WO2020182086A1 - 一种bier报文的发送方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种bier报文的发送方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020182086A1
WO2020182086A1 PCT/CN2020/078325 CN2020078325W WO2020182086A1 WO 2020182086 A1 WO2020182086 A1 WO 2020182086A1 CN 2020078325 W CN2020078325 W CN 2020078325W WO 2020182086 A1 WO2020182086 A1 WO 2020182086A1
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Prior art keywords
bier
node
message
domain
bfr
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PCT/CN2020/078325
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢经荣
刘毅松
庄顺万
韦乃文
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP20769224.5A priority Critical patent/EP3896923A4/en
Publication of WO2020182086A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020182086A1/zh
Priority to US17/468,196 priority patent/US11902049B2/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4633Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques, e.g. tunneling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/04Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/48Routing tree calculation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/50Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74Address processing for routing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2212/00Encapsulation of packets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16Multipoint routing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/34Source routing

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of network communication, and more specifically, to a method and device for sending a display copy BIER message based on a bit index.
  • IP multicast technology realizes point-to-multipoint efficient data transmission in an IP network, which can effectively save network bandwidth and reduce network load. Therefore, it is widely used in many aspects such as real-time data transmission, multimedia conferences, data copying, interactive network television (IPTV), games and simulation.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the multicast protocol of the multicast technology needs to construct a control plane multicast tree, and use this multicast tree to logically tree the network plane to realize the point-to-multipoint data forwarding of multicast forwarding.
  • the intermediate nodes of such a multicast routing protocol with the construction of a distribution tree as the core need to maintain the state of complex multicast forwarding information.
  • this kind of multicast technology is facing increasing costs and challenges in operation and maintenance.
  • bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) technology, which proposes a new technology that does not require group building.
  • BIER bit indexed explicit replication
  • the forwarding node supporting the BIER technology can forward BIER messages in the BIER domain according to the encapsulated BIER header information.
  • a BIER domain (BIER domian) can be a network area that can flood the bit position information of a node through an internal protocol and build a bit index to forward the BIFT. The bit position information of the node is not flooded between different BIER domains.
  • the leaf node receives the multicast join request and the multicast source to which the multicast joins is not in the BIER domain, in the prior art, the leaf node needs to be configured with path information for the message sent by the multicast source to reach the BIER domain. , And the leaf node sends the path information to the head node.
  • the path information is the MPLS label value.
  • IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6
  • the path information is an IPv6 address format. Therefore, in the prior art, the leaf node sends the configured path information to the head node. On the one hand, the signaling overhead is relatively large. On the other hand, the path information corresponding to different protocols is different, and the modification of the protocol is relatively large.
  • This application provides a method and device for sending a BIER message.
  • the leaf node does not need to send path information to the head node, so the signaling overhead is small.
  • a method for sending a BIER message includes:
  • the first node receives a message sent by a second node in the second BIER domain, the message carries the second BIER domain identifier, and the first node is not in the second BIER domain; the first node According to the second BIER domain identifier and the pre-configured BIER message sending policy, determine the BIER message sending policy corresponding to the second BIER domain identifier; the first node encapsulates and encapsulates the BIER message according to the BIER message sending policy Send a BIER message.
  • the first node may be a routing and forwarding device in the first BIER domain, and the device has the function of encapsulating the BIER header, re-encapsulating the P2P tunnel, and sending it out.
  • the first node may also be a single device that has the function of encapsulating the BIER header of the multicast packet, and then encapsulating the P2P tunnel and sending it out.
  • the BIER message sending strategy includes path information, and the first node encapsulates the path information corresponding to the second BIER domain identifier into the BIER message; The node sends the BIER message to the second BIER domain according to the path information encapsulated in the BIER message.
  • the corresponding P2P tunnel path information can be determined in the local configuration information according to the second BIER domain identifier, and the leaf node does not need to send the P2P tunnel path information to the head node, which saves signaling overhead.
  • the leaf node in this application does not need to send the segment identifier SID of the P2P tunnel to the head node. It is necessary to define different segment identifiers SI corresponding to different protocols at the leaf nodes. Therefore, the changes to the existing protocol are minor.
  • the BIER message sending strategy further includes a bit index forwarding table identifier BIFT-ID, and the first node encapsulates the BIFT-ID corresponding to the second BIER domain identifier.
  • the path information includes the segment identifier of the segment routing SR, or the endpoint identifier of the User Datagram Protocol UDP tunnel, or the SID of the Internet Protocol IP, or the endpoint identifier of the GRE tunnel for general routing encapsulation IP.
  • the second BIER domain identifier is a subdomain SD identifier in the second BIER domain where the second node is located.
  • the first node is a head node
  • the second node is a leaf node
  • a device for sending a BIER message includes:
  • a receiving module configured to receive a message sent by a second node in a second BIER domain, the message carrying the second BIER domain identifier, and the first node is not in the second BIER domain;
  • a determining module configured to determine a BIER message transmission strategy corresponding to the second BIER domain identifier according to the second BIER domain identifier and a pre-configured BIER message transmission policy
  • the sending module is used to encapsulate and send the BIER message according to the BIER message sending strategy.
  • the BIER message sending strategy includes path information, and the sending module is specifically configured to: encapsulate the path information corresponding to the second BIER domain identifier into the BIER message; According to the path information encapsulated by the BIER message, the BIER message is sent to the second BIER domain.
  • the BIER message sending strategy further includes a bit index forwarding table identifier BIFT-ID, and the sending module is specifically configured to: according to the BIFT-ID corresponding to the second BIER domain identifier Encapsulate the BIER header of the BIER message; and send the BIER message to the second node in the second BIER domain according to the BIER header.
  • BIFT-ID bit index forwarding table identifier
  • the path information includes the segment identification SID of the segment routing SR, or the endpoint identification of the User Datagram Protocol UDP tunnel, or the SID of the Internet Protocol IP, or the endpoint of the universal routing encapsulation GRE tunnel Identify the IP.
  • the second BIER domain identifier is a subdomain SD identifier in the second BIER domain where the second node is located.
  • the first node is a head node
  • the second node is a leaf node
  • a bit index-based display and copy BIER message sending device which is characterized by comprising an input and output interface, a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is used to control the input and output interface to send and receive information,
  • the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the master node executes the method described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
  • the processor may be a general-purpose processor, which may be implemented by hardware or software.
  • the processor may be a logic circuit, integrated circuit, etc.; when implemented by software, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, which is implemented by reading software codes stored in the memory, and the memory may Integrated in the processor, can be located outside of the processor, and exist independently.
  • a computer program product comprising: computer program code, which when the computer program code runs on a computer, causes the computer to execute the methods in the above aspects.
  • a computer-readable medium stores program code, and when the computer program code runs on a computer, the computer executes the methods in the above aspects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic networking diagram of a BIER technology provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a BIER multicast data packet sent according to the BIER header in the BIER domain according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a BIER multicast data message sent across BIER domains applied to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting BIER messages across BIER domains according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an SR-MPLS tunnel-based transmission of BIER packets across BIER domains according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a UDP tunnel-based cross-BIER domain transmission of BIER messages according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting BIER messages in the BIER domain provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 800 for sending a BIER message according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 900 for sending a BIER message according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • IP multicast technology realizes point-to-multipoint efficient data transmission in an IP network, which can effectively save network bandwidth and reduce network load. Therefore, it is widely used in many aspects such as real-time data transmission, multimedia conferences, data copying, interactive network television (IPTV), games and simulation.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the multicast protocol of the multicast technology needs to construct a control plane multicast tree, and use this multicast tree to logically tree the network plane to realize the point-to-multipoint data forwarding of multicast forwarding.
  • the intermediate nodes of such a multicast routing protocol with the construction of a distribution tree as the core need to maintain the state of complex multicast forwarding information.
  • this kind of multicast technology is facing increasing costs and challenges in operation and maintenance.
  • BIER bit indexed explicit replication
  • a device that encapsulates user multicast data with BIER data packets is called a BIER forwarding ingress router (BFIR), and a device that decapsulates BIER data packets is called a BIER forwarding egress router (BIERforwarding router). egress router, BFER).
  • BFIR BIER forwarding ingress router
  • BIERforwarding router BIER forwarding egress router
  • each edge node (for example, BFER) is configured with a globally unique bit position in the entire BIER subdomain (SD).
  • SD BIER subdomain
  • each edge node can be configured with a value as a BFR identification (identification, ID), for example, a value between 1 and 256.
  • All BFRIDs in the BIER domain form a bit string.
  • multicast traffic also called BIER multicast data packet
  • a specific BIER header needs to be encapsulated.
  • the BIER header is in the bit string The form of marking all destination nodes of the multicast traffic.
  • the intermediate forwarding node in the BIER domain performs routing according to the bit string carried in the BIER header to ensure that multicast traffic can be sent to all destination addresses.
  • the bit position information configured by the node will pass through routing protocols in advance, such as the open shortest path first (OSPF) protocol in the three-layer network, the intermediate system to intermediate system (intermediate system to intermediate system, ISIS) protocol, and the border gateway Protocol (border gateway protocol, BGP), interior gateway protocol (interior gateway protocol, IGP), etc. are flooded in the BIER domain to form a bit index forwarding table used to guide the forwarding of multicast traffic on each node in the BIER domain ( bit index forwarding table, BIFT).
  • OSPF open shortest path first
  • ISIS intermediate system to intermediate system
  • BGP border gateway protocol
  • interior gateway protocol interior gateway protocol
  • BIFT bit index forwarding table
  • the BIER header format can include but is not limited to: bit string, BIFT ID.
  • BIFT can be a label under the encapsulation of multi-protocol label switching (multi-protocol label switching, MPLS), and the label identification can include SD/bit string length (BSL)/set identifier (SI) A combination. Different BIFT IDs can correspond to different SD/BSL/SI combinations.
