WO2020186800A1 - 一种太阳能电池组件 - Google Patents

一种太阳能电池组件 Download PDF

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WO2020186800A1
WO2020186800A1 PCT/CN2019/119692 CN2019119692W WO2020186800A1 WO 2020186800 A1 WO2020186800 A1 WO 2020186800A1 CN 2019119692 W CN2019119692 W CN 2019119692W WO 2020186800 A1 WO2020186800 A1 WO 2020186800A1
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cells
solar cell
cell
row
cell module
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French (fr)
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郑分刚
孙亚龙
郑诚
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/70—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising bypass diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
    • H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of solar cell component power generation and photovoltaic arrays, and in particular to a solar cell component.
  • the entire photovoltaic array is connected in series and parallel by a number of battery modules, and each photovoltaic module is connected in series with a number of solar cells.
  • photovoltaic modules are exposed to the outdoors all year round, single or multiple cells are partially or completely covered by leaves, animal dung, rain, snow and dust.
  • the output power of the covered cells is reduced (seriously or even completely 0).
  • the cell is in a high resistance state; when the current generated by other cells flows through the shaded cell, the shaded cell will consume a large amount of electricity generated by the other cells, and generate a lot of heat, that is, the hot spot effect. Because the hot spot effect consumes part of the electric energy inside the battery assembly, the output power of the assembly is reduced, thereby affecting the power generation efficiency of the entire assembly. In severe cases, the blocked battery will be burned out, and even the entire assembly will be permanently damaged.
  • the measures taken are to connect diodes in reverse parallel next to each battery slice or battery string.
  • the battery slice or battery string When a battery slice or battery string is blocked, the battery slice or battery string The string is in a high-impedance state.
  • high voltage When the current generated by other cells flows through the cell or battery string, high voltage is generated, which causes the diode to conduct, so that the blocked cell or the battery string is short-circuited by the conducting diode, thereby achieving the protection component Effect.
  • diodes are generally connected in parallel at both ends of a battery string, and the diodes are connected to the external frame of the component.
  • the Chinese patent with publication number CN201259893Y discloses a solar cell module, which divides a cell array with 6 columns and 10 rows into five groups with 12 cells as a group to form 5 groups of solar cell strings. The structure of a diode in parallel at both ends. In this protection mode, when the diode is turned on, there is still a voltage drop across its two ends, and it will greatly waste the electrical energy generated by other cells.
  • the Chinese patent with publication number CN201904358U discloses a solar module that avoids the hot spot effect. The above-mentioned diode protection method is improved.
  • the battery string is connected in parallel with a controller with load characteristics or controllable conduction. It is combined with a controller to avoid improper conduction of the diode, but only conducts when necessary to ensure that the voltage drop across the cell is in a state that is beneficial to the component. Without damaging the component, the diode will not conduct.
  • the patent publication number CN208127223U discloses a photovoltaic module that effectively reduces the hot spot effect. The specific implementation is to connect a protective diode in parallel at both ends of each cell to protect it.
  • the above method of parallel diode protection components to avoid the hot spot effect has certain effects, but there are still the following problems: 1.
  • the solar cell module is composed of multiple cells. When a cell in each column is blocked, the diode starts Play a protective role, although it protects the components, but at the expense of the electricity generated by other cells. 2.
  • Devices such as switches and controllers connected in parallel will undoubtedly increase the cost of each component, so the total cost of the photovoltaic array will increase even more.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solar cell module, which can effectively avoid the harm of the hot spot effect while maximizing the power generated by each cell, which is convenient and practical, and has high energy utilization rate.
  • the present invention provides a solar cell module, including a plurality of cells, the cells are distributed in an m ⁇ n matrix, where m is the number of rows, n is the number of columns, m and n All are integers greater than 1;
  • a plurality of the cells are connected by a grid link; the positive and negative poles of each column of cells are connected in series by a conductive member, the positive poles of each row of cells are connected to each other by a conductive member, and the negative poles of the nth row of cells are all connected through
  • the conductive parts are connected to each other; each battery slice in the first column is connected with a diode in parallel.
  • the parameters of the multiple cells are the same.
  • the parameters of a plurality of the diodes are consistent.
  • the turn-on voltage of the diode is 0.2-0.7V.
  • the turn-on voltage of the diode is 0.2V.
  • the positive electrode of the first row of cells is used as the positive electrode of the solar cell module
  • the negative electrode of the m-th row of cells is used as the negative electrode of the solar cell module.
  • the conductive member is a welding tape or a wire.
  • the m is 6, and n is 6.
  • the m is 12 and n is 6.
  • the m is 6 and n is 12.
  • the invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation device, which comprises the above-mentioned solar cell assembly.
  • all solar cells are connected by a grid link, so that all cells are connected to each other and a protection diode is provided in each row.
  • a protection diode is provided in each row.
