WO2020172813A1 - Procédé et appareil d'optimisation de débit-distorsion, et support d'informations lisible par ordinateur - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil d'optimisation de débit-distorsion, et support d'informations lisible par ordinateur Download PDF

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WO2020172813A1
WO2020172813A1 PCT/CN2019/076305 CN2019076305W WO2020172813A1 WO 2020172813 A1 WO2020172813 A1 WO 2020172813A1 CN 2019076305 W CN2019076305 W CN 2019076305W WO 2020172813 A1 WO2020172813 A1 WO 2020172813A1
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image
bit rate
frame
encoded
coding
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PCT/CN2019/076305
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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周益民
冷龙韬
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Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/076305 priority Critical patent/WO2020172813A1/fr
Priority to CN201980073133.2A priority patent/CN112970254B/zh
Publication of WO2020172813A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020172813A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H04N19/147—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria

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  • the embodiments of the present application relate to video coding technology, and in particular to a method and device for optimizing rate-distortion, and a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the rate-distortion optimization technique is a technique widely used in video coding.
  • the rate-distortion optimization technique selects a set of parameters in the encoding parameter set so that the encoding result can obtain the smallest image distortion at a limited bit rate.
  • the current rate-distortion optimization of video coding is performed under the assumption that the coding units are independent, and the Lagrangian multiplier method is used to obtain unlimited coding cost.
  • the cost function: min ⁇ J D+ ⁇ R ⁇ to get the coding cost, so as to select the best coding mode among multiple coding modes, and use the best coding mode for video coding; where J represents the coding cost, and ⁇ is the introduced Lager Lange multiplier, D represents the distortion of the reconstructed image, and R represents the coding bit rate.
  • the value of ⁇ is calculated by setting the first-order differential of the cost function to be constant at zero.
  • the distortion of the image is related to the quantization step size, and the Lagrangian is finally obtained.
  • the daily multiplier ⁇ is a quantity that is only positively correlated with the square of the quantization step.
  • an image is divided into several equal-sized coding blocks, namely coding units.
  • the square of the quantization step size is constant, all coding units in an image will share a pre-calculated ⁇ value. This is somewhat different from the actual different coding units corresponding to different Lagrangian multipliers. That is to say, the estimation of the coding cost of different coding units of a frame of image is inaccurate when using the existing ⁇ . The problem leads to inaccurate rate distortion estimation, which affects the coding efficiency of the image.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a rate-distortion optimization method and device, and a computer-readable storage medium, which can improve coding efficiency.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a rate-distortion optimization method, including:
  • the initial Lagrangian multiplier, the encoding unit-level encoding bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame, and the encoding unit of the image to be encoded in the previous frame are acquired Estimated Lagrange multiplier of the order;
  • the coding unit-level coding bit rate of the image to be coded in the previous frame and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier and pre-coding unit level of the image to be coded in the previous frame
  • the coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the current frame is used to perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame to complete the encoding of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the initial Lagrangian multiplier the encoding unit-level encoding bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame, and the previous image are acquired.
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the frame to be encoded includes:
  • the i-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the current frame is acquired.
  • the coding bit rate of i coding units and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the previous frame where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and N is a frame to be coded.
  • the coding unit-level coding bit rate of the image to be coded in the previous frame, and the coding unit-level estimation of the image to be coded in the previous frame are adjusted according to the initial Lagrangian multiplier,
  • the Grange multiplier, the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame includes:
  • the coding bit rate of the i-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the previous frame, and the estimated Lagrangian of the i-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the previous frame A multiplier and the preset encoding bit rate and an estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain an estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the current frame;
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the current frame is used to perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame to complete the image to be encoded in the current frame
  • the encoding includes:
  • the rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded further completes the encoding of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the coding unit-level coding bit rate of the image to be coded in the previous frame, and the coding unit-level estimation of the image to be coded in the previous frame are adjusted according to the initial Lagrangian multiplier, Before the Grange multiplier and the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model are used to obtain the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame, the method further includes:
  • the preset frame-level coding bit rate model is used to obtain the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • the preset frame-level coding bit rate model, the preset temporal proximity approximate coding bit rate model, and the pre-coding bit rate model are based on the initial coding bit rate and the Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • Supposing the temporal proximity approximate frame-level coding bit rate model, obtaining the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model includes:
  • the theoretical coding bit rate and estimated Lagrangian multiplier model of the coding unit and the actual coding bit rate and estimated Lagrangian multiplier model of the coding unit are derived ;
  • the preset temporal proximity approximate coding bit rate model the preset temporal proximity approximate frame-level coding bit rate model, and the actual frame of one frame Level coding bit rate model to obtain the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • the method further includes:
  • the initial Lagrangian multiplier is used to perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame, thereby completing the encoding of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the current frame is used to perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame to complete the image to be encoded in the current frame
  • the method further includes:
  • the encoding of the image to be encoded until the last frame of the video sequence to be encoded is processed.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a rate-distortion optimization device, including:
  • a processor a memory storing a rate-distortion optimization instruction executable by the processor, and a communication bus for connecting the processor and the memory, and when the rate-distortion optimization instruction is executed, the above-mentioned rate distortion is realized Optimization.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a rate-distortion optimization instruction is stored, where the rate-distortion optimization instruction is executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned rate-distortion optimization method.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device performs rate-distortion optimization processing on the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the encoding unit level of the image to be encoded in the previous frame that has been encoded can be used.
