 are fastened by bolts.
  • a protective sleeve can be sleeved on the bolts to protect the component floating body connecting ear plates 11 bolt holes from being damaged by the bolts.
  • the protective sleeve can adopt a cylindrical structure, and its cross-sectional shape is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the bolt hole of the component floating body connecting lug plate 11, and its cross-sectional size is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the bolt hole of the component floating body connecting lug plate 11; the protective sleeve is larger and smaller along the axial direction , To facilitate the installation of the sleeve.
  • each module support floating body 1 is provided with a module support 6 for supporting the photovoltaic module 3.
  • the module support 6 includes a high support 61 and a low support 62.
  • the top of the high support 61 is greater than or equal to the top of the low support 62.
  • the photovoltaic module 3 is fixedly installed on the module support floating body 1 through the high support 61 and the low support 62, and the installation inclination angle is 0. ⁇ 45°.
  • a high-position bracket installation platform 13 and a low-position bracket installation platform 14 are provided on both sides of the piece supporting floating body 1.
  • the high-position bracket 61 and the low-position bracket 62 are respectively installed and fixed on the high-position bracket installation platform 13 and the low-position bracket through fixing ear plates. Install on platform 14.
  • the component supporting floating body 1 adopts a hollow structure, and the hollow structure of the component supporting floating body 1 is filled with a lightweight material with low water absorption rate to increase the strength of the floating body and reduce water ingress in the hollow cavity after the floating body is damaged and the photovoltaic floating body The risk of sinking.
  • the middle part of the module supporting float 1 is provided with one or more grooves 12 penetrating up and down to increase the hydrophilic area on the back of the photovoltaic module 3 and increase the cooling effect of water vapor on the module backplane.
  • a groove 12 is provided in the middle of the component supporting float 1; as shown in Fig. 9, two grooves 12 are provided in the middle of the component supporting float 1.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the component supporting floating body 1 and its surroundings can be provided with concave or convex reinforcing rib structures to enhance the mechanical properties of the floating body structure.
  • the component supporting floating body 1 adopts an I-shaped structure, and the photovoltaic module 3 is supported on the horizontal floating body part of the component supporting floating body 1, and the horizontal floating body part can also be used as an operation and maintenance channel.
  • the high-position bracket 61 uses a block-shaped integrated bracket
  • the low-position bracket 62 uses a split hollow bracket.
  • the high bracket 61 adopts a split hollow bracket and is connected together by a beam; the low bracket 62 adopts a split column bracket.
  • the high-position bracket 61 and the low-position bracket 62 are fixed into an integral structure by a cross beam and diagonal braces.
  • the equipment floating body device includes a plurality of equipment floating bodies 2 spliced together.
  • the equipment floating body 2 is a hollow structure, with equipment floating body lugs 21 cooperating and connected with other floating structures on the surroundings, and one or more bolt holes are provided on the equipment floating lugs 21.
  • the equipment support 41 is installed on the equipment support installation platforms 23 on both sides through the fixing ear plates, and the required electrical equipment 4 is fixedly installed on the equipment support 41 .
  • the middle position of the equipment floating body 2 is provided with an anchoring groove 22 which is transparent from top to bottom.
  • An anchoring bracket installation platform 24 for fixing and installing the anchoring bracket 25 is arranged around the anchoring groove 22.
  • the anchoring bracket 25 is fixedly installed on the anchoring bracket installation platform by fixing ears. 24, the anchoring system is fixed on the anchoring bracket 25.
  • the equipment floating body 2 can be used to fix the electrical equipment 4 and the anchoring system, realizing the integrated and multi-purpose function; the anchoring groove 22 is located in the middle of the floating body, and the installation point of the anchoring system is set in the middle of the floating body, breaking The traditional form of setting on the outer side avoids the problem that side anchoring may cause the floating body to tilt around the square array.
  • the upper surface of the equipment floating body 2 can also serve as a walkway to provide an operation and maintenance channel, and the upper surface of the floating body as a part of the operation and maintenance channel can be provided with anti-skid measures (such as anti-skid protrusions, anti-skid strips, and anti-skid patterns).
  • anti-skid measures such as anti-skid protrusions, anti-skid strips, and anti-skid patterns.