  • connection method used in the present invention can effectively prevent the cells from being burned out due to the hot spot effect, and maximize the power generated by each cell (including normal cells and shaded cells) of the assembly, thereby Alleviate the degradation of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module during operation.
  • the present invention is simpler and more effective, has stable performance, low cost, and hardly increases the production cost, thereby improving the cost performance of the entire solar cell module.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of Comparative Example 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses a solar cell module, including a plurality of cells 1, the cells are arranged in an m ⁇ n matrix, where m is the number of rows, n is the number of columns, and both m and n Is an integer greater than 1.
  • Multiple cells are connected by grid link.
  • the positive and negative poles of each row of cells are connected in series by conductive members, that is, the connection of two adjacent cells in a single row is: the positive pole of one cell is connected to the negative pole of the other cell.
  • the positive poles of each row of cells are connected to each other through the conductive member 2.
  • the negative electrodes of the cells in the nth row are all connected to each other through conductive members. In this way, multiple cells are connected in a grid-linked manner.
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the m cells in the first column of the solar cell module are welded together in series to form the first column of the solar cell module; then the second column The positive and negative poles of m solar cells are welded together in series with conductive parts to form the second column of the solar cell module; and so on, the positive and negative poles of m solar cells in the nth column are welded together in series with conductive parts , Constitute the nth column of the solar cell module; each column of solar cells uses the same series connection.
  • the positive electrode of the first row of cells serves as the positive electrode 5 of the solar cell module
  • the negative electrode of the m-th row of cells serves as the negative electrode 6 of the solar cell module.
  • Each battery slice in the first column is connected with a diode 4 in parallel. That is, one diode 4 is provided in each row, and there are m diodes in the present invention.
  • the connection between the battery slices and the diode in the same row is as follows: the cathode of the battery slice is connected with the anode of the diode, and the anode of the battery slice is connected with the cathode of the diode.
  • the parameters of multiple cells are the same or basically the same.
  • the parameters of multiple diodes are the same or almost the same.
  • the turn-on voltage of the diode is 0.2-0.7V.
  • the conductive parts are solder ribbons or wires.
  • the connection between the conductive element and the cell is welding.
  • the connection point 3 is formed where the conductive member and the conductive member are connected.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the cell is a polycrystalline silicon cell with an area of 2.5 ⁇ 2.5 (cm 2 ).
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Comparative Example 1. There are 9 solar cells in Comparative Example 1, and the size and parameters of the solar cells are the same as in Example 1.
  • connection mode of the battery slices in Comparative Example 1 is: all battery slices are arranged in series, and the connection mode of two adjacent battery slices is: the positive electrode of one battery slice is connected to the negative electrode of the other battery slice. Every three battery slices form a group to form three battery strings, and a diode is connected in parallel at the end of each battery string. The anode of the diode is connected to the cathode of the battery string, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the battery string.
  • Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Perform performance tests on the solar cell modules in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1: During the experiment, two sets of solar cell modules were provided with the same light, and then an opaque plate was used to shield one or several cells to simulate the operation of the solar module In the phenomenon that one or more cells are blocked, test the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the solar cell module, and calculate the short-circuit current density, output power and power density of the solar cell module.
  • Example 1 The test results of Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
  • the test results of Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 2.
  • the first row of data is the output voltage, output current, and maximum output power value of the novel solar cell module of the present invention when it works normally without shading.
  • the maximum output power drops from 716.05mW without shading to 411.47mW; when the module has 2 cells
  • the maximum output power is 716.05mW without blocking It drops to 406.47mW.
  • the output power is basically the same as blocking the 2 batteries. This is because the diode in parallel in the module is turned on at this time, which will be blocked. A row of cells is short-circuited.
  • Example 1 of the present invention is significantly better than Comparative Example 1.
  • Comparative Example 1 When 2 or 3 batteries in the same column are blocked, at this time, the result of Comparative Example 1 does not change, which is equivalent to the data for blocking 1 piece in Table 2, that is, the maximum output power is all without blocking The 716.05mW dropped to 408.4mW.
  • the output power is 404.25mW and 393.82mW, respectively, which are slightly lower than that of Comparative Example 1. This is because the shielded battery in the same row is in a high-impedance state. The resistor is connected in parallel with the external circuit load, so it consumes a little power.
  • the 3x3 module shields multiple batteries, and when different rows of batteries are shielded, the embodiment is significantly better than the comparative example.
  • the difference between Example 1 and the comparative example is not very large.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the cell is a polycrystalline silicon cell with an area of 2.5 ⁇ 2.5 (cm 2 ).
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. There are 36 cells in Comparative Example 2, and the size and parameters of the cells are the same as in Example 2.
  • connection mode of the battery slices in Comparative Example 2 is: all battery slices are arranged in series, and the connection mode of two adjacent battery slices is: the positive electrode of one battery slice is connected with the negative electrode of the other battery slice. Every six battery slices form a group to form six battery strings, and a diode is connected in parallel at the end of each battery string. The anode of the diode is connected to the cathode of the battery string, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the battery string.
  • Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 Perform performance tests on the solar cell modules in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2: During the experiment, two sets of solar cell modules were provided with the same light, and then an opaque plate was used to shield one or several cells to simulate the operation of the solar module In the phenomenon that one or more cells are blocked, test the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the solar cell module, and calculate the short-circuit current density, output power and power density of the solar cell module.
  • test results of the second embodiment are shown in Table 3.
  • the test results of Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 4.
  • the first row of data is the output voltage, output current, and maximum output power values of the novel solar cell module of the present invention under normal operation without shading.
  • the maximum output power drops from 2862.87mW without blocking to 2485.06mW;
  • the module has 2 cells blocked (the position of the two blocked cells in any two rows is the same; the case where the two blocked cells are in the same column will be analyzed later)
  • the maximum output power is determined by The unobstructed 2862.87mW drops to 2255.31mW; when the module has 3 cells that are covered (the positions of the 3 cells are in different rows; the 3 cells are in the same column.
  • the maximum output power drops from 2862.87mW without shielding to 2232.6mW; when the module shields 4-6 elements (the positions are in different rows), the output power is basically the same as when the three elements are shielded. At this time, the diode in the module connected in parallel with the row is turned on, short-circuiting this row of cells.
  • Example 2 of the present invention is significantly better than Comparative Example 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the cell is a polycrystalline silicon cell with an area of 2.5 ⁇ 2.5 (cm 2 ).
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of Comparative Example 3 of the present invention. There are 72 cells in Comparative Example 3, and the size and parameters of the cells are the same as those in Example 3.
  • connection mode of the battery slices in Comparative Example 3 is: all battery slices are arranged in series, and the connection mode of two adjacent battery slices is: the positive electrode of one battery slice is connected with the negative electrode of the other battery slice. Every twelve battery slices form a group to form six battery strings, and a diode is connected in parallel at the end of each battery string. The anode of the diode is connected to the cathode of the battery string, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the battery string.
  • Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 Perform performance tests on the solar cell modules in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3: During the experiment, two sets of solar cell modules were provided with the same light, and then an opaque plate was used to shield one or several cells to simulate the operation of the solar module In the phenomenon that one or more cells are blocked, test the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the solar cell module, and calculate the short-circuit current density, output power and power density of the solar cell module.
  • Example 3 The test results of Example 3 are shown in Table 5.
  • Table 6 The test results of Comparative Example 3 are shown in Table 6.
  • the first row of data is the output voltage, output current, and maximum output power values of the novel solar cell module of the present invention that work normally without shading.
  • the maximum output power drops from 5728.61mW without shading to 4980.59mW; when the module has 2 cells
  • the maximum output power is 5728.61mW without blocking Decrease to 5206.98mW (higher than the output power when one piece is blocked, because when one piece is blocked, there is a small reverse voltage at both ends of the battery row, which is not enough to turn on the protection diode, so the battery consumes a certain amount of power);
  • the output situation is the
  • Comparative Example 3 When 2 cells, 3 cells, or even all 12 cells in the same column are blocked, the result of Comparative Example 3 does not change, which is equivalent to the data for blocking 1 cell in Table 6, that is, the maximum output power is all The blocked 5727.75mW dropped to 4601.98mW.
  • the results of the present invention are improved to varying degrees.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the cell is a polycrystalline silicon cell with an area of 2.5 ⁇ 2.5 (cm 2 ).
  • Example 4 Perform a performance test on the solar cell module in Example 4: During the experiment, two sets of solar cell modules are provided with the same light, and then an opaque plate is used to shield one or several cells to simulate a certain or When multiple cells are blocked, test the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the solar cell module, and calculate the short-circuit current density, output power and power density of the solar cell module.
  • the test structure is shown in Table 7.
  • the first row of data is the output voltage, output current, and maximum output power values of the novel solar cell module of the present invention under normal operation without shading.
  • the maximum output power drops from 5728.27mW without shading to 5587.27mW;
  • the maximum output power is 5728.27mW without blocking Decrease to 4971.09mW;
  • the module has 3 cells blocked (the positions of the blocked cells are all in different rows; the case where the blocked cells are in the same column will be analyzed later), the output is 4582.24 mW; when the module has 4 or more cells blocked (the positions of the blocked cells are in different rows; the case of the blocked cells in the same column will be analyzed later) output power is almost unchanged Yes, this is because the diodes connected in parallel in
  • Comparative Example 3 Compared with Comparative Example 3, as shown in Figure 13, when the shaded cells are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (the shaded cells are in different rows). ), the maximum output power of Comparative Example 3 was reduced from unshielded 5727.75mW to 4601.98mW, 3277.32mW, 1997.9mW, 946.46mW, 249.45mW and 0mW (the output is 0 because all the cells are short-circuited). The above analysis shows that Example 4 is better than Comparative Example 3 in any case.
