WO2020181586A1 - 一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器 - Google Patents

一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器 Download PDF

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WO2020181586A1
WO2020181586A1 PCT/CN2019/079963 CN2019079963W WO2020181586A1 WO 2020181586 A1 WO2020181586 A1 WO 2020181586A1 CN 2019079963 W CN2019079963 W CN 2019079963W WO 2020181586 A1 WO2020181586 A1 WO 2020181586A1
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mode
pump
optical
doped fiber
erbium
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PCT/CN2019/079963
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French (fr)
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武保剑
陈相玮
文峰
邱昆
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电子科技大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude

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  • the present invention belongs to the field of optical communication technology, and more specifically, relates to a low differential mode gain less mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
  • the current commercial few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier products can achieve up to six spatial modes of amplification.
  • One of the main challenges to further increase the number of mode channels is the problem of mode gain equalization, that is, the gain difference between each mode channel ( Also known as differential mode gain) directly affects the probability of system interruption.
  • Low differential mode gain is the most basic requirement for the mode division multiplexing system for the few mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.
  • the existing amplifier is shown in Figure 1.
  • the signal light of different modes is multiplexed into a fiber through the signal mode multiplexer, and the output optical signal and the pump light output by the laser are coupled into the traditional erbium-doped fiber through the wavelength division multiplexer; in the erbium-doped fiber
  • an optical filter is used to filter out the pump light
  • the signal mode demultiplexer is used to decompose the amplified signal light in different modes.
  • optical isolators are added at both ends of the erbium-doped fiber.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a low differential mode gain less-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier, which uses the pumping beat effect to control the gain balance of the amplifier, so as to obtain a higher gain while reducing the differential mode gain .
  • a low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises:
  • the pump laser generates a high-power pump light signal and inputs it to a demultiplexer.
  • the demultiplexer divides the pump light signal into multiple pump light signals; the mode converter then divides each pump light signal Switch to the required pump mode, and then change the initial phase of the multiple pump optical signals transmitted in the same direction through the phase controller.
  • the pump mode multiplexer multiplexes the multiple pump optical signals with different initial phases. Used in an optical fiber and used as the output signal of the coherent pump unit;
  • a signal mode multiplexer which multiplexes the external optical signals of different modes into an optical fiber and inputs it to the wavelength division multiplexer;
  • a wavelength division multiplexer that multiplexes the optical signal output by the coherent pump unit and the optical signal output by the signal mode multiplexer into an optical signal, and inputs the at least mode erbium-doped fiber through the first optical isolator;
  • the first optical isolator is used to reduce the influence of fiber reflection on the pump laser and the optical amplification process in the transmission of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber;
  • a few-mode erbium-doped fiber is used to amplify the input optical signal to increase the gain of the input optical signal, and then input to the optical filter through the second optical isolator;
  • the second optical isolator is used to reduce the influence of the reflection of subsequent optical components on the amplification process of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber;
  • An optical filter which filters the input optical signal, eliminates noise interference in other frequency bands, and outputs optical signals within the effective bandwidth
  • a signal mode demultiplexer demultiplexes the filtered optical signal to obtain optical signals in different modes.
  • the present invention is a low differential mode gain and less mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
  • the optical signals of different modes are multiplexed into one optical signal through a signal mode multiplexer, and then the pump light output by the coherent pump unit passes through the wavelength division multiplexer After passing through the optical isolator, they are coupled to the few-mode erbium-doped fiber.
  • the few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifies the optical signals of different modes to increase the gain of the optical signal.
  • the optical signal in the effective bandwidth is filtered through the optical filter to eliminate Noise in other frequency bands interferes and is demultiplexed by a signal mode demultiplexer to obtain optical signals of different modes.
  • the present invention can also increase the control of the phase, has stronger flexibility, and is not only suitable for non-coherent mode division multiplexing systems, but also suitable for coherent mode division multiplexing of few mode signals. system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a traditional erbium-doped fiber amplifier
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a low differential mode gain less mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the mode beat length of the pump light or signal light and the length of the erbium-doped fiber;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a low differential mode gain less mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier of the present invention.