  • the equipment floating body 2 is provided with a cable support 42 for providing cable fixing, and the cable is fixed on the cable support 42 in the form of a hoop.
  • the power generation system of the present invention is provided with operation and maintenance channels for east-west directions around the square array and operation and maintenance channels for the north-south direction.
  • the operation and maintenance channels for the east-west direction are provided by aisle floating body 5 It is formed by splicing, the walkway floating body 5 is a hollow structure, and connecting ear plates are arranged around it; the operation and maintenance channel for the north-south facing is formed by splicing the equipment floating body 2.
  • the weight of the photovoltaic module 3 is relatively small, only 20 kg, the weight of the operation and maintenance personnel is relatively large.
  • the thickness of the middle position of the floating body is reduced to be smaller than the thickness on both sides of the floating body, so that the photovoltaic module 3 installed on the floating body is at the hollow structure in the middle position of the floating body. Do not touch the water surface. This can further reduce the weight and cost of the component supporting floating body 1 and bring better economic benefits.
  • the component supporting floating body 1 has a walkway part at one end and no walkway part at the other end.
  • the one end of each row of floating bodies with aisle part and the end of the adjacent row with aisle part are cross-connected, and the one end of each row of floating bodies without aisle and one end of the adjacent row without aisle Cross-connected to form a square array of floating photovoltaic modules.
  • every two rows of photovoltaic modules will have a row of continuous operation and maintenance channels between modules, which can reduce the cost of the power station in areas with low operation and maintenance requirements.
  • the two rows of photovoltaic modules are a non-continuous inter-module operation and maintenance channel, which can be used as an operation and maintenance channel during emergency operation and maintenance.
  • Both ends of the component supporting floating body 1 do not have aisle parts.