  • Comparative Example 3 when there are 2 cells, 3 cells, or even all 12 cells in the same row of cells, the result of Comparative Example 3 remains unchanged, which is equivalent to the data of 1 cell in Table 6, namely The maximum output power is reduced to 4601.98mW from the unobstructed 5577.75mW.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present invention when all 6 cells in the same column are shielded, the maximum output power drops from 5728.27 mW without shielding to 5168.69 mW. The result is still better than Comparative Example 3.
  • the results of the present invention are improved to varying degrees.

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Abstract

一种太阳能电池组件，包括多个电池片（1），多个所述电池片（1）呈m×n矩阵分布，其中，m为行数，n为列数，m和n皆为大于1的整数；多个所述电池片（1）通过网格链接的方式连接；每列电池片（1）的正负极通过导电件（2）串联连接，每行电池片（1）的正极（5）皆通过导电件（2）相互连接，第n行电池片（1）的负极（6）皆通过导电件（2）相互连接；第一列电池片（1）中的每个电池片（1）皆并联设置有一个二极管（4）。该太阳能组件在有效避免热斑效应的危害的同时，最大限度地利用了组件每一片电池片（1）产生的功率，方便实用，能量利用率高。

Description

一种太阳能电池组件 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池组件发电和光伏阵列技术领域，具体涉及一种太阳能电池组件。
背景技术
在太阳能发电系统中，整个光伏阵列是通过若干个电池组件串并联在一起的，而每一个光伏组件又是用若干个电池片串联在一起的。由于光伏组件常年暴露在户外，因树叶、动物粪便及雨雪积尘等部分或完全遮挡单个或多个电池片，被遮挡的电池片输出功率减小(严重的甚至完全为0)，并且该电池片处于高阻状态；当其他电池片产生的电流流过被遮挡的电池片时，被遮挡的电池片会大量消耗其他电池片产生的电能，产生大量的热，即热斑效应。由于热斑效应在电池组件内部消耗掉部分电能，减少组件输出功率，从而影响整个组件的发电效率，严重时则会烧坏被遮挡电池片，甚至整个组件也会永久破坏。
现有的技术中，为防止热斑效应产生的危害，采取的措施是在每个电池片或电池串旁反向并联二极管，当某个电池片或电池串被遮挡时，该电池片或电池串处于高阻状态，当其他电池片产生的电流流过该电池片或电池串时产生高压，导致二极管导通，使得被遮挡的电池片或电池串被导通的二极管短路，从而达到保护组件的效果。在每个电池片旁反向并联二极管，在组件封装工艺上很难做到，因此没有被工业实际采用。工业上一般采用在一组电池串的两端并联二极管，二极管连接在组件外部边框上。公开号为CN201259893Y的中国专利公开了一种太阳能电池组件，将6列10行的电池片阵列，以12片为一组，分为五组，构成了5组太阳能电池串，每一串电池的两端分别并联一个二极管的 结构。这种保护方式在二极管导通时，其两端还是存在压降，并且会大大浪费其他电池片产生的电能。公开号为CN201904358U的中国专利公开了一种避免产生热斑效应的太阳能组件，在上述二极管保护的方法上做了改进，在电池串上并联具有负载特性或可控制导通的控制器，由开关和控制器组成，从而避免了二极管不恰当的导通，而是在必要时才会导通，保证电池片两端压降处于对组件有利的状态。在不至于破坏组件的情况下，二极管不会导通。公开号为CN208127223U的专利公布了一种有效降低热斑效应的光伏组件，具体实施则是在每个电池片两端并联一个保护二极管，从而起到保护作用。
以上并联二极管保护组件避免热斑效应危害的方法，具有一定的效果，但仍然存在以下的问题：1、太阳能电池组件是由多个电池片组成，当每一列有一片电池被遮挡后，二极管开始起保护作用，虽然保护了组件，但却以牺牲其他电池片产生的电能为代价。2、并联上的开关及控制器等器件，无疑增加了每个组件的成本，那么光伏阵列总成本会增加更多。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种太阳能电池组件，其在有效避免热斑效应的危害的同时，最大限度地利用了每一片电池片产生的功率，方便实用，能量利用率高。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种太阳能电池组件，包括多个电池片，多个所述电池片呈m×n矩阵分布，其中，m为行数，n为列数，m和n皆为大于1的整数；
