WO2020191815A1 - 一种串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机 - Google Patents

一种串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020191815A1
WO2020191815A1 PCT/CN2019/081817 CN2019081817W WO2020191815A1 WO 2020191815 A1 WO2020191815 A1 WO 2020191815A1 CN 2019081817 W CN2019081817 W CN 2019081817W WO 2020191815 A1 WO2020191815 A1 WO 2020191815A1
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permanent magnet
rotating shaft
magnetic circuit
hybrid
permanent
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PCT/CN2019/081817
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English (en)
French (fr)
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阳辉
郑昊
林鹤云
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东南大学
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Publication of WO2020191815A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020191815A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a permanent magnet memory motor, in particular to a series magnetic circuit type double-layer hybrid permanent magnet memory motor.
  • Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine has the advantages of high power density, high efficiency, reliable operation and strong overload capacity due to the use of traditional rare-earth permanent magnet materials with higher magnetic energy product (such as neodymium iron boron). But at this time, the air-gap magnetic field in the motor remains basically constant, and the range of speed regulation is very limited during electric operation. The application of wide-speed direct-drive applications such as electric vehicles and aerospace is subject to certain restrictions, so permanent magnet motors can be realized The adjustable-flux permanent magnet motor, which aims at the effective adjustment of the air gap magnetic field, has always been a hot and difficult point in the field of motor research.
  • Permanent magnet memory motor (hereinafter referred to as "memory motor”) is a new type of magnetic flux controllable permanent magnet motor. It uses low-coercivity AlNiCo permanent magnets to generate a circumferential magnetic field through stator windings or DC pulse windings. The magnetization intensity of the permanent magnet is changed, the air gap magnetic field is adjusted, and the permanent magnet has the characteristic that the magnetic density level can be memorized.
  • the traditional topological structure of the memory motor is developed from the write-pole motor.
  • the rotor is composed of a sandwich structure composed of AlNiCo permanent magnets, a non-magnetic interlayer and a rotor core. This special structure can realize on-line repeated irreversible charging and demagnetization of the permanent magnet at any time, and at the same time reduce the influence of the quadrature armature reaction on the air gap magnetic field.
  • Most of the existing researches focus on the AC magnetic modulation hybrid permanent magnet memory motor.
  • the rotor is equipped with permanent magnets of two different materials for co-excitation. Among them, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet provides the air gap main magnetic field, and the alnico permanent magnet is The role of magnetic field regulation.
  • the stator winding has both power control and magnetic modulation functions.
  • the prior art CN108599418A proposes a magnetic circuit series-type hybrid permanent magnet controllable magnetic flux motor rotor core and motor.
  • the motor adopts a series magnetic circuit structure to enhance the magnetizing effect of low-coercivity permanent magnets and reduce the motor
  • the magnetizing current ensures the positive magnetization of the low-coercivity permanent magnet and improves the working point of the permanent magnet.
  • the demagnetization magnetomotive force needs to pass through two types of permanent magnets directly, which increases the required demagnetization current and the capacity of the inverter.
  • the positive effect of magnetism makes the motor's magnetization range narrower.
  • the present invention provides a series magnetic circuit type double-layer hybrid permanent magnet memory motor, which solves the narrow magnetic tuning range and the required magnetic current of the series magnetic circuit memory motor in the traditional structure. Magnetization and demagnetization) and the capacity of the inverter is too large.
  • the series magnetic circuit type double-layer hybrid permanent magnet memory motor of the present invention includes a stator, an armature winding, a hybrid permanent magnet rotor and a rotating shaft, and the rotor core of the hybrid permanent magnet rotor is arranged around the outside of the rotating shaft,
  • the stator is arranged around the exterior of the hybrid permanent magnet rotor, and the armature winding is arranged on the stator.
  • each pole of the rotor core is provided with a radially magnetized first permanent magnet, Two tangentially magnetized second permanent magnets and an in-line magnetic barrier, the first permanent magnet is in-line placed on the side of the air gap, and the ends of the two second permanent magnets away from the rotating shaft are respectively close to the first One end of the permanent magnet is placed, the in-line magnetic barrier is arranged between the ends of the two second permanent magnets close to the rotating shaft, and the coercive force of the second permanent magnet is greater than the coercive force of the first permanent magnet.