  • a low differential mode gain few mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier of the present invention includes: a coherent pump unit, a signal mode multiplexer, a wavelength division multiplexer, and a first optical isolation Filter, few-mode erbium-doped fiber, second optical isolator, optical filter and signal mode demultiplexer.
  • the coherent pump unit includes a pump laser, a splitter, a mode converter, a phase controller, and a pump mode division multiplexer;
  • the pump laser generates a high-power pump light signal and inputs it to the demultiplexer.
  • the demultiplexer converts the pump light signal into multiple pump light signals;
  • the mode converter converts each pump light signal to the desired In the pump mode, the phase controller is used to change the initial phase of the multiple pump optical signals transmitted in the same direction.
  • the pump mode multiplexer multiplexes the multiple pump optical signals with different initial phases into one In the optical fiber, and as the output signal of the coherent pump unit;
  • Signal mode multiplexer which multiplexes external optical signals of different modes into an optical fiber and inputs to the wavelength division multiplexer
  • a wavelength division multiplexer which multiplexes the optical signal output by the coherent pump unit and the optical signal output by the signal mode multiplexer into an optical signal, and inputs the at least mode erbium-doped fiber through the first optical isolator;
  • the first optical isolator is used to reduce the influence of fiber reflection on the pump laser and the optical amplification process in the transmission of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber;
  • the few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifies the input optical signal to increase the gain of the input optical signal, and then inputs it to the optical filter through the second optical isolator;
  • the beating length of the two modes of light at the corresponding wavelength when the pump light signal or external optical signal is transmitted depends on the structure and dispersion characteristics of the erbium-doped fiber, and the beating length Satisfy:
  • ⁇ is the propagation constant difference between the two modes of optical signals, which can be obtained from the dispersion characteristics of the erbium-doped fiber, and is related to the specific distribution of the refractive index of the core and cladding.