  • each row of photovoltaic modules is a non-continuous inter-module operation and maintenance channel.
  • Each row of photovoltaic modules is a non-continuous photovoltaic module operation and maintenance channel.
  • the floating body can be additionally equipped with a special filling floating body to strengthen the buoyancy support of the area, forming a continuous photovoltaic module operation and maintenance channel; to fill the floating body
  • the connecting ear plates around it are connected to the connecting ear plates around other floating bodies around it, and they are fixed by bolts and other fasteners.
  • the floating body will be selectively installed in the vacancy of the non-continuous component operation and maintenance channel, and the continuous operation and maintenance channel between each row of components and the continuous operation and maintenance channel between every two rows of components can be formed as needed. form.
  • the above discontinuous operation and maintenance channels can be used as emergency operation and maintenance channels, which are suitable for photovoltaic power stations with low operation and maintenance requirements, and can reduce the cost of the power station.
  • the assembly supporting floating body cross-splicing water surface photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention has the following installation steps:
  • the equipment floating body with fixed cables 2, the equipment floating body with fixed electrical equipment 4, the equipment floating body with fixed anchoring system 2 and the photovoltaic module floating body array are spliced together according to a certain arrangement to form a water surface photovoltaic power generation array ;

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Abstract

一种组件支撑浮体（1）交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统，其包括组件支撑浮体装置和设备浮体装置，组件支撑浮体装置包括交叉拼接在一起的多排组件支撑浮体（1），相邻两排组件支撑浮体（1）之间的相应的组件支撑浮体（1）交替拼接在一起，形成牢固的网状结构。

Description

组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏技术领域，具体涉及一种组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统。
背景技术
