WO2020204755A2 - Electromagnetic variator - Google Patents
Electromagnetic variator Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020204755A2 WO2020204755A2 PCT/RU2020/000099 RU2020000099W WO2020204755A2 WO 2020204755 A2 WO2020204755 A2 WO 2020204755A2 RU 2020000099 W RU2020000099 W RU 2020000099W WO 2020204755 A2 WO2020204755 A2 WO 2020204755A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- machine
- variator
- armature
- output shaft
- rotor
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K51/00—Dynamo-electric gears, i.e. dynamo-electric means for transmitting mechanical power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft and comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts
Definitions
- the invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in transmissions where a smooth change in the gear ratio is required.
- the disadvantages of the known variator are increased energy losses due to the need to convert all mechanical energy into electrical and reverse conversion of all electrical energy to mechanical, as well as the need to use brush assemblies when transferring electricity from movable variator components to stationary ones and vice versa.
- the technical result is an increase in efficiency due to a decrease in the value of double conversion of energy, as well as elimination of losses during the removal of electricity from the machine and during its return supply due to the arrangement of the armatures of both machines in one common rotating unit, in which the inverters of these electrical machines are also located.
- the electromagnetic variator contains at least two electrical machines installed in the housing, input and output shafts located coaxially, while a rotating rotor of the first machine is installed on the input shaft, which interacts with the armature of the first machine, which is mounted on the output shaft of the variator, the armature of the second machine is also installed on the output shaft, and its windings are electrically connected to the armature windings of the first machine to form a single rotating inductor unit, and not the rotating rotor of the second machine, interacting with the armature of the second machine, is connected to the variator case, each the machine is equipped with an inverter.
- the task is also achieved by the fact that the rotor of the second machine can be installed with the possibility of controlled translational movement along the axis of rotation of the armature.
- the task is also achieved by the fact that the rotor of the second machine can interact with the body through a freewheel clutch with the ability to rotate around the axis of rotation of the armature in one direction.
- the variator can contain at least one additional electric machine, the armature of which is mounted on the output shaft, and not the rotating rotor is connected to the variator housing.
- the rotor of the additional electrical machine can be connected to the output shaft by means of a mechanical gearbox.
- the task is also achieved by the fact that the variator can be equipped with a controllable clutch installed with the possibility of temporary connection of the input and output shafts.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the described variator
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of a variator with an additional electrical machine.
- the variator contains an input shaft 1 installed in the supports of the housing 2, on which a rotating rotor 3 of the first electric machine is installed, interacting with the windings 4 of the armature 5 of the first machine, which is located on the output shaft 6 of the variator.
- Permanent magnets 7 are installed on the rotor 3, and the shaft 6 is located coaxially with the input shaft 1.
- the output shaft 6 also houses the armature 8 of the second electric machine, the windings 9 of which are electrically connected to the windings 4 of the armature 5 of the first machine through the inverter 12 of the first electric machine and the inverter 13 the second electrical machine and form a single rotating inductor unit with them.
- the non-rotating rotor (inductor) 10 of the second machine is equipped with permanent and magnets 11 and interacts with the windings 9 of the armature 8 of the second machine and is located in the case 2 of the variator.
- the rotor 10 can be rigidly and immovably fixed in the housing 2.
- the rotor 10 is installed in the housing 2 with the possibility of controlled translational movement along the axis of rotation of the armature 8.
- the inverters 12 and 13 are connected by means of an electric bus 14. If there is a third electric machine in the variator, an armature 15 with windings 16 is installed on the output shaft 6, interacting with the magnets 17 of the rotor 18, which can be connected to the output shaft 6 by means of a mechanical gear reducer 19. In this case, the additional machine is equipped with an inverter 20.
- the variator works as follows.
- the input shaft 1 drives the rotor 3 with permanent magnets 7 installed on it, which induces the EMF in the windings 4 of the armature 5.
