WO2020156584A1 - 前端处理器的自动切换系统及方法 - Google Patents

前端处理器的自动切换系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020156584A1
WO2020156584A1 PCT/CN2020/075373 CN2020075373W WO2020156584A1 WO 2020156584 A1 WO2020156584 A1 WO 2020156584A1 CN 2020075373 W CN2020075373 W CN 2020075373W WO 2020156584 A1 WO2020156584 A1 WO 2020156584A1
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Prior art keywords
external device
slave
driver
master
end processor
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李建国
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to BR112021015316-0A priority Critical patent/BR112021015316B1/pt
Priority to US17/428,146 priority patent/US11874786B2/en
Publication of WO2020156584A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020156584A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G06F11/202—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant
    • G06F11/2023—Failover techniques
    • G06F11/2033—Failover techniques switching over of hardware resources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/40—Bus structure
    • G06F13/4004—Coupling between buses
    • G06F13/4022—Coupling between buses using switching circuits, e.g. switching matrix, connection or expansion network
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/22—Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing
    • G06F11/2205—Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing using arrangements specific to the hardware being tested
    • G06F11/221—Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing using arrangements specific to the hardware being tested to test buses, lines or interfaces, e.g. stuck-at or open line faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/22—Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing
    • G06F11/26—Functional testing
    • G06F11/263—Generation of test inputs, e.g. test vectors, patterns or sequences ; with adaptation of the tested hardware for testability with external testers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an automatic switching system and method of a front-end processor.
  • FEP Front End Processor
  • FEP usually refers to a computer in a larger computer system that is located at the front end of the system host and plays the role of an intermediary. It is used to manage ISCS (Integrated Supervisory Control System, integrated monitoring of urban rail transit).
  • ISCS Integrated Supervisory Control System, integrated monitoring of urban rail transit.
  • the system referred to as the integrated monitoring system for short) and the interface of the integrated and interconnected system, has the ability to convert various hardware interfaces and software protocols, and can effectively isolate the ISCS from the data of the integrated and interconnected systems.
  • the front-end processor usually adopts a redundant configuration.
  • This application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related technology at least to a certain extent.
  • the first purpose of this application is to propose a front-end processor automatic switching system, which can effectively avoid data loss due to abnormal working status of the main front-end processor.
  • a real-time effective instant start solution Effectively ensure the integrity of data collection, thereby improving the reliability of communication.
  • the second purpose of this application is to propose a front-end processor.
  • the third purpose of this application is to propose an automatic switching method for front-end processors.
  • an embodiment of the present application proposes an automatic switching system for a front-end processor, including: at least one external device; a front-end processor component, the front-end processor component is connected to the at least one external device,
  • the front-end processor component includes a master front-end processor and at least one slave front-end processor, wherein the master front-end processor includes a main memory, a master IO manager, and at least one master driver, and the at least one slave front-end processor includes A slave memory, a slave IO manager and at least one slave driver; wherein the front-end processor component provides services through the main memory, the master IO manager, the slave memory and the slave IO manager pair, And is connected to the at least one external device through at least one master driver and at least one slave driver, and the front-end processor component is used for when the communication link between the at least one master driver and the at least one external device fails, Use at least one of the slave drivers as a new master driver to send a control instruction to the at least one external device and
  • up-on refers to the unit that needs to receive data
  • down-on refers to external data source equipment that uses the same communication protocol as this system, which can be a monitored subsystem such as an automatic ticketing system.
  • the slave drive when the communication link between the main drive and at least one external device fails, the slave drive is used as a new main drive, and data collection is performed on at least one external device through the new main drive And control instructions are sent to effectively avoid data loss due to the abnormal working state of the main front-end processor.
  • the integrity of data collection is effectively guaranteed, and the reliability of communication is improved.
  • the automatic switching system of the front-end processor may also have the following additional technical features:
  • the main memory is used to store data sent by the at least one external device; the at least one main driver is used to send control instructions to the at least one external device to collect all data The data of the at least one external device; the main IO manager is used to control the at least one main driver according to a communication management instruction, and receive status information of the at least one external device.
  • the slave memory synchronizes data from the main memory of the master front-end processor; the slave IO manager is used to control the at least one slave driver according to the channel diagnosis instruction, and pass At least one of the at least one master driver and at least one slave driver sends a channel diagnostic instruction to the at least one external device, the at least one external device generates a diagnostic packet according to the channel diagnostic instruction, and the slave IO manager It is also used for receiving the status information of the at least one external device and synchronizing data with the master IO manager; the at least one slave driver is used for receiving the diagnostic packet sent by the at least one external device, according to the The diagnostic package diagnoses whether the communication link between the master front-end processor and the at least one external device, and the communication link between the slave front-end processor and the at least one external device is faulty.
  • the master driver When the master driver and the slave driver simultaneously send channel diagnostic instructions to the at least one external device, the master driver shall prevail.
  • the master IO manager is further configured to receive device offline information of the at least one external device fed back by at least one of the at least one master driver and the at least one slave driver, and pass the At least one of the at least one master driver and the at least one slave driver sends a channel diagnosis instruction to the at least one external device.
  • the slave memory when the communication link between the master front-end processor and the at least one external device fails, the slave memory communicates with the at least one slave driver to store the at least one Data of an external device, and the slave memory and the main memory synchronize data with each other.
  • the main memory and the at least one The main drive communicates to store data of the at least one external device.
  • the at least one external device includes a first external device and a second external device
  • the communication link between the main front-end processor and the first external device fails
  • the slave memory communicates with the at least one slave drive to store data of the first external device
  • the main memory communicates with the at least one slave drive.
  • a master drive communicates to store data of the second external device, and the slave memory and the master memory synchronize data with each other.
  • the master front-end processor and the at least one slave front-end processor collect data at the same time.
  • At least one of the master drivers includes a first master driver and a second master driver
  • at least one of the slave drivers includes a first slave driver and a second slave driver.
  • the first slave memory communicates with the first slave driver to store data of the at least one external device
  • the slave memory communicates with the The main storage synchronizes data with each other, and when the communication link between the first slave drive and the at least one external device fails, the main storage communicates with the first main drive to store the at least one external device The data.
  • the at least one external device includes a first external device and a second external device, the communication link between the first main driver and the first external device fails, and the When the communication link between the second slave driver and the second external device fails, the first slave memory communicates with the first slave driver to store the data of the first external device, and the main memory communicates with the The second master drive communicates to store data of the second external device, and the slave memory and the master memory synchronize data with each other.
  • an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application proposes a front-end processor, including a master front-end processor and a slave front-end processor, where:
  • the main front-end processor includes: a main memory for storing data sent by the at least one external device; and the at least one main driver for sending a control instruction to the at least one external device to collect the at least one Data of an external device; a main IO manager, used to control the at least one main driver according to a communication management instruction, and receive status information of the at least one external device;
  • the slave front-end processor includes: a slave memory for synchronizing data from the main memory of the master front-end processor; at least one slave driver for receiving a diagnostic packet sent by the at least one external device to perform The diagnostic package diagnoses whether the communication link between the master front-end processor and the at least one external device, and the communication link between the slave front-end processor and the at least one external device is faulty; the slave IO manager uses To control the at least one slave driver according to the channel diagnostic instruction, and send the channel diagnostic instruction to the at least one external device through at least one of the at least one master driver and the at least one slave driver, the at least one external device The channel diagnosis instruction generates a diagnosis packet, and the slave IO manager is also used to receive status information of the at least one external device, and to synchronize data with the master IO manager.
  • the front-end processor of the embodiment of the present application when the main drive and at least one external device communication link fails, the slave drive is used as a new main drive, and data collection and control command transmission are performed on at least one external device through the new main drive , Thereby effectively avoiding the situation of data loss due to the abnormal working state of the main front-end processor, and effectively ensuring the integrity of data collection through the real-time and effective instant start scheme, thereby improving the reliability of communication.
  • an embodiment of the third aspect of the present application proposes an automatic switching method of a front-end processor to execute the system described in the above embodiment, wherein the method includes the following steps: through the main memory, the The master IO manager, the slave memory, and the slave IO manager pair provide services; connect to the at least one external device through at least one master driver and at least one slave driver pair; connect at least one of the master drivers to the When the communication link of at least one of the external devices fails, use at least one of the slave drivers as a new master driver to send control instructions to the at least one external device and collect data of the at least one external device.
  • the slave drive is used as the new main drive, and data collection is performed on at least one external device through the new main drive And control instructions are sent to effectively avoid data loss due to the abnormal working state of the main front-end processor.
  • the integrity of data collection is effectively guaranteed, and the reliability of communication is improved.
  • the automatic switching method of the front-end processor according to the foregoing embodiment of the present application may also have the following additional technical features:
  • the method further includes: storing data sent by the at least one external device through a main memory; and sending a control instruction to the at least one external device through the at least one main driver to collect the Data of at least one external device; controlling the at least one main driver according to a communication management instruction through the main IO manager, and receiving status information of the at least one external device.
  • the method further includes: synchronizing data from the main memory of the main front-end processor through a slave memory; and using the at least one slave driver to receive the diagnostic package sent by the at least one external device, To diagnose whether the communication link between the master front-end processor and the at least one external device and the communication link between the slave front-end processor and the at least one external device are faulty according to the diagnostic package;
  • the IO manager controls the at least one slave driver according to the channel diagnosis instruction, and sends the channel diagnosis instruction to the at least one external device through at least one of the at least one master driver and the at least one slave driver, and the at least one external device
  • a diagnostic package is generated according to the channel diagnostic instruction, and the status information of the at least one external device is received through the slave IO manager, and data is synchronized with the master IO manager.