  • MPLS multi-protocol label switching
  • SI set identifier
  • SD is a subdomain in the BIER domain, and the BIER domain can be configured as a different SD according to the requirements of actual business scenarios.
  • the BIER domain can be configured as different SDs according to different services such as virtual private networks (virtual private networks, VPNs). For example, VPN 1 uses SD 0, and VPN 1 uses SD 1.
  • VPNs virtual private networks
  • VPNs can also use the same SD.
  • Different SDs in the BIER domain can be in one IGP process or topology, or not in one IGP process or topology, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of this application. .
  • BSL is the length of the bit string included in the BIER header. There may be multiple types of BSL, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of this application. It can be 64 bits (bit), or 128 bits, or 256 bits, and so on.
  • SI can be understood as a collection of multiple nodes or configured BFR IDs in the network.
  • the BSL is 256 bits, but there are more than 256 nodes in the network, or there are more than 256 configured BFR IDs, you need to divide these nodes or BFR IDs into different sets.
  • the BFR in the BIER domain can determine which SD the BIER multicast data message belongs to, the BSL used, and the node or configured BFR that forwards the message according to the BIFT ID in the BIER header. A collection of IDs.
  • BIFT ID 91: corresponding toSD 0, BSL 256, SI 0
  • BIFT ID 92: corresponding to SD 0, BSL 256, SI 1
  • BIFT ID 93: corresponding to SD 0, BSL 256, SI 2
  • BIFT ID 94: corresponding to SD 0, BSL 256, SI 3
  • BIFT ID 95: corresponding to SD 0, BSL 512, SI 0
  • BIFT ID 96: corresponding to SD 0, BSL 512, SI 1
  • Each bit in the bit string can be used to indicate the next hop node that receives the BIER multicast data packet.
  • the BFR in the BIER domain receives a message header containing BIER, it forwards the BIER multicast data message according to the bit string and BIFTID carried in the BIER header.
  • the length of the bit string is 256 bits
  • the format of the BIER message encapsulated under the MPLS protocol is:
  • IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6
  • BIER-MPLS BIER-MPLS
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a BIER multicast data packet sent according to the BIER header in the BIER domain according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 may include: multicast source node, multicast destination node, BFR 1, BFR 2, and BFR 3.
  • a BIER domain may include multiple forwarding node BFRs.
  • 3 BFRs are taken as an example for illustration in FIG. 2.
  • the BFR 1 shown in Figure 2 is the entrance BFR, and the BFR 3 is the exit BFR. It is assumed that the bit positions of BFR 1, BFR 2, and BFR 3 are 0001, 0010, and 0100, respectively.
  • the export BFR 3 implements an internal protocol to advertise its own bit position in the BIER domain. After the ingress BFR 1 receives the announcement of the export BFR 3 bit position, it saves the BFR 3 bit position in the local bit index forwarding table .
  • internal protocols please refer to the above description, which will not be repeated here.
  • Multicast source (source) node (1) Multicast source (source) node:
  • the multicast source can act as a server to send the multicast packets they need to the users.
  • the multicast source node may send an Internet Protocol (Internet Protocol, IP) message to the BFR 1 of the next hop.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the IP message can include two parts: Eth header and data.
  • BFIR1 receives the multicast message sent by the multicast source node, it is assumed that the multicast message needs to be sent to the egress BFER3.
  • BFIR 1 According to the mapping relationship stored in the local bit index forwarding table, it calculates the value of the bit string of the packet to be 0010, and encapsulates the user's multicast packet into a BIER multicast data packet, of which BIER multicast The bit string in the BIER header of the data message is filled with 0010 and forwarded to BFR 2.
  • BFR 2 After BFR 2 receives the BIER multicast data message, it searches the local bit index forwarding table stored in advance, and determines that the bit string in the BIER header of the BIER multicast data message sent to BFR 3 is filled with 0100 .
  • the egress BFER 2 After receiving the BIER multicast data packet sent by BFR 2, the egress BFER 2 determines that it is the destination of the BIER multicast data packet according to the bit string in the BIER header as 0100 and its own bfr-id as 3 The node decapsulates the BIER multicast data message, and sends the IP message to the multicast destination node.
  • Figure 2 describes the process in which one or more forwarding devices send a BIER multicast data message according to the header of the BIER message in a BIER domain.
  • the following describes the process of sending BIER multicast data messages between different BIER domains through the BIER technology.
  • a BIER domain can be understood as a network area that can flood the bit position information of a node through an internal protocol and build a bit index forwarding table BIFT.
  • the bit position information of the node is not flooded between different BIER domains.
  • an internal protocol is deployed in an autonomous system (AS) domain and the bit position information of the node is flooded
  • the AS domain may be a BIER domain.
  • different AS domains may deploy internal protocols and flood the bit position information of nodes, but the internal protocols deployed between AS domains do not flood the bit position information of nodes, so multiple AS domains Can be understood as different BIER domains.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a BIER multicast data message sent across BIER domains applied to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 may include multiple BIER domains.
  • the first BIER domain and the second BIER domain are used as examples for description.
  • the first BIER domain includes: BFR10, BFR11, and BFR12.
  • the second BIER domain includes: BFR 20, BFR 21, and BFR 22.
  • BFR11 and BFR21 may also be called provider edge (provider edge, PE) routers.
  • the head node that crosses the intermediate network with the second BIER domain in the embodiment of the present application can be a router in the first BIER domain, or a single device.
  • the device has the ability to group
  • the broadcast message encapsulates the BIER header, then encapsulates the P2P tunnel and sends it out.
  • the head node needs to send the BIER message to the second BIER domain through a peer-to-peer (P2P) tunnel, and then copy and forward the BIER header in the second BIER domain.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the P2P tunnel can be established between the head node and the BFR node of the second BIER domain close to the intermediate network; the P2P tunnel can also be established between the head node and other nodes in the second BIER domain.
  • the node used as the P2P tunnel endpoint in the second BIER domain can also be called an anchor point, which is used to send P2P unicast packets across the BIER domain to this point and start copying and forwarding of the BIER.
  • the BIER packet needs to be sent from the head node to the second BIER domain through a peer-to-peer (P2P) tunnel, and then replicated according to the BIER header in the second BIER domain. And forward.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the P2P tunnel can be established between the head node and the BFR node of the second BIER domain close to the intermediate network, or the P2P tunnel can also be established between the head node and other nodes in the second BIER domain.
  • the node used as the P2P tunnel endpoint in the second BIER domain can also be called an anchor point, which is used to send P2P unicast packets across the BIER domain to this point and start copying and forwarding of the BIER.
  • BFR 10 can send the BIER message to the second BIER domain through the P2P tunnel, and then copy and forward the BIER header in the second BIER domain.
  • a P2P tunnel can be established between the head node BFR 10 and the BFR node in the second BIER domain close to the intermediate network.
  • a P2P tunnel can also be established between the head node BFR 10 and other nodes in the second BIER domain.
  • the node used as the P2P tunnel endpoint in the second BIER domain may also be called an anchor point, which is used to start copying and forwarding of the BIER message after sending a P2P unicast message across the BIER domain to this node.
  • the BFR 21 can be sent to The multicast join message sent by the BFR11 carries the encapsulation information of the P2P tunnel to the second BIER domain. For example, the segment identification (SID) of BFR 20 in the second BIER domain.
  • SID segment identification
  • the SID of BFR 20 can be configured for BFR 21 in the second BIER domain, and BFR 21 can be sent to BFR 11 through border gateway protocol-mobile virtual private network (border gateway protocol-multicast virtual private network, BGP-MVPN) signaling The SID of BFR 20.
  • Segment routing (SR) divides the P2P tunnel between BFR 10 and BFR 20 through which the packet flow passes into multiple segments, and the multiple segments are identified by SIDs.
  • SR adds the SIDs of multiple segments divided on the P2P tunnel to the encapsulation information of the tunnel outside the BIER header, so that multiple segments on the P2P tunnel between BFR 10 and BFR 20 can be multicast data packets based on BIER
  • the SID information of the BFR 20 in the outer encapsulation of the BIER multicast data packet is sent hop-by-hop from the BFR 10 in the first BIER domain to the BFR 20 in the second BIER domain.
  • the SID value corresponding to SR is the MPLS label value.
  • IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6
  • the SID value corresponding to the SR is an IPv6 address format.
  • PTA operator multicast service interface tunnel attribute
  • the BFR 21 does not need to send the SID of the BFR 20 to the BFR 11, and there is no need to use different PTA tunnel types according to different protocols. While making minor modifications to the protocol, it can also reduce the amount of information. Order overhead.
  • the BIER domain can use BIER packets encapsulated by the MPLS protocol.
  • the P2P tunnel described in Figure 2 can be an SR-MPLS tunnel or a user datagram protocol (UDP). ) Tunnel, the P2P tunnel information is encapsulated before the BIER header.
  • the BIER domain may also use a BIER message encapsulated by the ETH protocol.
  • the P2P tunnel in Figure 2 may be a UDP tunnel, and the UDP tunnel information is encapsulated before the BIER header.
  • the BIER domain may also use a BIER message encapsulated by the IPv6 protocol.
  • the P2P tunnel in FIG. 2 may be an SRv6 tunnel, and the SRv6 tunnel information is encapsulated before the BIER header.
  • the SRv6 tunnel may carry a segment routing header (SRH), or may not carry the SRH header.
  • the SRv6 tunnel is an IPv6 tunnel that explicitly specifies the tunnel path. If the SRH header is not carried, the SRv6 tunnel is an IPv6 tunnel that does not explicitly specify the tunnel path.
  • the destination address of the IPv6 header is unicast+IPv6 extension header carrying BIER header+inner IP header and multicast data packet.
  • the unicast source address and unicast destination address in the IPv6 header represent an IPv6 tunnel, and The processing of the BIER header starts after reaching the end of the IPv6 tunnel.
