WO2020159748A1 - Système de commande pour charge électrique sans fil et alignement - Google Patents

Système de commande pour charge électrique sans fil et alignement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020159748A1
WO2020159748A1 PCT/US2020/014362 US2020014362W WO2020159748A1 WO 2020159748 A1 WO2020159748 A1 WO 2020159748A1 US 2020014362 W US2020014362 W US 2020014362W WO 2020159748 A1 WO2020159748 A1 WO 2020159748A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
field
implantable device
field value
charger
rectifier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2020/014362
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Arvind Govindaraj
Peng CONG
Original Assignee
Verily Life Sciences Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Verily Life Sciences Llc filed Critical Verily Life Sciences Llc
Priority to US17/423,990 priority Critical patent/US20220103023A1/en
Priority to EP20748951.9A priority patent/EP3917613A4/fr
Priority to CN202080011572.3A priority patent/CN113365693A/zh
Publication of WO2020159748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020159748A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/378—Electrical supply
    • A61N1/3787—Electrical supply from an external energy source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/20—The network being internal to a load
    • H02J2310/23—The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device

Definitions

  • Implantable devices such as devices implanted in the body of an individual or other living being, may be used for various functions.
  • a neuromodulation device may be implanted to treat a wide range of disorders.
  • a brain-computer interface may be implanted to augment and/or repair various cognitive and sensory-motor functions.
  • a micro sensor for sensing physiological parameters of an individual.
  • implantable devices may include various subsystems for collecting data, providing outputs based on collected data, performing calculations, and/or carrying out various instructions. Once an implantable device is placed within a user, its battery cannot be easily replaced.
  • One technique includes providing power to an implantable device through wireless power transfer using electromagnetic waves. Most conventional systems use near-field inductive coils for charging the battery of an implantable device.
  • Various examples are described relating to charging and alignment of wireless chargers with implantable devices, systems for charging and alignment of wireless chargers with implantable devices, and methods for charging and alignment of wireless chargers with implantable devices.
  • the methods, systems, and examples described below relate to closed- loop charging and alignment of an implantable device with a wireless charger using an electromagnetic (“EM”) field.
  • EM electromagnetic
  • a system in an example, includes an implantable device having a field estimator to estimate a present or an estimated EM field value and a target EM field value or intensity, related to the strength of a charging field at the implantable device, needed to charge a battery of the implantable device.
  • the implantable device also includes a communication device to transmit the present and target EM field values to a charger.
  • the system also includes a wireless charger including a communication device, an EM field driver, and a controller.
  • the communication device communicates with the implantable device and receives the EM field values.
  • the controller uses the EM field values to alter or control the EM field driver.
  • the controller is designed to cause the EM field driver to adjust the charging EM field until the present or experienced EM field value and the target EM field value at the implantable device match or are as close as reasonably possible.
  • a method in another example, includes measuring or detecting a set of electrical parameters or values within the implantable device, estimating a present EM field value based on the set of electrical parameters, estimating a target EM field value for charging a battery of the implantable device based on the set of electrical parameters, and controlling EM field driver of a wireless charger based on the present EM field value and the target EM field value.
  • the present EM field value, or present estimation value, and the target EM field value, or target EM field intensity comprise field information related to the EM field.
  • a method for aligning a wireless charger with an implantable device.
  • the method includes producing a beacon or alignment EM field from an EM field driver at a wireless charger, receiving or detecting the beacon EM field at the implantable device, determining that the wireless charger can produce a charging EM field, and generating a notification related to the determination.
  • the method also includes determining that the wireless charger can produce the charging EM field based on a predetermined maximum electrical parameter of the charger, such as a predetermined maximum voltage, the detected or present beacon EM field value at the implantable device, a target EM field value for charging, and a beacon electrical parameter of the charger corresponding to the beacon EM field.
  • a method for estimating a EM field at an implantable device.
  • the method includes determining a voltage and a current at a rectifier of an implantable device.
  • the voltage and the current are compared or used in connection with an electrical model, or a simplified electrical model, of the implantable device - the electrical model representing a relationship between the rectifier voltage and current and a detected or experienced EM field value.
  • the method also includes estimating a present or experienced EM field value, a scalar indicating the strength of the EM field at the implantable device, based on the comparison of the current and voltage at the rectifier to the electrical model.
  • the method further includes transmitting the present EM field value to a wireless charger or a controller associated with a wireless charger.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a wireless charging system for charging an implantable device, according to at least one example.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an implantable device, according to at least one example.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a block diagram depicting a wireless charging system, according to at least one example.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram depicting a wireless control system of a wireless charging system, according to at least one example.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an electrical model of an implantable device, according to at least one example.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a chart representative of data from the electrical model of
  • Figure 7 illustrates a block diagram of a control system for an implantable device charger, according to at least one example.