  • the method further includes: receiving the device offline information of the at least one external device fed back by at least one of the at least one master driver and the at least one slave driver through the master IO manager, and passing At least one of the at least one master driver and the at least one slave driver sends a channel diagnosis instruction to the at least one external device.
  • it further includes: when the master front-end processor detects that the communication link between the master front-end processor and the at least one external device fails, communicating with the slave memory through the At least one slave drive communicates to store data of the at least one external device, and the slave memory and the main memory synchronize data with each other.
  • the method further includes: when the communication link between the slave front-end processor and the at least one external device fails, communicating with the at least one master drive through the main memory to store Data of the at least one external device.
  • the at least one external device includes a first external device and a second external device, and the communication link between the main front-end processor and the first external device fails, And when the communication link between the slave front-end processor and the second external device fails, the slave memory communicates with the at least one slave driver to store the data of the first external device, and the main memory communicates with The at least one master drive communicates to store data of the second external device, and the slave memory and the master memory synchronize data with each other.
  • the method further includes: when the communication link between the master front-end processor and the at least one slave front-end processor fails, the master front-end processor and the at least one slave front-end processor At the same time, collecting data of the at least one external device and sending a control instruction to the at least one external device.
  • At least one of the master drivers includes a first master driver and a second master driver
  • at least one of the slave drivers includes a first slave driver and a second slave driver
  • the at least one external device includes a first external device and a second external device, and further includes: a communication link failure between the first main driver and the first external device, And when the communication link between the second slave driver and the second external device fails, communicating with the first slave driver through the first slave memory to store the data of the first external device, the The main memory communicates with the second main drive to store data of the second external device, and the slave memory and the main memory synchronize data with each other.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the isolation between the main system and the subsystem of the related technology
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic switching system of a front-end processor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual-layer redundancy single-layer synchronization diagram according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic switching system for a front-end processor according to another embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic switching system of a front-end processor according to a specific embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 is a data flow diagram under a single device failure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a data flow diagram under a single link failure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a data flow diagram of a default slave and device connection failure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a data flow diagram under a cross fault according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a data flow diagram of a communication failure between two machines according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a flowchart of an automatic switching method of a front-end processor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the FEP component is called "interface management service", and its responsibility is to "provide functions such as loading, running, stopping drivers or other interface plug-ins, as well as connecting and disconnecting data source servers. It is a tool for collecting real-time data, such as OPC, Modbus Various standard or non-standard protocols to obtain real-time data of the control system, and write data to the real-time data component and the disk historical data component at the same time.”
  • the integrated monitoring system obtains the data of the integrated and interconnected system through FEP, and at the same time forwards the data and commands of the integrated and interconnected system through FEP.
  • the integrated monitoring system and field equipment are connected in two ways, directly connected and isolated by FEP.
  • the isolation method has the following advantages: the abnormality of the integrated monitoring system will not affect each sub-system.
  • the normal operation of the system and the independent operation of each subsystem ensure the monitoring function at the basic level of the subway.
  • the data interference range of the subsystem can be controlled through FEP isolation.
  • FEP converts the different protocols of each subsystem into a comprehensive monitoring system.
  • the current ISCS system mainly adopts RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks) and data backup methods to obtain data information of external subsystems.
  • RAID greatly improves the data throughput of the storage system by storing and reading data on multiple disks at the same time.
  • many disk drives can transmit data at the same time, and these disk drives are logically one disk drive.
  • RAID fault tolerance is based on the hardware fault tolerance of each disk drive, which is available in many RAID modes More complete measures for mutual verification/recovery, even direct mutual mirroring backup.
  • RAID is abbreviated as Disk Array, which is composed of multiple disks combined into a large-capacity disk group, using at least one disk to provide data addition effects and improve the performance of the entire disk system. But this technology has certain disadvantages:
  • the cost is high.
  • the host environment is damaged, if the configuration cannot be guaranteed to be completely restored, the data in the disk array may not be restored, which brings inconvenience to system failure analysis and historical data query.
  • an embodiment of the present application proposes an automatic switching system for a front-end processor.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic switching system of a front-end processor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the automatic switching system 10 of the front-end processor includes: at least one external device 100 and a front-end processor component (not specifically identified in the figure).
  • the front-end processor assembly is connected to at least one external device 100.
  • the front-end processor assembly includes a master front-end processor 200 and at least one slave front-end processor 300.
  • the master front-end processor 100 includes a main memory 210, at least one main drive 220, and a master.
  • IO manager 230, at least one slave front-end processor 300 includes slave memory 310, at least one slave driver 320, and slave IO manager 330; wherein,
  • the front-end processor component provides services via the main memory 210, the main IO manager 230, the slave memory 310, and the slave IO manager 330, and connects with at least one external device 100 via at least one main driver 220 and at least one slave driver 320. Connected, the front-end processor component is used to use at least one slave driver 220 as a new master driver to send control instructions to at least one external device 100 when the communication link between at least one master driver 220 and at least one external device 100 fails, and Collect data of at least one external device 100.
  • the automatic switching system 10 of the front-end processor is an automatic switching system with double-layer redundancy and single-machine backup.
  • the double-layer redundancy includes server layer redundancy and link layer redundancy. It refers to a layer of redundancy for the front-end processor to provide services.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides services through the main memory 210, the main IO manager 230, the slave memory 310, and the slave IO manager 330;
  • the link layer Redundancy refers to a layer of redundancy used to connect to the downstream device.
  • at least one master driver 220 and at least one slave driver 320 are used to connect the downstream device. Service layer redundancy and link layer redundancy are independent of each other and do not affect each other.
  • the main memory 210 is used to store data sent by at least one external device 100.
  • the at least one main driver 220 is used for sending control instructions to at least one external device 100 to collect data of the at least one external device 100.
  • the main IO manager 230 is configured to control the at least one main driver 220 according to the communication management instruction, and receive the status information of the at least one external device 100.
  • At least one main driver 220 is connected to at least one external device 100 in a one-to-one correspondence, therefore, the specific set number of at least one main driver 220 is set according to the set number of at least one external device 100.
  • the slave memory 310 synchronizes data from the main memory of the master front-end processor 200; at least one slave driver 310 is used to receive a diagnostic packet sent by at least one external device 100 , To diagnose whether the communication link between the main front-end processor 200 and the at least one external device 100 and the communication link between the slave front-end processor 300 and the at least one external device 100 are faulty according to the diagnosis package.
  • the slave IO manager 330 is used to control at least one slave driver 320 according to the channel diagnosis instruction, and receive the status information of at least one external device, and synchronize data with the master IO manager 230, and pass through at least one master driver 220 and at least one slave At least one of the drivers 320 sends a channel diagnostic instruction to at least one external device 100, at least one external device 100 generates a diagnostic packet according to the channel diagnostic instruction, and receives status information of at least one external device 100, and synchronizes with the main IO manager 230 data.
  • the at least one slave driver 310 is connected to the at least one external device 100 in a one-to-one correspondence. Therefore, the specific setting number of the at least one slave driver 310 is set according to the setting number of the at least one external device 100.
  • the automatic switching system 10 for front-end processors in the embodiment of the present application may include a main front-end processor 200 and a slave front-end processor 300, or include a main front-end processor 200 and multiple slave front-end processors 300.
  • main front-end processor 200 and slave front-end processor 300 may include a main front-end processor 200 and multiple slave front-end processors 300.
  • slave front-end processors 300 can set the number of slave front-end processors 300 according to actual conditions, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the following will describe in detail an embodiment in which the front-end processor automatic switching system 10 may include a master front-end processor 200 and a slave front-end processor 300.
  • At least one external device 100 may include a first external device. 110 and the second external device 120
  • at least one master driver 220 may include a first driver, a first master driver 221 and a second driver, a second master driver 222
  • at least one slave driver 320 may include a third driver, a first slave driver 321 and a second driver.
  • the second slave driver 322 with four drivers.
  • the automatic switching system 10 for front-end processors includes: a first external device 110, a second external device 120, a master front-end processor 200, and a slave front-end processor 300.
  • the master front-end processor 200 and the slave front-end processor 300 are both connected to the first external device 110 and the second external device 120.
  • the main front-end processor 200 includes a first main driver 221 and a second main driver 222 respectively connected to the first external device 110 and the second external device 120, and a main main driver connected to the first main driver 221 and the second main driver 222 respectively.
  • the slave front-end processor 300 includes a first slave driver 321 and a second slave driver 322 connected to the first external device 110 and the second external device 120, a slave memory 310, and the first slave driver 321 and the second slave driver respectively. 322 is connected to the slave IO manager 330.
  • the first main driver 221 and the second main driver 222 are used to send control instructions to the first external device 110 and the second external device 120, and to collect data of the first external device 110 and the second external device 120;
  • a slave driver 321 and a second slave driver 322 are used to receive diagnostic packets sent by the first external device 110 and the second external device 120.
  • the first main driver 221 of the first driver and the second main driver 222 of the second driver are respectively responsible for data collection and commands of the first external device 110 and the second external device 120
  • the first driver, the first main driver 221, and the second driver, the second main driver 222 can update the data of the main front-end processor 200, and the main front-end processor 200 issues to the first driver after receiving the control instruction.
  • the main drive 221 and the second drive are the second main drive 222.