  • the SRv6 tunnel can be understood as a segmented route using the IPv6 protocol
  • the SR-MPLS tunnel can be understood as a segmented route using the MPLS protocol.
  • the nodes in the first BIER domain and the nodes in the second BIER domain need to be configured respectively.
  • the configured information may include but is not limited to: BIER domain identifier, VPN sending configuration table, and message sending policy.
  • BIER domain identifier identifier for a BIER domain
  • VPN sending configuration table identifier for a BIER domain
  • message sending policy identifier for a message sending policy.
  • the identifier of the BIER domain may be configured for the first BIER domain, and the configuration granularity is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an identifier can be configured for the first BIER domain, and all SDs in the first BIER domain use the one identifier.
  • an identifier may also be configured for each SD in the first BIER domain.
  • the specific configuration of the BIER domain ID The signaling is as follows:
  • This table is used to configure which sub-domain in the first BIER domain is used by the VPN, and which packet transmission strategy is used.
  • the specific VPN sending configuration table signaling is as follows:
  • the configured message sending strategy may include, but is not limited to: path information and encapsulation information.
  • the path information is the correspondence between the identifier of each BIER domain (for example, color) and the path to be used for the message transmitted to the BIER domain corresponding to the color.
  • the encapsulation information includes information for encapsulating the BIER header, for example, the bit string and BIFT-ID required for encapsulating the BIER header.
  • the head node determines that it does not need to pass through the P2P tunnel, and performs BIFT according to the local bit index forwarding table
  • a bit string can be used to determine the specific outgoing interface and the BFR ID of the next hop.
  • BIFT-id may be dynamically allocated, or may be directly obtained and configured statically, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the encapsulation format of the P2P tunnel in the replication-policy matches the protocol used by sub-domain0 to encapsulate the BIER multicast data message, so that the overlay encapsulation of the BIER message and the P2P tunnel can be realized.
  • the encapsulation format of the BIER message is BIER-MPLS
  • the encapsulation format of the P2P tunnel may be SR-MPLS, UDP, or generic routing encapsulation (GRE) protocol.
  • GRE generic routing encapsulation
  • the encapsulation format of the BIER message is BIER-IPv6, then the encapsulation format of the P2P tunnel can be SRv6 or IPv6.
  • the configured information may also include a tracking table, which is used to track each leaf node in the BIER domain. And according to the color that each leaf node carries to indicate the BIER domain where the leaf node is located, the leaf nodes can be summarized according to the color to determine which leaf nodes are in a specific color. It can be avoided in the prior art that after receiving the color of the BIER domain where each leaf node is located, extracting the leaf nodes that carry the same color one by one, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
  • the head node and the leaf nodes in the second BIER domain can be configured separately according to the above configuration method.
  • the embodiment of the present application uses color to identify the first BIER domain and the second BIER domain. For example, use color 1 to indicate the identity of sub-domain 0 in the first BIER domain, and use color 2 to indicate the identity of sub-domain 0 in the second BIER domain.
  • the head node may be located in the first BIER domain, or may be an independent node, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the following takes the head node in the first BIER domain as an example for description.
  • the nodes in the first BIER domain (for example, BFR 11, BFR 12) are configured as follows:
  • the path when sending the message in the embodiment of the present application may be the path of the SR or SRv6 tunnel, or may also be the path of the IP, UDP, or GRE tunnel.
  • the nodes in the second BIER domain are configured according to the following table:
  • the BFR 21 in the second BIER domain receives the user multicast join request sent by the user, and the multicast source of the user multicast join is the BFR 11 in the first BIER domain.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting BIER messages across BIER domains according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method shown in FIG. 4 may include steps 410-430, and the process of steps 410-430 will be described in detail below.
  • Step 410 The BFR 21 in the second BIER domain sends a multicast join message to the BFR 11 in the first BIER domain, and carries the identifier of the second BIER domain (for example, the configured identifier of the second BIER domain is color 2).
  • the multicast join message may be a message sent by the BFR 21 in the second BIER domain to the BFR 11 in the first BIER domain through the BGP protocol.
  • the multicast join message may be a BGP message on the control plane, for example, a BGP-MVPN message, or a BGP-EVPN message, or a protocol independent multicast (protocol independent multicast, PIM) message sent through a tunnel.
  • PIM protocol independent multicast
  • Step 420 The BFR 11 in the first BIER domain generates a corresponding BIER multicast data message forwarding entry 1 according to the identifier of the second BIER domain and the locally configured message sending policy.
  • the BIER multicast data packet of PE 21 in the second BIER domain needs to pass BFR 20.
  • the forwarding entries of the BIER multicast data packet issued by BFR 11 are as follows:
  • MAC media access control address
  • path SID_List ⁇ SID1,SID2,R20>, it can be understood that the BIER packet transmitted by BFR 11 in the first BIER domain to the multicast destination needs to be forwarded through BFR 20, and then enters the second BIER domain for hop-by-hop transmission Go to BFR 21.
  • SID1 and SID2 can be understood as the routers with segment IDs of SID 1 and SID 2 through which the tunnel between the first BIER domain and the second BIER domain passes, and the routers with segment IDs of SID 1 and SID 2 respond to BIER packets. Send to reach BFR 20.
  • Step 430 The BFR 11 in the first BIER domain encapsulates the multicast message, the BIER header, and P2P tunnel information according to forwarding entry 1, and sends the encapsulated BIER multicast data message.
  • Different P2P tunnels may correspond to different encapsulation information.
  • the encapsulation information of the P2P tunnel may be an MPLS label.
  • the encapsulation information of the P2P tunnel may be a UDP header and an IP header. The description is given below with reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 respectively.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an SR-MPLS tunnel-based transmission of BIER packets across BIER domains according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Step 1 The BFR 21 in the second BIER domain sends a multicast join message to the BFR 11 in the first BIER domain.
  • the multicast join message sent by the BFR 21 in the second BIER domain to the BFR 11 may carry the second BIER domain identifier and the BIER information of the BFR 21, and the BIER information may be, for example, the BFR ID of the second BIER domain.
  • Step 2 The BFR 11 in the first BIER domain determines the forwarding table according to the second BIER domain identifier carried in the multicast join message sent by the BFR 21 and the message sending policy.
  • the forwarding entries of the BIER multicast data packet issued by BFR 11 are as follows:
  • VRF virtual routing forwarding
  • source source
  • S multicast source
  • G multicast destination
  • MAC media access control address
  • Step 3 BFR 11 in the first BIER domain receives the IP multicast packet sent by multicast source 1.
  • Step 4 BFR 11 encapsulates IP multicast packets.
  • BFR 11 determines that the IP multicast packet needs to be sent to the second BIER domain according to the forwarding entry 1 issued.
  • the segment identifiers of the routers passing through the P2P tunnel are the routers of SID 1, SID 2, and The routers with segment identifiers SID 1 and SID 2 respectively send the BIER message to reach BFR 20 with segment identifier R20.
  • the encapsulation information of the P2P tunnel is encapsulated in the outer layer of the BIER header.
  • Step 5 BFR 11 sends the encapsulated BIER message to BFR 21.
  • the BFR 10 can search for the outbound interface of the path according to the encapsulated MPLS label stack, and determine the IP address of the next hop and the source media access control address (MAC) address.
  • MAC media access control address
  • the segment identifier of the router of the next hop in the MPLS label stack is SID 1
  • BFR 10 determines the outbound interface and next hop to the router with the identifier SID 1 according to the locally stored forwarding table to the router of SID 1. And transmit the BIER message to the next hop of the router identified as SID 1.
  • the BFR 10 may broadcast an address resolution protocol (ARP) request message according to the IP address of the next hop to the router identified as SID1.
  • ARP request packet carries the IP address of the next hop and is used to obtain the MAC address of the next hop.
  • ARP address resolution protocol
  • the BIER multicast data packet is sent to BFR20.
  • the BFR 20 can send the BIER message to the BFR 21 according to the BIER message header in the second BIER field.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a UDP tunnel-based cross-BIER domain transmission of BIER messages according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Step 1 The BFR 21 in the second BIER domain sends a multicast join message to the BFR 11 in the first BIER domain.
  • step 1 in Figure 5 please refer to the description in Figure 5 for details, and will not be repeated here.
  • Step 2 The BFR 11 in the first BIER domain determines the forwarding table according to the second BIER domain identifier carried in the multicast join message sent by the BFR 21 and the message sending policy.
  • step 2 in FIG. 5 It corresponds to step 2 in FIG. 5, and for details, please refer to the description in FIG. 5, which will not be repeated here.
  • Step 3 BFR 11 in the first BIER domain receives the IP multicast packet sent by multicast source 1.
  • step 3 in FIG. 5 It corresponds to step 3 in FIG. 5, and for details, please refer to the description in FIG. 5, which will not be repeated here.
  • Step 4 BFR 11 encapsulates IP multicast packets.
  • the BFR 11 in the first BIER domain determines the encapsulated BIER header and the encapsulation information of the P2P tunnel (the P2P tunnel is a UDP tunnel, and the encapsulation information of the P2P tunnel is the UDP header and IP header) according to the path information and encapsulation information in the message sending strategy.
  • BFR 11 can also encapsulate a layer of IP+UDP header outside the encapsulated BIER header as a tunnel.
  • the corresponding port number field or protocol number field in the UDP message indicates that the BIER header is encapsulated in it.
  • the IP header is encapsulated outside.
  • the destination address of the IP header is the endpoint address of the P2P tunnel specified by path in the forwarding table issued by BFR 11 to facilitate the transmission of BIER multicast data packets to the P2P tunnel In the next hop.
  • the next-hop node After receiving the BIER multicast data message, the next-hop node searches the IP routing table according to the outer IP header and forwards it without changing the content of the BIER header.
  • Step 5 BFR 11 sends the encapsulated BIER message to BFR 21.