  • the pump light wavelength is generally 980 nm or 1480 nm
  • the signal light wavelength is in the 1530 to 1565 nm band.
  • the key is The length of the erbium-doped fiber is optimized and the differential mode gain is controlled within a certain range.
  • the length of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber should be close to the inter-mode beat length L 2 ⁇ of the multimode simultaneous transmission pump light.
  • the initial phase of the multimode pump light transmitted in the same direction is changed by adjusting the phase controller in the coherent pump unit, thereby controlling the magnitude of the differential mode gain.
  • the second optical isolator is used to reduce the influence of the reflection of subsequent optical components on the amplification process of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber;
  • Optical filter filter the input optical signal, eliminate the noise interference of other frequency bands, and output the optical signal within the effective bandwidth
  • the signal mode demultiplexer demultiplexes the filtered optical signal to obtain optical signals in different modes.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，其包括相干泵浦单元、信号模式复用器、波分复用器、第一光隔离器、少模掺铒光纤、第二光隔离器、光滤波器和信号模式解复用器。该相干泵浦单元包括泵浦激光器、分波器、模式转换器、相位控制器和泵浦模分复用器。泵浦激光器产生高功率的泵浦光信号，并输入至分分波器，分波器将泵浦光信号为多路泵浦光信号；模式转换器再将每路泵浦光信号转换到所需的泵浦模式上，再通过相位控制器改变同向传输的多路泵浦光信号的初位相，最后由泵浦模式复用器将不同初位相的多路泵浦光信号复用到一根光纤中，并作为相干泵浦单元的输出信号。该低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器利用泵浦差拍效应控制放大器的增益均衡，从而在获得较高增益的同时降低差模增益。

Description

一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器 技术领域
本发明属于光通信技术领域，更为具体地讲，涉及一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器。
背景技术
为了突破传统单模光纤系统的传输容量限制，以多芯光纤、少模光纤、少模多芯光纤和轨道角动量等为代表的空分复用或模分复用技术成为光纤通信领域研究热点，它们从空间维度上提升了光纤传输容量。在模分复用系统中，少模掺铒光纤放大器能同时放大多个模式，有效降低了每比特的传输成本。
目前商用的少模掺铒光纤放大器产品最多可实现六个空间模式的放大，进一步增加模式通道数的主要挑战之一在于模式的增益均衡问题，也就是说，各个模式信道之间的增益差(又称差模增益)直接影响系统中断概率，具有低的差模增益是模分复用系统对少模掺铒光纤放大器最基本的要求。
现有放大器如图1所示。不同模式的信号光经过信号模式复用器复用到一根光纤中，其输出光信号与激光器输出的泵浦光通过波分复用器一起耦合进传统的掺铒光纤；在掺铒光纤的输出端，使用光滤波器滤除泵浦光，然后再经过信号模式解复用器分解出放大的不同模式信号光。此外，为了增强少模掺铒光纤放大器的性能，在掺铒光纤的两端增加了光隔离器。