  • the first slave driver 321 of the third driver and the second slave driver 322 of the fourth driver only have upstream data, that is, the first slave driver 321 of the third driver and the second slave driver 322 of the fourth driver are only used to receive the first external device 110 and The uplink data sent by the second external device 120 is only used for channel diagnosis. And after the first slave driver 321 of the third driver and the second slave driver 322 of the fourth driver directly discard the diagnostic packets of the first external device 110 and the second external device 120, the first external device 110 and the second external device are placed together. The device 120 is online.
  • the first slave driver 321 and the second slave driver 322 and the slave front-end processor 300 There is no interaction between the first slave driver 321 and the second slave driver 322 and the slave front-end processor 300, that is, the first slave driver 321 and the second slave driver 322 are only used for data redundancy under normal operating conditions. Otherwise, no data upload is performed.
  • the first master driver 221 and the first slave driver 321 maintain data synchronization
  • the second master driver 222 and the second slave driver 322 maintain data synchronization
  • only the first master driver 221 and The data of the second main driver 222 is uploaded to the main front-end processor 200 in real time
  • the slave front-end processor 300 synchronizes real-time data from the main front-end processor 200, thereby ensuring the integrity of the data in the event of a device failure.
  • the front-end processor 300 forwards data operation commands to the main front-end processor 200.
  • the first master driver 221 and the second master driver 222 are defaulted as master channels, and the first slave driver 321 and the second slave driver 322 are defaulted as slave channels.
  • the link default master-slave judgment rules specifically include:
  • the link is the default master.
  • the link weight is a dynamically calculated value that is determined by the online status of the devices under the link. Among them, the more online devices, the greater the weight; the fewer the online devices, the smaller the weight.
  • the actual master and slave of the two redundant links are determined by the weight of the link.
  • the link with the larger weight is the master, and the link with the smaller weight is the slave. If the weights are the same, the link’s Default master and slave.
  • the link weight changes the actual master and slave of the link need to be re-judged; when the slave link cannot be connected to the master link, the slave link directly upgrades to the master link.
  • the main link is responsible for collecting data, and the data is synchronized from the link to the main link, and the data synchronization of the master-slave link can effectively ensure the integrity of the data when the redundant communication link occurs cross failure.
  • the embodiments of the present application also support conflict diagnosis of serial links.
  • the embodiment of the application also supports the forced substitution of the master-slave status of the communication link, that is, the master-slave status of the communication link can be forcibly set, wherein, after the master-slave is forced, the master-slave status of the communication link on the dual machine should follow the change , To avoid double-master or double-slave situations; after canceling the master-slave forcing, the master-slave status of the communication link switches to the value before the forcing.
  • the master IO manager 230 and the slave IO manager 330 communicate with each other to synchronize the states of the first external device 110 and the second external device 120.
  • the master IO manager 230 and the slave IO manager 330 are used to manage IO status information, and are used to implement data synchronization and redundancy between channels.
  • the first main driver 221 uploads the channel state and the device state of the first external device 100 and the first external device 110
  • the second main driver 222 uploads the channel state and the device state of the second external device 120 to the main IO.
  • the manager 230, the main IO manager 230 issues the corresponding driver after receiving the communication management instruction.
  • the first slave driver 321 uploads the channel status and the device status of the first external device 110
  • the second slave driver 322 uploads the channel status and the device status of the second external device 120 to the slave IO manager 330, and the slave IO manager 330 After receiving the channel diagnosis instruction, it will be sent to the corresponding driver.
  • the master IO manager 230 and the slave IO manager 330 communicate with each other to synchronize the status of the first external device 110 and the second external device 120, and the master IO manager 230 and the slave IO manager 330 can also forward communication with each other Management instructions.
  • the main memory 210 is also used to receive control instructions sent from the memory 310, and send them to the first external device 110 and the second external device 120 through the first main driver 221 and the second main driver 222 .
  • the above-mentioned embodiment is the working condition of the automatic switching system 10 of the front-end processor under normal working conditions.
  • the working process of the automatic switching system 10 of the front-end processor under abnormal conditions will be described in detail below.
  • the master IO manager 230 is also used to receive at least one feedback of at least one master driver 220 and at least one slave driver 320.
  • the device offline information of one external device 100 is sent to the at least one external device 100 through at least one of the at least one master driver 220 and the at least one slave driver 320.
  • the main IO manager 230 may receive the device offline information of the first external device 110 fed back by the first main driver 221 , Or receive the device offline information of the first external device 110 fed back by the first slave driver 321 in synchronization with the information from the IO manager 330, or while receiving the device offline information of the first external device 110 fed back by the first master driver 221, It also receives the fault information of the first external device 110 fed back by the first slave driver 321 in synchronization with the information from the slave IO manager 330, thereby synchronizing the device offline information of the first external device 110 to the master IO manager 230 and the slave IO manager 330.
  • the master IO manager 230 can also download through the first master driver 221 Send channel diagnosis instructions, or communicate with the slave IO manager 330 to issue the channel diagnosis instructions through the first slave driver 321, or simultaneously issue the channel diagnosis instructions through the first master driver 221 and the first slave driver 321.
  • the channel states of the master channel and the slave channel connected to the device are set to bad, and the offline information of the failed device is updated to the master IO.
  • the manager 230 and the slave IO manager 330 do not affect the normal operation of other devices at this time.
  • the slave memory 310 and at least One slave drive 320 communicates to store data of at least one external device 100, and the slave memory 310 and the main memory 210 synchronize data with each other.
  • At least one master driver 220 may include a first master driver 221 and a second master driver 222, and at least one slave driver 320 includes a first slave driver 321 and a second slave driver 322 as an example.
  • the first slave memory 310 communicates with the first slave driver 320 to store at least one The data of the external device 100, and the slave memory 310 and the main memory 210 synchronize data with each other.
  • the first master driver 221 can be disconnected from the first external device 110, the channel status of the first master driver 221 is set to bad, and the first slave driver 321 is switched to the master channel.
  • the main memory 210 cannot use the first main driver 221 to collect data and issue commands to the first external device 110, at this time, the connection between the first slave driver 321 and the slave memory 310 is established, thereby There is a connection failure between the first external device and the first master driver, and the communication link between the first external device and the first slave driver is switched in time as the master channel, which can realize seamless data collection for the first external device Connect to ensure the integrity of the data collected from the first external device.
  • the main storage 210 and the slave storage 310 synchronize data with each other, the main storage 210 synchronizes the data of the first external device 110 from the second database unit 300, and the slave storage 310 synchronizes the data of the second external device 120 from the main storage 210,
  • the main memory 210 forwards the commands issued to the first external device 110 to the secondary memory 310, and forwards the commands issued to the second external device 120 from the memory 310 to the main memory 210.
  • the main memory 200 communicates with the at least one main drive 220 to store data of the at least one external device 100.
  • At least one master driver 220 may include a first master driver 221 and a second master driver 222, and at least one slave driver 320 includes a first slave driver 321 and a second slave driver 322 as an example.
  • the main memory 210 communicates with the first master driver 221 to store the information of the at least one external device 100 data.
  • the work flow is basically the same as that under normal operating conditions.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment is the situation when a single link failure exists in the automatic switching system 10 of the front-end processor.
  • the communication link between the main front-end processor and at least one external device fails, the corresponding slave front-end processing of the device is switched in time.
  • the communication link between the main front-end processor and at least one external device is the master, and the connection between the slave channel and the corresponding slave memory is established, so that the communication link between the main front-end processor and at least one external device is faulty.
  • Switching the link can effectively ensure the integrity of the device data collection, improve the intelligence, flexibility and reliability of the automatic switching of the front-end processor, avoid data loss due to link damage, and between the device and the slave channel When the connection fails, the channel status of the slave channel is set as bad, and the normal data collection can still be realized.
  • the communication link between the main front-end processor 200 and the first external device 110 fails
  • the slave memory 310 communicates with at least one slave driver 320 to store data of the first external device 110
  • the main memory 210 and the at least one master driver 220 It communicates to store data of the second external device 120, and the slave memory 320 and the main memory 220 synchronize data with each other.
  • At least one master driver includes a first master driver and a second master driver
  • at least one slave driver includes a first slave driver and a second slave driver as an example.
  • the first slave memory 310 communicates with the first slave driver 321 to store data of the first external device 110
  • the main memory 210 communicates with the second master driver 322 to store data of the second external device 120
  • the slave memory 310 communicates with the main memory 210 Synchronize data with each other.
  • the connection between the first external device 110 and the first master driver 221 is faulty, and the connection between the second external device 120 and the second slave driver 322 is faulty.
  • the working conditions are basically the same, please refer to the description in the above embodiment.
  • the automatic switching system 10 of the front-end processor can effectively ensure the integrity of the equipment data collection and improve the intelligence, flexibility and reliability of the automatic switching of the front-end processor for timely link switching when there is a link cross failure. Avoid data loss due to link damage, and when the connection between the device and the slave channel fails, the channel status of the slave channel is set as bad, and the normal data collection can still be realized.
  • the master front-end processor 200 when the master front-end processor 200 detects that the communication link between the master front-end processor 200 and the at least one slave front-end processing device 300 is faulty, the master front-end processor 200 and the at least one slave front-end processor 200 Simultaneously collect data of at least one external device and send a control instruction to at least one external device.
  • the master front-end processor 200 and the slave front-end processor 300 are respectively masters, and the master IO manager 230 and the slave IO manager 330, and the main memory 210 and the slave memory 310 do not communicate.
  • the first slave driver 321 and the second slave driver 322 are set as master channels, and both establish a connection with the slave memory 310.
  • the slave memory 310 communicates with the first external device 110 and the second slave driver 322 through the first slave driver 321 and the second slave driver 322, respectively.