  • the coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier are combined with the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame, and then Realize the rate-distortion optimization processing and encoding, because the rate-distortion optimization device can intervene in the estimated Lagrangian of all coding units of the image to be encoded in the current frame based on the bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier
  • the multiplier of the day interferes with the balance of the bit distribution of the coding unit within the frame, thereby improving the coding efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a first flowchart of a rate-distortion optimization method provided by an embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 2 is a second flowchart of a rate-distortion optimization method provided by an embodiment of the application
  • Figure 3 is an exemplary current frame to-be-encoded image provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of encoding after turning off the exemplary rate-distortion optimization method provided by the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of encoding after the exemplary rate-distortion optimization method provided by the present application is turned on;
  • Fig. 6 is an analysis diagram of coding unit division after closing the exemplary rate-distortion optimization method provided by the present application
  • FIG. 7 is an analysis diagram of coding unit division after the exemplary rate-distortion optimization method provided by the present application is turned on;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the division and analysis of two coding units after the rate-distortion optimization method provided by the present application is turned off;
  • FIG. 9 is an analysis diagram of the division of two coding units after the rate-distortion optimization method provided by the present application is turned on;
  • FIG. 10 is a first structural diagram of a rate-distortion optimization device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a second structural diagram of a rate-distortion optimization apparatus provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the rate-distortion optimization method is applied in the video encoding process.
  • Video coding methods including prediction, transformation, quantization and entropy coding.
  • the prediction method includes intra-frame prediction and inter-frame prediction, and the coding mode, motion vector, and reconstruction data in the prediction information of the current coding unit are used to assist in predicting the subsequent coding unit.
  • the embodiments of this application due to the extensive use of temporal prediction technology, there is a strong correlation between coding units, that is, the coding performance of the current coding unit will affect the encoding of subsequent coding units. Therefore, the embodiments of this application are based on time. The idea of domain proximity is used to obtain the optimal Lagrangian multiplier to realize the rate-distortion optimization method.
  • rate-distortion optimization device provided in the embodiment of the present application may be an encoder, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a rate-distortion optimization method. As shown in FIG. 1, the method may include:
  • the image to be encoded in the current frame is not the first frame to be encoded, acquire the initial Lagrangian multiplier, the encoding unit-level encoding bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame, and the encoding unit of the image to be encoded in the previous frame Estimated Lagrange multiplier of the order;
  • the rate-distortion optimization apparatus may perform rate-distortion optimization processing for the frame-level coding unit, and then select the image of each frame in the video sequence to be encoded.
  • the optimal coding mode of each coding unit adopts the optimal coding mode to encode each coding unit of each frame of the image to be coded, thereby completing the coding of the video sequence to be coded.
  • the most important process of the rate-distortion optimization device for the rate-distortion optimization of each coding unit is the process of obtaining the Lagrangian multiplier corresponding to each coding unit.
  • the rate-distortion optimization apparatus obtains the current frame to be encoded image in the to-be-encoded video sequence, where the current frame to be encoded image may be the first frame to be encoded image or the non-first frame to be encoded image.
  • coding units which are the basic units of coding.
  • the coding unit represents the local information of the image. If the spatial correlation between the coding units is not considered, the sum of the cost of all the coding units in an image can be regarded as the cost of the entire image. Therefore, the rate-distortion optimization problem in the embodiment of the present application can be solved at the coding unit level.
