WO2020164563A1

WO2020164563A1 - Millimeter wave radio resource management testing with multiple angles of arrival

Info

Publication number: WO2020164563A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/075181
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bin Han; Valentin Alexandru Gheorghiu; Awlok JOSAN
Original assignee: Qualcomm Incorporated
Priority date: 2019-02-14
Filing date: 2020-02-14
Publication date: 2020-08-20
Also published as: WO2020164046A1

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless testing are described. A set of test probes may select a first and second test probe with different angles of arrival (AoAs) for a testing procedure with a wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE). The set of test probes may determine a maximum gain difference associated with the first and second test probes based on an operating band of the testing procedure and may determine a target signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) based on the maximum gain difference. In some cases, the target SINR may be a lower bound on a range of maximum potential SINR values. The first and second test probes may transmit signals to the wireless device and may perform the testing procedure according to the target SINR (e.g., the powers of first and second test probe signals may be set according to the target SINR).

Description

MILLIMETER WAVE RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TESTING WITH MULTIPLE ANGLES OF ARRIVAL

CROSS REFERENCE

The present Application for Patent claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2019/075060 to HAN et. al., titled “MILLIMETER WAVE RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TESTING WITH MULTIPLE ANGLES OF ARRIVAL, ” filed February 14, 2019, assigned to the assignee hereof.

BACKGROUND

The following relates generally to wireless testing, and more specifically to millimeter wave (mmW) radio resource management (RRM) testing with multiple angles of arrival (AoAs) .

Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations or network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) .

In some cases, test probes may perform over-the-air (OTA) testing with a UE to evaluate communication capabilities of the UE. Testing may involve one of the test probes transmitting a signal and corresponding noise to the UE. The test probe may set the signal and corresponding noise such that the UE receives a controlled target signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the baseband. As only one probe may be transmitting at a time, the signal and noise received at the UE may correspond to a single AoA. Such techniques, however, may limit the total number of testable side conditions (e.g., may limit side conditions to only those related to SNR) .

SUMMARY

The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support millimeter wave (mmW) radio resource management (RRM) testing with multiple angles of arrival (AoAs) . Generally, the described techniques provide for enabling RRM testing utilizing signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at a wireless device such as a user equipment (UE) . For example, a set of test probes may determine a maximum gain difference which may enable the set of test probes to determine a potential range of maximum SINR values that may be received at the wireless device during RRM testing.

To support mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs, the set of test probes may select a first and second test probe with different AoAs for a testing procedure with a wireless device, such as a UE. The first and second test probe may be selected based on a difference between an AoA associated with the first probe and an AoA associated with the second probe being within an interval. Additionally or alternatively, the set of test probes may obtain a direction map and may determine the first and second test probes based on the direction map. The set of test probes may determine a maximum gain difference based on the operating band of the testing procedure and may obtain a target SINR based on the maximum gain difference. Additionally, the target SINR may be determined based on a configured power of signals at the first and second test probe. In some cases, the target SINR may be a lower bound on a range of maximum SINR values that the wireless device may receive. Additionally, the set of test probes may determine an upper bound on the range of maximum SINR values that may be equal to an SNR from the first test probe. The first and second test probes may transmit the first and second signals, respectively, and may perform the testing procedure (e.g., an RRM testing procedure) with the wireless device.

A method of wireless communications at a test probe set is described. The method may include identifying that a first test probe is selected for use with a second test probe in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe and the second test probe providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device, determining a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe and the second test probe, and performing the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device.

An apparatus for wireless communications at a test probe set is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to identify that a first test probe is selected for use with a second test probe in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe and the second test probe providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device, determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe and the second test probe, and perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device.

Another apparatus for wireless communications at a test probe set is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying that a first test probe is selected for use with a second test probe in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe and the second test probe providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device, determining a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe and the second test probe, and performing the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a test probe set is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify that a first test probe is selected for use with a second test probe in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe and the second test probe providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device, determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe and the second test probe, and perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device.

A method of wireless communications at a UE is described. The method may include receiving, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe at a first AoA, receiving, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe at a second AoA different from the first AoA, where a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE, and performing a testing procedure in association with the first test probe and the second test probe based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR.

An apparatus for wireless communications at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to receive, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe at a first AoA, receive, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe at a second AoA different from the first AoA, where a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE, and perform a testing procedure in association with the first test probe and the second test probe based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR.

Another apparatus for wireless communications at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for receiving, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe at a first AoA, receiving, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe at a second AoA different from the first AoA, where a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE, and performing a testing procedure in association with the first test probe and the second test probe based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe at a first AoA, receive, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe at a second AoA different from the first AoA, where a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE, and perform a testing procedure in association with the first test probe and the second test probe based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports millimeter wave (mmW) radio resource management (RRM) testing with multiple angles of arrival (AoAs) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a testing setup that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a test flow that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a testing component that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 9 and 10 show block diagrams of devices that support mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a testing component that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 13 through 17 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A set of test probes may perform testing on a wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE) , where testing may involve a test probe of the set of test probes transmitting signals and corresponding noise to the wireless device. If the testing is over-the-air (OTA) testing, the test probe, which may act as a test equipment (TE) or a base station emulator, may control a signal to noise ratio (SNR) at a reference point of the wireless device (e.g., at an antenna in an antenna array) . Additionally, if the testing is radio resource management (RRM) testing, the wireless device may use the SNR at baseband. However, the SNR at baseband and the SNR at the reference point may be different (e.g., due to the presence of a noise floor in the baseband of the wireless device) . As such, the test probe may set a compliance level so that the SNR at the reference point is higher than the SNR at the baseband by a certain threshold.

However, in some cases, two probes of the set of test probes may be selected to transmit signals with or without noise to the wireless device. Each of the two test probes may be associated with a different AoA. A signal from the first of the two test probes may act as a desired signal and a signal from the second of the two test probes may act as an interfering signal. In such cases, a reference point of the wireless device may receive the signals with an associated signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) . Additionally, the baseband of the wireless device may be associated with a SINR different from that at the reference point. Both the reference point SINR and the baseband SINR may depend on a difference in gain between the second test probe (e.g., the interfering test probe) and the first test probe (e.g., the desired test probe) . An exact difference in gain, however, may not be available to the set of test probes, which may prevent the set of test probes from determining an exact SINR value at the reference point and, by extension, the baseband of the wireless device.

To enable testing, the set of probes may determine a range of maximum SINR values that may be present at the reference point or the baseband of the wireless device. For instance, the set of probes may determine a lower and/or upper bound on the range of maximum SINR values. The upper bound may be determined to be equal to the SNR transmitted from the first probe (e.g., the desired probe) . The lower bound, which may be referred to as a target SINR, may be determined based on a maximum gain difference (e.g., a gain difference that results when a same receive (Rx) beam receives the interference signal, the desired signal, and the corresponding noise) . The lower and upper bounds of the range of maximum SINR values may be used to set signal power levels for a testing procedure. For example, upon determining the lower and upper bounds of the range of maximum SINR values, the first and second probes may set a power of a signal from the first probe and a power of a signal from the second probe according to the determined target SINR and perform the testing procedure with the wireless device.