  • Figure 8 illustrates an example process for controlling a charger for an implantable device, according to at least one example.
  • Figure 9 illustrates an example process for aligning a wireless controller and an implantable device for charging, according to at least one example.
  • Implantable devices include mechanical, electrical, and pharmaceutical stimulators and typically use electrochemical cells or batteries for energy to cause the needed stimulation.
  • wireless charging systems can supply energy to the implantable device, equipped with a charger, to recharge the batteries.
  • a charger or energy source includes a charging coil configured to inductively transfer wireless energy by inducing voltage in a receiving coil of an implantable device.
  • Wireless charging, and specifically inductive charging typically requires a small distance, e.g., a few centimeters, between the charger and the device to be charged, but allows an implantable device to be recharged without surgery or removal from the user’s body. Because of the short-range charging distance, and since charging is faster and more efficient when the wireless charger and the implantable device are properly aligned, it is advantageous to properly align the two when charging.
  • the system described herein provides closed-loop wireless charging to an implantable device.
  • the closed-loop wireless charging system includes an implantable device, a wireless charger such as an inductive charger described above, and a controller connected to the wireless charger.
  • the controller is included within the same unit as the wireless charger.
  • the implantable device estimates the strength of the received electromagnetic (“EM”) charging field using known electrical parameters or signals within the implantable device.
  • the implantable device includes a rectifier to rectify the received EM energy and the implantable device estimates the strength of the EM field by using a model of the implantable device and the voltage and current at the rectifier.
  • an implantable device is configured to estimate the strength or level of an EM field at the implantable device using electrical signals available within the implantable device, such as voltage and current values through a rectifier of the implantable device.
  • the field estimator estimates not only a present or an actual/detected EM field value, but also estimates a target EM field value for charging a battery of the implantable device.
  • the field estimator calculates the target EM field, representing a target strength of the charging EM field such as a charging EM field value, at the receiving coil of the implantable device value based on a present battery voltage or charge and other factors such as a charging overhead and a charging current value.
  • the implantable device also includes a communication device, which can be used to convey the present and the target EM field values from the implantable device to a controller (e.g., a component of a wireless charger).
  • a controller e.g., a component of a wireless charger.
  • the controller is equipped to receive the present and the target EM field values. Using these present and the target EM field values, the controller controls an EM field driver to produce an EM field that results in a present EM field value that matches the target EM field value.
  • the controller limits, controls, or transmits a signal instructing the wireless charger to control at least one electrical parameter of the EM field driver to influence and control the EM field produced by the EM field driver.
  • a system and method for aligning a wireless charger with an implantable device, after being implanted in a user involves a user placing the wireless charger near a location of the implantable device and moving the wireless charger in response to notifications or feedback from the system to align the wireless charger with respect to the implantable device for charging.
  • the implantable device includes a field estimator as described above to estimate the present and target EM field values based on the current and voltage values within the implantable device, and transmits the present and target EM field values to the controller.
  • the controller and/or the wireless charger contains processors, microprocessors, other circuitry, and/or software to determine whether, based on the present level of current supplied to the EM field driver and the present EM field value, the EM field driver can produce an EM field that will result in a present EM field value matching the target EM field value without exceeding a threshold current level at the EM field driver. If the controller determines it can deliver the required EM field, then a notification is generated indicating that the wireless charger and implantable device are aligned for charging. If the controller determines that the EM field cannot be produced, then a user may continue moving the wireless charger searching for a location where the controller determines it can deliver the required charging EM field. In any event, the controller is also configured to provide a notification, after a predetermined period of time passes without aligning the wireless charger, of a location where the wireless charger can come closest to meeting the field criteria for charging.
  • controlling the wireless charger can result in power savings because the wireless charger and wireless field driver may be controlled to produce EM filed having just enough strength to charge the implantable device battery without wasting additional energy.
  • An additional benefit of the controlled wireless charger is a reduction in heat buildup as a result of the EM field inducing eddy currents in a metal canister of the implantable device.
  • the examples, systems, and methods described herein also maintain a compact implantable device footprint or size while providing additional benefits and efficiency, some of which has been described above.
  • the field estimator and controller may use or connect directly to the electrical components of the implantable device to detect signals and determine estimated and target EM field values without the need to introduce or add additional voltage or current sensors, though in some examples additional sensors such as current and voltage detection circuits may be included.
  • a system 100 for wirelessly charging an implantable device 102 using a charger controller 106 and a wireless charger 104 is shown.
  • the implantable device 102 is in communication over a communication channel 110 with the charger controller 106.
  • the communication channel 110 between the implantable device 102 and the charger controller 106 can include a short-range communication over short-range communication channels, such as Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) channel.
  • BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
  • communicating using a short-range communication such as BLE channel can provide advantages such as consuming less power, being able to communicate across moderate distances, being able to detect levels of proximity, achieving high-level security based on encryption and short ranges, and not requiring pairing for inter-device communications.