  • the rate-distortion optimization apparatus uses the system Lagrangian multiplier (ie, the initial Lagrangian multiplier) as the first frame to be encoded for the first frame of the image to be encoded in the video sequence to be encoded.
  • Lagrangian multiplier ie, the initial Lagrangian multiplier
  • Each coding unit in the coded image corresponds to the Lagrangian multiplier
  • the rate-distortion optimization device regards the current frame to be coded as a non-first frame to be coded, and uses the coded bits of the image to be coded adjacent to the time domain Rate and estimate the Lagrangian multiplier (the Lagrangian multiplier actually used in the previous frame) to calculate the Lagrangian multiplier corresponding to each coding unit in the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device obtains the initial Lagrangian multiplier, the encoding unit-level encoding bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame, and The estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the previous frame, so that the initial Lagrangian multiplier, the coding unit-level coding bit rate of the image to be coded in the previous frame and the previous frame to be coded are subsequently used.
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image acquires the Lagrangian multiplier of the coding unit of the image to be coded in the current frame.
  • the initial Lagrangian multiplier in the embodiment of the present application can be obtained according to a preset Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • the preset Lagrangian multiplier model is formula (1), as follows:
  • c is a constant, taking an empirical value
  • ⁇ is the initial Lagrangian multiplier, that is, the system Lagrangian multiplier
  • q step represents the quantization step length
  • the acquisition process of the preset Lagrangian multiplier model may be as follows:
  • the embodiment of the application adopts the Lagrangian method.
  • the value of ⁇ is calculated by setting the first-order differential of the cost function to be constant, as shown in formula (2):
  • D represents the distortion of the reconstructed image
  • J represents the cost of encoding
  • R represents the encoding bit rate, which can also be understood as the number of bits for encoding a unit.
  • q step represents the quantization step length, which is uniquely determined by the quantization parameter.
  • ⁇ is used to indicate the intensity of image changes.
  • formula (1) of the preset Lagrangian multiplier model can be derived.
  • c can be obtained through experience or experiment.
  • c is 0.85, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • ⁇ is a quantity that is only positively correlated with the square of the quantization step size. Since the quantization step q step is uniquely determined by the quantization parameter QP, when the quantization parameter QP is given, the value of ⁇ will be directly calculated.
  • the initial Lagrangian multiplier ⁇ sys is calculated according to formula (1) when the quantization parameter QP of the coding system is determined.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device when the rate-distortion optimization device is processing the image to be encoded in the current frame, the encoding of the image to be encoded in the previous frame has been completed, and the rate-distortion processing and encoding process are performed in each frame of the image to be encoded.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device can record the encoding bit rate of each coding unit of each frame of the image to be encoded and estimate the Lagrangian multiplier. Therefore, the rate-distortion optimization device can process the image to be encoded in the current frame. , You can directly obtain the coding unit-level coding bit rate of the image to be coded in the previous frame and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the previous frame.
  • the image to be encoded in the current frame is represented as the image to be encoded at time t, then the encoding unit-level encoding bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame is Indicates that the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the previous frame adopts It means that the embodiments of this application are not limited.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device obtains the initial Lagrangian multiplier, the coding unit-level coding bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame, and the estimated Lagrangian coefficient at the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the previous frame.
  • the parameters obtained above can be combined with the preset encoding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the preset encoding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model are R- ⁇ models, and the preset encoding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model are the sum of the encoded bits of the frame-level coding unit. Approximate the optimal estimation of the correspondence between Lagrangian multipliers.
  • the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model can be expressed as formula (5), as follows:
  • ⁇ sys represents the initial Lagrangian multiplier
  • ⁇ represents the model parameter, which is determined by data fitting.
  • the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model represent the R- ⁇ model between the coding units to be coded adjacent in the time domain.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device can determine the Lagrangian multiplier of the corresponding coding unit of the current frame through the coded coding unit of the previous frame. Since the Lagrangian multiplier ⁇ is the first derivative of the image distortion and the encoding bit rate, its physical meaning is the slope of the rate-distortion curve (R-D curve) at a given point (R, D).
  • the rate-distortion optimization device calculates Lagrangian multipliers for each coding unit of the current frame of the image to be coded by analyzing the bit distribution characteristics of the image to be coded in the previous frame that has been coded, aiming to control the bit consumption of the coding unit in a targeted manner , Improve the overall coding efficiency of the image to be coded in the current frame.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device can use the coding unit-level estimation of the image to be coded in the current frame.