- the input moment applied to the input shaft and the rotor of the first electric machine connected to it is transmitted through the armature 5 to the output shaft 6 connected to it.
- All the electrical energy generated by the first electric machine is converted through the inverter 12 into a constant voltage, which is fed through the buses 14 through the inverter 13 to the second an electric machine, the rotor 10 of which is connected to the case 2 of the variator.
- the moment of the second electrical machine is also applied to the output shaft 6, since the armature 8 of the second electrical machine is also rigidly connected to the output shaft 6.
- the operating speed of the first electrical machine determines the difference in rotation of the input and output shafts. Accordingly, at a constant input torque, the first electric machine generates a different amount of electrical power. With a large difference, more electrical energy is generated, respectively, the output torque increases, since all the electrical energy generated by the first machine is supplied to the second electric machine, the entire torque of which is also applied to the output shaft 6. With a small difference in the revolutions of the input 1 and output 6 shafts (small gear ratio of the variator) on the first electric machine, less electric power is generated and, accordingly, less torque added to the output shaft 6 by the second electric machine. As a result, as the variator gear ratio increases, the output torque increases. With a decrease in the gear ratio, the torque decreases, while the overall efficiency of the variator increases, since the share of energy that passes through the variator without double energy conversion (mechanical electrical - mechanical) increases.
- Electric machines as part of a variator can be of a synchronous or asynchronous principle of operation.
- the described variator is capable of operating both in the direction of energy transfer from the input shaft to the output shaft, and in the opposite direction - to the input shaft.
- the second machine is in generator mode and the first in engine mode.
- the use of the claimed variator allows increasing the efficiency of the system due to a large proportion of directly transmitted mechanical energy without converting it from mechanical to electrical, and vice versa. All the power electrical components of the variator are located in one rotating block, and the high currents of the power modules will not escape from it. At the same time, losses are prevented during the transfer of electrical energy from one machine to an external control system and return of this energy to another machine through high-current brush units.
Abstract
The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in transmissions where a smooth change in transmission ratio is required. The technical result is to increase energy conversion efficiency by reducing the amount of double energy conversion and also eliminating losses during the output of electrical energy from an electric machine and, conversely, during the input of electrical energy thereto by placing the armatures of two machines in a single common rotating unit which also houses inverters of said electric machines. The essence of the invention lies in that an electromagnetic variator comprises at least two electric machines mounted inside a housing, an input shaft, and a coaxial output shaft. A rotating rotor of the first machine is mounted on the input shaft, said rotor interacting with an armature of the first machine and said armature being mounted on the variator output shaft; an armature of the second machine is also mounted on the output shaft, and the windings of said armature are electrically connected to the windings of the armature of the first machine to form a single rotating inductor unit. A non-rotating rotor of the second machine, which interacts with the armature of the second machine, is connected to the variator housing, and each machine is provided with an inverter.
Description
Электромагнитный вариатор Electromagnetic variator
ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ СОЗДАНИЯ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Область техники, к которой относится изобретение The technical field to which the invention relates
Изобретение относится к электротехнике и может применяться в трансмиссиях, где требуется плавное изменение передаточного отношения. The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in transmissions where a smooth change in the gear ratio is required.
Описание предшествующего уровня техники Description of the prior art
Известен электромагнитный вариатор, содержащий электрические машины, обмотки которых связаны между собой (см. RU2012980 С1, опуб., 15.05.1994). Known electromagnetic variator containing electrical machines, the windings of which are interconnected (see RU2012980 C1, publ., 15.05.1994).
Недостатками известного вариатора являются увеличенные потери энергии из-за необходимости преобразования всей механической энергии в электрическую и обратного преобразования всей электрической энергии в механическую, а также необходимость применения щеточных узлов при передаче электроэнергии с подвижных компонентов вариатора на неподвижные и обратно. The disadvantages of the known variator are increased energy losses due to the need to convert all mechanical energy into electrical and reverse conversion of all electrical energy to mechanical, as well as the need to use brush assemblies when transferring electricity from movable variator components to stationary ones and vice versa.
