WO2020199417A1 - 数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法及装置 - Google Patents

数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2020199417A1
WO2020199417A1 PCT/CN2019/095778 CN2019095778W WO2020199417A1 WO 2020199417 A1 WO2020199417 A1 WO 2020199417A1 CN 2019095778 W CN2019095778 W CN 2019095778W WO 2020199417 A1 WO2020199417 A1 WO 2020199417A1
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battery
thermal runaway
thermal
database
tested
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French (fr)
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王昱
冯旭宁
任东生
卢兰光
欧阳明高
何向明
王莉
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Tsinghua University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a database-driven method and device for positive evaluation of the safety of power battery thermal runaway.
  • Electric vehicles are the main body of new energy vehicles, and power batteries are the core energy source of electric vehicles.
  • the driving range of an electric vehicle depends on the specific energy of the power battery and the number of batteries in the electric vehicle. Due to the space and cost constraints of electric vehicles, increasing the specific energy of power batteries has become the key to increasing the range of electric vehicles.
  • a power battery with a higher specific energy under the same volume stores more energy, and may release more energy when the heat is out of control, bringing more serious safety hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to fully evaluate and consider the thermal runaway safety of the power battery of the designed system in the power battery design process.
  • the safety of the power battery in the design process of the power battery is mainly reversely improved through the "trial and error" method.
  • the cycle of developing a new battery that meets the electrical performance requirements is approximately 12 months.
  • the battery cells are tested for thermal runaway under different abuse conditions, and the process parameters are adjusted according to the test results, and the process of "trial production-testing-adjustment" is continuously repeated until the safety of the battery meets the requirements.
  • This method of reversely improving safety greatly increases the development cost and time for new batteries.
  • a database-driven positive evaluation method for the safety of power battery thermal runaway is based on a database of battery material thermal runaway characteristics to achieve a positive evaluation of the safety of power battery thermal runaway.
  • the evaluation method includes:
  • the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model are evaluated.
  • the thermal characteristic test for battery materials includes:
  • the performing reaction kinetic analysis on multiple battery materials based on the thermal characteristic parameters includes:
  • the thermal characteristic test includes:
  • the thermal characteristic test of multiple battery materials to obtain the thermal characteristic parameters of the multiple battery materials includes:
  • the thermal characteristic parameters of the sample to be tested are obtained from the thermal characteristic curve of the constant heating rate at different heating rates of the sample to be tested.
  • the thermal characteristic test of multiple battery materials to obtain the thermal characteristic parameters of the multiple battery materials includes:
  • the thermal characteristic parameters of the coupled sample to be tested are obtained from the thermal characteristic curves of the coupled sample to be tested at a constant heating rate at different heating rates.
  • the specific steps of preparing the sample to be tested and preparing the coupled sample to be tested include:
  • the positive electrode material and negative electrode material to be tested are mixed and coated on aluminum foil or copper foil respectively, dried and cut into the size of a button battery or three-electrode battery electrode sheet, and dried again;
  • the cut electrode piece and the metal lithium electrode piece form a "positive/lithium” half-cell, "negative/lithium” half-cell or "positive/lithium/negative” three-electrode battery;
  • the battery material is selected from the washed positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet or the separator to prepare the sample to be tested and the coupled sample to be tested.
  • reaction kinetic analysis of multiple battery materials based on the thermal characteristic parameters to establish a database of thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials includes:
  • the thermal runaway characteristic database of battery materials includes:
  • Types of battery materials test data of each battery material, test results of each battery material, and basic parameters of reaction kinetics of each battery material;
  • the basic parameters of the reaction kinetics include one or more of activation energy, forward factor, reaction enthalpy change, and reaction order.
  • the thermal runaway characteristic database of battery materials includes:
  • Database layer single material layer, combined material layer and reaction recording layer.
  • the step of establishing a database of thermal runaway characteristics of the battery material includes:
  • the evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model includes:
  • the qualitative evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model includes:
  • a thermal runaway side reaction temperature sequence diagram of the battery cell model is generated, and the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model are qualitatively predicted.
  • the quantitative evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model includes:
  • the temperature change of the battery cell model during the thermal runaway process is quantitatively predicted.
  • a positive evaluation device for the safety of power battery thermal runaway includes:
  • the thermal characteristic parameter acquisition module is used to perform thermal characteristic tests on various battery materials to obtain the thermal characteristic parameters of the various battery materials;
  • the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database establishment module is used to analyze the reaction kinetics of various battery materials based on the thermal characteristic parameters to establish a battery material thermal runaway characteristic database;
  • the battery cell model establishment module is used to select the positive electrode material, the negative electrode material, the separator material and the electrolyte material from the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database to form the battery cell model;
  • the thermal runaway evaluation module is used to evaluate the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model.
  • a computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of any one of the above methods when the computer program is executed.
  • a computer-readable storage medium has a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the above methods are realized.
  • the application relates to a database-driven positive evaluation method for the safety of thermal runaway power batteries.
  • the evaluation method obtains thermal characteristic parameters by performing thermal characteristic tests on various battery materials. And based on the thermal characteristic parameters, the reaction kinetic analysis of various battery materials is performed respectively, and a database of thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials is established. Further, different battery materials are selected from the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database to form a battery cell model. Finally, the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model are evaluated.
  • the present application can obtain the thermal characteristic parameters of different battery materials based on the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database, and evaluate and predict the thermal runaway characteristics of the power battery without assembling a full battery.
  • the evaluation method of this application improves the efficiency of power battery safety design, saves battery research and development costs, and has important practical value and guiding significance for the safety design and prevention and control of power batteries for electric vehicles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a database-driven positive evaluation method for safety of power battery thermal runaway provided in an embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for obtaining thermal characteristic parameters of battery materials provided in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for obtaining thermal characteristic parameters of battery materials provided in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for establishing a database of thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of data storage entries of the battery material thermal runaway database provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the storage structure of the battery material thermal runaway database provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for qualitative evaluation of thermal runaway characteristics of a battery cell model provided in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for quantitatively evaluating thermal runaway characteristics of a battery cell model provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of qualitative prediction of thermal runaway characteristics of battery cells provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • the thermal runaway of the power battery is the result of the combined reaction of multiple materials. After the power battery is heated, the internal battery interface loses thermal stability, the negative electrode reacts with the electrolyte, the separator melts, the positive electrode decomposition reaction, and the exothermic process of large-scale internal short-circuit occurs in sequence, and finally causes the thermal runaway of the power battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a database-driven method for positive evaluation of safety of power battery thermal runaway.
  • the database-driven positive evaluation method for the safety of power battery thermal runaway is based on a database of battery material thermal runaway characteristics to design a power battery for electric vehicles.
  • the database-driven positive evaluation method for safety of power battery thermal runaway includes:
  • S10 Perform thermal characteristic tests on various battery materials to obtain thermal characteristic parameters of various battery materials.
  • testing the thermal characteristics of battery materials mainly includes testing and analyzing the thermal characteristics of the coupling between the positive electrode material, the negative electrode material, the separator material, the electrolyte material, and different components.
  • S20 Perform reaction kinetic analysis on various battery materials based on the thermal characteristic parameters, and establish a database of thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials;
  • the reaction kinetic analysis of multiple battery materials based on the thermal characteristic parameters may include the determination of the main reaction of the thermal runaway process of the material, the fitting of the main reaction kinetic parameter of the thermal runaway of the material, and the database of thermal runaway materials. Build three parts.
  • S30 Select a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a separator material, and an electrolyte material from the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database to form a battery cell model.
  • battery materials can be arbitrarily selected and switched to form multiple different types of battery cell models.