  • the Grange multiplier performs rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame, selects the best encoding mode of the encoding unit, and then uses the best encoding mode to encode the encoding unit to complete the encoding of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device uses a cost function to perform rate-distortion processing on the image to be encoded in the current frame to obtain the encoding cost, and compare the encoding costs in different encoding modes according to the encoding cost to select the smallest cost The best encoding mode.
  • the cost function can be expressed as formula (6), as follows:
  • J i represents the coding cost of the i-th coding unit in a frame of image to be coded
  • ⁇ i represents the Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit in a frame of image to be coded
  • D i represents a frame of image to be coded
  • R i represents the coding bit rate of the i-th coding unit in a frame of image to be coded.
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame is used to perform rate-distortion processing for each coding unit of the image to be coded in the current frame to obtain the coding cost, thereby completing the current frame
  • the encoding of the image to be encoded is used to perform rate-distortion processing for each coding unit of the image to be coded in the current frame to obtain the coding cost, thereby completing the current frame The encoding of the image to be encoded.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device performs rate-distortion optimization processing on the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the encoding unit-level encoding bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame that has been encoded can be used to estimate the bit rate.
  • the Grange multiplier combines the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame, thereby realizing the rate-distortion optimization processing, Realize encoding, because the rate-distortion optimization device can intervene in the estimated Lagrangian multipliers of all coding units of the image to be encoded in the current frame based on the bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier, thereby intervening in the frame
  • the bit distribution of the inner coding unit tends to be balanced, thereby improving the coding efficiency.
  • the specific implementation process includes: S201-S205. as follows:
  • S201 Acquire an image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the image to be encoded in the current frame is not the first image to be encoded, obtain the i-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the current frame, the initial Lagrangian multiplier, and the i-th encoding unit of the image to be encoded in the previous frame.
  • the coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the previous frame where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and N is the corresponding to a frame of image to be coded The total number of coding units.
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the current frame is obtained.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device after the rate-distortion optimization device obtains the image to be encoded in the current frame of the video sequence to be encoded, it can process each coding unit in the image to be encoded in the current frame. Is the image to be encoded in the non-first frame, the rate-distortion optimization device obtains the encoding bit rate of the i-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the current frame, the initial Lagrangian multiplier, and the encoding bit rate of the i-th encoding unit of the image to be encoded in the previous frame And the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the previous frame, based on the relevant parameters of the corresponding i-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the previous frame, to obtain the i-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the current frame
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of a coding unit is used to realize rate-distortion processing and
  • each frame of image to be encoded can be divided into N coding units. Therefore, there may be N coding units in the image to be encoded in the current frame. Starting from the first coding unit and proceeding to the Nth coding unit in sequence, the processing of the coding cost of the image to be coded in the current frame is completed, the best coding mode is selected, and the coding of the image to be coded in the current frame is performed.
  • i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N
  • N is the total number of coding units corresponding to a frame of image to be encoded.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device for the i-th coding unit of the unit to be coded in the current frame is based on the initial Lagrangian multiplier and the coding bit rate of the i-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the previous frame ,
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier and preset coding bit rate and estimated Lagrangian multiplier model of the i-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the previous frame that is, according to formula (5) to obtain the image of the current frame to be encoded
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit is obtained.
  • the i-th coding unit can be rate-distorted Processing and encoding, so as to obtain the encoding bit rate of the i-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the current frame, so that the rate-distortion optimization device can use the encoding bit rate of the i-th encoding unit of the image to be encoded in the current frame and the current frame to be encoded
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit of the image is obtained, and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i+1-th coding unit of the image to be coded in the current frame is obtained, that is, i is increased by 1, and the current frame is waiting
  • the rate-distortion optimization device adopts such a loop implementation method until the estimated Lagrangian of the Nth coding unit of the image
  • the rate-distortion optimization device uses the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the first coding unit of the image to be coded in the current frame to the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the Nth coding unit of the image to be coded in the current frame to perform the current frame waiting
  • the rate-distortion processing of each coding unit of the coded image completes the coding of the image to be coded in the current frame.
  • each encoding unit thereof is encoded according to the process of S201-S205.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device uses the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the frame-level coding unit to perform rate-distortion processing, and the rate-distortion optimization device can be based on the bit rate of the previous frame to be encoded and the estimated pull
  • the Grange multiplier interferes with the estimated Lagrange multiplier of all coding units of the image to be coded in the current frame, thereby interfering with the bit distribution of the coding unit in the frame to balance, thereby improving the coding efficiency.