  • the second external device 120 performs data collection and command issuing.
  • the slave channel will be switched to the master in time, and the connection with the slave memory will be established, thereby effectively ensuring data redundancy, ensuring data integrity, and improving The intelligence, flexibility and reliability of the automatic switching of the front-end processor.
  • the automatic switching system of the front-end processor and the host exchange data in units of messages to reduce the number of host interruptions.
  • the front-end processor can still maintain the degraded service of the data communication system and complete the report.
  • the function of receiving, storing and forwarding text, and the front-end processor can form a dual-computer system structure, which effectively improves the reliability of the communication system, thereby effectively ensuring the integrity of the data and the reliability of the communication, and in time when the communication link fails
  • Link switching easy to expand and modify functions, great flexibility, can meet the requirements of adding terminals, improving communication speed and business changes, and suitable for communication environments with different communication speeds, control methods, synchronization methods and code formats.
  • the automatic switching system of the front-end processor under normal operating conditions, data collection and command issuance are performed through the first master driver and the second master driver, and the first slave driver
  • the second slave drive is only used as data redundancy, which not only can effectively reduce the amount of redundant data uploaded to the memory and improve the reliability of communication, but also can effectively ensure the integrity of the data in the event of a failure through data redundancy.
  • the switch can be performed in a timely manner according to the type of failure, which can effectively ensure the integrity of the data and improve the intelligence, flexibility and reliability of the automatic switching of the front-end processor. Easy to implement.
  • the automatic switching system 10 of the front-end processor may include a master front-end processor 200 and a detailed description of the slave front-end processor 300.
  • the automatic switching system 10 may include a master front-end The processor 200 and multiple slave front-end processors 300, where, when the master front-end processor 200 completely fails, any slave front-end processor can be set as a new master front-end processor.
  • the front-end processor includes a master front-end processor 200 and a slave front-end processor 300.
  • the main front-end processor 200 includes: a main memory 210, at least one main driver 220, and a main IO manager 230.
  • the main memory 210 is used to store data sent by at least one external device 100.
  • the at least one main driver 220 is used to send control instructions to at least one external device 100 to collect data of the at least one external device 100.
  • the main IO manager 230 is configured to control the at least one main driver 210 according to the communication management instruction, and receive the status information of the at least one external device 100.
  • the slave front-end processor 300 includes: a slave memory 310, at least one slave driver 320, and a slave IO manager 330.
  • the slave memory 310 is used to synchronize data from the main memory 210 of the master front-end processor 200.
  • At least one slave driver 320 is used to receive a diagnostic packet sent by at least one external device 100 to diagnose the communication link between the master front-end processor 200 and at least one external device 100, and the slave front-end processor 300 and at least one external device according to the diagnostic packet. Whether the communication link between the devices 100 is faulty.
  • the slave IO manager 330 is used to control at least one slave driver 320 according to the channel diagnosis instruction, and send a channel diagnosis instruction to at least one external device 100 through at least one of the at least one master driver 220 and the at least one slave driver 320, and the at least one external device 100 generates a diagnosis packet according to the channel diagnosis instruction, and receives status information of at least one external device 100, and synchronizes data with the main IO manager 230.
  • the front-end processor of the embodiment of the present application when the main drive and at least one external device communication link fails, the slave drive is used as a new main drive, and data collection and control command transmission are performed on at least one external device through the new main drive , Thereby effectively avoiding the situation of data loss due to the abnormal working state of the main front-end processor, and effectively ensuring the integrity of data collection through the real-time and effective instant start scheme, thereby improving the reliability of communication.
  • Fig. 11 is a flowchart of an automatic switching method of a front-end processor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the automatic switching method of the front-end processor which executes the system of the foregoing embodiment, includes the following steps:
  • step S1 services are provided through the main memory, the main IO manager, the slave memory and the slave IO manager;
  • step S2 connect to at least one external device through at least one master driver and at least one slave driver;
  • step S3 when the communication link between at least one master driver and at least one external device fails, at least one slave driver is used as a new master driver to send control instructions to at least one external device and collect data from at least one external device .
  • it further includes: sending a control instruction to at least one external device through at least one main driver to collect data of the at least one external device; and controlling the at least one main device according to the communication management instruction through the main IO manager. Drive and receive status information of at least one external device.
  • the method further includes: storing data sent by at least one external device through the main memory; using the at least one main driver to send a control instruction to the at least one external device to collect data of the at least one external device;
  • the main IO manager controls at least one main driver according to the communication management instruction, and receives status information of at least one external device.
  • it further includes: synchronizing data from the main memory of the main front-end processor through the slave memory; and using at least one slave driver to receive a diagnostic package sent by at least one external device to diagnose the master according to the diagnostic package. Whether the communication link between the front-end processor and at least one external device and the communication link between the slave front-end processor and at least one external device are faulty; at least one slave driver is controlled by the slave IO manager according to the channel diagnosis instruction, and at least At least one of a master driver and at least one slave driver sends a channel diagnostic instruction to at least one external device, and at least one external device generates a diagnostic package according to the channel diagnostic instruction, and receives status information of at least one external device, and communicates with the master IO manager Synchronize data with each other.
  • it further includes: receiving through the master IO manager at least one master driver and at least one slave driver feedback of at least one external device offline information, and through the at least one master driver and at least At least one slave driver sends a channel diagnosis command to at least one external device.
  • it further includes: when the master front-end processor detects that the communication link between the master front-end processor and at least one external device fails, communicating with at least one slave driver through the slave memory to store at least one Data from external devices, and the slave memory and the main memory synchronize data with each other.
  • it further includes: when the communication link between the slave front-end processor and the at least one external device fails, communicating with the at least one main drive through the main memory to store the data of the at least one external device.
  • At least one external device includes a first external device and a second external device, the communication link between the main front-end processor and the first external device fails, and the slave front-end processor and When the communication link between the second external device fails, the slave memory communicates with at least one slave drive to store the data of the first external device, the main memory communicates with the at least one main drive to store the data of the second external device, and the slave memory communicates with The main memory synchronizes data with each other.
  • it further includes: when the communication link between the master front-end processor and the at least one slave front-end processor fails, the master front-end processor and the at least one slave front-end processor simultaneously collect data from at least one external device And sending a control command to at least one external device.
  • At least one master driver includes a first master driver and a second master driver
  • at least one slave driver includes a first slave driver and a second slave driver
  • the first slave memory communicates with the first slave driver to store data of at least one external device, and the slave memory and the main memory synchronize data with each other.
  • it further includes: when the communication link between the first slave driver and the at least one external device fails, communicating with the first master driver through the main memory to store data of the at least one external device.
  • the at least one external device includes a first external device and a second external device, and further includes: a communication link between the first master driver and the first external device is faulty, and the second slave driver and When the communication link between the second external device fails, the first slave memory communicates with the first slave drive to store the data of the first external device, the main memory communicates with the second master drive to store the data of the second external device, and The slave memory and the main memory synchronize data with each other.
  • the automatic switching method of the front-end processor under normal operating conditions, data collection and command issuance are performed through the first master driver and the second master driver, and the first slave driver and the second The slave drive only serves as data redundancy, which not only can effectively reduce the amount of redundant data uploaded to the memory and improve the reliability of communication, but also can effectively ensure the integrity of the data in the event of a failure through data redundancy.
  • the switch when the automatic switching system of the front-end processor fails, the switch can be performed in a timely manner according to the type of failure, which can effectively ensure the integrity of the data and improve the intelligence, flexibility and reliability of the automatic switching of the front-end processor. Easy to implement.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the “on” or “under” of the first feature on the second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or indirectly through an intermediary. contact.
  • the "above”, “above” and “above” of the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or it simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the “below”, “below” and “below” of the second feature of the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.