  • the details can be designed according to actual requirements, and there is no specific limitation on the structure of the battery cell model that can be formed.
  • the evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model can be divided into two parts.
  • the first part is a qualitative evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model.
  • the second part quantitatively evaluates the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model.
  • the thermal characteristics of various battery materials are tested separately to obtain the thermal characteristics of the various battery materials. And based on the thermal characteristic parameters, the reaction kinetic analysis of various battery materials is performed respectively, and a database of thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials is established. The positive electrode material, negative electrode material, separator material and electrolyte material are further selected from the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database to form a battery cell model. Finally, the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model are evaluated.
  • the present application can obtain the thermal characteristic parameters of different battery materials based on the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database, and evaluate and predict the thermal runaway characteristics of the power battery without assembling a full battery.
  • the evaluation method of this application improves the efficiency of power battery safety design, saves battery research and development costs, and has important practical value and guiding significance for the safety design and prevention and control of power batteries for electric vehicles
  • the thermal characteristic test includes three parts: the acquisition of battery materials, the thermal characteristic test of a separate battery material, and the coupled thermal characteristic test of different battery materials.
  • the first part is the acquisition of battery materials: the positive and negative electrodes are cyclically inserted into lithium before the test. Therefore, in the process of obtaining battery materials, cathode materials and anode materials need to be obtained by preparing and disassembling button batteries or three-electrode batteries.
  • the diaphragm and electrolyte can use fresh materials without recycling.
  • the second part is the test of the thermal characteristics of a single battery material: the test objects are cathode materials, anode materials, separator materials and electrolyte materials.
  • the main test content is the thermal stability of battery cathode materials, anode materials, separator materials and electrolyte materials.
  • the test instrument that can be used for the test is a differential scanning calorimeter. Finally, the thermal characteristic parameters of a separate battery material thermal characteristic test are obtained.
  • the third part is the test of coupling thermal characteristics of different battery materials: the test objects are positive electrode material + electrolyte material, negative electrode material + electrolyte material, separator material + electrolyte material, and positive electrode material + negative electrode material + electrolyte material.
  • the main test content is the coupled thermal stability of the above test objects.
  • the test instrument that can be used for the test is a differential scanning calorimeter.
  • the thermal characteristic test of multiple battery materials is performed to obtain the thermal characteristic parameters of the multiple battery materials, including:
  • S110 Select a battery material from the multiple battery materials, and prepare a sample to be tested.
  • the specific operation steps for preparing the sample to be tested are not limited one by one, and can be performed with reference to the operation steps described later.
  • S112 Perform multiple constant heating scan rate tests on the sample to be tested, and record the test results of the first type.
  • S114 repeatedly changing the scanning rate multiple times to obtain multiple first-type test results of the sample to be tested at different heating rates.
  • S116 According to the test results of the sample to be tested at different heating rates, generate a constant heating rate thermal characteristic curve of the sample to be tested at different heating rates. Step S112-Step S116 draw the thermal characteristic curve of the constant heating rate at different heating rates of the sample to be tested.
  • the constant heating rate thermal characteristic curve of the sample to be tested is drawn using the constant heating scan test method.
  • the thermal characteristic parameters of the sample to be tested can be conveniently and accurately obtained according to the thermal characteristic curve of the constant heating rate at different heating rates of the sample to be tested.
  • the thermal characteristic test of multiple battery materials is performed to obtain the thermal characteristic parameters of the multiple battery materials, including:
  • S111 selecting at least two battery materials from the multiple battery materials, and preparing a coupling sample to be tested.
  • the specific operating steps for preparing the coupled sample to be tested are not limited one by one, and can be performed with reference to the operating steps described later.
  • S113 Perform multiple constant heating scan rate tests on the coupled sample to be tested, and record the second type of test result.
  • S115 repeatedly changing the scanning rate for multiple times to obtain multiple test results of the second type of the coupled sample to be tested at different heating rates.
  • S117 According to the test results of the coupled sample to be tested at different heating rates, generate a constant heating rate thermal characteristic curve of the coupled sample to be tested at different heating rates. Step S113-Step S117 plot the thermal characteristic curve of the constant heating rate of the coupled sample to be tested at different heating rates.
  • the constant heating rate thermal characteristic curve of the coupled sample to be tested is drawn by means of a constant heating scan test. According to the constant heating rate thermal characteristic curves of the coupled sample to be tested at different heating rates, the thermal characteristic parameters of the coupled sample to be tested can be conveniently and accurately obtained.
  • step S110 and step S111 may include:
  • the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material to be tested are mixed and coated on aluminum foil or copper foil respectively, dried and cut into a button battery or three-electrode battery electrode sheet size, and dried again.
  • the empirical ratio can be used when the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are mixed.
  • other formula ratios can also be used according to different positive and negative materials.
  • the cut electrode sheet and the metal lithium electrode sheet are formed into a "positive/lithium” and “negative/lithium” half-cell or a "positive/lithium/negative” three-electrode battery;
  • S103 Use the charge and discharge stand to adjust the potential of the half-cell or three-electrode battery, that is, adjust the potential of the positive electrode or the negative electrode to lithium, so that the pole piece reaches the required lithium insertion degree (0-100%).
  • S104 Disassemble the half-cell or metal lithium battery in the glove box, take out the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator from the battery, and store them in an insulated container.
  • the taken samples can be washed.
  • the specific washing method is to soak in dimethyl carbonate for 30 minutes to 2 hours and then take it out. Then dry in an inert atmosphere in the glove box, and store in an insulated container after drying.
  • S106 Prepare a sample to be tested according to the needs of the test. During the preparation of the sample to be tested, ceramic scissors are used to cut a small amount of electrode pads, or a scraper is used to scrape a certain amount of active material for constant temperature rise scanning test, and subsequent analysis is performed.
  • step S112, step S114, step S116, step S113, step S115, and step S117 can refer to the following operations:
  • a differential scanning calorimeter can be used to test the sample to be tested or the coupled sample to be tested at a constant heating scan rate.
  • the scanning rate of the differential scanning calorimeter may be any 5 of 1°C/min, 2°C/min, 5°C/min, 10°C/min, 15°C/min, and 20°C/min. Change the scan rate and repeat the test of constant heating scan rate. At least 5 sets of thermal characteristic curves of samples with different scanning rates at constant heating rate are obtained. As shown in FIG. 4, the constant heating rate thermal characteristic curves of the sample to be tested and the coupled sample to be tested prepared from four different battery materials are provided.
  • the reaction kinetic analysis of multiple battery materials based on the thermal characteristic parameters to establish a database of thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials includes:
  • the basic parameters of the reaction kinetics include activation energy, forward factor, reaction enthalpy change, and reaction order.
  • the thermal characteristic parameters of each battery material are used to confirm the reaction kinetic parameters of each main reaction.
  • a fitting method of n-order reaction kinetic parameters based on the Arrhenius equation is given here.
  • Table 1 shows the peak temperature of a certain ternary material:
  • Peak/heating rate 2°C/min 5°C/min 10°C/min 15°C/min 20°C/min Peak 1 peak temperature 237.4 250 260.3 267.8 269 Peak 2 peak temperature 391.8 409.2 423.8 434 435.7
  • Peak 3 peak temperature 439.7 453.9 466.2 479.1 484.3
  • reaction activation energy and the reaction forward factor are obtained, where ⁇ is the heating rate, ⁇ is the conversion rate of the reaction, A is the reaction forward factor, E is the reaction activation energy, Tp is the peak temperature of the reaction, and R is the ideal gas constant 8.314J ⁇ Mol-1 ⁇ K-1.
  • reaction exothermic formula combining genetic algorithm and non-linear fitting method, the reaction enthalpy change and reaction order are obtained.