  • the implantable device 102 may already be configured to communicate with an external device, and the communication channel 110 may be the communication channel typically used by the implantable device.
  • the charger controller 106 can be a device separate and distinct from the wireless charger 104, or may be built into the wireless charger 104. In any case, the charger controller 106 is able to communicate with the wireless charger 104 to control an EM field 108 produced by the wireless charger 104.
  • the EM field 108 is an EM field produced by an EM field driver, or coil, within the wireless charger 104.
  • the implantable device 102 communicates with the charger controller 106 via the communication channel 110.
  • the implantable device 102 can transmit data and information relating to its operation (e.g., electrical signals of the implantable device 102) to the charger controller 106.
  • the charger controller 106 can use the data and information to control and/or adjust the EM field 108, e.g., to reduce wasted energy, prevent heating of the implantable device, and ensure proper alignment and charging of a battery within the implantable device 102.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the implantable device 102 for use with the systems and methods described herein, according to at least one example.
  • the implantable device 102 includes a canister 150 containing electronics, processors, circuitry, and other components for carrying out the purpose of the implantable device 102.
  • the electronics, processors, circuitry, and other components inside the canister 150 are configured to deliver electrical or pharmaceutical agents or stimuli to a target area in a user.
  • the canister 150 shields the components disposed therein.
  • the canister 150 can be formed from or include a metal or other shielding material or arrangement, e.g., a wire mesh that may provide a Faraday cage.
  • a charging coil, communication device, and other components which must remain unshielded can be arranged within a container 152, which can be formed from a non-metallic material such as plastic.
  • the systems described herein control the charger in a way that conserves energy resources and uses them efficiently. This is achieved, at least in part, by the charger controller 106 controlling the wireless charger 104 to produce a EM field 108 that is considerate of the conditions in which the implantable device 102 is present. Because of this, an intensity of the EM field 108 is selected that is sufficient to charge the battery of the implantable device 102 and mitigates or eliminates energy waste and losses and prevents heating the canister 150.
  • the implantable device 102 is intended to be implanted inside the body of a user, it is beneficial to keep the size and/or the footprint of the implantable device 102 as small as possible.
  • This size limitation otherwise excludes the use or inclusion of additional components to perform tasks such as magnetic or charging field detection should be because of the associated increase in size or footprint of the implantable device 102.
  • a EM field detector can be implemented to accomplish field strength measurement, and relayed to the charger controller 106 for controlling the wireless charger 104 and EM field 108, however, the additional components, such as the field detector, occupy space and would increase the footprint of the implantable device 102.
  • the systems and methods described herein resolve the footprint problem and do not increase the size of the implantable device 102 by using electrical signals contained within the implantable device to estimate the EM field strength based on an electrical model of the implantable device 102.
  • FIG 3 shows a diagram of an example wireless charging control system 101 including the implantable device 102 and the wireless charger 104, according to at least one example.
  • the implantable device 102 includes components for a typical
  • the wireless charger 104 includes a power source, control systems, communication systems, a EM field driver, and an inductive coil for producing a charging field.
  • the implantable device 102 includes a receiving coil 138, a rectifier 112, an overvoltage protection shunt 114, a linear battery charger 116, a battery 118, an implantable device controller 120, and an implantable device communication device 122.
  • the receiving coil 138 receives a transmitted charging field such as a EM field, which induces a current in the receiving coil 138.
  • the rectifier 112, which is electrically connected to the receiving coil 138 receives an alternating current induced in the receiving coil 138 and converts the current into a direct current which is better suited for charging the battery 118 of the implantable device 102.
  • the rectifier 112 may include a number of components in a rectifying circuit such as those shown and described with respect to Figure 5 below.
  • An overvoltage protection shunt 114 is provided for instances where an input voltage exceeds a maximum or threshold voltage at the rectifier 112. This may occur due to an excessively powerful EM field produced by the wireless charger or by other conditions (e.g., short circuits).
  • the rectifier 112 provides direct current to the linear battery charger 116, which charges the battery 118 of the implantable device 102.
  • the implantable device controller 120 which can control the function of the implantable device 102 as well as perform methods and tasks described herein, receives inputs from the rectifier 112, the linear battery charger 116, and the implantable device
  • the implantable device controller 120 can use these inputs to estimate a present EM field value and a target EM field value.
  • the present EM field value represents the EM field experienced at the receiving coil 138.
  • the target EM field value represents the EM field value needed or desired to charge the battery 118. The methods and processes for determining the present EM field value and the target EM field value are discussed below with reference to Figures 5 and 6.
  • the implantable device communication device 122 is configured to communicate over a communication channel (e.g., the communication channel 110) with a charger communication device 124, to convey the present and target EM field values as well as other data or information relating to alignment or function of the implantable device 102.