  • the second permanent magnet is symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis of the first permanent magnet, and the first permanent magnet coincides with the central axis of the in-line magnetic barrier.
  • a magnetic bridge is provided between the inline magnetic barrier and the end of the second permanent magnet close to the rotating shaft.
  • the magnetizing directions of the first permanent magnets of adjacent poles are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the two second permanent magnets of the same pole are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of two adjacent second permanent magnets of the adjacent poles are the same.
  • the number of the first permanent magnets and the in-line magnetic barrier are the same and an even number, and the number of the second permanent magnets is twice the number of the first permanent magnets.
  • the first permanent magnet is an alnico permanent magnet
  • the second permanent magnet is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet.
  • the present invention separates the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet in space by adopting a double-layer permanent magnet structure design, weakens the positive effect of the second permanent magnet on the first permanent magnet, and improves the motor The magnetic tuning range;
  • a linear magnetic barrier is provided to ensure that most of the permanent magnetic field is short-circuited inside the rotor when the motor is in a weak magnetic state, which further improves the motor's online magnetization range;
  • the first permanent magnet is placed on the side of the air gap in the direction of the straight axis, and a magnetic bridge structure is arranged on the path of the straight axis to provide a straight axis path of the magnetomotive force to reduce the magnetization current;
  • the present invention reduces the risk of accidental demagnetization of the second permanent magnet caused by the influence of the magnetizing current by arranging the second permanent magnet on both sides below the first permanent magnet of each pole.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the motor of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of force when the first permanent magnet of the motor of the present invention is magnetized in the forward direction;
  • Fig. 3 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of force when the first permanent magnet of the motor of the present invention is magnetized in reverse.
  • the series magnetic circuit type double-layer hybrid permanent magnet memory motor involved in this embodiment includes a stator 1, an armature winding 2, a hybrid permanent magnet rotor 3, and a non-magnetically conductive rotating shaft 4.
  • the non-magnetic rotating shaft 4, the hybrid permanent magnet rotor 3 and the stator 1 are arranged in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the stator 1 includes a stator core tooth 1.1 and a stator yoke 1.2.
  • the stator core tooth 1.1 is arranged between the stator yoke 1.2 and the hybrid permanent magnet rotor 3.
  • a cavity 1.3 is formed between adjacent stator core teeth 1.1 for placing the winding on the stator core Three-phase armature winding 2 on tooth 1.1.
  • the rotor core 3.1 of the hybrid permanent magnet rotor 3 is arranged around the outside of the non-magnetic rotating shaft 4.
  • the rotor core 3.1 is provided with a radially magnetized first permanent magnet 3.3 and two tangentially magnetized second permanent magnets 3.2 under each pole.
  • a linear magnetic barrier 3.4 the first permanent magnet 3.3 is placed in a linear shape on the air gap side, the ends of the two second permanent magnets 3.2 away from the rotating shaft 4 are respectively placed close to one end of the first permanent magnet 3.3, the linear magnetic barrier 3.4 is arranged between the ends of the two second permanent magnets 3.2 close to the rotating shaft 1.
  • the first permanent magnet 3.3 and the second permanent magnet 3.2 form a double-layer permanent magnet structure, and the first permanent magnet 3.3 and the second permanent magnet 3.2 are in a series relationship on the magnetic circuit.
  • the second permanent magnet 3.2 under the same pole is symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis of the first permanent magnet 3.3, and the central axis of the first permanent magnet 3.3 coincides with the central axis of the in-line magnetic barrier 3.4.
  • a magnetic bridge 3.5 is provided between the inline magnetic barrier 3.4 and the end of the second permanent magnet 3.3 on the side of the rotating shaft. The setting of the magnetic bridge 3.5 is to provide a direct-axis path for the magnetomotive force of the magnetic field, thereby reducing the required magnetic current.