The maximum gain difference may be equal to the difference between an antenna gain for a beam peak direction and an antenna gain corresponding to a spherical coverage constraint (e.g., an antenna gain for a beam with an approximate Nth percentile (e.g., 50%-tile) spherical coverage) . In some cases, the beam peak direction and the spherical coverage constraint may be associated with rough beams. In some examples, a rough beam may be used by a wireless device, such as a UE, for mobility measurements of serving or neighbor cells during testing. Alternatively, the beam peak direction and the spherical coverage constraint may be associated with fine beams. In some examples, a fine beam may be used by a wireless device during testing for data path demodulation and channel state information (CSI) measurements. Rough beams may have different antenna gains and different spherical coverage performance than fine beams. The antenna gain for the beam peak direction may correspond to a maximum gain and the antenna gain for the spherical coverage constraint may correspond to a minimum gain. Additionally, the set of test probes may choose the maximum gain difference based on the operating band.

In some cases, the two test probes may be selected randomly among a subset of the set of test probes which correspond to a direction map (e.g., a direction map which satisfies the spherical coverage constraint) . The set of test probes may verify that the AoA of the first test probe and the AoA of the second test probe are within an AoA interval, and may reselect two new test probes if the AoAs are not within the AoA interval.

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communications system. Aspects of the disclosure are additionally described in the context of a test setup, a test flow, and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to millimeter wave (mmW) RRM testing with multiple AoAs.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 includes base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, or communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.

Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one or more base station antennas. Base stations 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. Wireless communications system 100 may include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations) . The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, and the like.

Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular geographic coverage area 110 in which communications with various UEs 115 is supported. Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 via communication links 125, and communication links 125 between a base station 105 and a UE 115 may utilize one or more carriers. Communication links 125 shown in wireless communications system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105, or downlink transmissions from a base station 105 to a UE 115. Downlink transmissions may also be called forward link transmissions while uplink transmissions may also be called reverse link transmissions.

The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may be divided into sectors making up a portion of the geographic coverage area 110, and each sector may be associated with a cell. For example, each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or various combinations thereof. In some examples, a base station 105 may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, and overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by the same base station 105 or by different base stations 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A/LTE-A Pro or NR network in which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110.

The term “cell” refers to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station 105 (e.g., over a carrier) , and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) operating via the same or a different carrier. In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC) , narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , or others) that may provide access for different types of devices. In some cases, the term “cell” may refer to a portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical entity operates.

UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 may also be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client. A UE 115 may also be a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or an MTC device, or the like, which may be implemented in various articles such as appliances, vehicles, meters, or the like.

Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices, and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station 105 without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay that information to a central server or application program that can make use of the information or present the information to humans interacting with the program or application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.

Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception simultaneously) . In some examples half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power saving “deep sleep” mode when not engaging in active communications, or operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) . In some cases, UEs 115 may be designed to support critical functions (e.g., mission critical functions) , and a wireless communications system 100 may be configured to provide ultra-reliable communications for these functions.

In some cases, a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device (D2D) protocol) . One or more of a group of UEs 115 utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105, or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 105. In some cases, groups of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some cases, a base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out between UEs 115 without the involvement of a base station 105.

Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with one another. For example, base stations 105 may interface with the core network 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface) . Base stations 105 may communicate with one another over backhaul links 134 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) .

The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , which may include at least one mobility management entity (MME) , at least one serving gateway (S-GW) , and at least one Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) . The MME may manage non-access stratum (e.g., control plane) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the EPC. User IP packets may be transferred through the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GW may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The P-GW may be connected to the network operators IP services. The operators IP services may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched (PS) Streaming Service.

At least some of the network devices, such as a base station 105, may include subcomponents such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . Each access network entity may communicate with UEs 115 through a number of other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, or a transmission/reception point (TRP) . In some configurations, various functions of each access network entity or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station 105) .

Wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band, since the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features. However, the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g., less than 100 km) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band. The SHF region includes bands such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, which may be used opportunistically by devices that may be capable of tolerating interference from other users.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, wireless communications system 100 may support mmW communications between UEs 115 and base stations 105, and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be even smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some cases, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE 115. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. Techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz ISM band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, wireless devices such as base stations 105 and UEs 115 may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) procedures to ensure a frequency channel is clear before transmitting data. In some cases, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, peer-to-peer transmissions, or a combination of these. Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on frequency division duplexing (FDD) , time division duplexing (TDD) , or a combination of both.

In some examples, base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. For example, wireless communications system 100 may use a transmission scheme between a transmitting device (e.g., a base station 105) and a receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) , where the transmitting device is equipped with multiple antennas and the receiving device is equipped with one or more antennas. MIMO communications may employ multipath signal propagation to increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers, which may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream, and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams. Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station 105 or a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam or receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying certain amplitude and phase offsets to signals carried via each of the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .

In one example, a base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. For instance, some signals (e.g. synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station 105 multiple times in different directions, which may include a signal being transmitted according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by the base station 105 or a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for subsequent transmission and/or reception by the base station 105.

Some signals, such as data signals or control signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based at least in in part on a signal that was transmitted in different beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station 105 in different directions, and the UE 115 may report to the base station 105 an indication of the signal it received with a highest signal quality, or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station 105, a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) , or transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .

A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115, which may be an example of a mmW receiving device) may try multiple receive beams when receiving various signals from the base station 105, such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive beams or receive directions. In some examples a receiving device may use a single receive beam to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive beam may be aligned in a beam direction determined based at least in part on listening according to different receive beam directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio, or otherwise acceptable signal quality based at least in part on listening according to multiple beam directions) .

In some cases, the antennas of a base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays, which may support MIMO operations, or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some cases, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station 105 may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operate according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a base station 105 or core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the Physical layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.

In some cases, UEs 115 and base stations 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. HARQ feedback is one technique of increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly over a communication link 125. HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., signal-to-noise conditions) . In some cases, a wireless device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.

Time intervals in LTE or NR may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit, which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of T _s = 1/30,720,000 seconds. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a duration of 10 milliseconds (ms) , where the frame period may be expressed as T _f = 307,200 T _s. The radio frames may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023. Each frame may include 10 subframes numbered from 0 to 9, and each subframe may have a duration of 1 ms. A subframe may be further divided into 2 slots each having a duration of 0.5 ms, and each slot may contain 6 or 7 modulation symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain 2048 sampling periods. In some cases, a subframe may be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100, and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In other cases, a smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be shorter than a subframe or may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) or in selected component carriers using sTTIs) .

In some wireless communications systems, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. In some instances, a symbol of a mini-slot or a mini-slot may be the smallest unit of scheduling. Each symbol may vary in duration depending on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation, for example. Further, some wireless communications systems may implement slot aggregation in which multiple slots or mini-slots are aggregated together and used for communication between a UE 115 and a base station 105.

The term “carrier” refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communications over a communication link 125. For example, a carrier of a communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band that is operated according to physical layer channels for a given radio access technology. Each physical layer channel may carry user data, control information, or other signaling. A carrier may be associated with a pre-defined frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN) ) , and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by UEs 115. Carriers may be downlink or uplink (e.g., in an FDD mode) , or be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) . In some examples, signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple sub-carriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) .