自2011年问世以来，漂浮式水面光伏发电系统因不占用耕地林地、提高了水域利用率、降低水蒸发等优势得到了迅速的推广应用。特别是2016年至今，国内的漂浮式水面光伏技术在光伏“领跑者”计划的支持下迅猛发展，产品快速更新换代的同时促进漂浮式水面光伏关键技术的不断突破。然而，“531”光伏新政的颁布给行业敲响了警钟：光伏要实现健康有序发展，必须尽快摆脱对国家补贴的依赖；而要实现漂浮式水面光伏“平价上网”，须不断推进水面光伏技术创新，用新技术、新材料带动水面光伏行业向更好、更优的方向发展。在“新政”的影响下，光伏建设成本的进一步降低势在必行，许多光伏产品为了追求成本的降低而减少了光伏浮体系统的一些部件或功能。然而，由于水面光伏浮体阵列每时每刻都经受着周期性波动的影响，必须要保证浮体阵列的稳定性以获得最大的光伏系统发电量；其次，漂浮式水面光伏发电系统需要运行25年，在运行周期内不可避免的需要多次的运行检查、维护、维修等工作，因此光伏阵列必须要有充足的运维通道以保证每个组件、电气设备、电缆接线、锚固等重要设备部件可运维更换。
目前，国内外提出的水面光伏浮体设计大都从组件的安装固定方面考虑，但从浮体结构稳定性、运维便利性的角度而言，这些设计方案还存在一些问题。
如专利CN201721275446.0提出一种光伏承载浮体，利用浮体第一、第二支撑板安装铝合金压块以固定光伏组件。从结构方面，浮体采用独立的若干铝合金件支撑光伏组件，不同的铝合金件间可能因受外力影响而发生不同步的位移，从而对组件造成损坏；从环境方面，浮体水面覆盖率高，水面透光及交换氧气困难，不利于水生生物的生长；从运维方面，该浮体设计平均每块组件需要两个走道浮体才能达到每排组件之间连续可运维的功能，成本高昂，难以实现光伏评价上网。
如专利CN207843254U提出一种水上光伏平浮体，通过连接凸耳可实现两个或多个 平浮体纵向连接在一起，形成单列多排组件的布置形式。这种布置形式可以极大降低成本，但单列多排组件的布置形式造成两列组件之间无横向约束，在水上风、浪、流环境中容易引起两列组件横向相撞，造成组件或浮体损坏；再者，多排组件之间无横向运维通道，电站运行过程中运维人员难以检查此处的设备情况，出现紧急状况后也不能及时到达位置，延迟维修容易酿成更大的事故。
如专利CN208226926U提出一种光伏组件水上支撑装置，可将光伏组件支撑在水面上，利用矩形走道浮体为支撑装置提供浮力。该专利最大的特点在于支撑组件的装置处于架空状态，不接触水面。从浮力方面，该浮体方案支承组件的装置不提供浮力，仅靠四个浮体耳板长期支撑浮体及组件的自重，在25年运行期内，耳板容易塑性变形、撕裂，造成组件塌陷或扭曲，影响光伏电站的运行安全；从结构设计方面，该浮体支撑组件的装置分别连接在四个走道浮体上，当四个走道浮体所受载荷不均匀时，例如两个运维人员分别站在支撑组件装置对角的两个走道浮体上时，支撑组件的装置将会承受巨大的弯折载荷，而该载荷将进一步传递给安装在装置上的组件上面，使组件等电气设备承受了较大的内应力，容易损坏。
如专利CN108258980A提出一种水上光伏发电模组，利用柔性的充气物充气后未浮体单元提供浮力。从结构方面，充气物的密闭性对电站安全产生了很大的影响，电站25年运行期间难以保证充气物的浮力保持不变，且运维期间充气难度大；通用性方面，充气物浮力有限，难以支撑自重较大的电气设备等。
如专利CN207389486U提出一种支架式浮筒，利用卡箍将支架固定在浮体上。从结构方面，该专利与前述专利类似，采用独立铝合金件支撑光伏组件可能会对组件造成损坏；从通用方面，该浮体也无法提供有效的电气设备支撑，难以形成漂浮式水面光伏整体发电方案。
由于现有漂浮式水面光伏浮体技术存在的上述问题，使得水面光伏电站在进一步降低成本的情况下很难保证电站的稳定性、安全性。因此，需要提出一种新型的水面光伏发电系统，既能降低成本，又满足发电系统的稳定性、安全性和运维便利性。
发明内容
为解决以上问题，本发明提供了一种组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统， 该系统具有结构简单、易拓展、透光率高、环境友好、稳定性强和运维便利等特点。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统，包括用于支撑光伏组件的组件支撑浮体装置和用于支撑安装电气设备的设备浮体装置，其特征在于：所述组件支撑浮体装置包括交叉拼接在一起的多排组件支撑浮体，每排所述组件支撑浮体均包括多块安装有光伏组件的组件支撑浮体，相邻两排所述组件支撑浮体之间的相应的组件支撑浮体交替拼接在一起。
作为优选，每块所述组件支撑浮体的四个角上均设有连接机构，每块所述组件支撑浮体通过四个角上的连接机构与相邻两排对应的组件支撑浮体的连接机构连接。
进一步的，所述连接机构为连接耳板，相邻两排之间的组件支撑浮体通过角上的连接耳板交替连接，使得组件支撑浮体连接后呈网状结构，避免了现有技术中组件之间无横向约束容易造成碰撞损坏的问题，稳定性更好；且连接点更少，安装方便。
作为优选，相邻两排组件支撑浮体之间设有供人员走动的运维通道，组件支撑浮体既可支撑光伏组件，又可作为运维通道；起到了一体多用的效果，在不影响阵列稳定性的前提下节约了大量组件之间的走道浮体，大幅降低了水面光伏浮体装置的成本，有利于推动水面光伏电站的平价上网。
作为优选，每块所述组件支撑浮体上均设有用于支撑光伏组件的组件支架。
进一步的，所述组件支架包括高位支架和低位支架，所述高位支架的顶端大于等于低位支架的顶端，所述光伏组件通过高位支架和低位支架固定安装在组件支撑浮体上，安装倾斜角为0～45°。
更进一步的，所述高位支架和低位支架采用一体式支架固定在组件支撑浮体两侧。
更进一步的，所述高位支架和低位支架采用分体式支架固定在组件支撑浮体两侧。