现有普遍采用的减小差模增益的方法主要有两种：一是控制泵浦模式的光强度分布，只利用了光强信息，控制不够精确。二是设计掺铒光纤结构，以优化光纤中铒离子掺杂分布，但仍根据光强信息优化，且依赖于复杂掺铒光纤结构的设计，制造工艺复杂。两种方法均衡差模增益能力有限，灵活性不足，模式之间不可控，难以兼顾所有模式。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，利用泵浦差拍效应控制放大器的增益均衡，从而在获得较高增益的 同时降低差模增益。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，其特征在于，包括：
一相干泵浦单元，包括泵浦激光器、分波器、模式转换器、相位控制器和泵浦模分复用器；
所述的泵浦激光器产生高功率的泵浦光信号，并输入至分波器，分波器将泵浦光信号分为多路泵浦光信号；模式转换器再将每路泵浦光信号转换到所需的泵浦模式上，再通过相位控制器改变同向传输的多路泵浦光信号的初位相，最后由泵浦模式复用器将不同初位相的多路泵浦光信号复用到一根光纤中，并作为相干泵浦单元的输出信号；
一信号模式复用器，将外接的不同模式光信号复用到一根光纤中，并输入至波分复用器；
一波分复用器，将相干泵浦单元输出的光信号和信号模式复用器输出的光信号复用成一路光信号，并通过第一光隔离器输入至少模掺铒光纤；
第一光隔离器，用于降低少模掺铒光纤传输中光纤反射对泵浦激光器以及光放大过程的影响；
一少模掺铒光纤，对输入光信号进行放大，提高输入光信号的增益，然后通过第二光隔离器输入至光滤波器；
第二光隔离器，用于降低后续光器件的反射对少模掺铒光纤放大过程的影响；
一光滤波器，对输入的光信号进行滤波，消除其它频带的噪声干扰，输出有效带宽内的光信号；
一信号模式解复用器，对滤波后的光信号进行解复用，得到不同模式下的光信号。
本发明的发明目的是这样实现的：
本发明一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，不同模式的光信号经过信号模式复用器复用成一路光信号，再与相干泵浦单元输出的泵浦光通过波分复用器一起通过光隔离器后耦合到少模掺铒光纤，少模掺铒光纤对不同模式的光信号进行放大，提高光信号的增益，最后再通过光滤波器滤出有效带宽内的光信 号，消除其它频带的噪声干扰，并通过信号模式解复用器解复用，得到不同模式光信号。这样，本发明除了控制泵浦功率外，还能增加了相位的控制，具有更强的灵活性，而且不仅适于非相干模分复用系统，也适用于少模信号的相干模分复用系统。
说明书附图
图1是传统掺铒光纤放大器的原理图；
图2是本发明一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器的原理图；
图3是泵浦光或信号光的模式差拍长度与掺铒光纤长度的关系示意图；
图4是泵浦光模式间相位差随机和固定两种情形下，信号光增益随掺铒光纤长度的变化曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述，以便本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明。需要特别提醒注意的是，在以下的描述中，当已知功能和设计的详细描述也许会淡化本发明的主要内容时，这些描述在这里将被忽略。
实施例
图2是本发明一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器原理图。
在本实施例中，如图2所示，本发明一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，包括：相干泵浦单元、信号模式复用器、波分复用器、第一光隔离器、少模掺铒光纤、第二光隔离器、光滤波器滤和信号模式解复用器。
其中，如图2所示，相干泵浦单元又包括泵浦激光器、分波器、模式转换器、相位控制器和泵浦模分复用器；
泵浦激光器产生高功率的泵浦光信号，并输入至分波器，分波器将泵浦光信号为多路泵浦光信号；模式转换器再将每路泵浦光信号转换到所需的泵浦模式上，再通过相位控制器改变同向传输的多路泵浦光信号的初位相，最后由泵浦模式复用器将不同初位相的多路泵浦光信号复用到一根光纤中，并作为相干泵浦单元的输出信号；
信号模式复用器，将外接的不同模式光信号复用到一根光纤中，并输入至 波分复用器；
波分复用器，将相干泵浦单元输出的光信号和信号模式复用器输出的光信号复用成一路光信号，并通过第一光隔离器输入至少模掺铒光纤；
第一光隔离器，用于降低少模掺铒光纤传输中光纤反射对泵浦激光器以及光放大过程的影响；
少模掺铒光纤，对输入光信号进行放大，提高输入光信号的增益，然后通过第二光隔离器输入至光滤波器；
在本实施例中，在少模掺铒光纤中，泵浦光信号或外接光信号传输时其相应波长处两个模式光的差拍长度取决于掺铒光纤结构和色散特性，且差拍长度满足：
L 2π＝2π/Δβ
其中，Δβ为两个模式光信号之间的传播常数差，可由掺铒光纤的色散特性得到，与纤芯和包层折射率的具体分布有关。
在本实施例中，泵浦光波长一般选择980nm或1480nm，而信号光波长在1530～1565nm波段。多模泵浦光在少模掺铒光纤中同向传输时，模式间的差拍长度应足够大，以有效控制多模泵浦光之间的能量转换，而且需放大的少模信号间的差拍长度应足够小，以防止信号模式之间的串扰，如图3所示。
在传统泵浦情形下(泵浦光模式间相位差随机)，为了保持每个信号模式可以获得较大的增益，除采用适当的泵浦模式和光功率大小与铒离子浓度分布匹配外，关键是优化掺铒光纤的长度，并控制差模增益在一定范围，在本实施例中，少模掺铒光纤的长度应接近多模同传泵浦光的模间差拍长度L 2π。
本实施例中，如图4所示，通过调节相干泵浦单元中的相位控制器，来改变同向传输多模泵浦光的初位相，从而控制差模增益大小。