The organizational structure of the carriers may be different for different radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . For example, communications over a carrier may be organized according to TTIs or slots, each of which may include user data as well as control information or signaling to support decoding the user data. A carrier may also include dedicated acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals or system information, etc. ) and control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier. In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration) , a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers.

Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. In some examples, control information transmitted in a physical control channel may be distributed between different control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between a common control region or common search space and one or more UE-specific control regions or UE-specific search spaces) .

A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a number of predetermined bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 MHz) . In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating over portions or all of the carrier bandwidth. In other examples, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a predefined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or RBs) within a carrier (e.g., “in-band” deployment of a narrowband protocol type) .

In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme) . Thus, the more resource elements that a UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be for the UE 115. In MIMO systems, a wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers) , and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate for communications with a UE 115.

Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., base stations 105 or UEs 115) may have a hardware configuration that supports communications over a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configurable to support communications over one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include base stations 105 and/or UEs 115 that support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with more than one different carrier bandwidth.

Wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize enhanced component carriers (eCCs) . An eCC may be characterized by one or more features including wider carrier or frequency channel bandwidth, shorter symbol duration, shorter TTI duration, or modified control channel configuration. In some cases, an eCC may be associated with a carrier aggregation configuration or a dual connectivity configuration (e.g., when multiple serving cells have a suboptimal or non-ideal backhaul link) . An eCC may also be configured for use in unlicensed spectrum or shared spectrum (e.g., where more than one operator is allowed to use the spectrum) . An eCC characterized by wide carrier bandwidth may include one or more segments that may be utilized by UEs 115 that are not capable of monitoring the whole carrier bandwidth or are otherwise configured to use a limited carrier bandwidth (e.g., to conserve power) .

In some cases, an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than other component carriers, which may include use of a reduced symbol duration as compared with symbol durations of the other component carriers. A shorter symbol duration may be associated with increased spacing between adjacent subcarriers. A device, such as a UE 115 or base station 105, utilizing eCCs may transmit wideband signals (e.g., according to frequency channel or carrier bandwidths of 20, 40, 60, 80 MHz, etc. ) at reduced symbol durations (e.g., 16.67 microseconds) . A TTI in eCC may consist of one or multiple symbol periods. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable.

Wireless communications system 100 may be an NR system that may utilize any combination of licensed, shared, and unlicensed spectrum bands, among others. The flexibility of eCC symbol duration and subcarrier spacing may allow for the use of eCC across multiple spectrums. In some examples, NR shared spectrum may increase spectrum utilization and spectral efficiency, specifically through dynamic vertical (e.g., across the frequency domain) and horizontal (e.g., across the time domain) sharing of resources.

In some cases, a UE 115 may undergo testing to ensure that the UE 115 is performing in a manner consistent with the description of the wireless communications system 100. Such testing may, for instance, be OTA testing, which may be used in cases where conducted antenna connectors are not available (e.g., when the UE is a mmW 5G terminal, or the like) . In some cases, OTA testing may be used as a baseline approach for mmW UE RRM testing. In general, the RRM testing may include details on how to set side conditions, such as levels of SNR or SINR.

Multiple components may be tested during RRM testing. Such components, for instance, may operate at radio frequencies and may include radio frequency (RF) filters, duplexers, transmit receive switches, low noise amplifiers (LNAs) , power amplifiers (PAs) , analogue beamforming phase shifting elements, among other components. Additionally, algorithms that control such components may also be tested.

To support mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs, a set of test probes may select a first and second test probe with different AoAs for a testing procedure with a UE 115. The first and second test probe may be selected based on a difference between an AoA associated with the first probe and an AoA associated with the second probe being within an interval. Additionally or alternatively, the set of test probes may obtain a direction map and may determine the first and second test probes based on the direction map. The set of test probes may determine a maximum gain difference based on the operating band of the testing procedure and may obtain a target SINR based on the maximum gain difference. Additionally, the target SINR may be determined based on a configured signal power at the first and second test probe. In some cases, the target SINR may be a lower bound on a range of maximum SINR values that the UE 115 may receive. Additionally, the set of test probes may determine an upper bound on the range of maximum SINR values that may be equal to an SNR from the first test probe. The first and second test probes may transmit the first and second signals, respectively, and may perform the testing procedure (e.g., an RRM testing procedure) with the UE 115.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a testing setup 200 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, testing setup 200 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100. For example, testing setup 200 may include a UE 115-a, which may be an example of a UE 115 as described with reference to FIG. 1, and may be referred to a device under test (DUT) .

Testing setup 200 may include a test probe set 205. Test probe set 205 may include one or more test probes 210. For instance, in the present example, test probe set 205 may include test probes 210-a, 210-b, 210-c, 210-d, and 210-e. The one or more test probes 210 may be connected through a wired connection or may be isolated from each other and communicate wirelessly.

In some cases, a first test probe 210 (e.g., test probe 210-b) may transmit a first transmission 215 (e.g., 215-a) to UE 115-a as part of a testing procedure on UE 115-a. Such testing, which may involve a single test probe 210, may be referred to as 1AOA testing. The first transmission 215 may include a desired signal as well as artificial noise. UE 115-a may receive the first transmission 215 over receive beam 220 at one or more antennas (e.g., at an antenna array) , which may be referred to as a reference point. The first transmission 215 received at the one or more antennas may be associated with a particular side condition, such as a particular SNR level, which may be controlled by the first test probe 210. Upon receiving the first transmission 215, UE 115-a may demodulate the first transmission 215 (e.g., pass the first transmission 215 through a radio frequency (RF) unit) and convert the first transmission 215 to baseband. In some cases, the SNR at the reference point and the SNR at the baseband may be different (e.g., due to the presence of a noise floor in the baseband) . To account for this difference, the first test probe 210 may transmit the first transmission 215 according to a Noc level. As used herein, a Noc level may be a power spectral density of a white noise source (e.g., artificial noise) measured at the UE reference point. For instance, the test probe set 205 may set the Noc level to be 6 decibels (dBs) higher than the noise floor at UE 115-a, which may maintain the relationship SNR _RP<SNR _BB+1dB, where SNR _RP may be the SNR at the reference point and SNR _BB may be the SNR at the baseband.

In some cases, two test probes 210 may transmit transmission 215 to UE 115-a. Such testing, which utilizes two test probes 210, may be referred to as 2AOA testing. For instance, test probe 210-b may transmit transmission 215-a to UE 115-a and test probe 210-c may transmit transmission 215-b to UE 115-a. Transmission 215-a may contain a desired signal and/or a first amount of artificial noise and transmission 215-b may contain an interference signal and/or a second amount of artificial noise. In some cases, transmission 215-a and transmission 215-b may be set according to a side condition, such as a particular SINR value or range of SINR values. UE 115-a may receive the transmissions 215-a and/or 215-b over receive beam 220 at a reference point and may demodulate the transmissions 215 to baseband. The SINR at baseband for UE 115-a may be determined according to:

SINR1 may correspond to the SINR at baseband, S ₁ may correspond to a power of the signal portion of the transmission 215-a, G ₁ may correspond to an antenna gain in the direction of test probe 210-b relative to UE 115-a, Loss may correspond to an amount of path loss between test probe 210-a and test probe 210-b, S ₂ may correspond to a power of the signal portion of the transmission 215-b, N may correspond to a noise associated with the transmissions 215, G ₂ may correspond to an antenna gain in the direction of test probe 210-c relative to UE 115-a, and Noise_floor may correspond to an amount of noise at the baseband of UE 115-a (e.g., a total noise at the DUT baseband receiver) . In some examples, S ₁ and S ₂ may be signal levels at test probes 210-a and 210-b, respectively. In some examples, N may be the amount of artificial noise at the reference point for test probe 210-aand test probe 210-b. In some cases, Noc=N*G ₁*Loss, where Noc may refer to the Noc level at the reference point. If Noc, which may be based on the Noc level in 1AOA testing, is set so that Noc is at least a certain amount higher than Noise_floor (e.g., (Noc-Noise_floor) ≥6 dB) , the SINR at baseband for UE 115-a may be determined according to:

SNR ₁ may correspond to the SNR of transmission 215-a. D may equal the gain difference G ₂/G ₁ and may correspond to an antenna gain difference of dual directions (e.g., the direction from UE 115-a to test probe 210-b and the direction from UE 115-a to test probe 210-c) . The test probe set 205 may be incapable of determining an exact gain difference or may do so with a computational complexity inappropriate for testing purposes. As such, test probe set 205 may be incapable of determining an exact SINR1 or may do so with a computational complexity inappropriate for testing purposes.

To enable control of the SINR at baseband when two test probes 210 are simultaneously transmitting transmissions 215, the test probe set 205 may determine a range of maximum potential values for SINR1. For instance, the test probe set 205 may determine the upper bound of the range of maximum potential SINR1 values as equal to SNR ₁. The test probe set 205 may make this determination based on an ideal rejection of the interfering transmission 215, which in the present example may be transmission 215-b, or using TDM between two test probes 210 (e.g., (G ₂/G ₁) →0) . The test probe set 205 may determine the lower bound of the range of maximum potential SINR1 values as equal to SINR1 with a maximum gain difference (G ₂/G ₁) _max when transmission 215-a and transmission 215-b are received on a same receive beam 220.

The maximum gain difference (G ₂/G ₁) _max may be calculated as the difference between an antenna gain for a beam peak direction and an antenna gain for a direction at least partially defined by a spherical coverage constraint (e.g., a direction defined by a N-tile spherical coverage) . N may be a percent that depends upon a power class of UE. For example, for a power class 3 UE, N may be 50%. The antenna gain for the beam peak direction may be referred to as a maximum gain and the antenna gain for the direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint may be referred to as a minimum gain. In some cases, the antenna gain for the beam peak direction may be associated with the transmission 215 carrying the interfering signal (e.g., transmission 215-b in the present example) and the antenna gain for the spherical coverage constraint may be associated with the transmission 215 carrying the desired signal (e.g., transmission 215-a in the present example) .

If the testing (e.g., RRM testing) involves rough beams (e.g., two rough beams) , the beam peak direction may be associated with a first rough beam (e.g., a rough beam pointing along the direction of the interfering signal) . The beam peak direction may have an antenna gain equal to G _FB-Y, where G _FB may represent an antenna gain for a fine beam peak direction and Y (e.g., 7 dB) may represent a difference in gain between a rough beam and a fine beam. Additionally, the spherical coverage constraint may be associated with a second rough beam (e.g., a rough beam pointing along the direction of the desired signal) . The spherical coverage constraint direction may have an antenna gain equal to G _FB-Z-X, where Z may represent a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam and X may represent a gain associated with an effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS) spherical coverage constraint. In such cases, the maximum gain difference (G ₂/G ₁) _max may be approximated as G _{diff, approx}= (G _FB-Y) - (G _FB-X-Z) =X-Y+Z.

Alternatively, if the testing (e.g., RRM testing) involves fine beams (e.g., two fine beams) , the beam peak direction may be associated with a first fine beam (e.g., a fine beam pointing along the direction of the interfering signal) . The beam peak direction may have an antenna gain equal to G _FB. Additionally, the spherical coverage constraint may be associated with a second fine beam (e.g., a fine beam pointing along the direction of the desired signal) . The spherical coverage constraint direction may have an antenna gain equal to G _FB-X. In such cases, the maximum gain difference (G ₂/G ₁) _max may be approximated as G _{diff, approx}=G _FB- (G _FB-X) =X.

In either case (e.g., when the RRM testing involves rough beams versus fine beams) , the lower bound of the range of maximum potential SINR1 values, SINR1 _lower, may be determined according to:

If G _{diff, approx} does not include Y and Z, or if Y and Z are set to fixed values, test probe set 205 may control the lower bound of the range of potential maximum SINR1 values based on S ₁, S ₂, N, and X.

In some cases, transmissions 215-a and 215-b may be sent without artificial noise (e.g., N=0) or with artificial noise below a threshold. In such cases, the SINR at the baseband of UE 115-a may be determined according to:

If S ₂*G ₂*Loss is at least a certain amount higher than Noise_floor (e.g., (S ₂*G ₂*Loss-Noise_floor) ≥6 dB) , the SINR at baseband for UE 115-a may be approximated as:

A lower bound on the range of maximum potential SINR values may be calculated according to a maximum gain difference (G ₂/G ₁) _max as:

G _{diff, approx} may be determined according to the techniques described herein. If G _{diff, approx} does not include Y and Z, or if Y and Z are set to fixed values, test probe set 205 may control the lower bound on the range of potential maximum SINR1 values based on S ₁, S ₂, and X.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a test flow 300 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, test flow 300 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 and testing setup 200. For instance, test flow 300 may be implemented by a test probe set 205 containing one or more test probes 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2. Additionally, the DUT described herein may be an example of a UE 115 as described with reference to FIG. 1.

At 305, the test probe set 205 may obtain a directions map which satisfies a spherical coverage constraint (e.g., an N percentile EIS spherical coverage) of a DUT.

At 310, the test probe set 205 may choose AoA locations of two test probes 210 based on the direction map and relative positions of the probes. For instance, the test probe set 205 may select test probes 210 whose locations are within the direction map. Each test probe 210 in each location may be associated with a different AoA. The choosing process may be random or may be based on a function.

At 315, the test probe set 205 may determine whether an AoA interval, which may be defined by a difference between an AoA of the first selected test probe 210 and an AoA of the second test probe 210, satisfies a baseline measurement setup. For instance, the test probe set 205 may determine whether the AoA interval is at or is within a threshold range of degrees (e.g., 30, 60, 90, 120, or 150 degrees) or radians. If the AoA interval satisfies the baseline measurement setup, the test probe set 205 may use the first and second selected test probes 210 and may proceed to 320. Elsewise, the test probe set 205 may reselect locations of two test probes 210 (e.g., repeat 310) and may determine if an AoA interval of the AoAs of the reselected test probes satisfy the baseline measurement setup (e.g., repeat 315) . This process may continue until locations of two test probes 210 are chosen that satisfy the baseline measurement setup.

At 320, the test probe set 205 may obtain the maximum gain difference. In some cases, the test probe set 205 may determine the maximum gain difference based on an operating band for the testing procedure.

At 325, the test probe set 205 may determine a target SINR. In some cases, the target SINR may be based on side conditions associated with a test case (e.g., a particular SNR level, a particular SINR level, or a range of SINR values) . The target SINR may be, for instance, a lower bound on a range of maximum potential SINR values and may be determined according to, for instance, equations (3) or (6) as described with reference to FIG. 2.