  • BFR 10 can determine that it is a BIER multicast data message according to the encapsulated UDP header, and can send the BIER multicast data message to the next hop node according to the destination address of the IP header. Similarly, the BIER multicast data packet is sent to BFR 20 after being forwarded by router IP with segment identifiers SID 1, SID 2, and R20. The BFR 20 can send the BIER message to the BFR 21 according to the BIER message header in the second BIER field.
  • the BFR 12 in the first BIER domain receives the user multicast join request sent by the user, and the multicast source of the user's multicast join is the BFR 11 in the first BIER domain.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting BIER messages in the BIER domain provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method shown in FIG. 7 may include steps 710-730, and the process of steps 710-730 will be described in detail below.
  • Step 710 The BFR 12 in the first BIER domain sends a multicast join message to the BFR 11 in the first BIER domain, and carries the identifier of the first BIER domain (for example, the configured identifier of the first BIER domain is color 1).
  • step 410 please refer to the description in step 410 for details, which will not be repeated here.
  • Step 720 The BFR 11 in the first BIER domain generates a corresponding BIER multicast data message forwarding entry 2 according to the identifier of the first BIER domain and the locally configured message sending policy.
  • the BIER multicast data packet of 12 does not need to pass through the P2P tunnel, for example, it does not need to pass through the P2P tunnel to BFR 20.
  • the forwarding entries of the BIER multicast data packet issued by BFR 11 are as follows:
  • the mapping relationship can be stored according to the bit string in the BIER header and stored in the local bit index forwarding table. Determine the required outbound interface and next hop node.
  • Step 730 The BFR 11 in the first BIER domain encapsulates the multicast message and the BIER header according to forwarding entry 2, and sends the encapsulated BIER multicast data message.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 800 for sending a BIER message according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 800 for sending the BIER message may include:
  • a receiving module 810 configured to receive a message sent by a second node in a second BIER domain, the message carrying the second BIER domain identifier, and the first node is not in the second BIER domain;
  • the determining module 820 is configured to determine a BIER message transmission strategy corresponding to the second BIER domain identifier according to the second BIER domain identifier and a pre-configured BIER message transmission policy;
  • the sending module 830 is configured to encapsulate and send the BIER message according to the BIER message sending strategy.
  • the BIER message sending strategy includes path information
  • the sending module 830 is specifically configured to: encapsulate the path information corresponding to the second BIER domain identifier into the BIER message ; According to the path information encapsulated by the BIER message, the BIER message is sent to the second BIER domain.
  • the BIER message sending strategy includes a bit index forwarding table identifier BIFT-ID
  • the sending module 830 is specifically configured to: according to the BIFT-ID corresponding to the second BIER domain identifier Encapsulate the BIER header of the BIER message; and send the BIER message to the second node in the second BIER domain according to the BIER header.
  • the path information includes the segment identification SID of the segment routing SR, or the endpoint identification of the User Datagram Protocol UDP tunnel, or the SID of the Internet Protocol IP, or the endpoint of the universal routing encapsulation GRE tunnel Identify the IP.
  • the second BIER domain identifier is a subdomain SD identifier in the second BIER domain where the second node is located.
  • the first node is a head node
  • the second node is a leaf node
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 900 for sending a BIER message according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 900 for sending a BIER message may include: a memory 910, a processing 1002, and an input/output interface 930.
  • the memory 910, the processor 920, and the input/output interface 930 are connected by an internal connection path.
  • the memory 910 is used to store program instructions
  • the processor 920 is used to execute the program instructions stored in the memory 910 to control the input/output interface.
  • 930 receives input data and information, and outputs data such as operation results.
  • the processor 920 may adopt a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP), Application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the processor 920 uses one or more integrated circuits to execute related programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the memory 910 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor 920.
  • a part of the processor 920 may also include a non-volatile random access memory.
  • the processor 920 may also store device type information.
  • the steps of the foregoing method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 920 or instructions in the form of software.
  • the method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 910, and the processor 920 reads information in the memory 910, and completes the steps of the foregoing method in combination with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the apparatus 900 for sending a BIER message is used to execute the corresponding processes of the methods in Figures 2 to 7 of the embodiment of the present application, and the foregoing description of each module in the apparatus 900 for sending a BIER message is The other operations and/or functions are used to implement the corresponding processes of the respective methods in FIG. 2 to FIG. 7 in the embodiments of the present application. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
  • the processor may implement the steps executed by each module by calling a computer program in the memory.
  • the processor may call the computer instructions stored in the cache to execute the steps required by each module (for example, the receiving module 810 and the sending module 820 shown in FIG. 8).