多个所述电池片通过网格链接的方式连接；每列电池片的正负极通过导电件串联连接，每行电池片的正极皆通过导电件相互连接，第n行电池片的负极皆通过导电件相互连接；第一列电池片中的每个电池片皆并联设置有一个二极管。
作为优选的，多个电池片的参数一致。
作为优选的，多个所述二极管的参数一致。
作为优选的，所述二极管的导通电压为0.2-0.7V。
作为优选的，所述二极管的导通电压为0.2V。
作为优选的，所述第一行电池片的正极作为太阳能电池组件的正极，第m行电池片的负极作为太阳能电池组件的负极。
作为优选的，所述导电件为焊带或导线。
作为优选的，所述m为6，n为6。
作为优选的，所述m为12，n为6。
作为优选的，所述m为6，n为12。
本发明公开了一种光伏发电装置，包括上述太阳能电池组件。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明将所有太阳能电池片通过网格链接的方式连接，使得全部电池片相互连接并且在每一行设有保护二极管。当一个电池片的入射光被部分或完全遮挡，即发生热斑效应时，被遮挡的电池片呈高阻状态，而其他正常电池片正常输出电流，由于每一个电池片是互联互通的，因此正常电池片产生的电流只有较少一部分会流过被遮挡电池片，其他绝大部分电流通过网格链接的电路分流到正常电池片。当被遮挡的多片电池在同一列中时，同列的其他未被遮挡的电池仍然可以输出部分功率(和遮挡电池片的数目有关)。而当某一行被遮挡电池片较多时，该行电池片处于严重消耗其他正常工作电池片的功率，这一行便产生较大的反向电压，触发旁路保护二极管导通，起到保护的作用。这样不仅避免热斑效应的危害，也极大的利用了组件每一片电池片产生的功率。
2、本发明所采用的连接方法，可以有效的防止电池片因产生热斑效应而被烧坏，并且最大利用组件每一片电池片(包括正常电池片和被遮挡电池片)产生的功率，从而缓解太阳能电池组件在运行过程中的光电转换效率的衰减。
3、与现有的避免热斑效应的方法相比，本发明更为简单有效，性能稳定，成本低，几乎不增加生产成本，从而提高整个太阳能电池组件的性价比。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
图2为本发明对比例一的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例二的结构示意图；
图4为本发明对比例二的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例三的结构示意图；
图6为本发明对比例三的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例四的结构示意图。
图中标号说明：1、电池片；2、焊带；3、连接点；4、二极管；5、太阳能电池组件的正极；6、太阳能电池组件的负极。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
参照图1所示，本发明公开了一种太阳能电池组件，包括多个电池片1，多个电池片呈m×n矩阵分布，其中，m为行数，n为列数，m和n皆为大于1的整数。
多个电池片通过网格链接的方式连接。每列电池片的正负极通过导电件串 联连接，即单列相邻的两个电池片的连接方式为：其中一电池片的正极与另一电池片的负极连接。每行电池片的正极皆通过导电件2相互连接。第n行电池片的负极皆通过导电件相互连接。如此，多个电池片即成网格链接方式连接。
在制作该太阳能电池组件时：首先将构成太阳能电池组件的第1列的m片电池片的正负极用导电件串联焊接在一起，构成太阳能电池组件的第1列；再将第2列的m片太阳能电池片的正负极用导电件串联焊接在一起，构成太阳能电池组件的第2列；依次类推，将第n列的m片太阳能电池片的正负极用导电件串联焊接在一起，构成太阳能电池组件的第n列；每一列太阳能电池片都采用相同的串联连接。然后，将第1行所有太阳能电池片的正极用导电件焊接起来；再将第2行所有太阳能电池片的正极用导电件焊接起来；依次类推，将第n行所有太阳能电池片的正极用导电件焊接起来。最后，将第n行所有太阳能电池组件的负极用导电件焊接起来。
第一行电池片的正极作为太阳能电池组件的正极5，第m行电池片的负极作为太阳能电池组件的负极6。
第一列电池片中的每个电池片皆并联设置有一个二极管4。即每行皆设置有一个二极管4，本发明中的二极管具有m个。而同一行的电池片与二极管的连接方式为：电池片的负极与二极管的正极连接，电池片的正极与二极管的负极连接。
多个电池片的参数一致或基本一致。多个二极管的参数一致或基本一致。二极管的导通电压为0.2-0.7V。导电件为焊带或导线。导电件与电池片的连接方式为焊接。而导电件与导电件连接处形成连接点3。
实施例一：
如图1所示为本发明实施例一的结构示意图。其中，所实施的太阳能电池组件的电池片数量为9片，构成3行(m＝3)、3列(n＝3)的电池片阵列。电池 片是面积为2.5×2.5(cm 2)的多晶硅电池片。