作为优选，每块所述组件支撑浮体均采用中空结构。
进一步的，每块所述组件支撑浮体的中空结构内腔填充有轻质低吸水率材料，以提高浮体强度，并降低浮体破损后中空内腔进水造成光伏浮体沉没的风险。
更进一步的，每块所述组件支撑浮体中部均设有一个或多个上下贯通的凹槽，以增加光伏组件背面的亲水面积，增加水汽对组件背板的冷却效果。
作为优选，所述设备浮体装置设置在组件支撑浮体装置中部，包括相互拼接在一起的多块设备浮体。
进一步的，所述设备浮体相互之间及与对应的组件支撑浮体之间拼接在一起。
更进一步的，所述设备浮体上设有用于安装电气设备的设备固定支架。
更进一步的，所述设备浮体上设有供人员走动的运维通道。
更进一步的，所述设备浮体中部设有上下通透的锚固凹槽，所述锚固凹槽内设有用于固定锚固系统的固定耳板。
更进一步的，所述设备浮体为中空结构。
本发明取得的有益效果是：
1、相邻两排组件支撑浮体之间的相应的组件支撑浮体交替拼接在一起，形成了牢固的网状结构，避免了现有技术中多排组件之间无横向约束容易造成碰撞损坏的问题，整体稳定性更优；相邻两排之间的组件支撑浮体通过角上的连接耳板交替连接，相比现有组件的连接方式，连接点更少，稳定性更好，安装更为方便。
2、相邻两排组件支撑浮体之间设有供人员走动的运维通道，即位于横向间隙(相邻两排安装的光伏组件留有间隙)内的组件支撑浮体部分可充当走道部分以提供每两排光伏组件之间的运维通道，起到了一体多用(支撑光伏组件和提供运维通道)的效果，在不影响阵列稳定性的前提下节约了大量组件之间的走道浮体，大幅降低了浮体成本，有利于推动水面光伏电站的平价上网；且在降低成本的前提下可做到每排光伏组件之间都可运维通行，解决了现有技术带来的运维不便的问题。
3、相邻两排组件支撑浮体之间的相应的组件支撑浮体交替拼接在一起，最后形成的光伏阵列边缘为锯齿状。可将电气设备浮体装置拼接在一定的位置，使其阴影范围落入光伏阵列锯齿状边缘的空缺处，可以在不产生对组件的阴影遮挡的前提下缩小光伏阵列阴影间距，可节约浮体降低成本、减少水面光伏发电系统的水域面积，提高电站的综合经济性。
综上所述：本发明的组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统具有整体稳定性好、运维便利性强和节约水域面积等优点，可实现水面光伏电站光伏组件、电气设备、电缆敷设、锚固系统和维护通道等重要功能，并在功能性增强的同时降低了浮体用量，节约了光伏电站造价，为推动水面光伏市场早日实现平价上网提供了技术保证。
附图说明
图1为本发明的布置示意图；
图2为组件支撑浮体、设备浮体的连接示意图；
图3为光伏组件的布置示意图；
图4为组件支撑浮体的连接示意图；
图5为光伏组件安装在组件支撑浮体上的示意图；
图6为组件支架安装在组件支撑浮体上的示意图；
图7为组件支撑浮体的结构示意图；
图8为组件支架的结构示意图；
图9为组件支撑浮体的一种实施例；
图10为组件支撑浮体的一种实施例；
图11为组件支架的一种实施例；
图12为组件支架的一种实施例；
图13为组件支架的一种实施例；
图14为设备浮体的连接示意图；
图15为设备支架安装在设备浮体上的示意图；
图16为电气设备安装在设备浮体上的示意图；
图17为电缆支架安装在设备浮体上的示意图；
图18为锚固支架安装在设备浮体上的示意图；
附图标记：1、组件支撑浮体；11、组件浮体连接耳板；12、凹槽；13、高位支架安装平台；14、低位支架安装平台；2、设备浮体；21、设备浮体连接耳板；22、锚固凹槽；23、设备支架安装平台；24、锚固支架安装平台；25、锚固支架；3、光伏组件；4、电气设备；41、设备支架；42、电缆支架；5、走道浮体；6、组件支架；61高位支架；62、低位支架；7、运维通道。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。
如图1所示，本发明的一种组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统，包括组件支撑浮体装置和设备浮体装置，组件支撑浮体装置用于安装支撑光伏组件3，电气设备4、 电缆和锚固系统固定安装在设备浮体装置上；组件支撑浮体装置和设备浮体装置相互拼接在一起。
如图2-4所示，本实施例中，组件支撑浮体装置包括交叉拼接在一起的多排组件支撑浮体1，每排组件支撑浮体1均包括多块安装有光伏组件3的组件支撑浮体1，同一排的组件支撑浮体1之间不连接，相邻两排组件支撑浮体之间的相应组件支撑浮体1交替拼接在一起，即若以某个组件支撑浮体1为中心，与其四个角上的四个组件支撑浮体1连接。
每块组件支撑浮体1的四个角上均设有连接机构，每块组件支撑浮体1通过四个角上的连接机构与相邻两排对应的组件支撑浮体1的连接机构连接。本实施例中，连接机构采用组件浮体连接耳板11，即在每块组件支撑浮体1的四个角上均设有组件浮体连接耳板11，相邻两排之间的组件支撑浮体1通过角上的组件浮体连接耳板11交替连接，使得组件支撑浮体1连接后整体呈网状结构，避免了现有技术中组件之间无横向约束容易造成碰撞损坏的问题，稳定性更好；且连接点更少，安装方便。
本实施例中，组件浮体连接耳板11之间采用螺栓紧固，紧固时，可在螺栓上套设保护套筒，用于保护组件浮体连接耳板11螺栓孔不受螺栓的磨损而破坏，保护套筒可采用柱状结构，其截面形状与组件浮体连接耳板11螺栓孔截面形状一致，其截面尺寸小于组件浮体连接耳板11螺栓孔截面尺寸；保护套筒沿轴向上大下小，以便于套筒的安装。