Сущность изобретения The essence of the invention
Техническим результатом является повышение КПД за счет уменьшения величины двойного преобразования энергии, а также устранения потерь при отводе электроэнергии от машины и при обратном ее подводе за счет компоновки якорей обеих машин в одном общем вращающемся блоке, в котором также расположены инверторы этих электрических машин.
Поставленная задача достигается тем, что электромагнитный вариатор содержит, по меньшей мере, две электрические машины, установленные в корпусе, входной и выходной валы, расположенные соосно, при этом на входном валу установлен вращающийся ротор первой машины, взаимодействующий с якорем первой машины, который установлен на выходном валу вариатора, якорь второй машины также установлен на выходном валу, а его обмотки электрически соединены с обмотками якоря первой машины с образованием единого вращающегося индукторного блока, а не вращающийся ротор второй машины, взаимодействующий с якорем второй машины, соединен с корпусом вариатора, причем каждая машина снабжена инвертором. The technical result is an increase in efficiency due to a decrease in the value of double conversion of energy, as well as elimination of losses during the removal of electricity from the machine and during its return supply due to the arrangement of the armatures of both machines in one common rotating unit, in which the inverters of these electrical machines are also located. The task is achieved by the fact that the electromagnetic variator contains at least two electrical machines installed in the housing, input and output shafts located coaxially, while a rotating rotor of the first machine is installed on the input shaft, which interacts with the armature of the first machine, which is mounted on the output shaft of the variator, the armature of the second machine is also installed on the output shaft, and its windings are electrically connected to the armature windings of the first machine to form a single rotating inductor unit, and not the rotating rotor of the second machine, interacting with the armature of the second machine, is connected to the variator case, each the machine is equipped with an inverter.
Поставленная задача достигается также тем, что ротор второй машины может быть установлен с возможностью управляемого поступательного перемещения вдоль оси вращения якоря. The task is also achieved by the fact that the rotor of the second machine can be installed with the possibility of controlled translational movement along the axis of rotation of the armature.
Поставленная задача достигается также тем, что ротор второй машины может взаимодействовать с корпусом посредством муфты свободного хода с возможностью вращения вокруг оси вращения якоря в одном направлении. The task is also achieved by the fact that the rotor of the second machine can interact with the body through a freewheel clutch with the ability to rotate around the axis of rotation of the armature in one direction.
Поставленная задача достигается также тем, что вариатор может содержать, по меньшей мере, одну дополнительную электрическую машину, якорь которой установлен на выходном валу, а не вращающийся ротор связан с корпусом вариатора. The stated task is also achieved by the fact that the variator can contain at least one additional electric machine, the armature of which is mounted on the output shaft, and not the rotating rotor is connected to the variator housing.
При этом ротор дополнительной электрической машины может быть связан с выходным валом посредством механического редуктора. In this case, the rotor of the additional electrical machine can be connected to the output shaft by means of a mechanical gearbox.
Поставленная задача достигается также тем, что вариатор может быть снабжен управляемой муфтой, установленной с возможностью временного соединения входного и выходного валов. The task is also achieved by the fact that the variator can be equipped with a controllable clutch installed with the possibility of temporary connection of the input and output shafts.
Поставленная задача достигается также тем, что электрические машины в составе вариатора могут быть выполнены синхронного или асинхронного принципа действия.
Изобретение поясняется при помощи чертежей. The task is also achieved by the fact that the electric machines in the variator can be made of a synchronous or asynchronous principle of operation. The invention is illustrated using drawings.
Краткое описание чертежей Brief Description of Drawings
На фиг. 1 показана схема описываемого вариатора; FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the described variator;
На фиг. 2 - схема вариатора с дополнительной электрической машиной. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a variator with an additional electrical machine.