对比例一：
如图2所示为对比例一的结构示意图。对比例一中电池片为9片，电池片的尺寸和参数与实施例一中相同。
对比例一中电池片的连接方式为：所有电池片串联设置，相邻两个电池片的连接方式为：其中一个电池片的正极与另外一个电池片的负极连接。每三个电池片为一组，形成三组电池串，每一组电池串的首尾则并联一个二极管。二极管的正极与该组电池串的负极连接，二极管的负极与该组电池串的正极连接。
对实施例一和对比例一中的太阳能电池组件进行性能测试：实验过程中，给两组太阳能电池组件提供同样的光照，再使用不透明平板遮挡某一个或几个电池片来模拟太阳能组件运行过程中某个或多个电池片被遮挡的现象，分别测试太阳能电池组件的开路电压、短路电流，并计算太阳能电池组件的短路电流密度，输出功率和功率密度。
实施例一的测试结果如表1所示。对比例一的测试结果如表2所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019119692-appb-000001
表2
Figure PCTCN2019119692-appb-000002
参照表1所示，第1行数据是本发明新型太阳能电池组件在无遮挡情况下正常工作的输出电压、输出电流以及最大输出功率值。当该组件有1片电池片被遮挡时(被遮挡的电池片的位置在任何一列，结果是相同的)，最大输出功率由无遮挡的716.05mW下降到411.47mW；当该组件有2片电池片被遮挡时(2片被遮挡的电池片的位置在任何不同两列的结果是相同的；2片被遮挡电池片在同一列的情况稍后分析)，最大输出功率由无遮挡的716.05mW下降到406.47mW。当组件有3片电池被遮挡时(3片电池的位置处在不同的列)，输出功率与遮挡2片结果基本相同，这是因为此时组件中并联的二极管导通，将被遮挡的这一行电池片短路。
参照表2所示，当被遮挡的电池片分别为1片、2片、3片时(被遮挡的电池片处在不同的列)，最大输出功率分别由无遮挡的716.05mW下降到408.4mW，117.82mW和0mW(输出为0，是由于所有电池片都被短路了)。
因此，本发明的实施例1的结果明显优于对比例1。
当同一列的电池片中有2片、3片电池被遮挡时，这时，对比例1的结果没有变化，等同于表2中的遮挡1片的数据，即最大输出功率都是由无遮挡的716.05mW下降到408.4mW。在本发明实施例1中，当同一列遮挡2或3片时输出功率分别为404.25mW和393.82mW，略低于对比例1，这是因为被遮挡的同一 列电池呈高阻状态，作为大电阻与外电路负载并联，因此消耗一点功率。
通过对比表1和表2，可以看出3x3组件遮挡多片电池，遮挡不同列电池时，实施例明显优于对比例。而遮挡同一列电池时，实施例1相对于对比例差距不是很大。以遮挡3片电池片(不同列)为例：实施例1组件的功率损失为(716.05-393.82)/716.05＝45％；而同样的遮挡条件下，对比例1的功率损失为(716.05-0)/716.05＝100％。
实施例二：
如图3所示为本发明实施例二的结构示意图。其中，所实施的太阳能电池组件的电池片数量为36片，构成6行(m＝6)、6列(n＝6)的电池片阵列。电池片是面积为2.5×2.5(cm 2)的多晶硅电池片。
对比例二：
如图4所示为本发明的对比例二的结构示意图。对比例二中电池片为36片，电池片的尺寸和参数与实施例二中相同。
对比例二中电池片的连接方式为：所有电池片串联设置，相邻两个电池片的连接方式为：其中一个电池片的正极与另外一个电池片的负极连接。每六个电池片为一组，形成六组电池串，每一组电池串的首尾则并联一个二极管。二极管的正极与该组电池串的负极连接，二极管的负极与该组电池串的正极连接。
对实施例二和对比例二中的太阳能电池组件进行性能测试：实验过程中，给两组太阳能电池组件提供同样的光照，再使用不透明平板遮挡某一个或几个电池片来模拟太阳能组件运行过程中某个或多个电池片被遮挡的现象，分别测试太阳能电池组件的开路电压、短路电流，并计算太阳能电池组件的短路电流密度，输出功率和功率密度。
实施例二的测试结果如表3所示。对比例二的测试结果如表4所示。
表3
Figure PCTCN2019119692-appb-000003
表4
Figure PCTCN2019119692-appb-000004
参照表3所示，第1行数据是本发明新型太阳能电池组件在无遮挡情况下正常工作的输出电压、输出电流以及最大输出功率值。当该组件有1片电池片被遮挡时(经多次测试，被遮挡的电池片的位置在任何一列的结果是相同的)，最大输出功率由无遮挡的2862.87mW下降到2485.06mW；当该组件有2片电池片被遮挡时(2片被遮挡的电池片的位置在任何不同两列的结果是相同的；2片被遮挡电池片在同一列的情况稍后分析)，最大输出功率由无遮挡的2862.87mW下降到2255.31mW；当该组件有3片电池片被遮挡时(3片被遮挡的电池片的位置分别处在不同的列；3片被遮挡电池片在同一列的情况稍后分析)，最大输出功率由无遮挡的2862.87mW下降到2232.6mW；当组件遮挡4-6片时(位置均分别处在不同的列)，输出功率情况和遮挡3片时基本相同，这是因为此时组件中与该行并联的二极管导通，将这一行电池片短路。