  • the size of the sequence number of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, rather than corresponding to the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • the disclosed system, device, and method may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or It can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
  • each unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of this application essentially or the part that contributes to the existing technology or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), random access memory (random access memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code .

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种基于位索引的显示复制BIER报文的发送方法,该方法包括:第一节点接收第二BIER域中的第二节点发送的报文,所述报文携带第二BIER域标识;根据第二BIER域标识和预配置的BIER报文发送策略,确定第二BIER域标识相对应的BIER报文发送策略;根据BIER报文发送策略封装并发送BIER报文。本申请提供的技术方案可以根据第二节点携带的第二BIER域的标识以及预配置的BIER报文发送策略确定发送到第二BIER域的路径信息,避免现有技术中第二节点直接发送第二BIER域的路径信息所造成的较大的信令开销。

Description

一种BIER报文的发送方法和装置
本申请要求于2019年3月8日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910175395.1、申请名称为“一种BIER报文的发送方法和装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及网络通信领域,并且更具体地,涉及一种基于位索引的显示复制BIER报文的发送方法和装置。
背景技术
网络协议(internet protocol,IP)组播技术实现了IP网络中点到多点的高效数据传送,能够有效地节约网络带宽、降低网络负载。因此,在实时数据传送、多媒体会议、数据拷贝、交互式网络电视(internet protocol television,IPTV)、游戏和仿真等诸多方面都有广泛的应用。该组播技术的组播协议需要构建一种控制平面组播树,利用这种组播树将网络平面逻辑树状,以实现组播转发的点到多点的数据转发。这种以构建分发树为核心的组播路由协议的中间节点都需要维护复杂的组播转发信息的状态。在网络规模越来越大,组播数据流量与日俱增的情况下,这种组播技术面临越来越大的成本和运维方面的挑战。
为此,业界提出了一种新的用于构建组播数据转发路径的技术,称为基于位索引的显示复制(bitindexed explicit replication,BIER)技术,该技术提出了一种新的不需要构建组播分发树的组播技术架构。支持BIER技术的转发节点可以根据封装的BIER头信息在本BIER域内进行BIER报文的转发。
单个路由器节点向其他BIER域的节点发送BIER报文,需要该路由器封装BIER报文,该单个路由器节点也视为一个单点的BIER域。一个BIER域(BIER domian)可以为一个能通过内部协议泛洪节点的比特位置信息并建立位索引转发表BIFT的网络区域。不同的BIER域之间不泛洪节点的比特位置信息。在叶子节点接收到组播加入请求,且该组播加入的组播源不在本BIER域内的情况下,现有技术中需要为叶子节点配置组播源发送的报文到达本BIER域内的路径信息,并由叶子节点将该路径信息发送至头节点。
但是,由于不同的协议对应路径信息不同,例如,在多协议标签交换(multi-protocol label switching,MPLS)中,路径信息为MPLS标签值。又如,在互联网协议第6版(internet protocol version 6,IPv6)中,路径信息为IPv6的地址格式。因此,现有技术中叶子节点将配置的路径信息发送至头节点,一方面,信令开销较大,另一方面,不同的协议对应的路径信息不同,对协议的修改较大。
发明内容
本申请提供一种BIER报文的发送方法和装置,叶子节点不需要向头节点发送路径信息,因此信令开销较小。
第一方面,提供了一种BIER报文的发送方法,所述方法包括:
第一节点接收第二BIER域中的第二节点发送的报文,所述报文携带所述第二BIER域标识,所述第一节点不在所述第二BIER域中;所述第一节点根据所述第二BIER域标识和预配置的BIER报文发送策略,确定所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIER报文发送策略;所述第一节点根据所述BIER报文发送策略封装并发送BIER报文。
应理解,第一节点可以是第一BIER域内的一个路由转发设备,该设备具有封装BIER头、再封装P2P隧道并发送出去的功能。或者该第一节点还可以是一个单台设备,该单台设备具备将组播报文封装BIER头、再封装P2P隧道并发送出去的功能。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述BIER报文发送策略包括路径信息,所述第一节点将所述第二BIER域标识相对应的路径信息封装进所述BIER报文;所述第一节点根据所述BIER报文封装的路径信息,将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域。
上述技术方案中,可以根据第二BIER域标识在本地的配置信息中确定与之对应的P2P隧道路径信息,不需要叶子节点向头节点发送P2P隧道的路径信息,节省信令开销。同时,由于不同的协议对应P2P隧道的段标识SID值不同,不同的SID类型对应不同的协议报文格式,本申请中叶子节点不需要向头结点发送P2P隧道的段标识SID,也就不需要在叶子节点处定义不同协议对应的不同的段标识SI,因此,对现有协议的改动较小。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述BIER报文发送策略还包括位索引转发表标识BIFT-ID,所述第一节点根据所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIFT-ID封装所述BIER报文的BIER头;所述第一节点根据所述BIER头将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域中的所述第二节点。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述路径信息包括分段路由SR的段标识,或者用户数据报协议UDP隧道的端点标识,或者互联网协议IP的SID,或者通用路由封装GRE隧道的端点标识IP。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述第二BIER域标识为所述第二节点所在第二BIER域中的子域SD标识。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一节点为头节点,所述第二节点为叶子节点。
第二方面,提供了一种BIER报文的发送装置,所述装置包括:
接收模块,用于接收第二BIER域中的第二节点发送的报文,所述报文携带所述第二BIER域标识,所述第一节点不在所述第二BIER域中;
确定模块,用于根据所述第二BIER域标识和预配置的BIER报文发送策略,确定所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIER报文发送策略;
发送模块,用于根据所述BIER报文发送策略封装并发送BIER报文。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述BIER报文发送策略包括路径信息,所述发送 模块具体用于:将所述第二BIER域标识相对应的路径信息封装进所述BIER报文;根据所述BIER报文封装的路径信息,将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述BIER报文发送策略还包括位索引转发表标识BIFT-ID,所述发送模块具体用于:根据所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIFT-ID封装所述BIER报文的BIER头;根据所述BIER头将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域中的所述第二节点。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述路径信息包括分段路由SR的段标识SID,或者用户数据报协议UDP隧道的端点标识,或者互联网协议IP的SID,或者通用路由封装GRE隧道的端点标识IP。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述第二BIER域标识为所述第二节点所在第二BIER域中的子域SD标识。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一节点为头节点,所述第二节点为叶子节点。
第三方面,提供了一种基于位索引的显示复制BIER报文的发送装置,其特征在于,包括输入输出接口、处理器和存储器,其中所述处理器用于控制所述输入输出接口收发信息,所述存储器用于存储计算机程序,所述处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序,使得所述主节点执行第一方面或第一方面任意一种可能的实现方式中所述的方法。
可选地,该处理器可以是通用处理器,可以通过硬件来实现也可以通过软件来实现。当通过硬件实现时,该处理器可以是逻辑电路、集成电路等;当通过软件来实现时,该处理器可以是一个通用处理器,通过读取存储器中存储的软件代码来实现,该存储器可以集成在处理器中,可以位于该处理器之外,独立存在。
第四方面,提供了一种计算机程序产品,所述计算机程序产品包括:计算机程序代码,当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述各方面中的方法。
第五方面,提供了一种计算机可读介质,所述计算机可读介质存储有程序代码,当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述各方面中的方法。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种BIER技术的示意性组网图。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种在BIER域中根据BIER头发送BIER组播数据报文的示意性框图。
图3是应用于本申请实施例的一种跨BIER域发送BIER组播数据报文的示意性框图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种跨BIER域传输BIER报文的方法的示意性流程图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种基于SR-MPLS隧道的跨BIER域传输BIER报文的示意性框图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种基于UDP隧道的跨BIER域传输BIER报文的示意性框图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种BIER域内传输BIER报文的方法的示意性流程图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种BIER报文的发送装置800的示意性框图。
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种BIER报文的发送装置900的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图,对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
网络协议(internet protocol,IP)组播技术实现了IP网络中点到多点的高效数据传送,能够有效地节约网络带宽、降低网络负载。因此,在实时数据传送、多媒体会议、数据拷贝、交互式网络电视(internet protocol television,IPTV)、游戏和仿真等诸多方面都有广泛的应用。该组播技术的组播协议需要构建一种控制平面组播树,利用这种组播树将网络平面逻辑树状,以实现组播转发的点到多点的数据转发。这种以构建分发树为核心的组播路由协议的中间节点都需要维护复杂的组播转发信息的状态。在网络规模越来越大,组播数据流量与日俱增的情况下,这种组播技术面临越来越大的成本和运维方面的挑战。
为此,业界提出了一种新的用于构建组播数据转发路径的技术,称为基于位索引的显示复制(bitindexed explicit replication,BIER)技术,该技术提出了一种新的不需要构建组播分发树的组播技术架构。如图1所示,支持BIER技术的路由器可以称为(BIER forwarding router,BFR),该BFR设备可以接收并转发BIER报文。由一个或多个BFR组成的一个组播转发域称为BIER域(BIER domian)。在BIER域的边缘,对用户的组播数据进行BIER数据报文封装的设备称为BIER转发入口路由器(BIERforwarding ingress router,BFIR),解封装BIER数据报文的设备称为BIER转发出口路由器(BIERforwarding egress router,BFER)。