  • the magnetizing directions of the first permanent magnets 3.3 of adjacent poles are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the two second permanent magnets 3.2 of the same pole are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the two adjacent second permanent magnets 3.2 between adjacent poles are the same .
  • the number of the first permanent magnet 3.3 and the in-line magnetic barrier 3.4 are both four, and the number of the second permanent magnet 3.2 is eight.
  • the first permanent magnet 3.3 uses an AlNiCo permanent magnet
  • the second permanent magnet 3.2 uses a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet.
  • the operating principle of the series magnetic circuit type double-layer hybrid permanent magnet memory motor of this embodiment is: the permanent magnetic flux first starts from the second permanent magnet 3.2 arranged radially on the rotor core 3.1. Starting from the north pole of the rotor core 3.1, one part goes directly back to the south pole of the second permanent magnet 3.2, and one part reaches the south pole of the first permanent magnet 3.3. If the first permanent magnet 3.3 is magnetized along the direction of the magnetic flux of the second permanent magnet 3.2 in the radial direction of the circumference, the first permanent magnet 3.3 is in a state of increasing magnetization at this time, and the two permanent magnetic fluxes flow in the same direction after being superimposed.
  • the gap reaches the stator core tooth 1.1, then passes through the stator yoke 1.2, and returns to the south pole of the second permanent magnet 3.2 in the same path; if the first permanent magnet 3.3 is in the circumferential radial direction against the flux direction of the second permanent magnet 3.2 Magnetizing, at this time the first permanent magnet 3.3 is in a weak magnetic state, most of the permanent magnetic flux is short-circuited, and a small part returns to the south pole of the second permanent magnet 3.2 according to the above-mentioned path.
  • the magnetic field line distribution of the first permanent magnet 3.3 in the two magnetization states is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
  • the motor armature winding 2 is supplied with a three-phase alternating current at the same rotation speed as the hybrid permanent magnet rotor 3, and the rotating magnetic field formed by the stator and rotor interacts, thereby realizing electromechanical energy conversion.