  • the reaction exothermic formula includes:
  • is the conversion rate of the reaction
  • the reaction start can be set to 1
  • n is the reaction order
  • ⁇ H is the reaction enthalpy change
  • Q is the reaction exothermic power
  • A is the reaction forward factor
  • E is the reaction activation energy
  • T I the reaction temperature
  • R is the ideal gas constant 8.314J ⁇ mol-1 ⁇ K-1.
  • establishing a database of thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials may include the following steps:
  • S231 Create a new thermal characteristic data entry of the sample to be tested or the coupled sample to be tested. Specifically, in this step, create new thermal property data entries of the sample to be tested and the coupled sample to be tested in the database. In this step, data entries are stored according to the classification and name of the sample. During storage, the electrolyte can be named according to the main salt components.
  • S232 Confirm basic information of the sample to be tested or the coupled sample to be tested. Specifically, in this step, confirm the basic information of the stored sample, including sample name, test sample size, composition/chemical formula of different components of the sample, manufacturer, batch, and other known information, and fill in the database entry. In this step, the information related to the sample needs to be recorded, including but not limited to the particle size, specific surface area, specific capacity of the positive and negative active material materials, the amount of conductive graphite and binder added, and the additives and content of the electrolyte.
  • S233 Confirm the basic condition of the test data of the sample to be tested or the coupled sample to be tested. Specifically, in this step, confirm the basic conditions of the test data, including test time, instrument model used, crucible model used, temperature rise rate selection, and other test-related information, and fill in the database entry.
  • S234 Confirm the original test data in the sample to be tested or the coupled sample to be tested. Specifically, in this step, confirm the original test data, that is, the original time, temperature, and heat flow of different temperature rise rates, and fill in the data entry. If the device is connected to other synchronous test instruments, such as mass spectrometers, the raw data needs to be recorded and stored together. In this step, at least 5 sets of sample test raw data with different temperature rise rates are stored. If other synchronous test instruments are connected, including but not limited to gas chromatographs, mass spectrometers, etc., the raw data needs to be recorded and stored together.
  • S235 Confirm the processing result of the test raw data in the sample to be tested or the coupled sample to be tested. Specifically, in this step, confirm the processing result of the original data. This step also includes confirming the temperature peak positions of different temperature rise rate curves and the reaction kinetic parameters of different peaks, and filling them in the database entry.
  • the reaction kinetic parameters of different peaks of the sample include but are not limited to reaction activation energy E, reaction forward factor A, reaction order n, and reaction enthalpy change ⁇ H. If a certain reaction peak does not belong to the standard n-order reaction type, the corresponding reaction type (such as continuous reaction, autocatalytic reaction, etc.) and the corresponding reaction kinetic parameters need to be recorded.
  • the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database described in FIG. 6 includes: battery material types, test data of each battery material, test results of each battery material, and basic dynamic parameters of each battery material. Specifically, please refer to FIG. 7.
  • the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database includes: a database layer, a single material layer, a combined material layer and a reaction recording layer. When searching data, first search according to the sample name. If there are multiple records, you can assist in searching for information such as sample size, manufacturer, and model.
  • the raw data and parameter fitting results of the thermal characteristic test of different types of battery materials are systematically stored.
  • the existing data can be directly extracted from the material thermal characteristics database for analysis. It is also possible to change a certain material composition to compare and predict the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery after the change. Further, based on the predicted results, a safer material system can be selected, or the thermal runaway characteristics of the determined material system can be improved.
  • a database of thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials is established by performing reaction kinetic analysis on various battery materials.
  • the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database can clearly and clearly display the reaction kinetic parameters of the battery material.
  • the solid electrolyte membrane (Solid Electrolyte Interface, SEI) interface of the negative electrode loses stability. .
  • SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
  • the sequence of the side reactions is not determined.
  • the initial temperature and heat release of the side reactions are also very different. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the sequence and temperature of the side reactions of the battery cells in the process of thermal runaway, and the contribution of the side reactions to the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the step S40 evaluates the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model, including qualitative evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model and evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model. Quantitative evaluation. To put it simply, it is based on the established database of the thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials, searching for the thermal runaway data of the corresponding materials and combinations, and predicting the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model.
  • the single cell model includes a positive electrode material (Ca_A), a negative electrode material (An_B), a separator material (Sep_C), and an electrolyte material (Ele_D).
  • the qualitative evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model includes:
  • S401 Search for temperature parameters when the first interface of the battery cell model begins to lose stability from the database of thermal runaway characteristics of battery materials. Searching for data in the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database according to the sample name. From the results of the thermal stability test of the negative electrode material (An_B) + electrolyte material (Ele_D), or the positive electrode material (Ca_A) + electrolyte material (Ele_D), confirm the initial temperature and maximum temperature at which the first interface begins to lose stability With termination temperature.
  • the first interface to lose stability refers to the decomposition peak of the solid electrolyte membrane that is the negative electrode for the conventional liquid organic electrolyte system. In this step, for the conventional liquid organic electrolyte system, the position of the SEI decomposition peak is about 100° C., that is, peak 1 of the negative electrode material shown in FIG. 4.
  • S403 Confirm the starting temperature, the maximum temperature and the ending temperature of the first decomposition reaction peak of the positive electrode of the battery cell model. Searching for data in the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database according to the sample name. From the results of the thermal stability test of the positive electrode material (Ca_A), the starting temperature, maximum temperature and ending temperature of the first decomposition reaction peak of the positive electrode were confirmed. The first thermal decomposition peak of the positive electrode material in this step is the peak 1 of the positive electrode material in FIG. 4.
  • S404 Confirm the starting temperature of the main heat generation peak after the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell model are mixed. Searching for data in the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database according to the sample name. According to the results of the thermal stability test of the positive electrode material (Ca_A) + negative electrode material (An_B), the starting temperature of the main heat generation peak after the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are mixed is confirmed.
  • the main heat generation peak of the positive electrode material + negative electrode material in this step is the peak 4 of the positive electrode material + negative electrode material in FIG. 4.
  • S405 Confirm the temperature at which the diaphragm of the battery cell model begins to decompose and the temperature at which the diaphragm completely collapses. Searching for data in the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database according to the sample name. From the results of the thermal stability test of the diaphragm material (Sep_C) + electrolyte material (Ele_D), the temperature at which the diaphragm material begins to decompose and completely collapse is confirmed. In this step, the onset temperature of the large-scale internal short circuit is the temperature at which the diaphragm material in FIG. 4 completely collapses.
  • S406 Generate a thermal runaway side reaction temperature sequence diagram of the battery cell model according to time and the temperature parameter, and qualitatively predict the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model.
  • the acquisition sequence of the temperature parameters in the above steps S401-S405 can be adjusted by itself, and it is not limited to the above acquisition sequence here. According to the temperature range confirmed in S401-S405 above, a temperature sequence diagram of the thermal runaway side reaction is generated.
  • the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model composed of cathode material (Ca_A), anode material (An_B), separator material (Sep_C) and electrolyte material (Ele_D) are qualitatively predicted.
  • the quantitative evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model includes:
  • S412 Obtain the reaction kinetic parameters of each main reaction of the thermal stability test of the coupled sample of the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material from the database of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery material.
  • the reaction kinetic parameters of each main reaction of the positive electrode material (Ca_A) + negative electrode material (An_B) coupled thermal stability test can be obtained from the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database according to the sample name.
  • the total heat generation power of the anode material (An_B) + electrolyte material (Ele_D) is Q1
  • the heat generation curve has three main reactions. According to the principle of heat generation superposition, the heat generation power corresponding to the main reaction is Q11, Q12, Q13,
  • reaction kinetic parameters of each main reaction can be obtained in the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database, and then Q11, Q12, Q13 can be calculated by formulas (2)-(5), and then Q1 can be obtained according to formula (6);
  • the positive electrode material (Ca_A) + negative electrode material (An_B) coupling heat generation power Q2 and separator heat generation power Q3 can be obtained.