  • the implantable device communication device 122 can include a transceiver capable of receiving and transmitting data with the charger communication device 124 and/or other communication devices.
  • the implantable device communication device may be a BLE antenna, or other shot-range communication antenna.
  • the implantable device controller 120 and/or the charger controller 106 may include a processor or processors.
  • the processor includes a computer- readable medium, such as a random access memory (RAM) coupled to the processor.
  • RAM random access memory
  • the processor executes computer-executable program instructions stored in memory, such as executing one or more computer programs.
  • processors may include a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and state machines.
  • Such processors may further include programmable electronic devices such as PLCs, programmable interrupt controllers (PICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), programmable read-only memories (PROMs), electronically programmable read-only memories (EPROMs or EEPROMs), or other similar devices.
  • PLCs programmable interrupt controllers
  • PLDs programmable logic devices
  • PROMs programmable read-only memories
  • EPROMs or EEPROMs electronically programmable read-only memories
  • Such processors may include, or may be in communication with, media, for example non-transitory computer-readable storage media, that may store instructions that, when executed by the processor, can cause the processor to perform the processes described herein as carried out, or assisted, by a processor.
  • Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, an electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage device capable of providing a processor, such as the processor in a web server, with computer-readable instructions.
  • Other examples of media include, but are not limited to, a floppy disk, CD-ROM, magnetic disk, memory chip, ROM, RAM, ASIC, configured processor, all optical media, all magnetic tape or other magnetic media, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read.
  • the processor, and the processing, described may be in one or more structures, and may be dispersed through one or more structures.
  • the processor may include code for carrying out one or more of the methods (or parts of methods) described herein.
  • the wireless charger 104 including the charger controller 106.
  • the blocks shown within the dashed lines making up the implantable device 102 and/or the wireless charger 104 represent elements or objects typically contained within each respective component.
  • Each component of the implantable device 102 and the wireless charger 104 are simplified and represented by individual blocks or elements though each may include multiple parts or components and/or one physical object or component may perform tasks or functions associated with one or more blocks. It should be appreciated, however, the because certain components are shown within a common dashed boundary, there is no requirement that such components be part of the same physical device. Rather, the components of the implantable device or the wireless charger 104 may be incorporated into one or more separate devices. For example as shown in Figure 1, the charger controller 106 and the wireless charger 104 may be separate discrete devices.
  • the wireless charging control system 101 is shown as a simplified block diagram including components typically contained within the implantable device 102 such as the receiving coil 138, rectifier 112, overvoltage protection shunt 114, battery 118, linear battery charger 116, implantable device controller 120, and implantable device communication device 122.
  • the charger communication device 124 is in communication with the charger controller 106 to communicate with the implantable device 102 (e.g., via the implantable device communication device 122). For example, such information can relate to the present and target EM field values, alignment data, or other information from the implantable device 102.
  • the wireless charger 104 also includes a power management system 126 and a
  • the power management system 126 is configured to regulate power or electrical current flowing to the EM field driver 128 and the transmitting coil 140.
  • the EM field driver 128 is configured as an inductive single-coil or multi-coil charger.
  • the EM field driver 128 and wireless charger 104 may be a wireless charger following a standard known to those in the art.
  • the standards may include or be similar to a Qi inductive standard, A4WP standard, PMA standard, or any other suitable standard relating to wireless charging, either with or without a standard method of field regulation.
  • the wireless charger 104 may operate at a frequency in a range of 110-205 kHz.
  • the wireless charger 104 may also be a magnetic resonance charger or other form of wireless charging such as ultrasonic charging.
  • the wireless charger 104 may be powered by a power source 130 such as a battery or other power source such as a USB-c or other corded power supply.
  • the charger controller 106 is configured to control or alter electrical signals or power going to the power management system 126. For example, the charger controller 106 may increase or decrease a current flow at or through the power management system 126. For example, the charger controller 106 may instruct the power management system 126 to provide a greater or lesser level of electrical current to a EM field driver 128. The change in electrical current directed to the EM field driver 128 causes a EM field produced by the EM field driver 128 to increase or decrease in strength.
  • Figure 4 shows an example wireless charging control system 101, according to at least one example.
  • the implantable device 102 includes similar elements to those described above with respect to Figure 3, including an overvoltage protection shunt 114, a rectifier 112, a receiving coil a linear battery charger 116, a battery 118.
  • Figure 4 also shows the implantable device 102 including an electronic load 134 which may be the circuitry, programming, processors, or other components to implement a primary function of the implantable device 102 such as neuromodulation.
  • the implantable device 102 also includes a field estimator 132, which may also be configured with a communication capability, or may communicate with a communication device 122 as described above.
  • the field estimator 132 may be part of the implantable device controller 120 described above, or may be a separate component. In one example, the field estimator 132 is functionally carried out by a portion of an implantable device controller 120 to avoid introduction of additional components or elements into the implantable device 102.