  • a rate-distortion optimization method provided in an embodiment of the present application further includes: S105 and S106. as follows:
  • the preset frame-level coding bit rate model, the preset time-domain proximity approximate coding bit rate model, and the preset time-domain proximity approximate frame-level coding bit rate model obtain Preset encoding bit rate and estimated Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • the rate-distortion optimization apparatus obtains the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model by first obtaining the known initial coding bit rate and the Lagrangian multiplier model , Preset frame-level coding bit rate model, preset time-domain proximity approximate coding bit rate model, and preset time-domain proximity approximate frame-level coding bit rate model; then based on the above known model, the preset coding bit rate and estimate Lagrange multiplier model formula (5).
  • the rate-distortion optimization device is based on the initial encoding bit rate and the Lagrangian multiplier model, the preset frame-level encoding bit rate model, the preset temporal proximity approximate encoding bit rate model, and the preset timing.
  • the domain proximity approximates the frame-level coding bit rate model, the process of obtaining the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model includes: S1061-S1064. as follows:
  • S1063 Obtain the actual frame-level encoding bit rate model of one frame according to the actual encoding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model and the preset frame-level encoding bit rate model;
  • the preset temporal proximity approximate coding bit rate model the preset temporal proximity approximate frame-level coding bit rate model and the actual frame-level coding bit rate model of one frame, Obtain the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device can deduce the theoretical encoding bit rate of the coding unit and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model based on the initial encoding bit rate and the Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • the initial encoding bit rate and the Lagrangian multiplier model represent the R- ⁇ model, which is the currently adopted R- ⁇ model, which represents the unity of the initial encoding bit rate and the system Lagrangian multiplier Correspondence, the embodiment of this application does not limit its manifestation.
  • the initial encoding bit rate and the Lagrangian multiplier model can be expressed as formula (7), as follows:
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are model parameters, which need to be determined by data fitting in the actual use process.
  • the optimal Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit is numerically equal to the optimal use of the coding unit i Bit rate generated by encoding
  • the ratio of the bit rate R t,i ( ⁇ sys ) generated by the ⁇ sys encoding of the current frame to the image to be encoded using the system configuration is the theoretical encoding bit rate of the coding unit and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model, as shown in formula (8 ) Shows:
  • the theoretical coding bit rate of the coding unit and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model calculates the ratio of the two cases.
  • the coding unit i at time t if the system Lagrangian multiplier ⁇ sys is used for coding, the resulting bit rate is represented by R t,i ( ⁇ sys ); if the ideal optimal drawing is used Grange Multiplier Encoding, the resulting bit rate is Representation, that is, R t,i ( ⁇ sys ) represents the bit rate of each coding unit of the frame.
  • Optimal Lagrangian multiplier To seek an approaching goal.
  • the embodiment of the present application constructs a hypothetical "frame-level abstract coding unit", which represents the overall coding situation of the entire frame image.
  • the bit rate of the "frame-level abstract coding unit” adopts the actual average bit rate of all coding units of the frame image.
  • the “frame-level abstract coding unit” corresponding to the system Lagrangian multiplier ⁇ sys as an example, the coding bit rate R t,i ( ⁇ sys ) of the “frame-level abstract coding unit” is obtained. It is the average bit rate of the "frame-level abstract coding unit”.
  • the preset frame-level coding bit rate model represents the average bit rate of each coding unit of a frame of image to be coded and the system Lagrangian multiplier (initial Lagrangian multiplier) The corresponding relationship.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device after the rate-distortion optimization device obtains the theoretical encoding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model and the preset frame-level encoding bit rate model, it can calculate the theoretical encoding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian
  • the daily multiplier model and the preset frame-level coding bit rate model are used to obtain the theoretical optimal Lagrangian multiplier model at the coding unit level.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device substitutes formula (9) into formula (8) to obtain the theoretical optimal Lagrangian multiplier model at the coding unit level.
  • the theoretical optimal Lagrangian multiplier model can be expressed as formula (10), as follows:
  • bit rate generated by the adjacent coding unit in the time domain is very similar to the bit rate generated by the current coding unit. Therefore, the bit rate of the adjacent coding unit in the time domain is adopted. Instead of the bit rate generated by encoding the current coding unit, as shown in formula (11):
  • the coding units adjacent in the time domain are used in the encoding process although they are not the optimal Lagrangian multipliers.