在BIER域中,对每台边缘的节点(例如,BFER)配置一个在整个BIER子域(sub domain,SD)中全局唯一的一个比特位置(bit position)。作为一个示例,可以为每一个边缘的节点配置一个值作为BFR标识(identification,ID),例如,一个1-256之间的一个数值。BIER域中所有的BFRID组成一个比特串(bit string),组播流量(也可以称为BIER组播数据报文)在BIER域中传输时需要额外封装一个特定的BIER头,BIER头以bit string的形式标注了该组播流量的所有目的节点。BIER域中的中间转发节点根据BIER头中携带的bit string进行路由,保证组播流量能够发送到所有的目的地址。
节点配置的比特位置信息事先会通过路由协议,例如三层网络中的开放式最短路径优先(open shortest path first,OSPF)协议,中间系统到中间系统(intermediate system tointermediate system,ISIS)协议,边界网关协议(border gateway protocol,BGP),内部网关协议(interior gateway protocol,IGP)等在BIER域中泛洪,形成用于指导组播流量在BIER域中的每个节点进行转发的位索引转发表(bit index forwarding table,BIFT)。BFR在接收到封装有BIER头的BIER报文时,根据BIFT来完成BIER报文到目的节点的转发。
为了便于理解,对上文提及的BIER头、BIFT的相关概念进行详细说明。
BIER头格式中可以包括但不限于:比特串(bit string),BIFT ID。
(1)BIFT ID
BIFT在多协议标签交换(multi-protocol label switching,MPLS)封装下可以是一个标签,该标签标识中可以包括SD/比特串长度(bit string length,BSL)/集合标识(set identifier,SI)的一个组合。不同的BIFT ID可以对应于不同的SD/BSL/SI组合。
SD为BIER域中的子域,BIER域可以根据实际的业务场景的需求配置为不同的SD。作为一个示例,可以根据业务例如,虚拟私有网(virtual private network,VPN)的不同,将BIER域配置为不同的SD。例如,VPN 1使用SD 0,VPN 1使用SD 1。
需要说明的是,多个VPN也可以使用相同的SD,BIER域中不同的SD可以在一个IGP进程或拓扑中,也可以不在一个IGP进程或拓扑中,本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
BSL为BIER头中包括的bit string的长度。BSL可以有多种,本申请实施例对此不做具体些限定。可以是64位(bit),或者还可以是128bit,或者还可以是256bit等等。
SI可以理解为网络中的多个节点或配置的BFR ID组成的集合。作为一个示例,BSL为256bit,但是网络中有超过256个节点,或者配置的BFR ID有超过256个,则需要将这些节点或BFR ID划分为不同的集合。例如,BFR ID=1 to 256的节点为集合0(set 0,或SI=0),BFR ID=257 to 512的节点为集合1(set 1,或者SI=1)。
BIER域中的BFR在接收到了BIER组播数据报文之后,可以根据BIER头中的BIFT ID确定该BIER组播数据报文属于哪个SD,使用的BSL以及转发该报文的节点或配置的BFR ID组成的集合。
下面列举出几种可能的BIFT ID所代表的对应的SD/BSL/SI组合。
BIFT ID=91:corresponding toSD 0,BSL 256,SI 0
BIFT ID=92:corresponding to SD 0,BSL 256,SI 1
BIFT ID=93:corresponding to SD 0,BSL 256,SI 2
BIFT ID=94:corresponding to SD 0,BSL 256,SI 3
BIFT ID=95:corresponding to SD 0,BSL 512,SI 0
BIFT ID=96:corresponding to SD 0,BSL 512,SI 1
以BIFT ID=92为例,BFR在接收到了BIER组播数据报文之后,可以根据该BIER头中的BIFT ID获取该BIER组播数据报文属于SD 0,BIER头中使用的BSL为256bit,属于集合1(包括BFR ID=257to 512的节点的集合)。
(2)比特串(bit string)
bit string中的每一个bit可以用来表示接收BIER组播数据报文的下一跳节点。当BIER域中的BFR在接收到了包含有BIER的报文头时,根据BIER头中携带的bit string以及BIFTID转发BIER组播数据报文。
以BFR接收到的BIER头中的BIFT ID=92为例,bit string的长度为256bit,转发BIER组播数据报文的节点为BFR ID=257 to 512的节点。bit string中的低位(最右)的一个bit用来标识下一跳节点是BFR ID=257的节点,bit string中从右往左的第2个bit用来标识下一跳节点是BFR ID=258的节点。
应理解,BIER头在不同的协议下的封装格式不同。
以以太网(ethernet,Eth)为例,在Eth协议下封装的BIER报文的格式为:
Eth头+BIER头+数据
以MPLS协议在以太链路上为例,在MPLS协议下封装的BIER报文的格式为:
Eth头+(可选地其他标签)+BIER头+数据
以互联网协议第6版(internet protocol version 6,IPv6)为例,在IPv6协议在以太链路下封装的BIER报文的格式为:
Eth头+IPv6基本头+IPv6目的扩展头(内含BIER头)+数据
下面结合图2,对在BIER域中的中间转发节点根据BIER头发送BIER组播数据报文的具体实现方式进行说明,为了便于描述,图2中以BIER域MPLS协议封装的BIER报文(以下也可以简称为BIER-MPLS)为例。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种在BIER域中根据BIER头发送BIER组播数据报文的示意性框图。图2中可以包括:组播源节点、组播目的节点、BFR 1、BFR 2、BFR 3。
应理解,一个BIER域中可以包括多个转发节点BFR,为了便于描述,图2中以3个BFR为例进行说明。
图2中所示的BFR 1为入口BFR,BFR 3为出口BFR,假设BFR 1、BFR 2、BFR 3的bit position分别为0001、0010、0100。出口的BFR 3实现通过内部协议在BIER域中通告其自身的bit position,入口的BFR 1收到出口的BFR 3的bit position的通告之后,在本地的位索引转发表中保存BFR 3的bit position。具体的有关内部协议的描述请参考上文中的说明,此处不再赘述。
(1)组播源(source)节点:
在网络中的用户需要某些特定数据时,组播源可以作为一个服务器,向用户发送其需要的组播报文。
具体的,组播源节点可以向下一跳的BFR 1发送互联网协议(internet protocol,IP)报文。IP报文可以包括Eth头和数据两部分。
(2)BFIR 1:
也可以称为头节点,具有BIER封装的能力。当入口的BFIR 1收到了组播源节点发送的组播报文,假定该组播报文在需要发送到出口的BFER 3。BFIR 1根据预先保存在本地的位索引转发表中的映射关系,计算出该报文的bit string的值为0010,将用户的组播报文封装为BIER组播数据报文,其中BIER组播数据报文的BIER头中的bit string填充为0010并转发至BFR 2。
(3)BFR 2:
中间转发节点,BFR 2接收到BIER组播数据报文之后,查找预先保存在本地的位索引转发表,确定将发送至BFR 3的BIER组播数据报文的BIER头中的bit string填充为0100。
(4)BFER 2:
也可以称为叶子节点,具有BIER解封装的能力。出口的BFER 2在接收到BFR 2发送的BIER组播数据报文之后,根据BIER头中的bit string为0100,及自己的bfr-id为3,确定自己是该BIER组播数据报文的目的节点,解封装BIER组播数据报文,将 IP报文发送至组播目的节点。
图2描述了在一个BIER域内,一个或多个转发设备根据BIER报文的头部发送BIER组播数据报文的过程。下面对不同的BIER域之间通过BIER技术发送BIER组播数据报文的过程进行描述。
应理解,一个BIER域(BIER domian)可以理解为一个能通过内部协议泛洪节点的比特位置信息并建立位索引转发表BIFT的网络区域。不同的BIER域之间不泛洪节点的比特位置信息。例如,在一个自治系统(autonomous system,AS)域内部署内部协议并泛洪节点的比特位置信息,该AS域可以是一个BIER域。又如,多个AS域的网络,不同的AS域内可能部署内部协议并泛洪节点的比特位置信息,但是AS域之间部署的内部协议不泛洪节点的比特位置信息,那么多个AS域可以理解为不同的BIER域。
图3是应用于本申请实施例的一种跨BIER域发送BIER组播数据报文的示意性框图。图2中可以包括多个BIER域,为了便于说明,以第一BIER域和第二BIER域作为示例进行描述。
如图3所示,第一BIER域中包括:BFR10、BFR11、BFR12。第二BIER域中包括:BFR 20、BFR 21、BFR 22。其中,BFR11、BFR21也可以称为服务商边缘(provider edge,PE)路由器。
需要说明的是,本申请实施例中与第二BIER域跨中间网络的头节点可以是第一BIER域中的一个路由器,也可以是一个单台的设备,该设备作为头节点,具备将组播报文封装BIER头、再封装P2P隧道并发送出去的功能。
参见图3,本申请实施例中头节点需要通过点到点(peer to peer,P2P)隧道将BIER报文发送到第二BIER域,然后再在第二BIER域内按照BIER头进行复制和转发。例如可以将P2P隧道建立在头节点和第二BIER域靠近中间网络的BFR节点之间;也可以将P2P隧道建立在头节点和第二BIER域的其它节点之间。第二BIER域中用作P2P隧道端点的这个节点也可以称为锚定点,用于跨BIER域发送P2P单播报文到此点后开始BIER的复制转发。
作为一个示例,在第二BIER域中的BFR 21有来自于用户的发送的用户组播加入请求,且该用户组播加入的组播源为组播源1时的情况下,由于BFR 21和组播源1属于不同的BIER域,因此,需要从头节点通过点到点(peer to peer,P2P)隧道将BIER报文发送到第二BIER域,然后再在第二BIER域内按照BIER头进行复制和转发。例如可以将P2P隧道建立在头节点和第二BIER域靠近中间网络的BFR节点之间,或者也可以将P2P隧道建立头节点和第二BIER域的其它节点之间。第二BIER域中用作P2P隧道端点的这个节点也可以称为锚定点,用于跨BIER域发送P2P单播报文到此点后开始BIER的复制转发。BFR 10作为头节点可以通过P2P隧道将BIER报文发送到第二BIER域,然后再在第二BIER域内按照BIER头进行复制和转发。例如可以将P2P隧道建立在头节点BFR 10和第二BIER域靠近中间网络的BFR节点之间。又如,还可以将P2P隧道建立在头节点BFR 10和第二BIER域的其它节点之间。
应理解,第二BIER域中用作P2P隧道端点的这个节点也可以称为锚定点,用于跨BIER域发送P2P单播报文到该节点后开始BIER报文的复制转发。
为了实现第一BIER域中的BFR10将BIER组播数据报文通过P2P隧道发送到第二BIER域中的BFR20,现有技术中,BFR 21在接收到用户发送的组播加入之后,可以在向BFR11发送的组播加入消息中携带到第二BIER域的P2P隧道的封装信息。例如,第二BIER域中的BFR 20的段标识(segmentidentification,SID)。
具体的,可以为第二BIER域中的BFR 21配置BFR 20的SID,BFR 21可以通过边界网关协议-移动虚拟专用网(border gateway protocol-multicastvirtual private network,BGP-MVPN)信令向BFR 11发送BFR 20的SID。分段路由(segment routing,SR)将报文流经过的BFR 10与BFR 20之间的P2P隧道划分为多个分段,多个分段以SID来标识。SR将P2P隧道上划分的多个段的SID添加在BIER头外的隧道的封装信息中,以便于BFR 10与BFR 20之间的P2P隧道上的多个分段可以根据BIER组播数据报文的外层封装的BFR 20的SID信息,将BIER组播数据报文从第一BIER域中的BFR 10逐跳发送至第二BIER域中的BFR 20。
但是,由于不同的协议对应SID值不同,例如,在MPLS中,SR所对应的SID值为MPLS标签值。又如,在互联网协议第6版(internet protocol version 6,IPv6)中,SR所对应的SID值为IPv6的地址格式。不同的SID类型对应不同的协议报文格式,因此,需要在BFR 21上为BFR20的每种不同的SID类型定义不同的运营商组播业务接口隧道属性(p-multicast service interface tunnel attribute,PTA)。一方面,定义不同的隧道属性PTA对现有协议的修改较大。另一方面,需要对第二BIER域中的BFR 21配置BFR 20的SID,BFR 21还需要将配置的BFR 20的SID发送至BFR 11,信令开销较大。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案,BFR 21不需要向BFR 11发送BFR 20的SID,也就无需根据不同的协议使用不同的PTA隧道类型,在对协议修改较小的同时,还可以减小信令开销。
需要说明的是,本申请实施例可以适用于多种协议。作为一个示例,BIER域可以使用MPLS协议封装的BIER报文,在这种情况下,图2中所描述的P2P隧道可以是SR-MPLS隧道,还可以是用户数据报协议(user datagram protocol,UDP)隧道,P2P隧道信息封装在BIER头之前。作为另一个示例,BIER域还可以使用ETH协议封装的BIER报文,在这种情况下,图2的P2P隧道可以是UDP隧道,UDP隧道信息封装在BIER头之前。作为另一个示例,BIER域还可以使用IPv6协议封装的BIER报文,在这种情况下,图2的P2P隧道可以是SRv6隧道,SRv6隧道信息封装在BIER头之前。SRv6隧道可以携带分段路由头(segment routing heade,SRH),或者也可以不携带SRH头。携带SRH头的情况,SRv6隧道为显式指定隧道路径的IPv6隧道。不携带SRH头的情况,SRv6隧道为不显式指定隧道路径的IPv6隧道。例如IPv6头目的地址为单播+IPv6扩展头携带BIER头+内层IP头及组播数据报文,其中的IPv6头的单播源地址和单播目的地址所代表的就是一个IPv6隧道,而BIER头部的处理则是在到达该IPv6隧道末端以后才开始处理的。