At 330, the test probe set 205 may set S ₁ and S ₂ to control the target SINR.

At 335, the test probe set 205 may perform RRM testing with the DUT (e.g., a wireless device, such as a UE 115) . In some cases, the DUT may be placed in a test chamber containing test probe set 205 at 335.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow 400 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, process flow 400 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100, testing setup 200, test flow 300, or a combination of these. For instance, process flow 400 may include UE 115-b, which may be an example of a UE 115 described with reference to FIG. 1 and/or 2 and may include test probe set 205-b, which may be an example of a test probe set 205 as described with reference to FIGs. 2 and/or 3. Additionally, test probe set 205-b may include one or more test probes, such as test probes 210 of FIG. 2.

At 405, test probe set 205-b may obtain a direction map of UE 115-b. The direction map may, for instance, satisfy a spherical coverage constraint (e.g., an 50%N-tile rough spherical coverage constraint) .

At 410, test probe set 205-b may identify that a first test probe 210 is selected for use with a second test probe in a testing procedure with UE 115-b. In some cases, the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 may provide signals having different AoAs at UE 115-b.

At 415, test probe set 205-b may determine a maximum gain difference between an antenna gain in a direction from UE 115-b to the first test probe 210 and an antenna gain in a direction from UE 115-b to the second test probe 210. In some cases, the maximum gain difference may be approximated as a difference between a first antenna gain associated with a beam peak direction and a second antenna gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint (e.g., an Ntile spherical coverage) . In some cases, the second antenna gain may be determined based on a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam in a direction of the spherical coverage constraint and a gain associated with the spherical coverage constraint.

At 420, test probe set 205-b may determine a target SINR for a baseband of UE 115-b. The target SINR may be determined based on a maximum gain difference, such as the maximum gain difference determined at 415, which may be associated with the signals from the first test probe and the second test probe. In some cases, the target SINR is a lower bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the signals.

At 425, the first test probe 210 may transmit a first signal with a first AoA and the second test probe may transmit a second signal with a second AoA. In some cases, the first AoA and the second AoA may be different. In some cases, a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal may satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of UE 115-b, such as the target SINR determined at 420. UE 115-b may receive the first signal and/or the second signal.

At 430, test probe set 205-b (e.g., via the first and second test probes 210) and UE 115-b may perform the testing procedure. The testing procedure may be performed in association with the first test probe and the second test probe and may be based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR. In some cases, the testing procedure may be an RRM testing procedure.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a UE testing component 515, and a transmitter 520. The device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 510 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The UE testing component 515 may receive, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe (e.g., first test probe 210-a) at a first AoA. The UE testing component 515 may receive, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe (e.g., second test probe 210-b) at a second AoA different from the first AoA. In some examples, a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE. The UE testing component 515 may perform a testing procedure in association with the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR. The UE testing component 515 may be an example of aspects of the UE testing component 810 described herein.

The UE testing component 515, or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the UE testing component 515, or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

The UE testing component 515, or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the UE testing component 515, or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the UE testing component 515, or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

The transmitter 520 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 505. In some examples, the transmitter 520 may be collocated with a receiver 510 in a transceiver unit. For example, the transmitter 520 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The transmitter 520 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a UE testing component 615, and a transmitter 635. The device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The UE testing component 615 may be an example of aspects of the UE testing component 515 as described herein. The UE testing component 615 may include a first signal receiver 620, a second signal receiver 625, and a UE test procedure performer 630. The UE testing component 615 may be an example of aspects of the UE testing component 810 described herein.

The first signal receiver 620 may receive, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe 210 at a first AoA.

The second signal receiver 625 may receive, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe 210 at a second AoA different from the first AoA, where a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE.

The UE test procedure performer 630 may perform a testing procedure in association with the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR.

The transmitter 635 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 605. In some examples, the transmitter 635 may be collocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver unit. For example, the transmitter 635 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The transmitter 635 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a testing component 705 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The testing component 705 may be an example of aspects of a UE testing component 515, a UE testing component 615, or a UE testing component 810 described herein. The testing component 705 may include a first signal receiver 710, a second signal receiver 715, and an UE test procedure performer 720. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The first signal receiver 710 may receive, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe 210 at a first AoA.

The second signal receiver 715 may receive, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe 210 at a second AoA different from the first AoA. In some examples, a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE. In some cases, the target SINR is a lower bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the first signal and the second signal. In some cases, the target SINR is associated with a maximum gain difference. In some cases, the maximum gain difference is a difference between a first antenna gain associated with a beam peak direction and a second antenna gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint. In some cases, the spherical coverage constraint is an N-tile spherical coverage constraint on a rough beam or a fine beam. In some cases, the second antenna gain is further associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam in a direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint. In some cases, the beam peak direction is a rough beam peak direction. In some cases, the beam peak direction is a fine beam peak direction. In some cases, the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfy an upper bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the first signal and the second signal including the target SINR, where the upper bound is equal to a SNR of the first test probe 210. In some cases, the first signal is a desired signal and the second signal is an interfering signal. In some cases, the first signal is associated with the first antenna gain and the second signal is associated with the second antenna gain.

The UE test procedure performer 720 may perform a testing procedure in association with the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR. In some cases, the testing procedure includes a RRM testing procedure.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of or include the components of device 505, device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a UE testing component 810, an I/O controller 815, a transceiver 820, an antenna 825, memory 830, and a processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 845) .

The UE testing component 810 may receive, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe 210 at a first AoA, receive, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe 210 at a second AoA different from the first AoA, where a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE, and perform a testing procedure in association with the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR.

The I/O controller 815 may manage input and output signals for the device 805. The I/O controller 815 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 805. In some cases, the I/O controller 815 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller 815 may utilize an operating system such as

or another known operating system. In other cases, the I/O controller 815 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller 815 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 805 via the I/O controller 815 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 815.

The transceiver 820 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver 820 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 820 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 825. However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 825, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

The memory 830 may include random-access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 835 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 830 may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The processor 840 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 840. The processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs) .

The code 835 may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless testing. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the processor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of a test probe set 205 as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, a testing component 915, and a transmitter 920. The device 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 910 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The testing component 915 may identify that a first test probe 210 is selected for use with a second test probe 210 in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device, determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210, and perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device. The testing component 915 may be an example of aspects of the testing component 1210 described herein.

The testing component 915, or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the testing component 915, or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

The testing component 915, or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the testing component 915, or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the testing component 915, or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

The transmitter 920 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 905. In some examples, the transmitter 920 may be collocated with a receiver 910 in a transceiver unit. For example, the transmitter 920 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The transmitter 920 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a device 905, or a test probe set 205 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a testing component 1015, and a transmitter 1035. The device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 1010 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The testing component 1015 may be an example of aspects of the testing component 915 as described herein. The testing component 1015 may include a test probe identifier 1020, a SINR determiner 1025, and a probe test procedure performer 1030. The testing component 1015 may be an example of aspects of the testing component 1210 described herein.

The test probe identifier 1020 may identify that a first test probe 210 is selected for use with a second test probe 210 in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device.

The SINR determiner 1025 may determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210.

The probe test procedure performer 1030 may perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device.