  • the field estimator 132 uses current values and voltage values from the rectifier 112 or other components of the implantable device 102 to estimate a present EM field value representing a strength of the charging EM field at the receiving coil 138.
  • the field estimator 132 further uses a voltage of the battery 118, a present battery voltage, and a charging current value to estimate a target EM field value representing a target strength of the charging EM field, such as a charging EM field value at the receiving coil 138.
  • the wireless charger 104 with a charger controller 106 is configured to control the EM field driver 128 to change the EM field strength and cause the present EM field value to approach and/or equal the target EM field value at the receiving coil 138. In some examples, this may achieved through continuous feedback and input from the field estimator 132.
  • the feedback and input from the field estimator may be received or transmitted at varying rates, for example in some instances the feedback may be transmitted from the implantable device communication device at a rate of about 10 samples/second. Other sample rates are contemplated and will be understood and appreciated by those of skill in the art. In some examples, the sample rate may range from about 100 samples/second to several seconds per sample.
  • the charger controller 106 may also include the power management system 126 described in
  • the charger controller 106 is also configured to carry out alignment processes based on the data received from the field estimator 132.
  • the charger controller 106 is configured to compare a current level flowing via the EM field driver 128 to transmitting coil 140 with a present EM field value at the receiving coil 138 as estimated by the field estimator 132.
  • the charger controller 106 is further configured to use this comparison to extrapolate whether the wireless charger 104 can produce a EM field resulting in a present EM field value at the implantable device 102 at least equal to the target EM field value.
  • the charger controller 106 is configured to make the extrapolation based on the current location of the wireless charger 104 and a maximum or threshold current compared to a present current delivered to the EM field driver 128.
  • the wireless charger 104 may serve as part of an alignment system for the wireless charger 104 and the implantable device 102, to ensure proper alignment for efficient charging.
  • the wireless charger 104 may be considered substantially aligned with the implantable device 102.
  • the wireless charger 104 also includes a notification device 136 to provide a notification to a user of the system either that the wireless charger 104 is in a location or position appropriate for charging.
  • the notification device 136 may also inform the user that the location or position is not appropriate for charging, or to continue to move the wireless charger 104 to find an appropriate location.
  • the notification device may indicate to the user that a current location may be adequate for a“best effort” charging mode described below but may not be adequate to provide a EM field resulting in the target current and voltage at the rectifier of the implantable device 102.
  • FIG. 5 shows a simplified electrical model 200 of an implantable device 102 that may be used to determine the present EM field value as described above, according to at least one example.
  • the electrical model 200 is a simplified model of the implantable device 102 showing a representative voltage source 202 to represent a voltage induced in the receiving coil 138, a coil 210 for the inductance of the receiving coil 138, and a resistor 208 for the resistance of the receiving coil 138.
  • the electrical model is simplified, and therefore does not represent every component of the implantable device but serves to provide a simplified model which can be used to calculate the value of the representative voltage source 202.
  • VH is related to the magnetic field (often represented as the vector H), and is associated with the representative voltage source 202 is directly proportional to the intensity of the EM field coupled to the receiving coil 138.
  • VH therefore serves as a variable representative of the intensity of the EM field, sometimes referred to as the received EM field intensity, received by the receiving coil 138 which is the same field produced by the EM field driver 128.
  • the value of VH may be determined by any method or technique typically used to resolve or solve for unknown values within circuits. For example, the Node-voltage method and mesh-current method may be used to analyze the simplified electrical model 200.
  • Some components of the electrical model 200 represent other components of the implantable device, such as the rectifier 112.
  • a voltage value associated with the rectifier 112 may be measured or detected between a location 206 and the signal ground 212.
  • the current source 204 represents the current Irectifier at or through the rectifier 112.
  • Irectifier may include or be determined based on a battery current and an overvoltage protection shunt current, the former representing the current flow at the battery 118 and the latter representing a current flow to the overvoltage protection shunt 114.
  • the value of Irect er may be determined by any method or technique typically used to resolve or solve for unknown values within circuits. For example, the Node-voltage method and mesh-current method may be used to analyze the simplified electrical model 200.
  • Some signals such as the battery current, shunt current, and rectifier voltage may be known signals within the implantable device 102, and already be monitored, measured, or otherwise known by the implantable device controller 120, e.g., for maintenance or monitoring of the implantable device.
  • One benefit of using the electrical model 200 to determine VH as a representation of the EM field strength is that no additional components must be added to the implantable device 102, thereby maintaining as small of a footprint as possible.
  • the electrical model 200 may be used directly or indirectly with the known signals rectifier current and rectifier voltage to determine VH.
  • the electrical model may be input into a software program or otherwise programmed into memory to provide continuous monitoring and output of VH based on the instantaneous and/or historical data for the rectifier voltage and current.