应理解,SRv6隧道可以理解为使用IPv6协议的分段路由,SR-MPLS隧道可以理解为使用MPLS协议的分段路由。
本申请实施例中需要对第一BIER域中的节点和第二BIER域中的节点分别进行配 置,配置的信息可以包括但不限于:BIER域标识、VPN发送配置表、报文发送策略。下面以第一BIER域为例,分别对上述几种配置信息进行详细描述。
(1)配置BIER域的标识
本申请实施例中可以为第一BIER域配置该BIER域的标识,配置的粒度本申请实施例不做具体限定。作为一个示例,可以为第一BIER域配置一个标识,第一BIER域中的所有SD均使用该一个标识。作为另一个示例,还可以为第一BIER域中的每个SD分别配置一个标识。
以第一BIER域的标识为颜色(color)1,第二BIER域的标识为color 2,配置粒度为第一BIER域中的每个SD分别配置一个标识为例,具体的BIER域标识的配置信令如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2020078325-appb-000001
(2)VPN发送配置表
该表用于配置VPN使用第一BIER域中的哪个sub-domain,以及使用哪个报文发送策略。
具体的VPN发送配置表信令如下所示:
mvpn
bier1 sub-domain 0 replication-policy xxx
(3)配置报文发送策略(也可以称为复制策略(replication-policy))
配置的报文发送策略中可以包括但不限于:路径信息、封装信息。其中,路径信息为各个BIER域的标识(例如color)与传输至对应该color的BIER域的报文所要使用的路径之间的对应关系。封装信息包括封装BIER头的信息,例如,封装BIER头所需的bit string、BIFT-ID等。
具体的配置信令如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2020078325-appb-000002
上述信令中的“<color=1>path=NULL”用于表示第一BIER域内的节点之间基于封装的BIER头传输BIER组播数据报文。“use bsl”用于确定<color=2>所代表的BIER域的多个BFR-ID封装进BIER头的bit string时使用的比特串长度。“path=NULL”用于确定头节点与请求组播加入的叶子节点在同一个BIER域内,在这种情况下,头节点确定不需要经过P2P隧道,按照保存在本地的位索引转发表BIFT进行转发,例如,可以使用bit string确定具体的出接口以及下一跳的BFR ID。
上述信令中的“<color=2>path=SID_list<SID1,SID2,R20>”用于表示第一BIER域内的节点传输BIER组播数据报文至第二BIER域内的节点。“use bsl”用于确定<color=2>所代表的BIER域的多个BFR-ID封装进BIER头的bit string时使用的比特串长度。“BIFT-id<SD_BSL>=X”用于确定封装进BIER头的BIFT-id字段,该字段由特定的SD/BSI/SI三元组决定,在BIER-MPLS封装中,BIFT-id值是一个MPLS标签。“path=SID_list<SID1,SID2,R20>”用于确定BIER头之外的P2P隧道的封装信息,如果P2P隧道是SR-MPLS隧道或SRv6隧道,该P2P隧道的封装信息就是一个SID列表(list)。SID1,SID2,R20用于表示第一BIER域与第二BIER域之间的P2P隧道上的多个分段的段标识SID。
应理解,同一个SD、BSL,而不同SI的BIFT-id是连续的,例如,SD=0,1,2,相对应的BIFT-id的取值分别为101,102,103。
还应理解,BIFT-id可以是动态分配的,也可以是静态直接获得并配置的,本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
可选地,在一些实施例中,replication-policy里的P2P隧道的封装格式和sub-domain0使用的封装BIER组播数据报文的协议匹配,使得BIER报文和P2P隧道的叠加封装能被现有技术支持,从而减小对现有协议的改动。例如,BIER报文的封装格式为BIER-MPLS,那么P2P隧道的封装格式可以为SR-MPLS或UDP或通用路由封装(generic routing encapsulation,GRE)协议。又如,BIER报文的封装格式为BIER-IPv6,那么P2P隧道的封装格式可以为SRv6或IPv6。
可选地,在一些实施例中,配置的信息还可以包括跟踪表,该表用于跟踪到BIER域中的每一个叶子节点。并可以根据每个叶子节点携带的用于表示该叶子节点所在的BIER域的color,按照color将叶子节点汇总,确定特定的color有哪些叶子节点。可以避免现有技术中需要在接收到各个叶子节点携带的该叶子节点所在的BIER域的color之后,一一提取出携带相同的color的叶子节点都有哪些,从而可以减小信令开销。
本申请实施例可以按照上述的配置方法,对头节点和第二BIER域中的叶子节点分别进行配置。为了便于说明,本申请实施例以颜色(color)标识来标识第一BIER域的标识、第二BIER域的标识。例如,使用color 1表示第一BIER域中的sub-domain 0的标识,使用color 2表示第二BIER域中的sub-domain 0的标识。
需要说明的是,头节点可以是位于第一BIER域内,也可以是一个独立的节点,本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。为了便于描述,下面以头节点位于第一BIER域内为例进行说明。
第一BIER域中的节点(例如,BFR 11,BFR 12)按照下表进行配置,为:
Figure PCTCN2020078325-appb-000003
需要说明的是,本申请实施例中发送报文时的path可以是SR或SRv6的隧道的path,或者还可以是IP或UDP或GRE隧道的path。
第二BIER域中的节点(例如,PE 21,PE 22)按照下表进行配置:
Figure PCTCN2020078325-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020078325-appb-000005
下面结合具体的例子,对第一BIER域中的节点如何根据上述配置表确定BIER组播数据报文的传输路径的具体实现过程进行详细描述。
在一些实施例中,第二BIER域中的BFR 21接收到用户发送的用户组播加入请求,且该用户组播加入的组播源为第一BIER域中的BFR 11。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种跨BIER域传输BIER报文的方法的示意性流程图。图4所示的方法可以包括步骤410-430,下面分别对步骤410-430的过程进行详细描述。
步骤410:第二BIER域中的BFR 21发送组播加入消息给第一BIER域中的BFR 11,并携带第二BIER域的标识(例如,配置的第二BIER域的标识为color 2)。
具体的,组播加入消息可以是第二BIER域中的BFR 21通过BGP协议向第一BIER域中的BFR 11发送的消息。作为一个示例,该组播加入消息可以是控制面的BGP消息,例如,BGP-MVPN消息,或者BGP-EVPN消息,或者协议无关组播(protocol independent multicast,PIM)通过隧道发送的消息等。
步骤420:第一BIER域中的BFR 11根据第二BIER域的标识以及本地配置的报文发送策略生成相应的BIER组播数据报文转发表项1。
第一BIER域中的BFR 11可以根据第二BIER域的标识为color 2,结合本地配置的报文发送策略“<color=2>path=SID_list<SID1,SID2,R20>”确定BFR 11传输至第二BIER域中的PE 21的BIER组播数据报文需要经过BFR 20。BFR 11下发的BIER组播数据报文转发表项如下所示:
转发表项1:(虚拟路由转发(virtual routing forwarding,VRF),组播源(source,S),组播目标组(group,G),color2,SD/BSL/SI,flag=1,encap_path=XXX,encap_bit string)。
如果转发表项1中的flag=1,说明BFR 11配置的path有效,组播目标的叶子节点不在本BIER域内,需要按照该转发表项1中的路径确定P2P隧道的封装信息,P2P隧道的封装信息在BIER头之前。并按照P2P隧道的封装信息查找路径的出接口,确定下一跳的IP地址,源媒体访问控制地址(media access control address,MAC)地址。
例如,path=SID_List<SID1,SID2,R20>,可以理解为第一BIER域中BFR 11传输至组播目标的BIER报文需要通过BFR 20进行转发,再进入第二BIER域中进行逐跳发送到BFR 21。SID1,SID2可以理解为第一BIER域与第二BIER域之间的隧道经过的段标识分别为SID 1、SID 2的路由器,并由段标识分别为SID 1、SID 2的路由器对BIER报文进行发送从而到达BFR 20。
步骤430:第一BIER域中的BFR 11根据转发表项1封装组播报文、BIER头、P2P隧道信息,并将封装之后的BIER组播数据报文发送出去。
不同的P2P隧道可以对应不同的封装信息,以P2P隧道为SR-MPLS隧道为例, P2P隧道的封装信息可以是一个MPLS标签。以P2P隧道为UDP隧道为例,P2P隧道的封装信息可以是UDP头和IP头。下面分别结合图5和图6进行说明。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种基于SR-MPLS隧道的跨BIER域传输BIER报文的示意性框图。
步骤1:第二BIER域中的BFR 21发送组播加入消息给第一BIER域中的BFR 11。
第二BIER域中的BFR 21向BFR 11发送的组播加入消息中可以携带第二BIER域标识以及BFR 21的BIER信息,BIER信息例如可以是第二BIER域的BFR ID。
步骤2:第一BIER域中的BFR 11根据BFR 21发送的组播加入消息中携带的第二BIER域标识以及报文发送策略确定转发表。
以第二BIER域的标识为color 2为例,BFR 11结合本地配置的报文发送策略“<color=2>path=SID_list<SID1,SID2,R20>”确定BFR 11传输至第二BIER域中的BFR 21的BIER组播数据报文需要经过BFR 20。
BFR 11下发的BIER组播数据报文转发表项如下所示:
转发表项1:(虚拟路由转发(virtual routing forwarding,VRF),组播源(source,S),组播目标(goal,G),color2,SD/BSL/SI,flag=1,encap_path=XXX,encap_bit string)。
如果转发表项1中的flag=1,说明BFR 11配置的path有效,组播目标的叶子节点不在本BIER域内,需要按照该转发表项1中的路径确定P2P隧道的封装信息,P2P隧道的封装信息在BIER头之前。并按照P2P隧道的封装信息查找路径的出接口,确定下一跳的IP地址,源媒体访问控制地址(media access control address,MAC)地址。
步骤3:第一BIER域中的BFR 11接收组播源1发送的IP组播报文。
步骤4:BFR 11封装IP组播报文。
BFR 11根据下发的转发表项1,确定该IP组播报文需要发送至第二BIER域。
BFR 11还可以根据报文转发策略以及BFR 21的ID对IP组播报文进行封装。具体的,BFR 11可以根据本地配置信息中的“<color=2>use bsl 256BIFT-id<SD_BSL>=X”以及BFR 21的ID确定封装的BIER头中的BIFT ID、比特串(bit string)。BFR 11还可以根据路径信息“path=SID_list<SID1,SID2,R20>”确定P2P隧道的封装信息,例如,在P2P隧道中经过的路由器的段标识分别为SID 1、SID 2的路由器,并由段标识分别为SID 1、SID 2的路由器对BIER报文进行发送从而到达段标识为R20的BFR 20。P2P隧道的封装信息封装在BIER头的外层。
步骤5:BFR 11将封装之后的BIER报文发送至BFR 21。
BFR 10可以根据封装的MPLS标签栈查找路径的出接口,确定下一跳的IP地址,源媒体访问控制地址(media access control address,MAC)地址。
具体的,MPLS标签栈中的下一跳的路由器的段标识为SID 1,BFR 10根据本地存储的到SID 1的路由器的转发表,确定到达标识为SID 1的路由器的出接口以及下一跳的MAC地址,并将BIER报文传输至到达标识为SID 1的路由器的下一跳。例如,BFR 10可以根据到达标识为SID1的路由器的下一跳的IP地址,广播地址解析协议(address resolution protocol,ARP)请求报文。该ARP请求报文携带下一跳的IP地址,用于获取下一跳的MAC地址。
同样的,在经过段标识分别为SID 1、SID 2、R20的路由器之后,将BIER组播 数据报文发送至BFR 20。BFR 20可以在第二BIER域中根据BIER报文头将BIER报文发送至BFR 21。
具体的有关在BIER域内根据BIER报文头发送BIER报文的过程请参考图2中的描述,此处不再赘述。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种基于UDP隧道的跨BIER域传输BIER报文的示意性框图。
步骤1:第二BIER域中的BFR 21发送组播加入消息给第一BIER域中的BFR 11。
与图5中的步骤1对应,具体的请参见图5中的描述,此处不再赘述。
步骤2:第一BIER域中的BFR 11根据BFR 21发送的组播加入消息中携带的第二BIER域标识以及报文发送策略确定转发表。
与图5中的步骤2对应,具体的请参见图5中的描述,此处不再赘述。
步骤3:第一BIER域中的BFR 11接收组播源1发送的IP组播报文。
与图5中的步骤3对应,具体的请参见图5中的描述,此处不再赘述。
步骤4:BFR 11封装IP组播报文。
第一BIER域内BFR 11根据报文发送策略中的路径信息和封装信息,确定封装的BIER头、P2P隧道的封装信息(P2P隧道为UDP隧道,P2P隧道的封装信息为UDP头、IP头)。