参照表4所示，在对比例二中，当被遮挡的电池片分别为1片、2片、3片、4片、5片、6片时(被遮挡的电池片处在不同的列)，最大输出功率分别由无遮挡的2850.01mW下降到2343.97mW，1633.23mW、976.36mW、435.00mW、110.94mW和0mW(输出为0，是由于所有电池片都被短路了)。
本发明的实施例2的结果明显优于对比例2。以遮挡同一行4片电池为例，本发明的太阳能组件的功率损失为(2862.87-2255.31)/2862.87＝21.2％；而对比例2的功率损失为(2850.01-435.00)/2850.01＝84.7％；改善了约63.6个百分点。
当同一列的电池片中有2片、3片甚至全部6片电池片被遮挡时，这时，对比例2的结果没有变化，等同于表4中遮挡1片的数据，即最大输出功率都是由无遮挡的2850.01mW下降到2343.97mW。在本发明实施例2中，当同一列电池片中有5片电池片同时被遮挡时，最大输出功率才由无遮挡的2850.01mW下降到2333.84mW(如表3所示，略低于对比例2。实际上，在太阳能组件实际运行过程中，发生同一列电池片同时被遮挡多片的概率是相当低的)。
还有其他更多被遮挡电池片的排列组合，与现有技术相比，本发明的结果 均有不同程度的改善。以遮挡1片电池片为例(在太阳能组件实际运行过程中发生的概率最大)：实施例2的太阳能电池组件效率损失为(2862.87-2485.06)/2862.87＝13.19％；对比例2的太阳能电池组件的效率损失为(2850.01-2343.97)/2850.01＝17.76％，比对比例2改善了约4.6个百分点。
实施例三：
如图5所示为本发明实施例三的结构示意图。其中，所实施的太阳能电池组件的电池片数量为72片，构成12行(m＝12)、6列(n＝6)的电池片阵列。电池片是面积为2.5×2.5(cm 2)的多晶硅电池片。
对比例三：
如图6所示为本发明的对比例三的结构示意图。对比例三中电池片为72片，电池片的尺寸和参数与实施例三中相同。
对比例三中电池片的连接方式为：所有电池片串联设置，相邻两个电池片的连接方式为：其中一个电池片的正极与另外一个电池片的负极连接。每十二个电池片为一组，形成六组电池串，每一组电池串的首尾则并联一个二极管。二极管的正极与该组电池串的负极连接，二极管的负极与该组电池串的正极连接。
对实施例三和对比例三中的太阳能电池组件进行性能测试：实验过程中，给两组太阳能电池组件提供同样的光照，再使用不透明平板遮挡某一个或几个电池片来模拟太阳能组件运行过程中某个或多个电池片被遮挡的现象，分别测试太阳能电池组件的开路电压、短路电流，并计算太阳能电池组件的短路电流密度，输出功率和功率密度。
实施例三的测试结果如表5所示。对比例三的测试结果如表6所示。 表5
Figure PCTCN2019119692-appb-000005
表6
Figure PCTCN2019119692-appb-000006
参照表5所示,第1行数据是本发明新型太阳能电池组件在无遮挡情况下正常工作的输出电压、输出电流以及最大输出功率值。当该组件有1片电池片被遮挡时(被遮挡的电池片的位置在任何一列的结果是相同的)，最大输出功率由无遮挡的5728.61mW下降到4980.59mW；当该组件有2片电池片被遮挡时(2片被遮挡的电池片的位置在任何不同两列的结果是相同的；2片被遮挡电池片在同一列的情况稍后分析)，最大输出功率由无遮挡的5728.61mW下降到5206.98mW(高于遮挡一片时的输出功率，这是因为遮挡一片时电池行两端有较小的反向电压而不足以导通保护二极管，因此该行电池消耗一定的功率)；当该组件有3-6片电池片被遮挡时(被遮挡的电池片的位置均分别处在不同的列；被遮挡电池片在同一列的情况稍后分析)，输出情况与遮挡2片电池是相同的，这是因为此时组件中该行并联的二极管导通，将这一行电池片短路。
参照表6所示，在对比例3中，当被遮挡的电池片分别为1片、2片、3片、4片、5片、6片时(被遮挡的电池片处在不同的列)，最大输出功率分别由无遮挡的5727.75mW下降到4601.98mW，3277.32mW、1997.9mW、946.46mW、249.45mW和0mW(输出为0，是由于所有电池片都被短路了)。
本发明的实施例3的结果明显优于对比例3。以遮挡同一行3片电池为例，新型组件实施例3的功率损失为(5728.61-5206.98)/5728.61＝9.1％；而对比例3的功率损失为(5727.75-1997.9)/5727.75＝65.1％；改善了约56个百分点。
当同一列的电池片中有2片、3片甚至全部12片电池片被遮挡时，对比例3的结果没有变化，等同于表6中遮挡1片的数据，即最大输出功率都是由无遮挡的5727.75mW下降到4601.98mW。
在本发明实施例3中，当同一列电池片中有10片电池片同时被遮挡时，最大输出功率才由无遮挡的5728.61mW下降到4579.8mW(如表6所示，略低于现有技术结果。实际上，在太阳能组件实际运行过程中，发生同一列电池片同时被遮挡10片的概率是相当低的)。