第二光隔离器，用于降低后续光器件的反射对少模掺铒光纤放大过程的影响；
光滤波器，对输入的光信号进行滤波，消除其它频带的噪声干扰，输出有效带宽内的光信号；
信号模式解复用器，对滤波后的光信号进行解复用，得到不同模式下的光信号。
另外，本发明还可以将相干泵浦单元放置在少模掺铒光纤之后，实现对少模掺铒光纤后向抽运，或者在少模掺铒光纤前后各放置一个，实现对少模掺铒光纤双向抽运，从而衍生出不同结构方式的低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器。
实例
为便于描述，假设信号光和泵浦光的模式均为LP 01和LP 11a两种线偏振模式。
首先，采用LP 01和LP 11a两种模式的泵浦光对少模掺铒光纤进行同向抽运。在相干泵浦单元中，泵浦激光器输出LP 01模式的高功率980nm泵浦光，然后通过1×2分波器分为两束，其中，一束由模式转换器转换为LP 11a模，最后由泵浦模式复用器将LP 01和LP 11a两种模式的泵浦光复用到一根光纤中。
其次，少模掺铒光纤的色散特性与光纤的结构密切相关，这里考虑阶跃型弱导掺铒光纤，铒离子总浓度为2×10 24m -3且均匀掺杂在纤芯中。掺铒光纤的传播常数可由阶跃光纤的特征方程具体计算，据此可优化纤芯和包层的折射率以及结构尺寸。根据图3的要求，980nm泵浦光波长处的差拍长度应大于1550nm信号光波长处的差拍长度，我们可以取980nm泵浦光波长处的差拍长度为9米。
在给定的铒离子浓度分布下，先取LP 01和LP 11a模式的泵浦光功率均为62.5mW。当不控制泵浦模式位相，即上述两个泵浦模式的初位相差随机时(对应于传统泵浦情形)，信号光增益随掺铒光纤长度的变化曲线如图4所示，其中信号光的初始功率为0.1mW。由图4可知，增益越大，差模增益也越大，要保持较高的信号光增益(大于20dB)，掺铒光纤的长度可取5米，小于980nm泵浦光波长处的差拍长度9米，此时的差模增益为1.85dB。
最后，调节相干泵浦单元中的相位控制器，使同向传输的泵浦光的初位相差固定在π/8弧度，此时的信号光增益随掺铒光纤长度的变化曲线如图4所示。当掺铒光纤的长度取5米时LP 01和LP 11a模式的增益均超过21dB，并可获得接近于零的差模增益。
然后按照上述部件搭建图2所示的低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，不仅适于非相干模分复用系统，也适用于少模信号的相干模分复用系统。
尽管上面对本发明说明性的具体实施方式进行了描述，以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明，但应该清楚，本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围，对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲，只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定 的本发明的精神和范围内，这些变化是显而易见的，一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，其特征在于，包括：
    一相干泵浦单元，包括泵浦激光器、分波器、模式转换器、相位控制器和泵浦模分复用器；
    所述的泵浦激光器产生高功率的泵浦光信号，并输入至分分波器，分波器将泵浦光信号为多路泵浦光信号；模式转换器再将每路泵浦光信号转换到所需的泵浦模式上，再通过相位控制器改变同向传输的多路泵浦光信号的初位相，最后由泵浦模式复用器将不同初位相的多路泵浦光信号复用到一根光纤中，并作为相干泵浦单元的输出信号；
    一信号模式复用器，将外接的不同模式光信号复用到一根光纤中，并输入至波分复用器；
    一波分复用器，将相干泵浦单元输出的光信号和信号模式复用器输出的光信号复用成一路光信号，并通过隔离器输入至少模掺铒光纤；
    第一光隔离器，用于降低少模掺铒光纤传输中光纤反射对泵浦激光器以及光放大过程的影响；
    一少模掺铒光纤，对输入光信号进行放大，提高输入光信号的增益，然后通过第二光隔离器输入至光滤波器；
    第二光隔离器，用于降低后续光器件的反射对少模掺铒光纤放大过程的影响；
    一光滤波器滤，对输入的光信号进行滤波，消除其它频带的噪声干扰，输出有效带宽内的光信号；
    一信号模式解复用器，对滤波后的光信号进解复用，得到不同模式下的光信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，其特征在于，所述的相干泵浦单元还能够放置在少模掺铒光纤之后，实现对少模掺铒光纤后向抽运，或者在少模掺铒光纤前后各放置一个，实现对少模掺铒光纤双向抽运，从而衍生出不同结构方式的低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，其特征在于，所述的少模掺铒光纤中，泵浦光信号和外接光信号传输时其相应波长处的 差拍长度满足：
    L 2π＝2π/Δβ
    其中，Δβ为两个模式光信号之间的传播常数差。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低差模增益少模掺铒光纤放大器，其特征在于，所述的少模掺铒光纤的长度应接近多模同传泵浦光的模间差拍长度L 2π。
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