结合图3所示，相邻两排组件支撑浮体1之间设有供人员走动的运维通道7，使得组件支撑浮体1既可支撑光伏组件3，又可作为运维通道；起到了一体多用的效果，在不影响阵列稳定性的前提下节约了大量组件之间的走道浮体，大幅降低了水面光伏浮体装置的成本，有利于推动水面光伏电站的平价上网。本实施例中，在作为运维通道7的浮体部分增加防滑措施(如防滑凸起、防滑条和防滑纹等)。
如图5-8所示，每块组件支撑浮体1上均设有用于支撑光伏组件3的组件支架6。组件支架6包括高位支架61和低位支架62，高位支架61的顶端大于等于低位支架62的顶端，光伏组件3通过高位支架61和低位支架62固定安装在组件支撑浮体1上，安装倾斜角为0～45°。本实施例中，在件支撑浮体1的两侧设有高位支架安装平台13和低位支架安装平台14，高位支架61和低位支架62通过固定耳板分别安装固定在高位支架安装平台13和低位支架安装平台14上。
本实施例中，组件支撑浮体1均采用中空结构，组件支撑浮体1的中空结构内腔填充有轻质低吸水率材料，以提高浮体强度，并降低浮体破损后中空内腔进水造成光伏浮体沉没的风险。
本实施例中，组件支撑浮体1中部设有一个或多个上下贯通的凹槽12，以增加光伏组件3背面的亲水面积，增加水汽对组件背板的冷却效果。如图6-7，组件支撑浮体1中部设有一个凹槽12；如图9所示，组件支撑浮体1中部设有两个凹槽12。
组件支撑浮体1上下表面及其四周可设置凹陷或凸起的加强筋结构，以增强浮体结构力学性能。
如图10所示，组件支撑浮体1采用工字型结构，光伏组件3支撑在组件支撑浮体1的横向浮体部分，且横向浮体部分还可作为运维通道。
如图11所示，高位支架61采用块状一体式支架，低位支架62采用分体式的镂空支架。
如图12所示，高位支架61采用分体式的镂空支架，并通过横梁连接在一起；低位支架62采用分体式的柱状支架。
如图13所示，高位支架61和低位支架62通过横梁和斜撑固定成一体式结构。
如图14所示，，设备浮体装置包括相互拼接在一起的多块设备浮体2。设备浮体2为中空结构，四周开设有与其他浮体配合连接的设备浮体耳板21，设备浮体耳板21上开设有一个或多个螺栓孔。结合图15-18，设备浮体2两侧设有设备支架安装平台23，设备支架41通过固定耳板安装在两侧的设备支架安装平台23上，所需的电气设备4固定安装在设备支架41。
设备浮体2中间位置开设有上下通透的锚固凹槽22，锚固凹槽22四周设置有用于固定安装锚固支架25的锚固支架安装平台24，锚固支架25通过固定耳边固定安装在锚固支架安装平台24上，锚固系统固定在锚固支架25上。设备浮体2既能用于固定电气设备4，又能用于固定锚固系统，实现了一体多用的功能；锚固凹槽22位于浮体的中部，将锚固系统的安装点设置在浮体的中部，打破了传统的设置在外侧边部的形式，避免了侧边锚固可能导致方阵外围浮体倾斜的问题。设备浮体2上表面还可充当走道提供运维通道，作为运维通道部分的浮体上表面可设置防滑措施(如防滑凸起、防滑条和防滑纹等)。
设备浮体2上设有用于提供电缆固定的电缆支架42，电缆通过抱箍的形式固定在电缆支架42上。
结合图1-2，用于提供本发明发电系统的四周设有用于方阵四周东西方向的运维通道和用于南北方面向的运维通道，用于东西方向的运维通道由走道浮体5拼接而成，走道浮体5为中空结构，四周设置有连接耳板；用于南北方面向的运维通道由设备浮体2拼接而成。
在一实施例中：
由于光伏组件3自身重量较小，仅为20kg，而运维人员重量较大。为更平衡用于支撑光伏组件3的组件支撑浮体1的浮力，降低浮体中间位置的厚度，使其小于其两侧的厚度，使得安装在浮体上的光伏组件3在浮体中间位置的中空结构处不与水面接触。这样可进一步降低组件支撑浮体1自重及成本，带来更好的经济效益。
在一实施例中：
当组件支撑浮体1交叉拼接形成光伏阵列后，每两个横排光伏组件3之间具有一定的横向间隙，位于横向间隙内的浮体部分可充当走运维通道。
组件支撑浮体1一端具有走道部分，另一端不具有走道部分。组件支撑浮体1以交叉形式相互拼接时，将每行浮体具有走道部分的一端与相邻行具有走道部分的一端交叉相连，将每行浮体无走道部分的一端与相邻行无走道部分的一端交叉相连，形成光伏组件浮体方阵。光伏组件浮体阵列中每隔两行光伏组件会有一行连续的组件间运维通道，在运维需求不高的区域可降低电站造价。而两行光伏组件之间为非连续的组件间运维通道，在应急运维时可作为运维通道使用。
在一实施例中：
组件支撑浮体1两端均不具有走道部分。组件支撑浮体1以交叉形式相互拼接形成光伏组件浮体方阵时，每行光伏组件之间为非连续的组件间运维通道。
每行光伏组件之间为非连续的光伏组件间运维通道内的浮体空缺部分可额外加装专门的填补浮体，以加强该区域的浮力支撑，形成连续的光伏组件间运维通道；填补浮体通过其四周的连接耳板与其周围的其他浮体四周的连接耳板连接，并使用螺栓等紧固件固定。
将填补浮体有选择性地加装在非连续的组件间运维通道的空缺处，可按需形成每排 组件间连续的运维通道、每两排组件间连续的运维通道等运维通道形式。
以上非连续运维通道可作为应急运维通道使用，适宜于运维需求较低的光伏电站，可降低电站的造价。
本发明的组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统，其安装步骤如下：