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier actually used in the previous frame is used. because Is the optimal Lagrangian multiplier A better estimate, so it is used to approximate the optimal Lagrangian multiplier.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device can obtain the preset time-domain proximity approximate coding bit rate model according to formula (11) and formula (12), as shown in formula (13):
  • the rate-distortion optimization device may also deduce the actual coding bit rate of the coding unit and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model based on the initial coding bit rate and the Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • the actual encoding bit rate of the rate-distortion optimization device and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model and the preset frame-level encoding bit rate model are obtained to obtain the actual frame-level encoding bit rate model of one frame.
  • formula (14) is substituted into formula (10), that is, formula (14) is applied to all coding units at t-1, then the "frame-level abstract coding at t-1" can be calculated
  • the bit rate expression of “unit” is the actual frame-level coding bit rate model of one frame, namely formula (15), as follows:
  • the bit rate of the "frame-level abstract coding unit" at time t It cannot be obtained directly. Also because of the time-domain correlation between the video sequences to be encoded, the bit rates of the “frame-level abstract coding units” of neighboring images in the time domain are very close, so the average bit rate at the previous moment is used to approximate the average bit rate at the current moment.
  • the preset time-domain proximity approximate frame-level coding bit rate model can be obtained, as shown in formula (16):
  • the rate-distortion optimization device obtains the theoretical optimal Lagrangian multiplier model formula (10), the preset time-domain proximity approximate coding bit rate model formula (13), and the preset time-domain proximity approximate frame-level coding bits Rate model formula (16) and the actual frame-level coding bit rate model formula (15) of one frame, in this way, the rate-distortion optimization device can be based on the theoretically optimal Lagrangian multiplier model and preset temporal proximity approximate coding
  • the bit rate model, the preset time-domain proximity approximate frame-level coding bit rate model, and the actual frame-level coding bit rate model of one frame obtain the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model formula (5).
  • the rate-distortion optimization device substitutes formula (15) into formula (16) to obtain Then Substituting formula (13) into formula (10), formula (5) is obtained. In this way, the coding unit-level coding bit rate and estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the coding unit level of the previous frame to be coded are obtained, and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the coding unit level of the current frame to be coded image is obtained. Preset encoding bitrate and estimated Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device uses the coding unit-level coding bit rate and estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the previously encoded image to be coded, combining the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier.
  • the sub-model is used to obtain the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the current frame, and then to achieve rate-distortion optimization processing and encoding, because the rate-distortion optimization device can be based on the bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame And estimated Lagrangian multipliers, intervene in the estimated Lagrangian multipliers of all coding units of the image to be coded in the current frame, and further interfere with the bit distribution of the intra-frame coding units tending to balance, thereby improving coding efficiency.
  • the encoding process is performed using the encoding image of the current frame as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of encoding after the rate-distortion optimization method provided by this application is turned off
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of encoding after the rate-distortion optimization method provided by this application is turned on; the lighter the color in the figure, the higher the bit rate of the encoding unit, and vice versa. The deeper it is, the lower the bit rate for encoding the unit. It can be seen from the comparison between FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 that the encoding rate after the rate-distortion optimization method provided by this application is turned on is higher, for example, area 1.
  • FIG. 6 is an analysis diagram of coding unit division after the rate-distortion optimization method provided by this application is turned off
  • FIG. 7 is an analysis diagram of coding unit division after the rate-distortion optimization method provided by this application is turned on. Comparing Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, it can be found that the bits of some areas are improved and the division becomes finer, such as area 2.
  • Figure 8 is an analysis diagram of the division of two coding units after the rate-distortion optimization method provided by this application is turned off
  • Figure 9 is an analysis diagram of the division of two coding units after the rate-distortion optimization method provided by this application is turned on, and the two coding units correspond to The video image content is lawn with complex texture.
  • the coding block division in Fig. 8 is simple and the level is shallow; the coding block division in Fig. 9 becomes finer, the division level is deepened, and a relatively large number of coding bits are used.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not directly control the encoding bit rate, but indirectly adjusts the bit distribution by updating the Lagrangian multiplier, intervening in encoding mode selection and encoding quadtree division depth.
  • Table 1 shows the coding performance test situation in the low-latency configuration.
  • the video sequence used in the test is the general test video sequence of H.265/HEVC, and the 4 quantization parameter points 22, 27, 32, 37 (ie Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E) are tested according to the general test standard.
  • Performance evaluation uses BD-Rate as the evaluation index. BD-Rate represents the increase in bit rate under the same PSNR. When the BD-Rate is negative, it indicates that the encoder performance has been improved.