The transmitter 1035 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the transmitter 1035 may be collocated with a receiver 1010 in a transceiver unit. For example, the transmitter 1035 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The transmitter 1035 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a testing component 1105 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The testing component 1105 may be an example of aspects of a testing component 915, a testing component 1015, or a testing component 1210 described herein. The testing component 1105 may include a test probe identifier 1110, a SINR determiner 1115, a probe test procedure performer 1120, a gain difference determiner 1125, a direction map component 1130, an AoA interval component 1135, and a test probe selector 1140. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The test probe identifier 1110 may identify that a first test probe 210 is selected for use with a second test probe 210 in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device. In some examples, the test probe identifier 1110 may identify that the first test probe 210 is selected for use with the second test probe 210 based on the direction map. In some examples, the test probe identifier 1110 may determine to use the first test probe 210 with the second test probe 210 for the testing procedure based at least in part on determining that an AoA interval comprising a difference between a first AoA associated with the first test probe 210 and a second AoA associated with the second test probe 210 satisfies the baseline measurement setup. In some examples, the test probe identifier 1110 may determine to use the first test probe 210 with the second test probe 210 for the testing procedure.

The SINR determiner 1115 may determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210. In some examples, the SINR determiner 1115 may determine an upper bound of the potential maximum SINR values arising from the signals equal to a SNR from the first test probe 210. In some examples, the SINR determiner 1115 may determine the target SINR based on a configured power of a first signal from the first test probe 210 and a configured power of a second signal from the second test probe 210. In some cases, the target SINR includes a lower bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the signals. In some cases, the target SINR is determined according to

where S ₁ corresponds to a power of a first signal from the first test probe 210, S ₂ corresponds to a power of a second signal from the second test probe 210, SNR ₁ corresponds to a SNR associated with the first signal, and D corresponds to the maximum gain difference. In some examples, the target SINR is determined according to

where S ₁ corresponds to a power of a first signal from the first test probe 210, S ₂ corresponds to a power of a second signal from the second test probe 210, and D corresponds to the maximum gain difference. In some examples, the maximum gain difference is determined according to D= (X-Y+Z) , where D corresponds to the maximum gain difference, X corresponds to a gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint, Y corresponds to a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam on a beam peak direction, and Z corresponds to a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam on a direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint. In some examples, the maximum gain difference is determined according to D=X, where D corresponds to the maximum gain difference and X corresponds to a gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint.

The probe test procedure performer 1120 may perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device. In some cases, the testing procedure is an RRM testing procedure. In some cases, the probe test procedure performer 1120 may transmit a first signal from the first test probe 210, the first signal being a desired signal. In some cases, the probe test procedure performer 1120 may transmit a second signal from the second test probe 210, the second signal being an interfering signal. In some cases, the first antenna gain may be associated with the first signal and the second antenna gain may be associated with the second signal.

The gain difference determiner 1125 may determine a first antenna gain associated with a beam peak direction. In some examples, the gain difference determiner 1125 may determine a second antenna gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint. In some examples, the gain difference determiner 1125 may determine the maximum gain difference based on a difference between the first antenna gain and the second antenna gain. In some examples, the gain difference determiner 1125 may determine a gain associated with the spherical coverage constraint and a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam in a direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint. In some examples, the gain difference determiner 1125 may determine the maximum gain difference based on an operating band for the testing procedure. In some cases, the spherical coverage constraint may be an N-tile spherical coverage constraint on a rough beam or a fine beam. In some cases, the beam peak direction is a beam peak direction of a rough beam. In other cases, the beam peak direction is a beam peak direction of a fine beam.

The direction map component 1130 may obtain a direction map of the wireless device which satisfies the spherical coverage constraint. In some cases, the spherical coverage constraint may be a spherical coverage constraint on a fine beam.

The AoA interval component 1135 may determine that an AoA interval comprising a difference between a first AoA associated with the first test probe 210 and a second AoA associated with the second test probe 210 satisfies a baseline measurement setup. In some examples, the AoA interval component 1135 may determine that an AoA interval comprising a difference between a first AoA from the third test probe 210 and a second AoA from another test probe 210 of the two test probes 210 does not satisfy a baseline measurement setup.

The test probe selector 1140 may select two test probes 210 from a set of test probes 210 based on the direction map, where at least one test probe 210 of the two test probes 210 includes a third test probe 210. In some examples, the test probe selector 1140 may reselect two test probes 210 from the set of test probes 210 based at least in part on determining that the AoA interval does not satisfy the baseline measurement setup, where the two reselected test probes 210 comprise the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of or include the components of device 905, device 1005, or a test probe set 205 as described herein. The device 1205 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a testing component 1210, a transceiver 1215, an antenna 1220, memory 1225, and a processor 1235. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1240) .

The testing component 1210 may identify that a first test probe 210 is selected for use with a second test probe 210 in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device, determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210, and perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device.

The transceiver 1215 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver 1215 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1215 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 1220. However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 1220, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

The memory 1225 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. The memory 1225 may store computer-readable code 1230 including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., the processor 1235) cause the device to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1225 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The code 1230 may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless testing. The code 1230 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code 1230 may not be directly executable by the processor 1235 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

The processor 1235 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 1235 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor 1235. The processor 1235 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1235) to cause the device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs) .

FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1300 may be implemented by a test probe set 205 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1300 may be performed by a testing component as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12. In some examples, a test probe set 205 may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the test probe set 205 to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a test probe set 205 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1305, the test probe set 205 may identify that a first test probe 210 is selected for use with a second test probe 210 in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device. The operations of 1305 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a test probe identifier as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1310, the test probe set 205 may determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210. The operations of 1310 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a SINR determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1315, the test probe set 205 may perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device. The operations of 1315 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a probe test procedure performer as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1400 may be implemented by a test probe set 205 105 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1400 may be performed by a testing component as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12. In some examples, a test probe set 205 may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the test probe set 205 to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a test probe set 205 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1405, the test probe set 205 may identify that a first test probe 210 is selected for use with a second test probe 210 in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device. The operations of 1405 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a test probe identifier as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1410, the test probe set 205 may determine a first antenna gain associated with a beam peak direction. The operations of 1410 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a gain difference determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1415, the test probe set 205 may determine a second antenna gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint. The operations of 1415 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a gain difference determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1420, the test probe set 205 may determine a maximum gain difference based on a difference between the first antenna gain and the second antenna gain. The operations of 1420 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed by a gain difference determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1425, the test probe set 205 may determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on the maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210. The operations of 1425 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1425 may be performed by a SINR determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1430, the test probe set 205 may perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device. The operations of 1430 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1430 may be performed by a probe test procedure performer as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1500 may be implemented by a test probe set 205 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1500 may be performed by a testing component as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12. In some examples, a test probe set 205 may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the test probe set 205 to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a test probe set 205 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1505, the test probe set 205 may obtain a direction map of the wireless device which satisfies the spherical coverage constraint. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by a direction map component as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1510, the test probe set 205 may identify that a first test probe 210 is selected for use with a second test probe 210 in a testing procedure with a wireless device based on the direction map, the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a test probe identifier as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1515, the test probe set 205 may determine a first antenna gain associated with a beam peak direction. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by a gain difference determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1520, the test probe set 205 may determine a second antenna gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint. The operations of 1520 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed by a gain difference determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1525, the test probe set 205 may determine a maximum gain difference based on a difference between the first antenna gain and the second antenna gain. The operations of 1525 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1525 may be performed by a gain difference determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1530, the test probe set 205 may determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on the maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210. The operations of 1530 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1530 may be performed by a SINR determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1535, the test probe set 205 may perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device. The operations of 1535 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1535 may be performed by a probe test procedure performer as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1600 may be implemented by a test probe set 205 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1600 may be performed by a testing component as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12. In some examples, a test probe set 205 may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the test probe set 205 to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a test probe set 205 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1605, the test probe set 205 may identify that a first test probe 210 (e.g., a test probe 210 for transmitting a desired signal) is selected for use with a second test probe 210 (e.g., a test probe 210 for transmitting an interfering signal) in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by a test probe identifier as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1610, the test probe set 205 may determine a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210, where target SINR is a lower bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the signals. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a SINR determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1615, the test probe set 205 may determine an upper bound of the potential maximum SINR values arising from the signals equal to an SNR from the first test probe 210. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by a SINR determiner as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1620, the test probe set 205 may perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by a probe test procedure performer as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports mmW RRM testing with multiple AoAs in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1700 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1700 may be performed by a testing component as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1705, the UE may receive, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe 210 at a first AoA. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a first signal receiver as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.