Описание предпочтительного варианта осуществления Description of the preferred embodiment
Вариатор содержит входной вал 1, установленный в опорах корпуса 2, на котором установлен вращающийся ротор 3 первой электрической машины, взаимодействующий с обмотками 4 якоря 5 первой машины, который размещен на выходном валу 6 вариатора. На роторе 3 установлены постоянные магниты 7, а вал 6 расположен соосно входному валу 1. На выходном валу 6 также размещен якорь 8 второй электрической машины, обмотки 9 которого электрически связаны с обмотками 4 якоря 5 первой машины через инвертор 12 первой электрической машины и ивертор 13 второй электрической машины и образуют с ними единый вращающийся индукторный блок. Не вращающийся ротор (индуктор) 10 второй машины снабжен постоянным и магнитами 11 и взаимодействует с обмотками 9 якоря 8 второй машины и размещен в корпусе 2 вариатора. При этом ротор 10 может быть жестко и неподвижно закреплен в корпусе 2. Либо ротор 10 установлен в корпусе 2 с возможностью управляемого поступательного перемещения вдоль оси вращения якоря 8. Инверторы 12 и 13 соединены посредством электрической шины 14. При наличии третьей электрической машины в вариаторе, на выходном валу 6 установлен якорь 15 с обмотками 16, взаимодействующий с магнитами 17 ротора 18, который может быть связан с выходным валом 6 посредством механического зубчатого редуктора 19. При этом дополнительная машина снабжена инвертором 20. The variator contains an input shaft 1 installed in the supports of the housing 2, on which a rotating rotor 3 of the first electric machine is installed, interacting with the windings 4 of the armature 5 of the first machine, which is located on the output shaft 6 of the variator. Permanent magnets 7 are installed on the rotor 3, and the shaft 6 is located coaxially with the input shaft 1. The output shaft 6 also houses the armature 8 of the second electric machine, the windings 9 of which are electrically connected to the windings 4 of the armature 5 of the first machine through the inverter 12 of the first electric machine and the inverter 13 the second electrical machine and form a single rotating inductor unit with them. The non-rotating rotor (inductor) 10 of the second machine is equipped with permanent and magnets 11 and interacts with the windings 9 of the armature 8 of the second machine and is located in the case 2 of the variator. In this case, the rotor 10 can be rigidly and immovably fixed in the housing 2. Or the rotor 10 is installed in the housing 2 with the possibility of controlled translational movement along the axis of rotation of the armature 8. The inverters 12 and 13 are connected by means of an electric bus 14. If there is a third electric machine in the variator, an armature 15 with windings 16 is installed on the output shaft 6, interacting with the magnets 17 of the rotor 18, which can be connected to the output shaft 6 by means of a mechanical gear reducer 19. In this case, the additional machine is equipped with an inverter 20.