(1)将组件支架6固定在组件支撑浮体1两侧；
(2)将光伏组件3固定在组件支架6上；
(3)将组件支撑浮体1以交叉形式相互拼接，形成行与行之间交错布置的光伏组件浮体方阵；
(4)，将设备支架41固定在设备浮体2上，并将电气设备4固定在设备支架41上；
(5)将电缆固定在电缆支架42上，并将电缆支架42固定在设备浮体2上；
(6)将锚固系统固定在锚固支架25上，并将锚固支架25固定在设备浮体2上；
(7)将固定有电缆的设备浮体2、固定有电气设备4的设备浮体2、固定有锚固系统的设备浮体2和光伏组件浮体方阵按照一定的布置形式拼接起来，形成水面光伏发电方阵；
(8)在水面光伏发电方阵东西侧拼接设备浮体2，形成用于南北方面向的运维通道；在水面光伏发电方阵南北侧拼接走道浮体5，形成用于东西方面向的运维通道。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要结构特征。本发明不受上述实例的限制，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统，包括用于支撑光伏组件(3)的组件支撑浮体装置和用于支撑安装电气设备(4)的设备浮体装置，其特征在于：所述组件支撑浮体装置包括交叉拼接在一起的多排组件支撑浮体(1)，每排所述组件支撑浮体(1)均包括多块安装有光伏组件(3)的组件支撑浮体(1)，相邻两排所述组件支撑浮体(1)之间的相应的组件支撑浮体(1)交替拼接在一起。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：每块所述组件支撑浮体(1)的四个角上均设有连接机构，每块所述组件支撑浮体(1)通过四个角上的连接机构与相邻两排对应的组件支撑浮体的连接机构连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述连接机构为组件浮体连接耳板(11)，相邻两排之间的组件支撑浮体(1)通过角上的组件浮体连接耳板(11)交替连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：相邻两排组件支撑浮体(1)之间设有供人员走动的运维通道。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：每块所述组件支撑浮体(1)上均设有用于支撑光伏组件(3)的组件支架(6)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述组件支架(6)包括高位支架(61)和低位支架(62)，所述高位支架(61)的顶端大于等于低位支架(62)的顶端，所述光伏组件(3)通过高位支架(61)和低位支架(62)固定安装在组件支撑浮体(1)上，安装倾斜角为0～45°。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述高位支架(61)和低位支架(62)采用一体式支架固定在组件支撑浮体(1)两侧。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述高位支架(61)和低位支架(62)采用分体式支架固定在组件支撑浮体(1)两侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述组件支撑浮体(1)均采用中空结构。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述组件支撑浮体(1)的中空结构内腔填充有轻质低吸水率材料。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：每块所述组件支撑浮体(1)中部均设有一个或多个上下贯通的凹槽(12)。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述设备浮体装置设置在组件支撑浮体装置中部，包括相互拼接在一起的多块设备浮体(2)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述设备浮体(2)相互之间及与对应的组件支撑浮体(1)之间拼接在一起。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述设备浮体(2)上设有用于安装电气设备(4)的设备固定支架(41)。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述设备浮体(2)上设有供人员走动的运维通道。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述设备浮体(2)中部设有上下通透的锚固凹槽(22)，所述锚固凹槽(22)内设有用于固定锚固系统的固定耳板。
  17. 根据权利要求12所述的浮体多功能集成式水面光伏浮式支撑系统，其特征在于：所述设备浮体(2)为中空结构。
PCT/CN2019/104548 2019-04-12 2019-09-05 组件支撑浮体交叉拼接式水面光伏发电系统 WO2020206917A1 (zh)

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