  • the added in-line magnetic barrier 3.4 and magnetic bridge 3.5 can effectively reduce the required magnetization current, and the double-layer permanent magnet structure can broaden the motor magnetization range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，包括定子、电枢绕组、混合永磁转子和转轴，所述混合永磁转子的转子铁心围绕所述转轴外部设置，所述定子围绕所述混合永磁转子外部设置，所述电枢绕组设置在所述定子上，所述转子铁心的每一极设有一个径向充磁的第一永磁体、两个切向充磁的第二永磁体和一个一字形磁障，所述第一永磁体呈一字形靠气隙侧放置，所述两个第二永磁体远离转轴的端部分别靠近第一永磁体的一端放置，所述一字形磁障设置于两个第二永磁体靠近转轴的端部之间，所述第二永磁体的矫顽力大于第一永磁体的矫顽力。本发明可以有效解决传统串联磁路结构调磁范围窄，所需调磁电流高的问题，同时减小电机运行时出现负载退磁的风险。

Description

一种串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机 技术领域
本发明涉及永磁记忆电机，尤其涉及一种串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机。
背景技术
永磁同步电机(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine，PMSM)由于采用较高磁能积的传统稀土永磁材料(如钕铁硼)，从而具有高功率密度、高效率、运行可靠和强过载能力等优点。但此时，电机内的气隙磁场基本保持恒定，作为电动运行时调速范围十分有限，在诸如电动汽车，航空航天等宽调速直驱场合的应用受到一定限制，故以实现永磁电机气隙磁场的有效调节为目标的可调磁通永磁电机一直是电机研究领域的热点和难点。永磁记忆电机(以下简称“记忆电机”)是一种新型磁通可控型永磁电机，它采用低矫顽力铝镍钴永磁体，通过定子绕组或者直流脉冲绕组产生周向磁场，从而改变永磁体磁化强度，对气隙磁场进行调节，同时永磁体具有磁密水平能够被记忆的特点。
传统拓扑结构的记忆电机由写极式电机发展而来，转子由铝镍钴永磁体、非磁性夹层和转子铁心共同组成三明治结构。这种特殊结构能够随时实现对永磁体进行在线反复不可逆充去磁，同时减小交轴电枢反应对气隙磁场的影响。现有研究大多集中在交流调磁型混合永磁记忆电机上，转子内部设有两种不同材料的永磁共同励磁，其中钕铁硼永磁提供气隙主磁场，而铝镍钴永磁起磁场调节的作用。定子绕组兼具功率控制和调磁两种功能。
现有技术CN108599418A提出了一种磁路串联型混合永磁可控磁通电机的转子铁芯及电机，该电机采用串联磁路结构，增强低矫顽力永磁体的充磁效果，减小电机的充磁电流，保证了低矫顽力永磁的正向磁化，提高了永磁体的工作点。但是在该种结构中，去磁磁动势需要直接通过两种类型的永磁体，增大了所需的去磁电流以及逆变器的容量，同时由于钕铁硼永磁对铝镍钴永磁的正向作用，电机的调磁范围较窄。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明针对现有技术存在的问题，提供一种串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，解决传统结构中串联磁路型记忆电机存在调磁范围窄和所需调磁电流(充磁和去磁)以及逆变器的容量过大等问题。
技术方案：本发明所述的串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，包括定子、电枢绕组、混合永磁转子和转轴，所述混合永磁转子的转子铁心围绕所述转轴外部设置，所述定子围绕所述混合永磁转子外部设置，所述电枢绕组设置在所述定子上，其特征在于：所述转子铁心的每一极设有一个径向充磁的第一永磁体、两个切向充磁的第二永磁体和一个 一字形磁障，所述第一永磁体呈一字形靠气隙侧放置，所述两个第二永磁体远离转轴的端部分别靠近第一永磁体的一端放置，所述一字形磁障设置于两个第二永磁体靠近转轴的端部之间，所述第二永磁体的矫顽力大于第一永磁体的矫顽力。
进一步的，所述第二永磁体关于所述第一永磁体的中心轴线对称设置，所述第一永磁体与所述一字形磁障的中心轴线重合。
进一步的，所述一字形磁障和所述第二永磁体靠近转轴的端部之间设置有磁桥。
进一步的，相邻极的第一永磁体的充磁方向相反，同一极的两个第二永磁体充磁方向相反，相邻极的相邻的两个第二永磁体的充磁方向相同。
进一步的，所述第一永磁体和一字形磁障数量相同且为偶数个，所述第二永磁体数量为第一永磁体数量的两倍。
进一步的，所述第一永磁体为铝镍钴永磁体，所述第二永磁体为钕铁硼永磁体。
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点是：
1、本发明通过采用双层永磁的结构设计，将第一永磁体和第二永磁体在空间上分隔开，削弱了第二永磁体对第一永磁体的正向作用，提高了电机的调磁范围；
2、本发明通过设置一字形磁障，保证电机在弱磁状态下，永磁磁场大部分在转子内部短路，进一步提升了电机在线调磁范围；