  • the total heat generation power Q of the battery cell model is:
  • the temperature rise rate of the battery under adiabatic conditions satisfies the formula:
  • FIG. 10 is a prediction diagram of thermal runaway characteristics of a battery cell model composed of cathode material (Ca_A), anode material (An_B), separator material (Sep_C), and electrolyte material (Ele_D).
  • Figure 10 shows the temperature range corresponding to the thermal runaway side reaction, marked as the corresponding side reaction process.
  • the battery cell model thermal runaway characteristic prediction graph it can be predicted that the battery cell will start to generate heat at about 100°C, and the internal short circuit will occur due to the breakdown of the diaphragm at about 220°C, and it will change from positive The large-scale heat generation of the negative electrode causes thermal runaway.
  • a database-driven power battery thermal runaway safety positive evaluation device includes:
  • the thermal characteristic parameter acquisition module is used to perform thermal characteristic tests on various battery materials to obtain the thermal characteristic parameters of the various battery materials;
  • the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database establishment module is used to analyze the reaction kinetics of various battery materials based on the thermal characteristic parameters to establish a battery material thermal runaway characteristic database;
  • the battery cell model establishment module is used to select the positive electrode material, the negative electrode material, the separator material and the electrolyte material from the battery material thermal runaway characteristic database to form the battery cell model;
  • the thermal runaway evaluation module is used to evaluate the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery cell model.
  • a computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of any one of the above methods when the computer program is executed.
  • a computer-readable storage medium has a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the above methods are realized.
  • Non-volatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory.
  • RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous chain Channel (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

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Abstract

一种数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,所述方法通过对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得热特性参数。基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库。从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中选取不同的电池材料,组成电池单体模型。最终实现对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价。基于所述电池材料热失控特性数据库,获得不同电池材料的热特性参数,在不组装出全电池的情况下对动力电池的热失控特性进行评价和预测。所述评价方法提高了动力电池安全性设计的效率,节约电池研发成本,对于电动车用动力电池的安全设计与防控具有重要的实用价值和指导意义。

Description

数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法及装置
相关申请
本申请要求2019年04月02日申请的,申请号为201910260025.8,名称为“数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域,特别是涉及一种数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法及装置。
背景技术
电动汽车是新能源汽车的主体,动力电池是电动汽车的核心能量源。电动汽车的续驶里程取决于动力电池的比能量和电动汽车搭载的电池数量。由于电动汽车的空间和成本的限制,提高动力电池的比能量成为增加电动汽车续驶里程的关键。一般地,相同体积下更高比能量的动力电池存储的能量更多,在热失控时可能释放出更多的能量,带来更加严重的安全隐患。因此,需要在动力电池设计过程中就对所设计体系的动力电池的热失控安全性进行充分评价和考量。
传统的,动力电池设计过程中的动力电池安全性主要通过“试错”的方法进行逆向改进。开发一款满足电性能需求的新电池周期约为12个月。开发成功之后再对电池单体进行不同滥用条件下的热失控测试,并根据测试结果调整工艺参数,不断重复“试制-测试-调整”的工艺过程直到电池的安全性满足要求。这种安全性逆向改进的方法大大增加了新电池研发成本和研发时间。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对传统的电池安全性逆向评估方法大大增加新电池研发成本和研发时间的问题,提供一种基于材料数据库的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法及装置。
一种数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,基于电池材料热失控特性数据库,实现对动力电池热失控安全性的正向评价,所述评价方法包括:
对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,以获得所述多种电池材料的热特性参数;
基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库;
从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中选取正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料和电解液材料,组成电池单体模型;以及
对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价。
在一个实施例中,所述对于电池材料的热特性测试,包括:
对正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料、电解液材料及不同组分间的耦合热特性进行测试和分析。
在一个实施例中,所述基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,包括:
材料热失控过程主反应的确定、材料热失控主反应动力学参数拟合和热失控材料数据库的建立。
在一个实施例中,所述热特性测试包括:
所述电池材料的获取;
单独的所述电池材料热特性测试;以及
不同的所述电池材料耦合热特性测试。
在一个实施例中,所述对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得多种电池材料的热特性参数,包括:
从所述多种电池材料中选取一种电池材料,制备待测试样品;
对所述待测试样品在某一升温速率下进行多次恒升温扫描速率的测试,记录第一类测试结果;
改变升温扫描速率重复多次,以获得不同升温速率下,所述待测试样品的多个所述第一类测试结果;
根据不同升温速率下所述待测试样品的测试结果,生成所述待测试样品在不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线;
从所述待测试样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线中,获取所述待测试样品的热特性参数。
在一个实施例中,所述对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得多种电池材料的热特性参数,包括:
从所述多种电池材料中选取至少两种电池材料,制备待测试耦合样品;
对所述待测试耦合样品在某一升温速率下进行多次恒升温扫描速率的测试,记录第二类测试结果;
改变升温扫描速率重复多次,以获得不同升温速率下,所述待测试耦合样品的多个所述第二类测试结果;
根据不同升温速率下所述待测试耦合样品的测试结果,生成所述待测试耦合样品在不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线;
从所述待测试耦合样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线中,获取所述待测试耦合样品的热特性参数。
在一个实施例中,制备所述待测试样品和制备所述待测试耦合样品的具体步骤,包括:
将需要测试的正极材料和负极材料混浆后分别涂覆在铝箔或铜箔上,干燥后裁成纽扣电池或三电极电池电极片大小,并再次干燥;
在手套箱内将裁好的电极片与金属锂极片组成“正极/锂”半电池、“负极/锂”半电池或者“正极/锂/负极”三电极电池;
使用充放电台架调整所述“正极/锂”半电池、所述“负极/锂”半电池或者所述“正极/锂/负极”三电极电池的电位;
在手套箱内拆解所述“正极/锂”半电池、所述“负极/锂”半电池或者所述“正极/锂/负极”三电极电池,取出电池中的正极片、负极片、隔膜,并使用绝缘容器分别保存;
根据测试需要,对所述正极片、所述负极片或者所述隔膜进行洗涤;以及
从洗涤后的所述正极片、所述负极片或者所述隔膜中选取电池材料制备所述待测试样品和所述待测试耦合样品。
在一个实施例中,所述基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库,包括:
根据所述恒升温速率热特性曲线判断所述电池材料的主反应;
基于化学反应动力学方程,拟合所述主反应的反应动力学基本参数;
结合所述电池材料的原始数据和拟合得到的反应动力学基本参数建立电池材料热失控特性数据库。
在一个实施例中,所述电池材料热失控特性数据库,包括:
电池材料种类、每一种电池材料的测试数据、每一种电池材料的测试结果以及每一种电池材料的反应动力学基本参数;
所述反应动力学基本参数包括活化能、前向因子、反应焓变和反应级数中的一种或多种。
在一个实施例中,所述电池材料热失控特性数据库,包括:
数据库层、单一材料层、组合材料层和反应记录层。
在一个实施例中,建立所述电池材料热失控特性数据库的步骤,包括:
新建所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品的热特性数据条目;
确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品的基本信息;
确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品测试数据的基本情况;
确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品中所述测试原始数据;
确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品中所述测试原始数据的处理结果;
以上步骤均确认无误后,保存上述的数据库条目,以形成所述电池材料热失控特性数据库。
在一个实施例中,所述对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价,包括:
对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定性评价;以及
对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定量评价。
在一个实施例中,所述对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定性评价,包括:
从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中查找所述电池单体模型第一个界面开始失去稳定性时的温度参数;
确认所述电池单体模型负极与电解液反应峰的起始温度、最高温度与终止温度;
确认所述电池单体模型正极第一个分解反应峰的起始温度、最高温度与终止温度;
确认所述电池单体模型正负极混合后主产热峰的起始温度;
确认所述电池单体模型隔膜开始分解的温度和隔膜完全崩溃的温度;
根据时间和所述温度参数,生成所述电池单体模型的热失控副反应温度序列图,对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行定性预测。
在一个实施例中,所述对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定量评价,包括:
从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得负极材料和电解液材料耦合样品热稳定性测试的各主反应的反应动力学参数;
从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得正极材料和负极材料耦合样品热稳定性测试的各主反应的反应动力学参数;
从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得隔膜材料样品的各主反应的反应动力学参数;
基于叠加原理与能量守恒方程,定量预测所述电池单体模型在热失控过程中的温度变化。
一种动力电池热失控安全性正向评价装置。所述装置包括:
热特性参数获取模块,用于对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,以获得所述多种电池材料的热特性参数;
电池材料热失控特性数据库建立模块,用于基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库;
电池单体模型建立模块,用于从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中选取正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料和电解液材料,组成电池单体模型;以及
热失控评价模块,用于对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价。
一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述任一项所述方法的步骤。
一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述任一项所述的方法的步骤。
本申请涉及一种数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法。所述评价方法通过对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得热特性参数。并基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库。进一步从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中选取不同的电池材料,组成电池单体模型。最终实现对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价。本申请可以基于所述电池材料热失控特性数据库,获得不同电池材料的热特性参数,在不组装出全电池的情况下对动力电池的热失控特性进行评价和预测。本申请的评价方法提高了动力电池安全性设计的效率,节约电池研发成本,对于电动车用动力电池的安全设计与防控具有重要的实用价值和指导意义。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据公 开的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一个实施例中提供的一种数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法的流程示意图;
图2为本申请一个实施例中提供的一种获得电池材料的热特性参数的方法流程示意图;
图3为本申请一个实施例中提供的一种获得电池材料的热特性参数的方法流程示意图;
图4为本申请实施例中提供的电池材料差示扫描量热仪测试结果示意图;
图5为本申请一个实施例中提供的一种建立电池材料热失控特性数据库的方法流程示意图;
图6为本申请实施例中提供的电池材料热失控数据库的数据存储条目示意图;
图7为本申请实施例中提供的电池材料热失控数据库的存储结构示意图;
图8为本申请一个实施例中提供的一种电池单体模型热失控特性的定性评价方法的流程示意图;
图9为本申请一个实施例中提供的一种电池单体模型热失控特性的定量评价方法的流程示意图;
图10为本申请实施例中提供的电池单体热失控特性定性预测示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
由于动力电池热失控时的反应过程较为复杂,动力电池受热发展成为热失控是多种材料间的耦合反应共同作用的结果。在动力电池受热后,内部会依次发生电池界面失去热稳定性、负极与电解液反应、隔膜熔化、正极分解反应、以及大规模内短路的放热过程,并最终导致动力电池的热失控。
基于上述分析,需要提供一种在电池设计的过程中就可以对电池单体热失控特性进行正向预测的方法。这种正向预测的方法不仅需要考虑电池内部不同组分材料单独的放热反应,也需要考虑多种材料间的耦合热失控特性。如果可以建立以材料热失控、材料耦合热失控数据为基础的材料热失控特性数据库,就能够在电池设计阶段,对不同种类材料组合制成的全电池的热失控行为进行预测。基于电池材料热失控特性数据库来设计电动车用动力电池,可以进一步提高动力电池安全性设计的效率、节约电池研发成本,对于电动车用动力电池的安全设计与防控具有重要的实用价值和指导意义。
请参阅图1,本申请实施例提供一种数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法。所述数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法基于电池材料热失控特性数据库来设计电动车用动力电池。
所述数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法包括:
S10,对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得多种电池材料的热特性参数。
本步骤中,对于电池材料的热特性测试主要包括对正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料、电解液材料及不同组分间的耦合热特性进行测试和分析。
S20,基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库;
本步骤中,所述基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析可以包括材料热失控过程主反应的确定、材料热失控主反应动力学参数拟合和热失控材料数据库的建立三个部分。
S30,从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中选取正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料和电解液材料,组成电池单体模型。
本步骤中,可以任意选取和切换电池材料组成多种不同类型的电池单体模型。具体的可以根据实际需求进行设计,对于能组成的所述电池单体模型的结构,在此不作具体的限定。
S40,对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价。
本步骤中,对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性评价可以分为两部分。第一部分对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性的定性评价。第二部分对所述电池单体模型热失控特性定量评价。