  • the electrical model 200 may be used to generate data sets or tables of VH values for various combinations of rectifier voltage and current.
  • the electrical model 200 may be used to generate a Simulated Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) simulation to generate data which may be used with the systems and methods described herein.
  • SPICE Simulated Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis
  • experimental observation and/or analytical methods may provide a model or data for use with the methods and systems herein.
  • Figure 6 shows a chart 300 displaying data representing VH as a result of rectifier current 302 and rectifier voltage 304 values, according to at least one example.
  • the data displayed in the chart 300 is generated or computed using the electrical model 200 of Figure 5. For example, using known capacitance, resistor, and inductance values for the additional elements of the electrical model 200, varying values of Irectifier at the current source 204 and voltage at location 206 are input to the model and used to solve for VH values.
  • Each line or data set 306 is associated with a different estimated VH value. Estimating or determining VH may be performed by one or more processors of the implantable device, such as the implantable device controller 120. In some examples, the estimated VH value representing the present EM field value is conveyed to the wireless charger 104 rather than raw data.
  • target EM field data (described below) is conveyed rather than raw data to allow interchangeability of wireless chargers. For example, by conveying only a scalar representing a EM field strength and a scalar representing a target EM field strength, any charger may be outfitted with a controller to adjust or control the EM field driver 128.
  • the electrical model 200 and the chart 300 are also used to determine or estimate a target EM field value VHTarget.
  • the electrical values used to determine VHTarget include a present voltage of the battery 118, an overhead voltage (which may be static or dynamic), and a charging current.
  • the overhead voltage and charging current may be predetermined or previously selected based on desired charging parameters.
  • the same data, chart, or model may be used by the field estimator 132 to determine or estimate VHTarget.
  • the implantable device communication device 122 conveys or transmits the VH and VHTarget values to the charger communication device 124 and the charger controller 106.
  • the charger controller 106 uses the VHTarget and VH values with a conventional control architecture or system to control the inputs to the EM field driver 128.
  • FIG. 7 is an example controller 400 that may be used with the systems and methods described herein.
  • the controller 400 is an example of the controller 106
  • the controller 400 is structured and implemented as conventional controllers are within the system.
  • the inputs to the control portion 406 include Virrarget 402 and VH404.
  • Virrarget is the desired set point of the controller, with VH as the measured process value.
  • the difference between Virrarget and VH is an error value to which the control portion 406 applies proportional, integral, and derivative correction terms in the case of a proportional, integral, and differential controller (“PID”).
  • PID proportional, integral, and differential controller
  • the control variable output by the control portion 406 passes through a saturation block 408 to ensure the output is limited to the possible range of control variables.
  • the control variable determines or controls a current level passing from the power source 130 to the EM field driver 128.
  • the wireless charger 104 produces the EM field 108 using the controlled current level described above and the new Virrarget and VH values are fed into the controller 400 continuously.
  • a PID controller has been described above, other control systems may be implemented in place of the controller shown in Figure 7, including neural networks, proportional, proportional-integral, derivative, integral, or any other suitable control system available.
  • the controller 400 described above may be implemented as a standalone unit, or may be contained within or connected to a wireless charger.
  • the controller 400 may provide signals to a wireless charger to alter a current or voltage supplied to the EM field driver. In other examples, the controller 400 may directly limit, increase, decrease, or otherwise control the current or voltage supplied to the EM field driver.
  • the charger controller 106 is to be understood to include both the standalone controller 400 in communication with the wireless charger as well as the wireless charger with the controller 400 integrated or connected thereto.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate example flow diagram showing processes 800 and 900, according to this specification. These processes, and any other suitable processes described herein, is illustrated as logical flow diagrams, each operation of which represents a sequence of operations that can be implemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combination thereof.
  • the operations may represent computer- executable instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the recited operations.
  • computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures and the like that perform particular functions or implement particular data types.
  • the order in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operations can be combined in any order and/or in parallel to implement the processes.
  • any, or all of the processes described herein may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with specific executable instructions and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) executing collectively on one or more processors, by hardware, or combinations thereof.
  • code e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications
  • the code may be stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, for example, in the form of a computer program including a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors.
  • FIG. 8 shows a block diagram outlining the process 800 for controlling a wireless charging system, according to at least one example.
  • the process begins at block 802 with the controller of the implant measuring or otherwise detecting electrical parameters of the implantable device 102.
  • the implantable device controller 120 measures or otherwise detects the electrical parameters of the implantable device 102.
  • the implantable device controller 120 may be directly connected to the rectifier 112 to detect or determine the electrical parameters, such as the current and voltage, at the rectifier 112.
  • the implantable device controller may be connected to voltage and current sensors which measure or determine the current and voltage at the rectifier 112.
  • Some of the parameters that may be determined or measured include, for example, the battery voltage, battery charging current, battery voltage overhead, shunt current, battery current, and rectifier voltage.