At 1710, the UE may receive, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe 210 at a second AoA different from the first AoA, where a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a second signal receiver as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.

At 1715, the UE may perform a testing procedure in association with the first test probe 210 and the second test probe 210 based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by an UE test procedure performer as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.

It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

Example 1: A method of wireless communications at a test probe set is described. The method may include identifying that a first test probe is selected for use with a second test probe in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe and the second test probe providing signals having different AoAs at the wireless device, determining a target SINR for a baseband of the wireless device based on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe and the second test probe, and performing the testing procedure with the wireless device based on the target SINR of the wireless device.

Example 2: The method of example 1, further comprising determining a first antenna gain associated with a beam peak direction, determining a second antenna gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint, and determining the maximum gain difference based on a difference between the first antenna gain and the second antenna gain.

Example 3: The method of example 2, further comprising obtaining a direction map of the wireless device which satisfies the spherical coverage constraint, and identifying that the first test probe may be selected for use with the second test probe based on the direction map.

Example 4: The method of example 3, wherein identifying that the first test probe may be selected for use with the second test probe further comprises determining that an AoA interval including a difference between a first AoA associated with the first test probe and a second AoA associated with the second test probe satisfies a baseline measurement setup, and determining to use the first test probe with the second test probe for the testing procedure based on determining that the AoA interval satisfies the baseline measurement setup.

Example 5: The method of any of examples 3 and 4, wherein identifying that the first test probe may be selected for use with the second test probe further comprises selecting two test probes from a set of test probes based on the direction map, where at least one test probe of the two test probes includes a third test probe, determining that an AoA interval including a difference between a first AoA from the third test probe and a second AoA from another test probe of the two test probes does not satisfy a baseline measurement setup, reselecting two test probes from the set of test probes based on determining that the AoA interval does not satisfy the baseline measurement setup, where the two reselected test probes include the first test probe and the second test probe, and determining to use the first test probe with the second test probe for the testing procedure.

Example 6: The method of any of examples 3 to 5, wherein the spherical coverage constraint may be a spherical coverage constraint on a fine beam.

Example 7: The method of any of examples 2 to 6, further comprising transmitting a first signal from the first test probe, the first signal being a desired signal, and transmitting a second signal from the second test probe, the second signal being an interfering signal.

Example 8: The method of example 7, wherein the first antenna gain may be associated with the second signal and the second antenna gain may be associated with the first signal.

Example 9: The method of any of examples 2 to 8, wherein determining the second antenna gain further comprises determining a gain associated with the spherical coverage constraint and a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam in a direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint.

Example 10: The method of any of examples 2 to 9, wherein the beam peak direction may be a rough beam peak direction.

Example 11: The method of any of examples 2 to 10, wherein the beam peak direction may be a fine beam peak direction.

Example 12: The method of any of examples 2 to 11, wherein the spherical coverage constraint may be an N-percentile spherical coverage constraint on a rough beam or a fine beam, where N is a number.

Example 13: The method of any of examples 1 to 12, wherein the target SINR includes a lower bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the signals.

Example 14: The method of example 13, further comprising determining an upper bound of the potential maximum SINR values arising from the signals equal to a signal to noise ratio (SNR) from the first test probe.

Example 15: The method of any of examples 1 to 14, further comprising determining the maximum gain difference based on an operating band for the testing procedure.

Example 16: The method of any of examples 1 to 15, further comprising determining the target SINR based on a configured power of a first signal from the first test probe and a configured power of a second signal from the second test probe.

Example 17: The method of any of examples 1 to 16, wherein the testing procedure includes an RRM testing procedure.

Example 18: The method of any of examples 1 to 17, wherein the target SINR may be determined according to

where S ₁ corresponds to a power of a first signal from the first test probe, S ₂ corresponds to a power of a second signal from the second test probe, SNR ₁ corresponds to an SNR associated with the first signal, and D corresponds to the maximum gain difference.

Example 19: The method of any of examples 1 to 17, wherein the target SINR may be determined according to

where S ₁ corresponds to a power of a first signal from the first test probe, S ₂ corresponds to a power of a second signal from the second test probe, and D corresponds to the maximum gain difference.

Example 20: The method of any of examples 1 to 19, wherein the maximum gain difference may be determined according to D= (X-Y+Z) , where D corresponds to the maximum gain difference, X corresponds to a gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint, Y corresponds to a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam on a beam peak direction, and Z corresponds to a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam on a direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint.

Example 21: The method of any of examples 1 to 20, wherein the maximum gain difference may be determined according to D=X, where D corresponds to the maximum gain difference and X corresponds to a gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint.

Example 22: An apparatus for wireless communications comprising a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of examples 1 to 21.

Example 23: An apparatus comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of examples 1 to 21.

Example 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of examples 1 to 21.

Example 25: A method of wireless communications at a UE is described. The method may include receiving, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe at a first AoA, receiving, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe at a second AoA different from the first AoA, where a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target SINR for a baseband of the UE, and performing a testing procedure in association with the first test probe and the second test probe based on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR.

Example 26: The method of example 25, wherein the target SINR includes a lower bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the first signal and the second signal.

Example 27: The method of any of examples 25 and 26, wherein the target SINR may be associated with a maximum gain difference.

Example 28: The method of example 27, wherein the maximum gain difference includes a difference between a first antenna gain associated with a beam peak direction and a second antenna gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint.

Example 29: The method of example 28, wherein the first signal may be a desired signal and the second signal may be an interfering signal, and where the first signal may be associated with the first antenna gain and where the second signal may be associated with the second antenna gain.

Example 30: The method of example 28, wherein the beam peak direction may be a rough beam peak direction.

Example 31: The method of example 28, wherein the beam peak direction may be a fine beam peak direction.

Example 32: The method of any of examples 28 to 31, wherein the spherical coverage constraint may be an N-percentile spherical coverage constraint on a rough beam or a fine beam, where N is a number.

Example 33: The method of any of examples 28 to 32, wherein the second antenna gain may be further associated with a difference in gain between a fine beam and a rough beam in a direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint.