本实施例中,对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得多种电池材料的热特性参数。并基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库。进一步从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中选取正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料和电解液材料,组成电池单体模型。最终实现对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价。本申请可以基于所述电池材料热失控特性数据库,获得不同电池材料的热特性参数,在不组装出全电池的情况下对动力电池的热失控特性进行评价和预测。本申请的评价方法提高了动力电池安全性设计的效率,节约电池研发成本,对于电动车用动力电池的安全设计与防控具有重要的实用价值和指导意义
在一个实施例中,所述热特性测试包括:电池材料的获取,单独的电池材料热特性测试以及不同电池材料耦合热特性测试三部分。
第一部分,电池材料的获取:在测试前对正负极材料进行循环嵌锂。因此在电池材料获取环节中,正极材料和负极材料需要通过制备和拆解纽扣电池或者三电极电池得到。隔膜和电解液可以使用未经循环的新鲜材料。
第二部分,单一的电池材料热特性测试:测试对象为正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料以及电解液材料。主要测试内容为电池正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料和电解液材料的热稳定性。测试可使用的测试仪器为差示扫描量热仪。最终获得单独的电池材料热特性测试的热特性参数。
第三部分,不同电池材料耦合热特性测试:测试对象为正极材料+电解液材料、负极材料+电解液材料、隔膜材料+电解液材料以及正极材料+负极材料+电解液材料。主要测试 内容为以上测试对象的耦合热稳定性。测试可使用的测试仪器为差示扫描量热仪。最终获得不同电池材料耦合热特性测试的热特性参数。
请参阅图2,在一个实施例中,所述对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得多种电池材料的热特性参数,包括:
S110,从所述多种电池材料中选取一种电池材料,制备待测试样品。制备所述待测试样品的具体操作步骤并不一一限定,可以参阅后述的操作步骤进行。
S112,对所述待测试样品进行多次恒升温扫描速率的测试,记录第一类测试结果。S114,重复多次改变扫描速率,以获得不同升温速率下,所述待测试样品的多个所述第一类测试结果。S116,根据不同升温速率下所述待测试样品的测试结果,生成所述待测试样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线。步骤S112-步骤S116绘制了所述待测试样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线。
S118,从所述待测试样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线中,获取所述待测试样品的热特性参数。
本实施例中,利用恒升温扫描测试的方式绘制出了所述待测试样品的恒升温速率热特性曲线。根据所述待测试样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线可以方便准确的获取所述待测试样品的热特性参数。
请参阅图3,在一个实施例中,所述对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得多种电池材料的热特性参数,包括:
S111,从所述多种电池材料中选取至少两种电池材料,制备待测试耦合样品。制备所述待测试耦合样品的具体操作步骤并不一一限定,可以参阅后述的操作步骤进行。
S113,对所述待测试耦合样品进行多次恒升温扫描速率的测试,记录第二类测试结果。S115,重复多次改变扫描速率,以获得不同升温速率下,所述待测试耦合样品的多个所述第二类测试结果。S117,根据不同升温速率下所述待测试耦合样品的测试结果,生成所述待测试耦合样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线。步骤S113-步骤S117绘制了所述待测试耦合样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线。
S119,从所述待测试耦合样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线中,获取所述待测试耦合样品的热特性参数。
本实施例中,利用恒升温扫描测试的方式绘制出了所述待测试耦合样品的恒升温速率热特性曲线。根据所述待测试耦合样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线可以方便准确的获取所述待测试耦合样品的热特性参数。
以上两个实施例,在步骤S110和步骤S111中制备待测试样品和制备待测试耦合样品的具体步骤可以包括:
S101,将需要测试的正极材料和负极材料混浆后分别涂覆在铝箔或铜箔上,干燥后裁成纽扣电池或三电极电池电极片大小,并再次干燥。所述正极材料和所述负极材料混浆时可以使用经验比例,质量比正极材料:PVDF(粘结剂):石墨=8:1:1,质量比负极材料:PVDF(粘结剂)=94:6。具体的,在实际操作中还可以根据不同的正负极材料采用其他的配方比例。
S102,在手套箱内将装裁好的电极片与金属锂极片组成“正极/锂”和“负极/锂”半 电池或者“正极/锂/负极”三电极电池;
S103,使用充放电台架调整半电池或三电极电池电位,即调整正极或负极对锂电位,使极片达到所需要的嵌锂程度(0-100%)。
S104,在手套箱内拆解半电池或金属锂电池,取出电池中的正极片、负极片、隔膜,使用绝缘容器分别保存。
S105,根据测试需要,可以对取出的样品进行洗涤。洗涤的具体方法为在碳酸二甲酯中浸泡30分钟-2小时后取出。然后在手套箱惰性气氛内进行干燥,干燥后使用绝缘容器保存。
S106,根据测试的需要制备待测试样品。所述待测试样品在制备时使用陶瓷剪刀剪取少量电极片,或用刮刀刮取一定量的活性材料用于恒升温扫描测试,并进行后续分析。
以上两个实施例中,在步骤S112、步骤S114以及步骤S116和步骤S113、步骤S115以及步骤S117的具体步骤可以参考以下的操作:
在手套箱中取用中保存好的电池材料。按照测试需要制备待测试样品或者待测试耦合样品并放入测试容器。在制备耦合热特性测试的样品时,不同电池组分需要按照单体电池/纽扣电池中的实际质量比例或经验比例制备。样品制备好之后,可以使用差示扫描量热仪对待测试样品或者待测试耦合样品进行恒升温扫描速率的测试。具体的,差示扫描量热仪的扫描速率可以为1℃/min,2℃/min,5℃/min,10℃/min,15℃/min,20℃/min中的任意5个。改变扫描速率,重复进行恒升温扫描速率的测试。得到至少5组不同扫描速率的样品恒升温速率热特性曲线。如图4所示,提供了四种不同的电池材料制备的所述待测试样品和所述待测试耦合样品的恒升温速率热特性曲线。
请参阅图5,在一个实施例中,所述基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库,包括:
S210,根据所述恒升温速率热特性曲线判断所述电池材料的主反应。本步骤中,主反应确认需要依据如图4所示的材料热稳定性测试结果。如图4所示,正极材料分解有三个主要的放热峰,可以判定为三个主反应。负极材料有三个主要的放热峰,也为三个主反应。正极材料+负极材料有三个主要的放热峰,可以判定为三个主反应。隔膜材料只有在约140℃处的一个明显的吸热峰,判定为一个主反应。
S220,基于化学反应动力学方程Arrhenius,拟合所述主反应的反应动力学基本参数。具体的,在一个实施例中,所述反应动力学基本参数包括活化能、前向因子、反应焓变和反应级数。
利用各个电池材料的所述热特性参数确认各主反应的反应动力学参数。在此给出一种基于Arrhenius方程的n级反应动力学参数拟合方法。首先确认不同主反应在不同升温速率下的峰值温度,如表1是某种三元材料的峰值温度:
表1 某三元正极材料不同升温速率峰值温度:
峰/升温速率 2℃/分钟 5℃/分钟 10℃/分钟 15℃/分钟 20℃/分钟
峰1峰值温度 237.4 250 260.3 267.8 269
峰2峰值温度 391.8 409.2 423.8 434 435.7
峰3峰值温度 439.7 453.9 466.2 479.1 484.3
对于峰1,峰值温度与升温速率满足的公式:
Figure PCTCN2019095778-appb-000001
得到反应活化能和反应前向因子,其中,β为升温速率,α为反应的转化率,A为反应前向因子,E为反应活化能,Tp为反应峰值温度,R为理想气体常数8.314J·mol-1·K-1。
根据反应放热公式,结合遗传算法和非线性拟合方法得到反应焓变和反应级数。所述反应放热公式包括:
Figure PCTCN2019095778-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019095778-appb-000003
f(α(t))=(α(t)) n        (4)
Figure PCTCN2019095778-appb-000004
其中,α为反应的转化率,反应起始可设为1,n为反应级数,ΔH为反应焓变,Q为反应放热功率,A为反应前向因子,E为反应活化能,T为反应温度,R为理想气体常数8.314J·mol-1·K-1。
根据式(1)线性拟合可以得到峰1反应的活化能及前向因子,再根据反应放热公式(2)-(5),采用遗传算法等非线性拟合方法可以得到峰1反应的焓变及反应级数。对于峰2和峰3的反应动力学参数可以用同样的方法获得。如表2所示,是某种三元材料拟合得到的反应动力学参数示意:
表2 某三元正极材料各主反应反应动力学参数拟合结果
反应动力学参数/反应峰 峰1 峰2 峰3
A/s -1 7.1×10 12 8.71×10 12 8.71×10 12
E/J·mol -1 1.51×10 5 2.00×10 5 2.13×10 5
n 1.14 1.61 1.65
ΔH/J 50 78.5 15.6
S230,结合所述电池材料的原始数据和拟合得到的反应动力学基本参数建立电池材料热失控特性数据库。
具体的,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库可以包括以下步骤:
S231,新建所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品的热特性数据条目。具体的本步骤中,在数据库中新建待测试样品、待测试耦合样品的热特性数据条目。本步骤中,数据条目按照样品的分类和名称进行存储。其中在存储时,电解液可以按照主要的盐成分进行命名。
S232,确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品的基本信息。具体的本步骤中,确认存储样品的基本信息,包括样品名称、测试样品量、样品不同组分的组成/化学式、厂商、批次以及其它已知信息,并填入数据库条目中。本步骤中与样品相关的信息均需要记录,包括但不限于正负极活性物质材料的粒度、比表面积、比容量、添加导电石墨和粘结剂量,以及电解液的添加剂及含量。
S233,确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品测试数据的基本情况。具体的本步骤中,确认测试数据的基本情况,包括测试时间、使用的仪器型号、使用坩埚型号、温升速率选取以及其它测试相关信息,并填入数据库条目中。
S234,确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品中所述测试原始数据。具体的本步骤中,确认测试原始数据,即不同温升速率的原始时间、温度、热流量,并填入数据条目中。此处如果设备有连接其他的同步测试仪器,如质谱仪等,原始数据需要一并记录和存储。本步骤中,至少存储5组不同温升速率的样品测试原始数据,如有连接其他的同步测试仪器,包括但不限于气相色谱仪、质谱仪等,原始数据需要一并记录和存储。