还有其他更多被遮挡电池片的排列组合，与现有技术相比，本发明的结果均有不同程度的改善。以遮挡1片电池片为例(在太阳能组件实际运行过程中发生的概率最大)：实施例3的太阳能电池组件效率损失为(5728.61-4980.59)/5728.61＝13.05％；对比例3的太阳能电池组件的效率损失为(5727.75-4601.98)/5727.75＝19.65％，比对比例3改善了约6.6个百分点。
实施例四：
如图7所示为本发明实施例四的结构示意图。其中，所实施的太阳能电池组件的电池片数量为72片，构成6行(m＝6)、12列(n＝12)的电池片阵列。电池片是面积为2.5×2.5(cm 2)的多晶硅电池片。
对实施例四中的太阳能电池组件进行性能测试：实验过程中，给两组太阳能电池组件提供同样的光照，再使用不透明平板遮挡某一个或几个电池片来模拟太阳能组件运行过程中某个或多个电池片被遮挡的现象，分别测试太阳能电池组件的开路电压、短路电流，并计算太阳能电池组件的短路电流密度，输出功率和功率密度。测试结构如表7所示。
表7
Figure PCTCN2019119692-appb-000007
参照表7所示，第1行数据是本发明新型太阳能电池组件在无遮挡情况下正常工作的输出电压、输出电流以及最大输出功率值。当该组件有1片电池片被遮挡时(被遮挡的电池片的位置在任何一列的结果是相同的)，最大输出功率由无遮挡的5728.27mW下降到5587.27mW；当该组件有2片电池片被遮挡时(2片被遮挡的电池片的位置在任何不同两列的结果是相同的；2片被遮挡电池片在同一列的情况稍后分析)，最大输出功率由无遮挡的5728.27mW下降到4971.09mW；当该组件有3片电池片被遮挡时(被遮挡的电池片的位置均分别处 在不同的列；被遮挡电池片在同一列的情况稍后分析)，输出情况为4582.24mW；当该组件有4片电池片及以上被遮挡时(被遮挡的电池片的位置均分别处在不同的列；被遮挡电池片在同一列的情况稍后分析)输出功率是几乎不变的，这是因为此时组件中该行并联的二极管导通，将这一行电池片短路。与对比例3相比，如附图13列表，当被遮挡的电池片分别为1片、2片、3片、4片、5片、6片时(被遮挡的电池片处在不同的列)，对比例3最大输出功率分别由无遮挡的5727.75mW下降到4601.98mW，3277.32mW、1997.9mW、946.46mW、249.45mW和0mW(输出为0，是由于所有电池片都被短路了)。上述分析可以看出，无论何种情况实施例4均优于对比例3。以遮挡同一行3片电池为例，新型组件实施例4的功率损失为(5728.27-4582.24)/5728.27＝20.0％；而对比例3的功率损失为(5727.75-1997.9)/5727.75＝65.1％；改善了约45个百分点。
参照表6，当同一列的电池片中有2片、3片甚至全部12片电池片被遮挡时，这时，对比例3的结果没有变化，等同于表6中遮挡1片的数据，即最大输出功率都是由无遮挡的5727.75mW下降到4601.98mW。在本发明实施例4中，当同一列电池片中有6片电池片全部被遮挡时，最大输出功率才由无遮挡的5728.27mW下降到5168.69mW，结果依然优于对比例3。
还有其他更多被遮挡电池片的排列组合，与现有技术相比，本发明的结果均有不同程度的改善。以遮挡1片电池片为例(在太阳能组件实际运行过程中发生的概率最大)：实施例4的太阳能电池组件效率损失为(5728.27-5587.27)/5728.27＝2.5％；对比例3的太阳能电池组件的效率损失为(5727.75-4601.98)/5727.75＝19.65％，比对比例3改善了约17.2个百分点。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，包括多个电池片，多个所述电池片呈m×n矩阵分布，其中，m为行数，n为列数，m和n皆为大于1的整数；多个所述电池片通过网格链接的方式连接；每列电池片的正负极通过导电件串联连接，每行电池片的正极皆通过导电件相互连接，第n行电池片的负极皆通过导电件相互连接；第一列电池片中的每个电池片皆并联设置有一个二极管。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，多个电池片的参数一致。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，多个所述二极管的参数一致。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，所述二极管的导通电压为0.2-0.7V。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，第一行电池片的正极作为太阳能电池组件的正极，第m行电池片的负极作为太阳能电池组件的负极。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，所述导电件为焊带或导线。
  7. 一种光伏发电装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-6任一项所述的太阳能电池组件。
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