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Abstract

一种前端处理器的自动切换系统及方法，其中，该系统（10）包括：至少一个外部设备（100）和前端处理器组件，前端处理器组件与至少一个外部设备（100）相连，前端处理器组件通过主存储器（210）、主IO管理器（230）、从存储器（310）和从IO管理器（330）对上提供服务，并通过至少一个主驱动器（220）和至少一个从驱动器（320）对下与至少一个外部设备（100）连接，前端处理器组件用于在至少一个主驱动器（220）与至少一个外部设备（100）通信链路故障时，将至少一个从驱动器（320）作为新的主驱动器，以向至少一个外部设备（100）发送控制指令，并采集至少一个外部设备（100）的数据。该系统可以有效避免因主前端处理器工作状态发生异常导致数据丢失的情况，通过实时有效的瞬间启动方案，有效保证数据采集的完整性，进而提高通信的可靠性。

Description

前端处理器的自动切换系统及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201910108710.9、申请日为2019年02月03日的中国专利申请提出，并要求上述中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种前端处理器的自动切换系统及方法。
背景技术
FEP(Front End Processor，前端处理器)通常是指在一个较大的计算机系统中，位于系统主机前端，扮演着中间者角色的计算机，用于管理ISCS(Integrated Supervisory Control System，城市轨道交通综合监控系统，简称综合监控系统)与集成和互联系统的接口，具有转换各种硬件接口、软件协议的能力，同时能有效地把ISCS与各集成和互联系统的数据进行隔离。
相关技术中，前端处理器通常采用冗余配置，一般配置两台即进行数据采集和发布的前端处理器和备用的前端处理器，并在数据采集和发布的前端处理器的工作状态发生异常时，进行冗余切换。
然而，相关技术的前端处理器的冗余切换过于简单，在主机的自身工作状态发生异常时，只进行简单的数据冗余，并没有针对综合监控系统进行实时有效的瞬间启动方案，无法有效保证数据的完整性以及通信的可靠性。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请的第一个目的在于提出一种前端处理器的自动切换系统，该系统可以有效避免因主前端处理器工作状态发生异常导致数据丢失的情况，通过实时有效的瞬间启动方案，有效保证数据采集的完整性，进而提高通信的可靠性。
本申请的第二目的在于提出一种前端处理器。
本申请的第三个目的在于提出一种前端处理器的自动切换方法。
为达到上述目的，本申请一方面实施例提出了一种前端处理器的自动切换系统，包括：至少一个外部设备；前端处理器组件，所述前端处理器组件与所述至少一个外部设备相连， 所述前端处理器组件包括主前端处理器和至少一个从前端处理器，其中，所述主前端处理器包括主存储器、主IO管理器和至少一个主驱动器，所述至少一个从前端处理器包括从存储器、从IO管理器和至少一个从驱动器；其中，所述前端处理器组件通过所述主存储器、所述主IO管理器、所述从存储器和所述从IO管理器对上提供服务，并通过至少一个主驱动器和至少一个从驱动器对下与所述至少一个外部设备连接，所述前端处理器组件用于在至少一个所述主驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备通信链路故障时，将至少一个所述从驱动器作为新的主驱动器，以向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，并采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
本申请的“对上”指的是需要接受数据的单元，“对下”指的是和本系统采用相同通信协议的外部数据源设备，可以是自动售检票系统等受监控子系统。
本申请实施例的前端处理器的自动切换系统，在主驱动器与至少一个外部设备通信链路故障时，将从驱动器作为新的主驱动器，并通过新的主驱动器对至少一个外部设备进行数据采集与控制指令发送，从而有效避免因主前端处理器工作状态发生异常导致数据丢失的情况，通过实时有效的瞬间启动方案，有效保证数据采集的完整性，进而提高通信的可靠性。
另外，根据本申请上述实施例的前端处理器的自动切换系统还可以具有以下附加的技术特征：
在本申请的一个实施例中，其中，所述主存储器用于存储所述至少一个外部设备发送的数据；所述至少一个主驱动器用于向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，以采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据；所述主IO管理器用于根据通信管理指令控制所述至少一个主驱动器，并接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息。
在本申请的一个实施例中，其中，所述从存储器从所述主前端处理器的主存储器中同步数据；所述从IO管理器用于根据通道诊断指令控制所述至少一个从驱动器，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令，所述至少一个外部设备根据所述通道诊断指令生成诊断包，且所述从IO管理器还用于接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息，并与所述主IO管理器相互同步数据；所述至少一个从驱动器用于接收所述至少一个外部设备发送的诊断包，以根据所述诊断包诊断所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路、以及所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路是否故障。
当主驱动器和从驱动器同时向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令时，以主驱动器为准。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述主IO管理器还用于接收所述至少一个主驱动器及至少 一个从驱动器的至少一种反馈的所述至少一个外部设备的设备离线信息，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令。
在本申请的一个实施例中，在所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述从存储器与所述至少一个从驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据，在所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述主存储器与所述至少一个主驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，在所述主前端处理器与所述第一外部设备间的通信链路故障，且所述从前端处理器与所述第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述从存储器与所述至少一个从驱动器通信以存储所述第一外部设备的数据，所述主存储器与所述至少一个主驱动器通信以存储所述第二外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，在所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个从前端处理器的通信链路故障时，所述主前端处理器和所述至少一个从前端处理器同时采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据和向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令。
在本申请的一个实施例中，至少一个所述主驱动器包括第一主驱动器和第二主驱动器，至少一个所述从驱动器包括第一从驱动器和第二从驱动器，其中，在所述第一主驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述第一从存储器与所述第一从驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据，在所述第一从驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述主存储器与所述第一主驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，在所述第一主驱动器与所述第一外部设备间的通信链路故障、且所述第二从驱动器与所述第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述第一从存储器与所述第一从驱动器通信以存储所述第一外部设备的数据，所述主存储器与所述第二主驱动器通信以存储所述第二外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
为达到上述目的，本申请第二方面实施例提出了一种前端处理器，包括主前端处理器和从前端处理器，其中，
所述主前端处理器包括：主存储器，用于存储所述至少一个外部设备发送的数据；所述至少一个主驱动器，用于向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，以采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据；主IO管理器，用于根据通信管理指令控制所述至少一个主驱动器，并接 收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息；
所述从前端处理器包括：从存储器，用于从所述主前端处理器的主存储器中同步数据；至少一个从驱动器，用于接收所述至少一个外部设备发送的诊断包，以根据所述诊断包诊断所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路、以及所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路是否故障；从IO管理器，用于根据通道诊断指令控制所述至少一个从驱动器，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令，所述至少一个外部设备根据所述通道诊断指令生成诊断包，且所述从IO管理器还用于接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息，并与所述主IO管理器相互同步数据。
本申请实施例的前端处理器，在主驱动器与至少一个外部设备通信链路故障时，将从驱动器作为新的主驱动器，并通过新的主驱动器对至少一个外部设备进行数据采集与控制指令发送，从而有效避免因主前端处理器工作状态发生异常导致数据丢失的情况，通过实时有效的瞬间启动方案，有效保证数据采集的完整性，进而提高通信的可靠性。
为达到上述目的，本申请第三方面实施例提出了一种前端处理器的自动切换方法，执行上述实施例所述的系统，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：通过所述主存储器、所述主IO管理器、所述从存储器和所述从IO管理器对上提供服务；通过至少一个主驱动器和至少一个从驱动器对下与所述至少一个外部设备连接；在至少一个所述主驱动器与至少一个所述外部设备通信链路故障时，将至少一个所述从驱动器作为新的主驱动器，以向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，并采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
本申请实施例的前端处理器的自动切换方法，在主驱动器与至少一个外部设备通信链路故障时，将从驱动器作为新的主驱动器，并通过新的主驱动器对至少一个外部设备进行数据采集与控制指令发送，从而有效避免因主前端处理器工作状态发生异常导致数据丢失的情况，通过实时有效的瞬间启动方案，有效保证数据采集的完整性，进而提高通信的可靠性。
另外，根据本申请上述实施例的前端处理器的自动切换方法还可以具有以下附加的技术特征：