3、本发明通过将第一永磁体放置在直轴方向靠气隙侧，同时在直轴路径上设置了磁桥结构，提供了调磁磁动势直轴路径，以降低调磁电流；
4、本发明通过将第二永磁体设置在每极第一永磁体下方两侧，以降低第二永磁体受调磁电流影响所导致的意外去磁风险。
附图说明
图1为本发明的电机横截面结构图；
图2为本发明的电机的第一永磁体正向磁化时磁力线分布图；
图3为本发明的电机的第一永磁体反向磁化时磁力线分布图。
具体实施方式
请结合图1所示，本实施例所涉及的串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，包括定子1、电枢绕组2、混合永磁转子3和非导磁转轴4。非导磁转轴4、混合永磁转子3和定子1按照从内到外依次设置。定子1包括定子铁心齿1.1和定子轭1.2，定子铁心齿1.1设置在定子轭1.2与混合永磁转子3之间，相邻的定子铁心齿1.1间形成空腔1.3，用于放置缠绕在定子铁心齿1.1上的三相电枢绕组2。混合永磁转子3的转子铁心3.1围绕非导磁转轴4外部设置，转子铁心3.1每极下设有一个径向充磁的第一永磁体3.3、两个切向充磁的第二永磁体3.2和一个一字形磁障3.4，第一永磁体3.3呈一字形靠气隙侧放置，两个第二永磁体3.2远离转轴4的端部分别靠近第一永磁体3.3的一端放置，一字形磁 障3.4设置于两个第二永磁体3.2靠近转轴1的端部之间。第一永磁体3.3与第二永磁体3.2构成双层永磁结构，第一永磁体3.3和第二永磁体3.2在磁路上呈串联关系。同一极下第二永磁体3.2关于第一永磁体3.3中心轴线对称设置，第一永磁体3.3与一字形磁障3.4中心轴线重合。一字形磁障3.4和第二永磁体3.3靠转轴侧端部之间设置有磁桥3.5。该磁桥3.5的的设置是为了提供调磁磁动势直轴通路，从而降低所需的调磁电流。相邻极的第一永磁体3.3的充磁方向相反，同一极的两个第二永磁体3.2充磁反向相反，相邻极间相邻的两个第二永磁体3.2的充磁方向相同。在本实施例中，第一永磁体3.3和一字形磁障3.4数量均为四个，第二永磁体3.2数量为八个。第一永磁体3.3采用铝镍钴永磁体，第二永磁体3.2采用钕铁硼永磁体。
请结合图2和图3，本实施例的串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机的运行原理为：永磁磁通首先从在转子铁心3.1上沿圆周径向设置的第二永磁体3.2的北极出发，一部分直接穿过转子铁心3.1直接回到第二永磁体3.2的南极，一部分到达第一永磁体3.3的南极。若第一永磁体3.3沿圆周径向方向顺着第二永磁体3.2磁通方向充磁，此时第一永磁体3.3处于增磁状态，两种永磁磁通叠加后同方向流动，经过气隙，到达定子铁心齿1.1，再穿过定子轭1.2，以相同的路径回到第二永磁体3.2的南极；若第一永磁体3.3沿圆周径向方向逆着第二永磁体3.2磁通方向充磁，此时第一永磁体3.3处于弱磁状态，大部分的永磁磁通被短路，少部分按照上述路径回到第二永磁体3.2的南极。第一永磁体3.3在两种磁化状态下的磁力线分布如图2和图3所示。与此同时，电机电枢绕组2通入与混合永磁转子3转速一致的三相交流电流，定转子形成的旋转磁场相互作用，从而实现机电能量转换。所增加的一字形磁障3.4和磁桥3.5可以有效减小所需的调磁电流，双层永磁结构可以拓宽电机调磁范围。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明一种较佳实施例而已，不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，包括定子、电枢绕组、混合永磁转子和转轴，所述混合永磁转子的转子铁心围绕所述转轴外部设置，所述定子围绕所述混合永磁转子外部设置，所述电枢绕组设置在所述定子上，其特征在于：所述转子铁心的每一极设有一个径向充磁的第一永磁体、两个切向充磁的第二永磁体和一个一字形磁障，所述第一永磁体呈一字形靠气隙侧放置，所述两个第二永磁体远离转轴的端部分别靠近第一永磁体的一端放置，所述一字形磁障设置于两个第二永磁体靠近转轴的端部之间，所述第二永磁体的矫顽力大于第一永磁体的矫顽力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，其特征在于，所述第二永磁体关于所述第一永磁体的中心轴线对称设置，所述第一永磁体与所述一字形磁障的中心轴线重合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，其特征在于，所述一字形磁障和所述第二永磁体靠近转轴的端部之间设置有磁桥。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，其特征在于，相邻极的第一永磁体的充磁方向相反，同一极的两个第二永磁体充磁方向相反，相邻极的相邻的两个第二永磁体的充磁方向相同。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体和一字形磁障数量相同且为偶数个，所述第二永磁体数量为第一永磁体数量的两倍。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体为铝镍钴永磁体，所述第二永磁体为钕铁硼永磁体。
PCT/CN2019/081817 2019-03-28 2019-04-08 一种串联磁路型双层混合永磁记忆电机 WO2020191815A1 (zh)

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