Вариатор работает следующим образом. Входной вал 1 приводит во вращение установленный на нем ротор 3 с постоянными магнитами 7, наводящий ЭДС в обмотках 4 якоря 5. Входной момент, приложенный ко
входному валу и соединенному с ним ротору первой электрической машины, передается через якорь 5 на соединенный с ним выходной вал 6. Вся электрическая энергия, выработанная первой электрической машиной, через инвертор 12 преобразуется в постоянное напряжение, которое по шинам 14 поступает через инвертор 13 на вторую электрическую машину, ротор 10 которой соединен с корпусом 2 вариатора. Момент второй электрической машины также прикладывается к выходному валу 6, так как якорь 8 второй электрической машины так же жестко соединен с выходным валом 6. Рабочие обороты первой электрической машины определяет разность вращения входного и выходного валов. Соответственно, при постоянном входном моменте первая электрическая машина вырабатывает разное количество электрической энергии. При большой разнице вырабатывается больше электрической энергии, соответственно, увеличивается и выходной момент, так как вся выработанная первой машиной электрическая энергия поступает на вторую электрическую машину, весь крутящий момент которой также прикладывается к выходному валу 6. При малой разнице оборотов входного 1 и выходного 6 валов (малом передаточном отношении вариатора) на первой электрической машине вырабатывается меньшее количество электрической энергии и, соответственно, меньше момент, добавляемый на выходной вал 6 второй электрической машиной. В результате с ростом передаточного отношения вариатора растет момент на выходе. При уменьшении передаточного отношения момент уменьшается, при этом растет общий КПД вариатора, так как растет доля энергии, которая проходит через вариатор без двойного преобразования энергии (механическая электрическая - механическая). The variator works as follows. The input shaft 1 drives the rotor 3 with permanent magnets 7 installed on it, which induces the EMF in the windings 4 of the armature 5. The input moment applied to the input shaft and the rotor of the first electric machine connected to it, is transmitted through the armature 5 to the output shaft 6 connected to it. All the electrical energy generated by the first electric machine is converted through the inverter 12 into a constant voltage, which is fed through the buses 14 through the inverter 13 to the second an electric machine, the rotor 10 of which is connected to the case 2 of the variator. The moment of the second electrical machine is also applied to the output shaft 6, since the armature 8 of the second electrical machine is also rigidly connected to the output shaft 6. The operating speed of the first electrical machine determines the difference in rotation of the input and output shafts. Accordingly, at a constant input torque, the first electric machine generates a different amount of electrical power. With a large difference, more electrical energy is generated, respectively, the output torque increases, since all the electrical energy generated by the first machine is supplied to the second electric machine, the entire torque of which is also applied to the output shaft 6. With a small difference in the revolutions of the input 1 and output 6 shafts (small gear ratio of the variator) on the first electric machine, less electric power is generated and, accordingly, less torque added to the output shaft 6 by the second electric machine. As a result, as the variator gear ratio increases, the output torque increases. With a decrease in the gear ratio, the torque decreases, while the overall efficiency of the variator increases, since the share of energy that passes through the variator without double energy conversion (mechanical electrical - mechanical) increases.
При этом на некоторых режимах работы вариатора возможно соединение входного вала 1 напрямую с выходным валом 6 для экономии энергии.
Установка на выходной вал дополнительных электрических машин, как показано на фиг. 2, позволяет расширить рабочий диапазон соотношения частот вращения и моментов входного и выходного валов и оптимизировать характеристику крутящего момента на выходном валу в зависимости от внешних условий, заданных потребителем. In this case, in some operating modes of the variator, it is possible to connect the input shaft 1 directly with the output shaft 6 to save energy. Installation of additional electrical machines on the output shaft, as shown in FIG. 2, makes it possible to expand the operating range of the ratio of the speeds and torques of the input and output shafts and to optimize the characteristic of the torque on the output shaft depending on the external conditions specified by the consumer.
Электрические машины в составе вариатора могут быть синхронного принципа действия или асинхронного. Electric machines as part of a variator can be of a synchronous or asynchronous principle of operation.
Описываемой вариатор способен работать как в направлении передачи энергии от входного вала к выходному, так и в обратном направлении - к входному валу. В этом случае вторая машина работает в режиме генератора, а первая в режиме двигателя. The described variator is capable of operating both in the direction of energy transfer from the input shaft to the output shaft, and in the opposite direction - to the input shaft. In this case, the second machine is in generator mode and the first in engine mode.
Промышленная применимость Industrial applicability
Таким образом, использование заявленного вариатора позволяет повысить КПД системы за счет большой доли передаваемой напрямую механической энергии без преобразования ее из механической в электрическую, и обратно. Все силовые электрические компоненты вариатора находятся в одном вращающемся блоке, и большие токи силовых модулей не выхрдят за его пределы. При этом предотвращаются потери при передаче электрической энергии от одной машины во внешнюю систему управления и возврате этой энергии на другую машину, через сильноточные щеточные узлы.