  • the test uses the open source commercial encoder x265v2.3 version, and the test results of all video sequences are shown in Table 1:
  • Summary is -, which means that the encoder has achieved performance
  • the improvement can save an average bit rate of 3.08% on Y (brightness), an average bit rate of 3.6% on U (chroma), and an average bit rate of 2.7% on V (concentration).
  • a rate-distortion optimization method provided in an embodiment of the present application further includes: S107 and S108. as follows:
  • S108 Using the initial Lagrangian multiplier, perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame, and then complete the encoding of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device obtains the initial Lagrangian multiplier, and uses the initial Lagrangian multiplier to perform the image processing of the current frame to be encoded Rate distortion processing, and then complete the encoding of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the image to be encoded in the first frame does not have a temporally adjacent coding unit. Therefore, it is necessary to use the initial Lagrangian multiplier to perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the first frame, and then complete the image to be encoded in the first frame. Coded.
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame is used to perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be coded in the current frame to complete the image to be coded in the current frame
  • the rate-distortion optimization method provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes: S109 and S110. as follows:
  • the rate-distortion optimization device after the rate-distortion optimization device has processed the image to be encoded in the current frame, it can process the image to be encoded in the next frame, that is, the process of S101-104, that is, S201-S205, is cyclically executed until processing When the encoding of the last frame of the to-be-encoded video sequence is completed, the process ends.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a rate-distortion optimization device 1, including:
  • the acquiring part 10 is configured to acquire the image to be encoded in the current frame; and if the image to be encoded in the current frame is not the first frame to be encoded, acquiring the initial Lagrangian multiplier and the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the previous frame The coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the previous frame;
  • the calculation part 11 is configured to estimate the Lagrange based on the initial Lagrangian multiplier, the coding unit-level coding bit rate of the image to be coded in the previous frame, and the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the previous frame.
  • a Lange multiplier and a preset encoding bit rate and an estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain an estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the current frame;
  • the processing part 12 is configured to use the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the current frame to perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame, and then to complete the processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame coding.
  • the acquiring part 10 is specifically configured to acquire the i-th coding unit of the current frame to be encoded if the image to be encoded in the current frame is not the first frame to be encoded,
  • the calculation part 11 is specifically configured to be based on the initial Lagrangian multiplier, the encoding bit rate of the i-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the previous frame, and the The estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the previous frame and the preset encoding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain the i-th image of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the coding unit and adding 1 to i to obtain the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i+1-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the current frame until the image to be encoded in the current frame is obtained
  • the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the Nth coding unit is specifically configured to be based on the initial Lagrangian multiplier, the encoding bit rate of the i-th coding unit of the image to be encoded in the previous frame, and the The estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the i-th coding unit
  • the processing part 12 is specifically configured to use the estimated Lagrangian multiplier of the first coding unit of the image to be encoded in the current frame to the first coding unit of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the estimated Lagrangian multipliers of the N coding units perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame, and then complete the encoding of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the acquiring part 10 is further configured to encode the bit rate according to the initial Lagrangian multiplier, the encoding unit level of the image to be encoded in the previous frame, and the The estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the previous frame and the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain the estimated Lagrangian at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame
  • the calculation part 11 is further configured to be based on the initial encoding bit rate and the Lagrangian multiplier model, the preset frame-level encoding bit rate model, the preset temporal proximity approximate encoding bit rate model, and the The preset time-domain proximity approximates the frame-level coding bit rate model, and the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model are obtained.
  • the calculation part 11 is further specifically configured to deduce the theoretical encoding bit rate of the coding unit and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier according to the initial encoding bit rate and the Lagrangian multiplier model.
  • the acquiring part 10 is further configured to acquire the initial Lagrangian multiplier after acquiring the image to be encoded in the current frame, if the image to be encoded in the current frame is the first image to be encoded child;
  • the processing part 12 is further configured to use the initial Lagrangian multiplier to perform rate-distortion processing of the image to be encoded in the current frame, and then to complete the encoding of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the processing part 12 is further configured to use the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be encoded in the current frame to perform the calculation of the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • Rate-distortion processing and after completing the encoding of the image to be encoded in the current frame, enter the rate-distortion optimization process of the image to be encoded in the next frame; the encoding of the image to be encoded in the last frame of the video sequence to be encoded is completed.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a rate-distortion optimization device, including:
  • the aforementioned processor 13 may be an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), a digital signal processing device (Digital Signal Processing Device, DSPD). ), programmable logic device (ProgRAMmable Logic Device, PLD), field programmable gate array (Field ProgRAMmable Gate Array, FPGA), central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor At least one of. It is understandable that, for different devices, the electronic devices used to implement the above-mentioned processor functions may also be other, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • DSPD Digital Signal Processing Device
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • controller microcontroller
  • microprocessor At least one of.