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：通过主存储器存储所述至少一个外部设备发送的数据；通过所述至少一个主驱动器用于向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，以采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据；通过所述主IO管理器根据通信管理指令控制所述至少一个主驱动器，并接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：通过从存储器从所述主前端处理器的主存储器中同步数据；通过所述至少一个从驱动器用于接收所述至少一个外部设备发送的诊断包，以根 据所述诊断包诊断所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路、以及所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路是否故障；通过从IO管理器根据通道诊断指令控制所述至少一个从驱动器，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令，所述至少一个外部设备根据所述通道诊断指令生成诊断包，且通过所述从IO管理器接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息，并与所述主IO管理器相互同步数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：通过所述主IO管理器接收所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种反馈的所述至少一个外部设备的设备离线信息，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：在所述主前端处理器检测到所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述从存储器与所述至少一个从驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：在所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述主存储器与所述至少一个主驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：所述至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，在所述主前端处理器与所述第一外部设备间的通信链路故障，且所述从前端处理器与所述第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述从存储器与所述至少一个从驱动器通信以存储所述第一外部设备的数据，所述主存储器与所述至少一个主驱动器通信以存储所述第二外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：在所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个从前端处理器的通信链路故障时，所述主前端处理器和所述至少一个从前端处理器同时采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据和向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令。
在本申请的一个实施例中，至少一个所述主驱动器包括第一主驱动器和第二主驱动器，至少一个所述从驱动器包括第一从驱动器和第二从驱动器，还包括：在所述第一主驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述第一从存储器与所述第一从驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据，在所述第一从驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述主存储器与所述第一主驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，还包括：在所述第一主驱动器与所述第一外部设备间的通信链路故障、且所述第二从驱动 器与所述第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述第一从存储器与所述第一从驱动器通信以存储所述第一外部设备的数据，所述主存储器与所述第二主驱动器通信以存储所述第二外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
本申请附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请上述附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为相关技术的主系统与子系统隔离示意图；
图2为根据本申请一个实施例的前端处理器的自动切换系统的结构示意图；
图3为根据本申请一个实施例的双层冗余单层同步图示意图；
图4为根据本申请另一个实施例的前端处理器的自动切换系统的结构示意图
图5为根据本申请一个具体实施例的前端处理器的自动切换系统的结构示意图；
图6为根据本申请一个实施例的单一设备故障下的数据流图；
图7为根据本申请一个实施例的单一链路故障下的数据流图；
图8为根据本申请一个实施例的默认从与设备连接故障数据流图；
图9为根据本申请一个实施例的交叉故障下的数据流图；
图10为根据本申请一个实施例的双机间通信故障数据流图；
图11为根据本申请一个实施例的前端处理器的自动切换方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在介绍前端处理器的自动切换系统之前，对相关技术做相应介绍和说明。
FEP组件被称为“接口管理服务”，其职责是“提供加载、运行、停止驱动或其它接口插件，以及连接、断开数据源服务器等功能，是采集实时数据的工具，通过如OPC、Modbus等多种标准或非标准协议获得控制系统实时数据，同时向实时数据组件和磁盘历史数据组件写入数据”。综合监控系统通过FEP获得集成和互联系统的数据，同时，也通过FEP转发到被集成和互联系统的数据和命令。
如图1所示，综合监控系统与现场设备(被监测子系统)两种方式接入，直接接入和通 过FEP隔离，采用隔离方式，有如下优点：综合监控系统的异常不会影响各子系统的正常运行，各个子系统的独立运行工作，保证地铁基础层面的监控功能，能过FEP隔离可使子系统的数据干扰范围得到控制，同时FEP把各个子系统不同的协议转换成综合监控系统统一的协议，有效数据分开，经过授权的指令才能发送的现场，有效保护了系统的安全性。
当前ISCS系统主要采用RAID(Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks，磁盘阵列)和数据备份等方法获取外部子系统的数据信息。RAID通过在多个磁盘上同时存储和读取数据来大幅提高存储系统的数据吞吐量。在RAID中，可以让很多磁盘驱动器同时传输数据，而这些磁盘驱动器在逻辑上又是一个磁盘驱动器，RAID容错是建立在每个磁盘驱动器的硬件容错功能之上的，在很多RAID模式中都有较为完备的相互校验/恢复的措施,甚至是直接相互的镜像备份。
RAID简称磁盘阵列，是由多个磁盘，组合成一个容量巨大的磁盘组，利用至少一个磁盘提供数据加成效果，提升整个磁盘系统效能。但该技术存在一定缺点：
首先，非常复杂的控制器设计，计算校验地址将占用相当多的处理时间数据传输容易中断，不能实时的让系统稳定运行。
其次，成本较高、当主机环境损毁时，若不能保证完全恢复配置，可能导致盘阵中的数据无法恢复，对系统的故障分析与历史数据的查询带来了不便。
最后，出现故障后，系统恢复时间较长，单独的厂商专利形式造成了解决方案的单一性。
受传统数据备份思维的影响，只是事前做简单的数据冗余，并没针对轨道上综合监控系统做到实时有效的瞬间启动备用方案，预警通知无法即刻传递。
正是基于上述原因，本申请实施例提出了一种前端处理器的自动切换系统。
下面参照附图描述根据本申请实施例提出的前端处理器的自动切换系统，首先将参照附图描述根据本申请实施例提出的前端处理器的自动切换系统的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一个实施例的前端处理器的自动切换系统的结构示意图。
如图2所示，该前端处理器的自动切换系统10包括：至少一个外部设备100和前端处理器组件(图中未具体标识)。
其中，至少一个外部设备100。前端处理器组件与至少一个外部设备100相连，前端处理器组件包括主前端处理器200和至少一个从前端处理器300，其中，主前端处理器100包括主存储器210、至少一个主驱动器220和主IO管理器230，至少一个从前端处理器300包括从存储器310、至少一个从驱动器320和从IO管理器330；其中，
前端处理器组件通过主存储器210、主IO管理器230、从存储器310和从IO管理器330对上提供服务，并通过至少一个主驱动器220和至少一个从驱动器320对下与至少一个外部设备100连接，前端处理器组件用于在至少一个主驱动器220与至少一个外部设备100 通信链路故障时，将至少一个从驱动器220作为新的主驱动器，以向至少一个外部设备100发送控制指令，并采集至少一个外部设备100的数据。
需要明的是，如图3所示，前端处理器的自动切换系统10为双层冗余单机备份的自动切换系统，双层冗余包括服务层冗余和链路层冗余，其中服务层冗余是指前端处理器对上提供服务的一层冗余，具体的，本申请实施例通过主存储器210、主IO管理器230、从存储器310和从IO管理器330对上提供服务；链路层冗余是指对下与设备连接使用的一层冗余，具体的，本申请实施例通过至少一个主驱动器220和至少一个从驱动器320对下与设备进行相连。服务层冗余和链路层冗余互相独立且互不影响。
在本申请的一个实施例中，如图4所示，其中，主存储器210用于存储至少一个外部设备100发送的数据。至少一个主驱动器220用于向至少一个外部设备100发送控制指令，以采集至少一个外部设备100的数据。主IO管理器230用于根据通信管理指令控制至少一个主驱动器220，并接收至少一个外部设备100的状态信息。
可以理解的是，至少一个主驱动器220与至少一个外部设备100一一对应连接，因此，至少一个主驱动器220的具体设置数量根据至少一个外部设备100的设置数量进行设置。
在本申请的一个实施例中，如图4所示，其中，从存储器310从主前端处理器200的主存储器中同步数据；至少一个从驱动器310用于接收至少一个外部设备100发送的诊断包，以根据诊断包诊断主前端处理器200与至少一个外部设备100间的通信链路、以及从前端处理器300与至少一个外部设备100间的通信链路是否故障。从IO管理器330用于根据通道诊断指令控制至少一个从驱动器320，并接收至少一个外部设备的状态信息，并与主IO管理器230相互同步数据，并通过至少一个主驱动器220及至少一个从驱动器320的至少一种向至少一个外部设备100发送通道诊断指令，至少一个外部设备100根据通道诊断指令生成诊断包，且接收至少一个外部设备100的状态信息，并与主IO管理器230相互同步数据。
可以理解的是，至少一个从驱动器310与至少一个外部设备100一一对应连接，因此，至少一个从驱动器310的具体设置数量根据至少一个外部设备100的设置数量进行设置。
需要说明是，本申请实施例的前端处理器的自动切换系统10可以包括一个主前端处理器200和一个从前端处理器300，或者包括一个主前端处理器200和多个从前端处理器300，当然本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况设置从前端处理器300的数量，在此不做具体限定。下面将对前端处理器的自动切换系统10可以包括一个主前端处理器200和一个从前端处理器300的实施例进行详细说明。
在下述示例中首先对本申请实施例的前端处理器的自动切换系统10在正常情况下的工作流程进行详细阐述，举例而言，如图5所示，至少一个外部设备100可以包括第一外 部设备110和第二外部设备120，至少一个主驱动器220可以包括第一驱动器第一主驱动器221和第二驱动器第二主驱动器222，至少一个从驱动器320可以包括第三驱动器第一从驱动器321和第四驱动器第二从驱动器322。
具体而言，前端处理器的自动切换系统10包括：第一外部设备110、第二外部设备120、主前端处理器200和从前端处理器300。
其中，均与第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120相连的主前端处理器200和从前端处理器300。主前端处理器200包括分别与第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120相连的第一主驱动器221和第二主驱动器222，以及分别和第一主驱动器221和第二主驱动器222相连的主存储器210和主IO管理器230。从前端处理器300包括分别与第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120相连的第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322、从存储器310、以及分别和第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322相连的从IO管理器330。其中，第一主驱动器221和第二主驱动器222，用于分别向第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120发送控制指令，以及采集第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120的数据；第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322，用于接收第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120发送的诊断包。