  • the process 800 estimates a present EM field value at the implantable device.
  • the implantable device controller 120 estimates the present EM field value using a software module, data table, table of information or data, chart, or electrical model as described above.
  • the implantable device controller may include a field estimator which uses a simplified electrical model, such as the one in FIG. 5 and implement a circuit analysis such as the mesh current method, node-voltage method, or any other suitable method known to those in the art for doing circuit analysis.
  • the field estimator 132 estimates the present EM field value using soflware modules and/or other methods described herein.
  • the present EM field value is estimated at the receiving coil 138.
  • the present EM field value may include, for example, a scalar that represents the magnitude of the EM field 108 at the receiving coil 138.
  • the process 800 includes determining the target EM field value at the implantable device 102.
  • the implantable device controller 120 and/or the field estimator estimates the target EM field value using software, data tables, charts, or electrical models as described above.
  • the implantable device controller may include a field estimator which uses a simplified electrical model, such as the one in FIG. 5 and implement a circuit analysis such as the mesh current method, node-voltage method, or any other suitable method known to those in the art for doing circuit analysis.
  • the target EM field value may be determined or calculated by detecting a voltage of the battery 118 and adding a charging overhead, which may be predetermined.
  • the target EM field value represents a target magnitude of the EM field 108 at the receiving coil 138.
  • the target EM field value is based on the desired charging parameters of the battery 118 which may be
  • Blocks 804 and 806 may be interchanged, to be performed in a reverse order in some examples. Additionally, blocks 804 and 806 may be performed by the implantable device controller simultaneously.
  • the process 800 includes transmitting the present EM field value and the target EM field value to a controller of a wireless charger (e.g., the charger controller 106) for controlling the EM field driver to produce a charging field.
  • a controller of a wireless charger e.g., the charger controller 106
  • the transmission from the implantable device to the controller may be accomplished via short range communications such as BLE.
  • the process 800 includes controlling the EM field driver to produce a charging field.
  • the charger controller 106 controls or regulates the current and/or voltage supplied to the EM field driver 128.
  • the target EM field value and the present EM field value, Virrarget and VH are used to control the EM field driver 128.
  • Block 808 may include multiple sub-processes.
  • the implantable device controller 120 conveys, via the implantable device communication device 122, VHTarget and VH to the charger communication device 124 and the charger communication device 124 conveys VHTarget and VH to the charger controller 106 to control the EM field driver 128.
  • the process 800 is an iterative process repeatedly performed either at the initiation or throughout a charging cycle.
  • the VHTarget and VH values are re-estimated, for example at a rate at or near 1 Hz, and updated at the implantable device 102 by the implantable device controller 120 and subsequently conveyed, via the implantable device communication device 122 and the charger communication device 124 to the charger controller 106 for use in controlling the current to the EM field driver 128.
  • the sample rate of the VHTarget and VH values may be faster or slower than 1 Hz, depending on the power fluctuations at the load.
  • FIG. 9 shows a block diagram outlining the process 900 for aligning and initiating charging of an implantable device, according to at least one example.
  • the process 900 begins at block 902 by producing a beacon field.
  • the beacon field is produced using a beacon current through the EM field driver 128 and transmitting coil 140.
  • the EM field driver 128 of a wireless charger 104 produces the beacon field.
  • the beacon field is a EM field, typically of a lower power or intensity, not intended for charging the battery of the implantable device, though a full power or intensity field is functional as well.
  • Block 904A the process 900 includes receiving a beacon EM field value from the implantable device 102.
  • the beacon EM field value is sent by the implantable device communication device 122 to the charger communication device 124.
  • the beacon EM field value is relayed to the charger controller 106 from the charger communication device 124.
  • the beacon EM field value is determined as described herein, and may be estimated by the field estimator 132 and/or the implantable device controller 120.
  • the process 900 includes receiving a target EM field value from the implantable device 102.
  • the target EM field value is sent to the charger communication device 124 by the implantable device communication device 122.
  • the charger communication device 124 relays the target EM field value to the charger controller 106.
  • the target EM field value is determiner or estimated as described above by the field estimator 132.
  • the process 900 includes determining whether the wireless charger can produce a charging EM field.
  • the determination, made by the charger controller 106 includes whether the wireless charger 104 at its current location on the user’s body can produce a EM field 108 that will cause or result in a VH at or above the VHTarget.
  • the charger controller 106 accomplishes this determination by comparing the beacon current to a predetermined threshold maximum current that can pass through the EM field driver 128 to produce the EM field 108 and also comparing the VHB with VHTarget.
  • the charger controller 106 determines that the wireless charger 104 may produce the desired EM field 108 when a ratio of VHB to VHTarget correlates with a ratio of the beacon current to the maximum threshold current.