具体的,BFR 11可以根据本地配置信息中的“<color=2>use bsl 256 BIFT-id<SD_BSL>=X”以及BFR 21的ID确定封装的BIER头中的BIFT ID、比特串(bit string)。
BFR 11还可以在封装好的BIER头外面再封装一层IP+UDP头作为隧道。其中,该UDP报文中相应的端口号字段或者协议号字段指示其里面封装的是BIER头。在封装完UDP头后再在外面封装IP头,IP头的目的地址为BFR 11下发的转发表中path所指定的P2P隧道的端点地址,以便于将BIER组播数据报文传输至P2P隧道中的下一跳。下一跳节点在接收到BIER组播数据报文之后,根据外层的IP头查找IP路由表进行转发,不改变BIER头的内容。
步骤5:BFR 11将封装之后的BIER报文发送至BFR 21。
BFR 10可以根据封装的UDP头确定是BIER组播数据报文,并可以根据IP头的目的地址将BIER组播数据报文发送至下一跳节点。同样的,在经过段标识分别为SID 1、SID 2、R20的路由器IP转发之后,将BIER组播数据报文发送至BFR 20。BFR 20可以在第二BIER域中根据BIER报文头将BIER报文发送至BFR 21。
具体的有关在BIER域内根据BIER报文头发送BIER报文的过程请参考图2中的描述,此处不再赘述。
在一些实施例中,第一BIER域中的BFR 12接收到用户发送的用户组播加入请求,且该用户组播加入的组播源为第一BIER域中的BFR 11。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种BIER域内传输BIER报文的方法的示意性流程图。图7所示的方法可以包括步骤710-730,下面分别对步骤710-730的过程进行详细描述。
步骤710:第一BIER域中的BFR 12发送组播加入消息给第一BIER域中的BFR 11,并携带第一BIER域的标识(例如,配置的第一BIER域的标识为color 1)。
与步骤410对应,具体的请参考步骤410中的描述,此处不再赘述。
步骤720:第一BIER域中的BFR 11根据第一BIER域的标识以及本地配置的报文发送策略生成相应的BIER组播数据报文转发表项2。
第一BIER域中的BFR 11可以根据BFR 11携带的标识为color 1,结合本地配置的报文发送策略“<color=1>path=NULL>”确定BFR 11传输至第一BIER域中的BFR 12的BIER组播数据报文不需要经过P2P隧道,例如不需要经过到BFR 20的P2P隧道。BFR 11下发的BIER组播数据报文转发表项如下所示:
转发表项2:(VRF,S,G,color1,SD/BSL/SI,flag=0,encap_path=XXX,encap_bit string)。
如果转发表项2中的flag=0,说明BFR 11配置的path无效,组播目标在本BIER域内,可以根据BIER头中的bit string以及存储预先保存在本地的位索引转发表中的映射关系确定所需的出接口和下一跳节点。
步骤730:第一BIER域中的BFR 11根据转发表项2封装组播报文、BIER头,并将封装之后的BIER组播数据报文发送出去。
具体的在第一BIER域内发送BIER组播数据报文的方法,请参考图2中的描述,此处不再赘述。
上文结合图1至图7,详细描述了本申请实施例提供的BIER报文的发送方法,下面将结合图8至图9,详细描述本申请的BIER报文的发送装置的实施例。应理解,方法实施例的描述与装置实施例的描述相互对应,因此,未详细描述的部分可以参见前面方法实施例。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种BIER报文的发送装置800的示意性框图。该BIER报文的发送装置800可以包括:
接收模块810,用于接收第二BIER域中的第二节点发送的报文,所述报文携带所述第二BIER域标识,所述第一节点不在所述第二BIER域中;
确定模块820,用于根据所述第二BIER域标识和预配置的BIER报文发送策略,确定所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIER报文发送策略;
发送模块830,用于根据所述BIER报文发送策略封装并发送BIER报文。
可选地,在一些实施例中,所述BIER报文发送策略包括路径信息,所述发送模块830具体用于:将所述第二BIER域标识相对应的路径信息封装进所述BIER报文;根据所述BIER报文封装的路径信息,将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域。
可选地,在一些实施例中,所述BIER报文发送策略包括位索引转发表标识BIFT-ID,所述发送模块830具体用于:根据所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIFT-ID封装所述BIER报文的BIER头;根据所述BIER头将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域中的所述第二节点。
可选地,在一些实施例中,所述路径信息包括分段路由SR的段标识SID,或者用户数据报协议UDP隧道的端点标识,或者互联网协议IP的SID,或者通用路由封装GRE隧道的端点标识IP。
可选地,在一些实施例中,所述第二BIER域标识为所述第二节点所在第二BIER域中的子域SD标识。
可选地,在一些实施例中,所述第一节点为头节点,所述第二节点为叶子节点。
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种BIER报文的发送装置900的示意性框图。该BIER报文的发送装置900可以包括:存储器910、处理1002、输入/输出接口930。
其中,存储器910、处理器920和输入/输出接口930通过内部连接通路相连,该存储器910用于存储程序指令,该处理器920用于执行该存储器910存储的程序指令,以控制输入/输出接口930接收输入的数据和信息,输出操作结果等数据。
应理解,在本申请实施例中,该处理器920可以采用中央处理单元(central processing unit,CPU),该处理器还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor,DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit,ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate Array,FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。或者该处理器920采用一个或多个集成电路,用于执行相关程序,以实现本申请实施例所提供的技术方案。
该存储器910可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器,并向处理器920提供指令和数据。处理器920的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如,处理器920还可以存储设备类型的信息。
在实现过程中,上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器920中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成,或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器,闪存、只读存储器,可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器910,处理器920读取存储器910中的信息,结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复,这里不再详细描述。
应理解,根据本申请实施例的BIER报文的发送装置900用于执行本申请实施例图2-图7中的各个方法的相应流程,并且BIER报文的发送装置900中的各个模块的上述和其它操作和/或功能分别为了实现本申请实施例图2-图7中的各个方法的相应流程,为了简洁,在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是,在图9所示的BIER报文的发送装置900中,处理器可以通过调用存储器中的计算机程序,实现各个模块执行的步骤。例如,可以由处理器调用缓存中存储的计算机指令来执行各个模块(例如,图8所示的接收模块810、发送模块820)所需要执行的步骤。
应理解,在本申请的各种实施例中,上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到,结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤,能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,上述描述的系统、 装置和单元的具体工作过程,可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的系统、装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read-only memory,ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory,RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种基于位索引的显示复制BIER报文的发送方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    第一节点接收第二BIER域中的第二节点发送的报文,所述报文携带所述第二BIER域标识,所述第一节点不在所述第二BIER域中;
    所述第一节点根据所述第二BIER域标识和预配置的BIER报文发送策略,确定所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIER报文发送策略;
    所述第一节点根据所述BIER报文发送策略封装并发送BIER报文。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述BIER报文发送策略包括路径信息,
    所述第一节点根据所述BIER报文发送策略封装并发送BIER报文,包括:
    所述第一节点将所述第二BIER域标识相对应的路径信息封装进所述BIER报文;
    所述第一节点根据所述BIER报文封装的路径信息,将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述BIER报文发送策略还包括位索引转发表标识BIFT-ID,
    所述第一节点根据所述BIER报文发送策略封装并发送BIER报文,包括:
    所述第一节点根据所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIFT-ID封装所述BIER报文的BIER头;
    所述第一节点根据所述BIER头将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域中的所述第二节点。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述路径信息包括分段路由SR的段标识SID,或者用户数据报协议UDP隧道的端点标识IP,或者互联网协议IP的SID,或者通用路由封装GRE隧道的端点标识IP。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一节点为头节点,所述第二节点为叶子节点。
  6. 一种基于位索引的显示复制BIER报文的发送装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    接收模块,用于接收第二BIER域中的第二节点发送的报文,所述报文携带所述第二BIER域标识,所述第一节点不在所述第二BIER域中;
    确定模块,用于根据所述第二BIER域标识和预配置的BIER报文发送策略,确定所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIER报文发送策略;
    发送模块,用于根据所述BIER报文发送策略封装并发送BIER报文。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述BIER报文发送策略包括路径信息,所述发送模块具体用于:
    将所述第二BIER域标识相对应的路径信息封装进所述BIER报文;
    根据所述BIER报文封装的路径信息,将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述BIER报文发送策还包括位索引转发表标识BIFT-ID,所述发送模块具体用于:
    根据所述第二BIER域标识相对应的BIFT-ID封装所述BIER报文的BIER头;
    根据所述BIER头将所述BIER报文发送至所述第二BIER域中的所述第二节点。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述路径信息包括分段路由SR的段标识SID,或者用户数据报协议UDP隧道的端点标识,或者互联网协议IP的SID,或者通用路由封装GRE隧道的端点标识IP。
  10. 根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一节点为头节点,所述第二节点为叶子节点。
  11. 一种基于位索引的显示复制BIER报文的发送装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:输入输出接口、处理器和存储器,所述存储器用于存储程序指令,所述处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行所述程序指令以执行权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法。
  12. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,包括计算机程序,当所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时,使得所述计算机执行权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法。
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