Thus, the use of the claimed variator allows increasing the efficiency of the system due to a large proportion of directly transmitted mechanical energy without converting it from mechanical to electrical, and vice versa. All the power electrical components of the variator are located in one rotating block, and the high currents of the power modules will not escape from it. At the same time, losses are prevented during the transfer of electrical energy from one machine to an external control system and return of this energy to another machine through high-current brush units.
Claims
1. Электромагнитный вариатор, содержащий, по меньшей мере, две электрические машины, установленные в корпусе, входной и выходной валы, при этом на входном валу установлен вращающийся ротор первой машины, взаимодействующий с якорем первой машины, который установлен на выходном валу вариатора, якорь второй машины также установлен на выходном валу, а его обмотки электрически соединены с обмотками якоря первой машины с образованием единого вращающегося индукторного блока, а не вращающийся ротор второй машины, взаимодействующий с якорем второй машины, соединен с корпусом вариатора, причем каждая машина снабжена инвертором. 1. An electromagnetic variator containing at least two electric machines installed in a housing, input and output shafts, while the input shaft is equipped with a rotating rotor of the first machine, which interacts with the armature of the first machine, which is installed on the output shaft of the variator, the armature of the second machine is also installed on the output shaft, and its windings are electrically connected to the armature windings of the first machine to form a single rotating inductor unit, and not the rotating rotor of the second machine, which interacts with the armature of the second machine, is connected to the variator housing, each machine being equipped with an inverter.
2. Вариатор по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что ротор второй машины установлен с возможностью управляемого поступательного перемещения вдоль оси вращения якоря. 2. The variator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor of the second machine is installed with the possibility of controlled translational movement along the axis of rotation of the armature.
3. Вариатор по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что ротор второй машины взаимодействует с корпусом посредством муфты свободного хода с возможностью вращения вокруг оси вращения якоря в одном направлении. 3. The variator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor of the second machine interacts with the housing by means of a freewheel with the possibility of rotation around the axis of rotation of the armature in one direction.
4. Вариатор по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что он содержит, по меньшей мере, одну дополнительную электрическую машину, якорь которой установлен на выходном валу, а не вращающийся ротор связан с корпусом вариатора. 4. The variator according to claim. 1, characterized in that it contains at least one additional electrical machine, the armature of which is mounted on the output shaft, and not a rotating rotor is connected to the variator housing.
5. Вариатор по п. 4, отличающийся тем, что ротор дополнительной электрической машины связан с выходным валом посредством механического редуктора. 5. The variator according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotor of the additional electrical machine is connected to the output shaft by means of a mechanical gearbox.
6. Вариатор по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что он снабжен управляемой муфтой, установленной с возможностью временного соединения входного и выходного валов.
6. The variator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a controllable clutch installed with the possibility of temporary connection of the input and output shafts.
7. Вариатор по п. 1 отличающийся тем, что электрические машины в составе вариатора выполнены синхронного или асинхронного принципа· действия.
7. The variator according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric machines in the variator are made of a synchronous or asynchronous principle of action.
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RU2019115084 | 2019-02-06 | ||
RU2019115084A RU2019115084A (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2019-05-16 | Electromagnetic variator |
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WO2020204755A2 true WO2020204755A2 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
WO2020204755A3 WO2020204755A3 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
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PCT/RU2020/000099 WO2020204755A2 (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2020-02-26 | Electromagnetic variator |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AT408045B (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2001-08-27 | Schroedl Manfred Dipl Ing Dr | ELECTRICAL MACHINE |
JP4505524B2 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-07-21 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Power equipment |
RU102438U1 (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-02-27 | Леонид Борисович Куликов | ELECTROMECHANICAL VARIATOR |
RU169815U1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-04-03 | Российская Федерация, От Имени Которой Выступает Министерство Промышленности И Торговли Российской Федерации | ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCH FOR DRIVING PUMP FUEL SUPPLY OF THE AIRCRAFT ENGINE |
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