在前端处理器的自动切换系统10正常工作工况下，第一驱动器第一主驱动器221和第二驱动器第二主驱动器222分别负责第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120的数据采集和命令下发；第一驱动器第一主驱动器221和第二驱动器第二主驱动器222可以更新主前端处理器200的数据，并且主前端处理器200在收到控制指令后下发至第一驱动器第一主驱动器221和第二驱动器第二主驱动器222。第三驱动器第一从驱动器321和第四驱动器第二从驱动器322仅有上行数据，即第三驱动器第一从驱动器321和第四驱动器第二从驱动器322仅用于接收第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120发送的上行数据，上行数据仅用于通道诊断。并且在第三驱动器第一从驱动器321和第四驱动器第二从驱动器322收到第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120的诊断包之后直接丢弃，并置第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120在线。
其中，第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322与从前端处理器300之间没有交互，也就是说，第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322在正常工况下，仅用于数据冗余，不进行数据的上传，第一主驱动器221与第一从驱动器321保持数据的同步，第二主驱动器222和第二从驱动器322保持数据的同步，且只需要将第一主驱动器221和第二主驱动器222的数据实时上传至主前端处理器200中，从前端处理器300从主前端处理器200同步实时数据，从而可以保证设备存在故障时数据的完整性。根据图5所示，在正常工况下，从前端处理器300向主前端处理器200转发数据操作命令。
根据链路默认主从的判断规则，默认第一主驱动器221和第二主驱动器222为主通道， 默认第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322为从通道。链路默认主从的判断规则具体包括：
首先，通过判断当前为运行机器的身份(如A机或者B机)，以及链路冗余配置的负载分担原则(如A机优先或者B机优先)，设置链路的默认主从：
a)如果本机为A机，链路为A级优先，则链路为默认主；
b)如果本机为A机，链路为B级优先，则链路为默认从；
c)如果本机为B机，链路为A级优先，则链路为默认从；
d)如果本机为B机，链路为B级优先，则链路为默认主。
链路权值是一个动态计算的值，由链路下设备的在线情况决定，其中，在线设备越多，权值越大；在线设备越少，权值越小。而互为冗余的两个链路的实际主从由链路的权值决定，权值大的链路为主，权值小的链路为从，如果权值相同，则采用链路的默认主从。当链路的权值发生变化时，需要重新判断链路的实际主从；当从链路无法连接到主链路时，从链路直接升主链路。主链路负责采集数据，从链路向主链路同步数据，并且主从链路的数据同步可以有效保证冗余的通讯链路发生交叉故障时数据的完整性。
另外，本申请实施例还支持串行链路的冲突诊断。本申请实施例还支持通讯链路主从状态的强制替代，即可以强制设置通讯链路的主从状态，其中，主从强制后，双机上的该通讯链路主从状态都应跟随变化，避免双主或双从情况出现；取消主从强制后，通讯链路的主从状态切换为强制前的值。
在本申请的一个实施例中，主IO管理器230和从IO管理器330相互通信以同步第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120的状态。
可以理解的是，主IO管理器230和从IO管理器330用于管理IO状态信息，并且用于实现通道之间的数据同步和冗余。
具体而言，第一主驱动器221将通道状态和第一外部设备100第一外部设备110的设备状态，以及第二主驱动器222将通道状态和第二外部设备120的设备状态均上传至主IO管理器230，主IO管理器230在接收到通信管理指令之后下发到相应的驱动。第一从驱动器321将通道状态和第一外部设备110的设备状态，以及第二从驱动器322将通道状态和第二外部设备120的设备状态均上传至从IO管理器330，从IO管理器330在收到通道诊断指令之后下发到相应的驱动。主IO管理器230和从IO管理器330之间相互通信从而同步第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120的状态，并且主IO管理器230和从IO管理器330之间也可以相互转发通信管理指令。
在本申请的一个实施例中，主存储器210还用于接收从存储器310发送的控制指令，并通过第一主驱动器221和第二主驱动器222发送至第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120。
综上，前端处理器的自动切换系统10在正常工况下工作时，通过第一主驱动器和第二 主驱动器进行数据的采集和命令的下发，通过第一从驱动器和第二从驱动器仅作为数据的冗余，从而，不仅可以有效减少冗余数据上传至存储器的数据量，提高通信的可靠性，而且，通过数据冗余可以在发生故障时，有效保证数据的完整性。
上述实施例为前端处理器的自动切换系统10在正常工况下工作时的工作情况，下面将对前端处理器的自动切换系统10非正常情况下的工作流程进行详细阐述。
前端处理器的自动切换系统10存在单一设备故障时，在本申请的一个实施例中，主IO管理器230还用于接收至少一个主驱动器220及至少一个从驱动器320的至少一种反馈的至少一个外部设备100的设备离线信息，并通过至少一个主驱动器220及至少一个从驱动器320的至少一种向至少一个外部设备100发送通道诊断指令。
举例而言，如图6所示，以第一外部设备110离线、第二外部设备120正常为例，主IO管理器230可以接收第一主驱动器221反馈的第一外部设备110的设备离线信息，或者与从IO管理器330信息同步接收第一从驱动器321反馈的第一外部设备110的设备离线信息，或者在接收第一主驱动器221反馈的第一外部设备110的设备离线信息的同时，也接收与从IO管理器330信息同步接收第一从驱动器321反馈的第一外部设备110的故障信息，从而将第一外部设备110的设备离线信息同步至主IO管理器230和从IO管理器330。另外，由于第一外部设备110设备离线信息，因此，第一主驱动器221和第一从驱动器321的通道状态均置为坏，此时，主IO管理器230还可以通过第一主驱动器221下发通道诊断指令，或者与从IO管理器330相互通信以通过第一从驱动器321下发通道诊断指令，或者同时通过第一主驱动器221和第一从驱动器321下发通道诊断指令。
上述实施例为前端处理器的自动切换系统10存在单一设备故障时，将与该设备相连的主通道和从通道的通道状态均置为坏，并将存在故障的设备的离线信息更新至主IO管理器230和从IO管理器330中，此时，并不影响其他设备的正常工作。
在前端处理器的自动切换系统10存在单一链路故障时，在本申请的一个实施例中，在主前端处理器200与至少一个外部设备100间的通信链路故障时，从存储器310与至少一个从驱动器320通信，以存储至少一个外部设备100的数据，且从存储器310与主存储器210相互同步数据。
可以理解的是，主前端处理器200与多个外部设备间的通信链路故障时的情况相同，因此，以主前端处理器200与一个外部设备的通信链路故障时为例，并且为了详细阐述，以至少一个主驱动器220可以包括第一主驱动器221和第二主驱动器222，至少一个从驱动器320包括第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322为例进行说明。
其中，在本申请的一个实施例中，其中，在第一主驱动器220与至少一个外部设备100间的通信链路故障时，第一从存储器310与第一从驱动器320通信，以存储至少一个外部 设备100的数据，且从存储器310与主存储器210相互同步数据。
举例而言，如图7所示，第一外部设备110与第一主驱动器221之间的存在连接故障，此时，由于无法通过第一主驱动器221实现对第一外部设备110的数据采集与命令的下发，因此，可以将第一主驱动器221与第一外部设备110连接断开，且将第一主驱动器221的通道状态置为坏，而将第一从驱动器321切换为主通道。由于主存储器210无法通过第一主驱动器221，实现对第一外部设备110的数据采集与命令的下发，此时，建立第一从驱动器321与从存储器310从存储器310之间的连接，从而第一外部设备与第一主驱动器之间的存在连接故障，及时的切换第一外部设备与第一从驱动器之间的通信链路为主通道，可以实现对于第一外部设备数据采集的无缝连接，保证采集第一外部设备数据的完整性。
此时，主存储器210与从存储器310相互同步数据，主存储器210从第二数据库单元300中同步第一外部设备110的数据，从存储器310从主存储器210中同步第二外部设备120的数据，并且，主存储器210向从存储器310转发下发至第一外部设备110的命令，从存储器310向主存储器210转发下发至第二外部设备120的命令。
在本申请的一个实施例中，在从前端处理器300与至少一个外部设备100间的通信链路故障时，主存储器200与至少一个主驱动器220通信，以存储至少一个外部设备100的数据。
可以理解的是，从前端处理器300与多个外部设备间的通信链路故障时的情况相同，因此，以从前端处理器300与一个外部设备的通信链路故障时为例，并且为了详细阐述，以至少一个主驱动器220可以包括第一主驱动器221和第二主驱动器222，至少一个从驱动器320包括第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322为例进行说明。
其中，在本申请的一个实施例中，在第一从驱动器320与至少一个外部设备100间的通信链路故障时，主存储器210与第一主驱动器221通信，以存储至少一个外部设备100的数据。
举例而言，如图8所示，第一外部设备110与第一从驱动器321之间存在连接故障，由于从链路存在故障，因此，需要置第一从驱动器321的通道状态为坏，由于从链路数据冗余，此时并不影响对于第一外部设备110的数据采集，因此，工作流程与在正常工况下的情况基本相同。
上述实施例为前端处理器的自动切换系统10存在单一链路故障时的情况，在主前端处理器与至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，及时的切换该设备相对应的从前端处理器与至少一个外部设备间的通信链路为主，并且建立该从通道与对应的从存储器之间的连接，从而在存在主前端处理器与至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时及时的切换链路，可以有效保证设备数据采集的完整性，提高前端处理器的自动切换的智能性、灵活性和可靠性， 避免因链路损坏存在数据丢失的情况，且在设备与从通道之间的连接故障时，置从通道的通道状态为坏，依然可以实现数据的正常采集。
前端处理器的自动切换系统10存在链路交叉故障时，多个外部设备与主前端处理器和从前端处理器发生交叉故障时的情况，与两个外部设备与主前端处理器和从前端处理器发生交叉故障时的情况相同。因此，在本申请的一个实施例中，以至少一个外部设备100包括第一外部设备110和第二外部设备220为例，在主前端处理器200与第一外部设备110间的通信链路故障、且从前端处理器200与第二外部设备120间的通信链路故障时，从存储器310与至少一个从驱动器320通信以存储第一外部设备110的数据，主存储器210与至少一个主驱动器220通信以存储第二外部设备120的数据，且从存储器320与主存储器220相互同步数据。
可以理解的是，多个主驱动器和多个从驱动器与第一外部设备110和第二外部设备220发生交叉故障时的情况，与两个主驱动器和两个从驱动器与第一外部设备110和第二外部设备220发生交叉故障时的情况相同，因此，以至少一个主驱动器包括第一主驱动器和第二主驱动器，至少一个从驱动器包括第一从驱动器和第二从驱动器为例进行说明。
其中，在本申请的一个实施例中，在第一主驱动器221与第一外部设备110间的通信链路故障、且第二从驱动器322与第二外部设备120间的通信链路故障时，第一从存储器310与第一从驱动器321通信以存储第一外部设备110的数据，主存储器210与第二主驱动器322通信以存储第二外部设备120的数据，且从存储器310与主存储器210相互同步数据。
需要说明的是，链路发生交叉故障时的数据流与上述实施例描述的单一链路故障下的数据流基本相同。
举例而言，如图9所示，第一外部设备110与第一主驱动器221连接故障，同时第二外部设备120与第二从驱动器322连接故障，此时的工况与单一链路故障时的工况基本相同，可参见上述实施例中的描述。前端处理器的自动切换系统10在存在链路交叉故障时，对于及时进行链路切换，可以有效保证设备数据采集的完整性，提高前端处理器的自动切换的智能性、灵活性和可靠性，避免因链路损坏，导致数据丢失的情况，且在设备与从通道之间的连接故障时，置从通道的通道状态为坏，依然可以实现数据的正常采集。
在本申请的一个实施例中，在主前端处理器200检测到主前端处理器200与至少一个从前端处理器件300的通信链路故障时，主前端处理器200和至少一个从前端处理器200同时采集至少一个外部设备的数据和向至少一个外部设备发送控制指令。
举例而言，前端处理器的自动切换系统10存在双机间通信故障时，双机间通信故障为主前端处理器200和从前端处理器300之间存在通信故障时，如图10所示，此时，主前端处理器200和从前端处理器300以各自为主，主IO管理器230与从IO管理器330、以及主 存储器210与从存储器310之间均不进行通信。同时，第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322置为主通道，并均与从存储器310建立连接，从存储器310分别通过第一从驱动器321和第二从驱动器322对第一外部设备110和第二外部设备120进行数据采集和命令下达。前端处理器的自动切换系统10存在双机间通信故障时，及时的切换从通道为主，并建立与从存储器之间的连接，从而可以有效保证数据的冗余，保证数据的完整性，提高前端处理器的自动切换的智能性、灵活性和可靠性。