Example 34: The method of any of examples 25 to 33, wherein the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfy an upper bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the first signal and the second signal including the target SINR, where the upper bound may be equal to a SNR of the first test probe.

Example 35: The method of any of examples 25 to 34, wherein the testing procedure includes an RRM testing procedure.

Example 36: An apparatus for wireless communications comprising a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of examples 25 to 35.

Example 37: An apparatus comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of examples 25 to 35.

Example 38: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of examples 25 to 35.

Techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communications systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) , single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) , and other systems. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) , etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases may be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) , etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) .

An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) . LTE, LTE-A, and LTE-A Pro are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, and GSM are described in documents from the organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP) . CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) . The techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned herein as well as other systems and radio technologies. While aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR applications.

A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered base station, as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc. ) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according to various examples. A pico cell, for example, may cover a small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell may also cover a small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , UEs for users in the home, and the like) . An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells, and may also support communications using one or multiple component carriers.

The wireless communications systems described herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.

Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) .

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”

In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.

The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “exemplary” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

A method for wireless communications at a test probe set, comprising:

identifying that a first test probe is selected for use with a second test probe in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe and the second test probe providing signals having different angles of arrival at the wireless device;

determining a target signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for a baseband of the wireless device based at least in part on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe and the second test probe; and

performing the testing procedure with the wireless device based at least in part on the target SINR of the wireless device.
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining a first antenna gain associated with a beam peak direction;

determining a second antenna gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint; and

determining the maximum gain difference based at least in part on a difference between the first antenna gain and the second antenna gain.
The method of claim 2, further comprising:

obtaining a direction map of the wireless device which satisfies the spherical coverage constraint; and

identifying that the first test probe is selected for use with the second test probe based at least in part on the direction map.
The method of claim 3, wherein identifying that the first test probe is selected for use with the second test probe comprises:

determining that an angle of arrival interval comprising a difference between a first angle of arrival associated with the first test probe and a second angle of arrival associated with the second test probe satisfies a baseline measurement setup; and

determining to use the first test probe with the second test probe for the testing procedure based at least in part on determining that the angle of arrival interval satisfies the baseline measurement setup.
The method of claim 3, wherein identifying that the first test probe is selected for use with the second test probe comprises:

selecting two test probes from a set of test probes based at least in part on the direction map, wherein at least one test probe of the two test probes comprises a third test probe;

determining that an angle of arrival interval comprising a difference between a first angle of arrival from the third test probe and a second angle of arrival from another test probe of the two test probes does not satisfy a baseline measurement setup;

reselecting two test probes from the set of test probes based at least in part on determining that the angle of arrival interval does not satisfy the baseline measurement setup, wherein the two reselected test probes comprise the first test probe and the second test probe; and

determining to use the first test probe with the second test probe for the testing procedure.
The method of claim 2, wherein the spherical coverage constraint is a spherical coverage constraint on a fine beam or an N-percentile spherical coverage constraint on a rough beam or a fine beam, where N is a number.
The method of claim 2, further comprising:

transmitting a first signal from the first test probe, the first signal being a desired signal; and

transmitting a second signal from the second test probe, the second signal being an interfering signal.
The method of claim 7, wherein the first antenna gain is associated with the second signal and the second antenna gain is associated with the first signal.
The method of claim 2, wherein determining the second antenna gain comprises:

determining a gain associated with the spherical coverage constraint and a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam in a direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint.
The method of claim 2, wherein the beam peak direction is a rough beam peak direction or a fine beam peak direction.
The method of claim 1, wherein the target SINR comprises a lower bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the signals.
The method of claim 11, further comprising:

determining an upper bound of the potential maximum SINR values arising from the signals equal to a signal to noise ratio (SNR) from the first test probe.
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining the maximum gain difference based at least in part on an operating band for the testing procedure.
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining the target SINR based at least in part on a configured power of a first signal from the first test probe and a configured power of a second signal from the second test probe.
The method of claim 1, wherein the testing procedure comprises a radio resource management (RRM) testing procedure.
The method of claim 1, wherein the target SINR is determined according to
wherein S ₁ corresponds to a power of a first signal from the first test probe, S ₂ corresponds to a power of a second signal from the second test probe, SNR ₁ corresponds to a signal to noise ratio (SNR) associated with the first signal, and D corresponds to the maximum gain difference.
The method of claim 1, wherein the target SINR is determined according to
wherein S ₁ corresponds to a power of a first signal from the first test probe, S ₂ corresponds to a power of a second signal from the second test probe, and D corresponds to the maximum gain difference.
The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum gain difference is determined according to D= (X-Y+Z) , wherein D corresponds to the maximum gain difference, X corresponds to a gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint, Y corresponds to a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam on a beam peak direction, and Z corresponds to a gain associated with a difference between a fine beam and a rough beam on a direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint.
The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum gain difference is determined according to D=X, wherein D corresponds to the maximum gain difference and X corresponds to a gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint.
A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:

receiving, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe at a first angle of arrival;

receiving, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe at a second angle of arrival different from the first angle of arrival, wherein a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for a baseband of the UE; and

performing a testing procedure in association with the first test probe and the second test probe based at least in part on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR.
The method of claim 20, wherein the target SINR comprises a lower bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the first signal and the second signal.
The method of claim 20, wherein the target SINR is associated with a maximum gain difference.
The method of claim 22, wherein the maximum gain difference comprises a difference between a first antenna gain associated with a beam peak direction and a second antenna gain associated with a spherical coverage constraint.
The method of claim 23, wherein the first signal is a desired signal and the second signal is an interfering signal, and wherein the first signal is associated with the first antenna gain and wherein the second signal is associated with the second antenna gain.
The method of claim 23, wherein the beam peak direction is a rough beam peak direction or a fine beam peak direction.
The method of claim 23, wherein the spherical coverage constraint is an N-percentile spherical coverage constraint on a rough beam or a fine beam, where N is a number.
The method of claim 23, wherein the second antenna gain is further associated with a difference in gain between a fine beam and a rough beam in a direction defined by the spherical coverage constraint.
The method of claim 20, wherein the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfy an upper bound of potential maximum SINR values arising from the first signal and the second signal comprising the target SINR, wherein the upper bound is equal to a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the first test probe.
An apparatus for wireless communications at a test probe set, comprising:

a processor,

memory in electronic communication with the processor; and

instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

identify that a first test probe is selected for use with a second test probe in a testing procedure with a wireless device, the first test probe and the second test probe providing signals having different angles of arrival at the wireless device;

determine a target signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for a baseband of the wireless device based at least in part on a maximum gain difference associated with the signals from the first test probe and the second test probe; and

perform the testing procedure with the wireless device based at least in part on the target SINR of the wireless device.
An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:

a processor,

memory in electronic communication with the processor; and

instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

receive, via a UE receive beam, a first signal from a first test probe at a first angle of arrival;

receive, via the UE receive beam, a second signal from a second test probe at a second angle of arrival different from the first angle of arrival, wherein a power of the first signal and a power of the second signal satisfy a target signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for a baseband of the UE; and

perform a testing procedure in association with the first test probe and the second test probe based at least in part on the power of the first signal and the power of the second signal satisfying the target SINR.