  • other factors, such as scalar multipliers or exponentials may be used in the determination to more accurately scale between a current value and a field strength, which may not increase and/or decrease with a ril proportion.
  • the process 900 generates an alignment notification. If the charger controller 106 determines that a charging EM field 108 is possible at the current location at block 906, the charger controller 106 generates a notification at block 908 to a user that the implantable device 102 and wireless charger 104 are aligned for charging. The charger controller 106 may relay the notification to a notification device for alerting or notifying a user.
  • the charger controller 106 may generate a notification to the user to move the wireless charger 104 to find a better alignment position.
  • the process 900 can be iterative to aid a user in aligning the wireless charger 104 with the implantable device 102 without requiring perfect alignment.
  • the notification to the user to move the wireless charger may provide direction or guidance with respect to which direction to move the charger or may simply instruct the user to move the charger without further information.
  • the guidance or direction may be in the form of a graphical user interface (“GUI”) with an arrow or other indication of which direction the charger should be moved.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the controller more specifically a processor of the controller may determine the direction based on historical mapping of wireless field data as the charger has been moved on the user. For example, a user may place the charger in a first location to attempt charging, but not be in a suitable location or range for charging at that location.
  • the charger may include location sensors, such as optical sensors, proximity sensors, gyroscopes, GPS, or other suitable sensors generally known in the art for providing location data.
  • the user may move the charger one or many times, with the controller storing data related to the beacon EM field at each location.
  • a user may attempt to align the wireless charger 104 and the implantable device 102 for a period of time without success.
  • the charger controller 106 and/or wireless charger 104 may track locations associated with various VHB values as the user moves the charger seeking alignment. After a predetermined period of time, the wireless charger 104 and/or charger controller 106 may determine to enter a best effort mode for charging using the location associated with the highest VHB. The charger controller 106 may then generate a notification through the notification device 136 instructing the user to return to the location associated with the highest VHB. In some examples, the charger controller 106 may store or instruct a computing device to store previous field values, such as VHB.
  • the notification device 136 may notify the user using a haptic notification, visual notification, audible notification, or any other suitable notification method.
  • the charger controller 106 may instruct the notification device 136 to display an arrow indicating a direction to move the charger to return to a location associated with the highest VHB in the best effort mode described above.
  • the notification device 136 may provide different tones, frequency, patterns, or other modulations of notifications based on a quality of alignment. The quality of alignment may be based on the Verarget and VHB values.
  • a VHB that the charger controller 106 determines will be able to produce a VHTarget with less current passing through the EM field driver 128 may have a higher quality of alignment and the notification device 136 may increase a frequency or a tone of audible notification based on the higher alignment quality to help a user identify a better alignment location.
  • Reference herein to an example or implementation means that a particular feature, structure, operation, or other characteristic described in connection with the example may be included in at least one implementation of the disclosure.
  • the disclosure is not restricted to the particular examples or implementations described as such.
  • the appearance of the phrases“in one example,”“in an example,”“in one implementation,” or“in an implementation,” or variations of the same in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same example or implementation.
  • Any particular feature, structure, operation, or other characteristic described in this specification in relation to one example or implementation may be combined with other features, structures, operations, or other characteristics described in respect of any other example or implementation.
  • a or B or C includes any or all of the following alternative combinations as appropriate for a particular usage: A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B only; A and C only; B and C only; and all three of A and B and C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système pour charger sans fil un dispositif implantable. Le système peut comprendre un dispositif ou composant d'estimation qui estime une intensité de champ au niveau d'une bobine de réception du dispositif implantable sur la base de signaux électriques disponibles à l'intérieur du dispositif implantable. Le système peut également comprendre un système de commande pour faire varier une intensité d'un champ de charge produit par un chargeur. Le système peut également être utilisé pour aligner un chargeur sans fil sur le dispositif implantable pour charger une batterie du dispositif implantable. L'invention porte également sur des procédés et sur des dispositifs pour mettre en œuvre le système de charge.
PCT/US2020/014362 2019-01-29 2020-01-21 Système de commande pour charge électrique sans fil et alignement WO2020159748A1 (fr)

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US17/423,990 US20220103023A1 (en) 2019-01-29 2020-01-21 Control system for wireless power charging and alignment
EP20748951.9A EP3917613A4 (fr) 2019-01-29 2020-01-21 Système de commande pour charge électrique sans fil et alignement
CN202080011572.3A CN113365693A (zh) 2019-01-29 2020-01-21 用于无线充电和对准的控制系统

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US62/798,055 2019-01-29

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CN114204699A (zh) 2020-09-18 2022-03-18 意法半导体有限公司 Nfc充电
FR3114472B1 (fr) * 2020-09-18 2022-12-09 St Microelectronics Ltd Charge NFC

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EP3917613A1 (fr) 2021-12-08
CN113365693A (zh) 2021-09-07
EP3917613A4 (fr) 2022-10-12

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