S235,确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品中所述测试原始数据的处理结果。具体的本步骤中,确认原始数据的处理结果。本步骤中还包括确认不同温升速率曲线的温度峰位置、以及不同峰值的反应动力学参数,并填入数据库条目中。本步骤中,样品不同峰值的反应动力学参数包括但不限于反应活化能E,反应前向因子A,反应级数n,反应焓变ΔH。如果某个反应峰不属于标准n级反应类型,需要记录该反应峰对应的反应类型(如连续反应、自催化反应等)及相应的反应动力学参数。
S236,以上步骤均确认无误后,保存上述的数据库条目,以形成所述电池材料热失控特性数据库。具体的本步骤中,确认无误后,保存该数据库条目。
具体的,请参阅图6在一个实施例中,所述电池材料热失控特性数据库是针对三元111(Liy(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2)+电解液(1mol LiPF6EC:EMC:DMC=1:1:1)组成的所述电池单体模型建立的。图6中所述电池材料热失控特性数据库包括:电池材料种类、每一种电池材料的测试数据、每一种电池材料的测试结果以及每一种电池材料的动力学基本参数。具体的,请参阅图7在一个实施例中,所述电池材料热失控特性数据库是针对三元111(Liy(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2)+电解液(1mol LiPF6EC:EMC:DMC=1:1:1)组成的所述电池单体模型建立的。所述电池材料热失控特性数据库,包括:数据库层、单一材料层、组合材料层和反应记录层。在数据进行查找时,首先按照样品名称进行查找,如有多条记录,可以辅助样品量、厂商、型号等信息查找。
本实施例中,在所述电池材料热失控特性数据库的建立时,系统地存储不同种类电池材料热特性测试的原始数据及参数拟合结果。在进行不同材料体系电池单体的热失控特性预测时,可以直接从材料热特性数据库中提取已有的数据进行分析。也可以更改某一材料组分,对改变后的电池热失控特性进行对比预测。进一步可根据预测结果,选取较为安全的材料体系,或对已确定的材料体系热失控特性进行改进。
本实施例中,通过对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特 性数据库。所述电池材料热失控特性数据库可以清楚、明了的显示所述电池材料的反应动力学参数。
由于电池热失控是由一系列链式反应过程最终导致的,对于目前广泛使用的液态有机电解质锂离子动力电池,在受热时首先是负极的固体电解质膜(Solid Electrolyte Interface,SEI)界面失去稳定性。在实际电池热失控的过程中,各副反应的顺序并不是确定的,对于不同的电池材料和耦合过程,各副反应的起始温度、放热量也有很大差别。因此,需要确认电池单体在热失控的过程中,各副反应的发生顺序与温度,以及各副反应放热对电池热失控的贡献。
在一个实施例中,所述步骤S40对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价,包括对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定性评价以及对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定量评价。简单来说是根据所建立的所述电池材料热失控特性数据库,查找对应材料及组合的热失控数据,对电池单体模型的热失控特性进行预测。
请参阅图8,在一个实施例中,所述单体电池模型包括正极材料(Ca_A)、负极材料(An_B)、隔膜材料(Sep_C)和电解液材料(Ele_D)。所述S40,对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定性评价,包括:
S401,从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中查找所述电池单体模型第一个界面开始失去稳定性时的温度参数。在所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中根据样品名称查找数据。由负极材料(An_B)+电解液材料(Ele_D),或正极材料(Ca_A)+电解液材料(Ele_D)的热稳定性测试的结果,确认首个界面开始失去稳定性的起始温度、最高温度与终止温度。其中首个界面开始失去稳定性是指对于常规液态有机电解质体系为负极的固体电解质膜分解峰。本步骤中,对于常规的液态有机电解液体系,SEI分解峰的位置为100℃左右,即图4中所示的负极材料的峰1。
S402,确认所述电池单体模型负极与电解液反应峰的起始温度、最高温度与终止温度。在所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中根据样品名称查找数据。由负极材料(An_B)+电解液材料(Ele_D)热稳定性测试的结果,确认负极与电解液反应峰的起始温度、最高温度与终止温度。本步骤中负极材料与电解液材料的反应峰紧随SEI分解峰之后,即图4中负极材料的峰2。
S403,确认所述电池单体模型正极第一个分解反应峰的起始温度、最高温度与终止温度。在所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中根据样品名称查找数据。由正极材料(Ca_A)热稳定性测试的结果,确认正极第一个分解反应峰的起始温度、最高温度与终止温度。本步骤中正极材料的第一个热分解峰即图4中正极材料的峰1。
S404,确认所述电池单体模型正负极混合后主产热峰的起始温度。在所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中根据样品名称查找数据。由正极材料(Ca_A)+负极材料(An_B)耦合热稳定性测试的结果,确认正极材料和负极材料混合后主产热峰的起始温度。本步骤中正极材料+负极材料的主产热峰即图4中正极材料+负极材料的峰4。
S405,确认所述电池单体模型隔膜开始分解的温度和隔膜完全崩溃的温度。在所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中根据样品名称查找数据。由隔膜材料(Sep_C)+电解液材料 (Ele_D)材料热稳定性测试的结果,确认隔膜材料开始分解与完全崩溃的温度。本步骤中,大规模内短路开始温度为图4中隔膜材料完全崩溃的温度。
S406,根据时间和所述温度参数,生成所述电池单体模型的热失控副反应温度序列图,对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行定性预测。上述步骤S401-S405中温度参数的获取顺序可以自行调整,在此不仅仅限定为以上的一种获取顺序。根据以上S401-S405中确认的温度范围,生成热失控副反应温度序列图。对由正极材料(Ca_A)、负极材料(An_B)、隔膜材料(Sep_C)、电解液材料(Ele_D)组成的电池单体模型的热失控特性进行定性预测。
请参阅图9,在一个实施例中,所述对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定量评价,包括:
S411,从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得负极材料和电解液材料耦合样品热稳定性测试的各主反应的反应动力学参数。本步骤中,可以根据样品名称,从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得负极材料(An_B)+电解液材料(Ele_D)耦合热稳定性测试的各主反应的反应动力学参数。
S412,从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得正极材料和负极材料耦合样品热稳定性测试的各主反应的反应动力学参数。本步骤中,可以根据样品名称,从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得正极材料(Ca_A)+负极材料(An_B)耦合热稳定性测试的各主反应的反应动力学参数。
S413,从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得隔膜材料样品的各主反应的反应动力学参数。本步骤中,可以根据样品名称,从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得隔膜材料(Sep_C)的各主反应的反应动力学参数。
S414,基于叠加原理与能量守恒方程,定量预测所述电池单体模型在热失控过程中的温度变化。
本步骤中,定量预测电池热失控温度变化的方法如下:
假设在S411中,负极材料(An_B)+电解液材料(Ele_D)的总产热功率为Q1,产热曲线共有三个主反应,根据产热叠加原理,对应主反应的产热功率为Q11,Q12,Q13则,
Q 1=Q 11+Q 12+Q 13         (6)
各主反应的反应动力学参数可以在所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中获得,则能够通过公式(2)-(5)计算得到Q11,Q12,Q13,进而根据公式(6)获得Q1;
同理可以获得正极材料(Ca_A)+负极材料(An_B)耦合产热功率Q2和隔膜产热功率Q3,根据产热叠加原理,所述电池单体模型的总产热功率Q为:
Q=Q 1+Q 2+Q 3          (7)
根据能量守恒方程,在绝热条件下电池的温升速率满足公式:
Figure PCTCN2019095778-appb-000005
再对所述电池单体模型的温升速率积分,就可以得到电池在绝热热失控条件下,单体温度随时间的变化规律,即对电池单体在热失控过程中的温度特性进行定量预测。
请参阅图10,为由正极材料(Ca_A)、负极材料(An_B)、隔膜材料(Sep_C)、电解液材料(Ele_D)组成的电池单体模型的热失控特性预测图。图10示出了对应热失控副反应的温度范围,标注为对应的副反应过程。如图10所示的电池单体模型热失控特性预测图,可以预测该电池单体约在100℃左右开始自产热,在220℃左右由于隔膜崩溃发生内短路,并在220℃左右由正负极的大规模放热发生热失控。
应该理解的是,虽然图1-图3、图5和图8-图9的流程图中的各个步骤按照箭头的指示依次显示,但是这些步骤并不是必然按照箭头指示的顺序依次执行。除非本文中有明确的说明,这些步骤的执行并没有严格的顺序限制,这些步骤可以以其它的顺序执行。而且,图1-图3、图5和图8-图9的至少一部分步骤可以包括多个子步骤或者多个阶段,这些子步骤或者阶段并不必然是在同一时刻执行完成,而是可以在不同的时刻执行,这些子步骤或者阶段的执行顺序也不必然是依次进行,而是可以与其它步骤或者其它步骤的子步骤或者阶段的至少一部分轮流或者交替地执行。
一种数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价装置。所述装置包括:
热特性参数获取模块,用于对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,以获得所述多种电池材料的热特性参数;
电池材料热失控特性数据库建立模块,用于基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库;
电池单体模型建立模块,用于从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中选取正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料和电解液材料,组成电池单体模型;以及