  • the intra-frame prediction apparatus may also include a memory 14, which may be connected to the processor 13, wherein the memory 14 is used to store executable program code, the program code includes computer operation instructions, and the memory 14 may be a volatile memory ( Volatile memory, such as random access memory (Random-Access Memory, RAM); or non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory (flash memory) ), a hard disk (Hard Disk Drive, HDD) or a solid-state drive (Solid-State Drive, SSD); or a combination of the foregoing types of memories, and provides instructions and data to the processor 13.
  • volatile memory volatile memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • non-volatile memory non-volatile memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • flash memory flash memory
  • HDD Hard Disk Drive
  • SSD solid-state drive
  • the communication bus 15 is used to connect the processor 13 and the memory 14 and the mutual communication between these devices.
  • the functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or software function module.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software function module and is not sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment is essentially or correct
  • the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal A computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor (processor) execute all or part of the steps of the method in this embodiment.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read only memory (Read Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a rate-distortion optimization instruction is stored, where the rate-distortion optimization instruction is executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned rate-distortion optimization method.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device performs rate-distortion optimization processing on the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the encoding unit-level encoding bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame that has been encoded can be used to estimate the bit rate.
  • the Grange multiplier combines the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain the estimated Lagrangian multiplier at the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame, thereby realizing the rate-distortion optimization processing, Realize encoding, because the rate-distortion optimization device can intervene in the estimated Lagrangian multipliers of all coding units of the image to be encoded in the current frame based on the bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier, thereby intervening in the frame
  • the bit distribution of the inner coding unit tends to be balanced, thereby improving the coding efficiency.
  • this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application may adopt the form of hardware embodiments, software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware. Moreover, this application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.
  • These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction device.
  • the device realizes the functions specified in one or more processes in the schematic diagram and/or one block or more in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce computer-implemented processing, so as to execute on the computer or other programmable equipment.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing functions specified in one or more processes in the schematic diagram and/or one block or more in the block diagram.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a rate-distortion optimization method and device, and a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device performs rate-distortion optimization processing on the image to be encoded in the current frame.
  • the encoding process can be completed by encoding.
  • the coding unit-level coding bit rate and estimated Lagrangian multiplier of a frame of image to be coded are combined with the preset coding bit rate and the estimated Lagrangian multiplier model to obtain the coding unit level of the image to be coded in the current frame Estimate the Lagrangian multiplier, and then realize the rate-distortion optimization process and realize the encoding.
  • the rate-distortion optimization device can intervene in the current frame of the image to be encoded based on the bit rate of the image to be encoded in the previous frame and the estimated Lagrange multiplier
  • the estimated Lagrangian multipliers of all coding units in the frame and then interfere with the bit distribution of the intra-frame coding units tend to be balanced, thereby improving the coding efficiency.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil d'optimisation de débit-distorsion, et un support d'informations lisible par ordinateur. Le procédé peut consister à : acquérir une trame actuelle d'image à coder ; si la trame actuelle d'image à coder n'est pas la première trame d'image à coder, acquérir un multiplicateur de Lagrange initial, un débit binaire de codage d'un niveau d'unité de codage de la trame précédente d'image à coder et un multiplicateur de Lagrange estimé du niveau d'unité de codage de la trame précédente d'image à coder ; selon le multiplicateur de Lagrange initial, le débit binaire de codage du niveau d'unité de codage de la trame précédente d'image à coder, le multiplicateur de Lagrange estimé du niveau d'unité de codage de la trame précédente d'image à coder, un débit binaire de codage prédéfini et un modèle de multiplicateur de Lagrange estimé, obtenir un multiplicateur de Lagrange estimé d'un niveau d'unité de codage de la trame actuelle d'image à coder ; et utiliser le multiplicateur de Lagrange estimé du niveau d'unité de codage de la trame actuelle d'image à coder pour effectuer un traitement de débit-distorsion de la trame actuelle d'image à coder, de manière à compléter le codage de la trame actuelle d'image à coder.
PCT/CN2019/076305 2019-02-27 2019-02-27 Procédé et appareil d'optimisation de débit-distorsion, et support d'informations lisible par ordinateur WO2020172813A1 (fr)

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