热失控评价模块,用于对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价。
一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述任一项所述方法的步骤。
一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述任一项所述的方法的步骤。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的计算机程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中,该计算机程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中,本申请所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、存储、数据库或其它介质的任何引用,均可包括非易失性和/或易失性存储器。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(RAM)或者外部高速缓冲存储器。作为说明而非局限,RAM以多种形式可得,诸如静态RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据率SDRAM(DDRSDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路(Synchlink)DRAM(SLDRAM)、存储器总线(Rambus)直接RAM(RDRAM)、直接存储器总线动态RAM(DRDRAM)、以及存储器总线动态RAM(RDRAM)等。
最后,还需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,基于电池材料热失控特性数据库,实现对动力电池热失控安全性的正向评价,所述评价方法包括:
    对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,以获得所述多种电池材料的热特性参数;
    基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库;
    从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中选取正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料和电解液材料,组成电池单体模型;以及
    对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述对于电池材料的热特性测试,包括:
    对正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料、电解液材料及不同组分间的耦合热特性进行测试和分析。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,包括:
    材料热失控过程主反应的确定、材料热失控主反应动力学参数拟合和热失控材料数据库的建立。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述热特性测试包括:
    所述电池材料的获取;
    单独的所述电池材料热特性测试;以及
    不同的所述电池材料耦合热特性测试。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得多种电池材料的热特性参数,包括:
    从所述多种电池材料中选取一种电池材料,制备待测试样品;
    对所述待测试样品在某一升温速率下进行多次恒升温扫描速率的测试,记录第一类测试结果;
    改变升温扫描速率重复多次,以获得不同升温速率下,所述待测试样品的多个所述第一类测试结果;
    根据不同升温速率下所述待测试样品的测试结果,生成所述待测试样品在不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线;
    从所述待测试样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线中,获取所述待测试样品的热特性参数。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,获得多种电池材料的热特性参数,包括:
    从所述多种电池材料中选取至少两种电池材料,制备待测试耦合样品;
    对所述待测试耦合样品在某一升温速率下进行多次恒升温扫描速率的测试,记录第二类测试结果;
    改变升温扫描速率重复多次,以获得不同升温速率下,所述待测试耦合样品的多个所述第二类测试结果;
    根据不同升温速率下所述待测试耦合样品的测试结果,生成所述待测试耦合样品在不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线;
    从所述待测试耦合样品不同升温速率下的恒升温速率热特性曲线中,获取所述待测试耦合样品的热特性参数。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,制备所述待测试样品和制备所述待测试耦合样品的具体步骤,包括:
    将需要测试的正极材料和负极材料混浆后分别涂覆在铝箔或铜箔上,干燥后裁成纽扣电池或三电极电池电极片大小,并再次干燥;
    在手套箱内将裁好的电极片与金属锂极片组成“正极/锂”半电池、“负极/锂”半电池或者“正极/锂/负极”三电极电池;
    使用充放电台架调整所述“正极/锂”半电池、所述“负极/锂”半电池或者所述“正极/锂/负极”三电极电池的电位;
    在手套箱内拆解所述“正极/锂”半电池、所述“负极/锂”半电池或者所述“正极/锂/负极”三电极电池,取出电池中的正极片、负极片、隔膜,并使用绝缘容器分别保存;
    根据测试需要,对所述正极片、所述负极片或者所述隔膜进行洗涤;以及
    从洗涤后的所述正极片、所述负极片或者所述隔膜中选取电池材料制备所述待测试样品和所述待测试耦合样品。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库,包括:
    根据所述恒升温速率热特性曲线判断所述电池材料的主反应;
    基于化学反应动力学方程,拟合所述主反应的反应动力学基本参数;
    结合所述电池材料的原始数据和拟合得到的反应动力学基本参数建立电池材料热失控特性数据库。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,
    所述电池材料热失控特性数据库,包括:
    电池材料种类、每一种电池材料的测试数据、每一种电池材料的测试结果以及每一种电池材料的反应动力学基本参数;
    所述反应动力学基本参数包括活化能、前向因子、反应焓变和反应级数中的一种或多种。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述电池材料热失控特性数据库,包括:
    数据库层、单一材料层、组合材料层和反应记录层。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,建立所述电池材料热失控特性数据库的步骤,包括:
    新建所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品的热特性数据条目;
    确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品的基本信息;
    确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品测试数据的基本情况;
    确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品中所述测试原始数据;
    确认所述待测试样品或者所述待测试耦合样品中所述测试原始数据的处理结果;
    以上步骤均确认无误后,保存上述的数据库条目,以形成所述电池材料热失控特性数据库。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价,包括:
    对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定性评价;以及
    对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定量评价。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定性评价,包括:
    从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中查找所述电池单体模型第一个界面开始失去稳定性时的温度参数;
    确认所述电池单体模型负极与电解液反应峰的起始温度、最高温度与终止温度;
    确认所述电池单体模型正极第一个分解反应峰的起始温度、最高温度与终止温度;
    确认所述电池单体模型正负极混合后主产热峰的起始温度;
    确认所述电池单体模型隔膜开始分解的温度和隔膜完全崩溃的温度;
    根据时间和所述温度参数,生成所述电池单体模型的热失控副反应温度序列图,对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行定性预测。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的数据库驱动的动力电池热失控安全性正向评价方法,其特征在于,所述对所述电池单体模型热失控特性的定量评价,包括:
    从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得负极材料和电解液材料耦合样品热稳定性测试的各主反应的反应动力学参数;
    从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得正极材料和负极材料耦合样品热稳定性测试的各主反应的反应动力学参数;
    从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中,获得隔膜材料样品的各主反应的反应动力学参数;
    基于叠加原理与能量守恒方程,定量预测所述电池单体模型在热失控过程中的温度变化。
  15. 一种动力电池热失控安全性正向评价装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    热特性参数获取模块,用于对多种电池材料分别进行热特性测试,以获得所述多种电池材料的热特性参数;
    电池材料热失控特性数据库建立模块,用于基于所述热特性参数对多种电池材料分别进行反应动力学分析,建立电池材料热失控特性数据库;
    电池单体模型建立模块,用于从所述电池材料热失控特性数据库中选取正极材料、负极材料、隔膜材料和电解液材料,组成电池单体模型;以及
    热失控评价模块,用于对所述电池单体模型的热失控特性进行评价。
  16. 一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求1至14中任一项所述方法的步骤。
  17. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至14中任一项所述的方法的步骤。
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