需要说明的是，前端处理器的自动切换系统与主机之间以报文为单位进行数据交换，减少主机中断次数，当主机故障时，前端处理器仍能维持数据通信系统的降级业务，完成报文的接收、存储和转发功能，且前端处理器可以组成双机系统结构，有效提高了通信系统的可靠性，从而有效保证数据的完整性和通信的可靠性，在通信链路存在故障时及时进行链路切换，易于功能的扩充和修改，灵活性大，能满足增设终端、提高通信速率和业务变化的要求，适用于不同通信速率、控制方式、同步方式和代码格式的通信环境。
综上，根据本申请实施例提出的前端处理器的自动切换系统，在正常工况下时，通过第一主驱动器和第二主驱动器进行数据的采集和命令的下发，通过第一从驱动器和第二从驱动器仅作为数据的冗余，从而不仅可以有效减少冗余数据上传至存储器的数据量，提高通信的可靠性，而且通过数据冗余可以在发生故障时有效保证数据的完整性。并且，在前端处理器的自动切换系统存在故障时，根据故障的类型及时的进行切换，从而可以有效保证数据的完整性，提高前端处理器的自动切换的智能性、灵活性和可靠性，简单易实现。
上述实施例为前端处理器的自动切换系统10可以包括一个主前端处理器200和一个从前端处理器300的详细说明，在本申请的另一实施例中，自动切换系统10可以包括一个主前端处理器200和多个从前端处理器300，其中，在主前端处理器200完全故障时，可以设置任意一个从前端处理器作为新的主前端处理器，具体的情况可以参照上述实施例的详细介绍，为避免冗余在此不做详细阐述。
其次，参照附图，描述根据本申请实施例提出的前端处理器。
如图4所示，该前端处理器包括主前端处理器200和从前端处理器300。
其中，主前端处理器200包括：主存储器210、至少一个主驱动器220和主IO管理器230。其中，主存储器210用于存储至少一个外部设备100发送的数据。至少一个主驱动器220用于向至少一个外部设备100发送控制指令以采集至少一个外部设备100的数据。主IO管理器230用于根据通信管理指令控制至少一个主驱动器210，并接收至少一个外部设备100的状态信息。
从前端处理器300包括：从存储器310、至少一个从驱动器320和从IO管理器330。其中，从存储器310用于从主前端处理器200的主存储器210中同步数据。至少一个从驱 动器320用于接收至少一个外部设备100发送的诊断包，以根据诊断包诊断主前端处理器200与至少一个外部设备100间的通信链路、以及从前端处理器300与至少一个外部设备100间的通信链路是否故障。从IO管理器330用于根据通道诊断指令控制至少一个从驱动器320，并通过至少一个主驱动器220及至少一个从驱动器320的至少一种向至少一个外部设备100发送通道诊断指令，至少一个外部设备100根据通道诊断指令生成诊断包，且接收至少一个外部设备100的状态信息，并与主IO管理器230相互同步数据。
本申请实施例的前端处理器，在主驱动器与至少一个外部设备通信链路故障时，将从驱动器作为新的主驱动器，并通过新的主驱动器对至少一个外部设备进行数据采集与控制指令发送，从而有效避免因主前端处理器工作状态发生异常导致数据丢失的情况，通过实时有效的瞬间启动方案，有效保证数据采集的完整性，进而提高通信的可靠性。
另外，参照附图，描述根据本申请实施例提出的前端处理器的自动切换方法。
图11是本申请一个实施例的前端处理器的自动切换方法的流程图。
如图11所示，该前端处理器的自动切换方法，执行上述实施例的系统，其中，包括以下步骤：
在步骤S1中，通过主存储器、主IO管理器、从存储器和从IO管理器对上提供服务；
在步骤S2中，通过至少一个主驱动器和至少一个从驱动器对下与至少一个外部设备连接；
在步骤S3中，在至少一个主驱动器与至少一个外部设备通信链路故障时，将至少一个从驱动器作为新的主驱动器，以向至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，并采集至少一个外部设备的数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：通过至少一个主驱动器用于向至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，以采集至少一个外部设备的数据；通过主IO管理器根据通信管理指令控制至少一个主驱动器，并接收至少一个外部设备的状态信息。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：通过主存储器存储至少一个外部设备发送的数据；通过至少一个主驱动器用于向至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，以采集至少一个外部设备的数据；通过主IO管理器根据通信管理指令控制至少一个主驱动器，并接收至少一个外部设备的状态信息。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：通过从存储器从主前端处理器的主存储器中同步数据；通过至少一个从驱动器用于接收至少一个外部设备发送的诊断包，以根据诊断包诊断主前端处理器与至少一个外部设备间的通信链路、以及从前端处理器与至少一个外部设备间的通信链路是否故障；通过从IO管理器根据通道诊断指令控制至少一个从驱动器，并通过至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指 令，至少一个外部设备根据通道诊断指令生成诊断包，且接收至少一个外部设备的状态信息，并与主IO管理器相互同步数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：通过主IO管理器接收至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种反馈的至少一个外部设备的设备离线信息，并通过至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：在主前端处理器检测到主前端处理器与至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过从存储器与至少一个从驱动器通信，以存储至少一个外部设备的数据，且从存储器与主存储器相互同步数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：在从前端处理器与至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过主存储器与至少一个主驱动器通信，以存储至少一个外部设备的数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，在主前端处理器与第一外部设备间的通信链路故障、且从前端处理器与第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，从存储器与至少一个从驱动器通信以存储第一外部设备的数据，主存储器与至少一个主驱动器通信以存储第二外部设备的数据，且从存储器与主存储器相互同步数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：在主前端处理器与至少一个从前端处理器的通信链路故障时，主前端处理器和至少一个从前端处理器同时采集至少一个外部设备的数据和向至少一个外部设备发送控制指令。
在本申请的一个实施例中，至少一个主驱动器包括第一主驱动器和第二主驱动器，至少一个从驱动器包括第一从驱动器和第二从驱动器，还包括：在第一主驱动器与至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过第一从存储器与第一从驱动器通信，以存储至少一个外部设备的数据，且从存储器与主存储器相互同步数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，还包括：在第一从驱动器与至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过主存储器与第一主驱动器通信，以存储至少一个外部设备的数据。
在本申请的一个实施例中，至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，还包括：在第一主驱动器与第一外部设备间的通信链路故障、且第二从驱动器与第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过第一从存储器与第一从驱动器通信以存储第一外部设备的数据，主存储器与第二主驱动器通信以存储第二外部设备的数据，且从存储器与主存储器相互同步数据。
需要说明的是，前述对前端处理器的自动切换装置实施例的解释说明也适用于该实施例的前端处理器的自动切换方法，此处不再赘述。
根据本申请实施例提出的前端处理器的自动切换方法，在正常工况下时，通过第一主驱 动器和第二主驱动器进行数据的采集和命令的下发，通过第一从驱动器和第二从驱动器仅作为数据的冗余，从而不仅可以有效减少冗余数据上传至存储器的数据量，提高通信的可靠性，而且通过数据冗余可以在发生故障时有效保证数据的完整性。并且，在前端处理器的自动切换系统存在故障时，根据故障的类型及时的进行切换，从而可以有效保证数据的完整性，提高前端处理器的自动切换的智能性、灵活性和可靠性，简单易实现。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种前端处理器的自动切换系统，其特征在于，包括：
    至少一个外部设备；
    前端处理器组件，所述前端处理器组件与所述至少一个外部设备相连，所述前端处理器组件包括主前端处理器和至少一个从前端处理器，其中，所述主前端处理器包括主存储器、主IO管理器和至少一个主驱动器，所述至少一个从前端处理器包括从存储器、从IO管理器和至少一个从驱动器；其中，
    所述前端处理器组件通过所述主存储器、所述主IO管理器、所述从存储器和所述从IO管理器对上提供服务，并通过至少一个主驱动器和至少一个从驱动器对下与所述至少一个外部设备连接，所述前端处理器组件用于在至少一个所述主驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备通信链路故障时，将至少一个所述从驱动器作为新的主驱动器，以向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，并采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，其中，
    所述主存储器用于存储所述至少一个外部设备发送的数据；
    所述至少一个主驱动器用于向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，以采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据；
    所述主IO管理器用于根据通信管理指令控制所述至少一个主驱动器，并接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于，其中，
    所述从存储器从所述主前端处理器的主存储器中同步数据；
    所述从IO管理器用于根据通道诊断指令控制所述至少一个从驱动器，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令，所述至少一个外部设备根据所述通道诊断指令生成诊断包，且所述从IO管理器还用于接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息，并与所述主IO管理器相互同步数据；
    所述至少一个从驱动器用于接收所述至少一个外部设备发送的诊断包，以根据所述诊断包诊断所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路、以及所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路是否故障。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于，所述主IO管理器还用于接收所述至少一个主驱动器以及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种反馈的所述至少一个外部设备的设备离线信息，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，在所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述从存储器与所述至少一个从驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据，在所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述主存储器与所述至少一个主驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，在所述主前端处理器与所述第一外部设备间的通信链路故障，且所述从前端处理器与所述第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述从存储器与所述至少一个从驱动器通信以存储所述第一外部设备的数据，所述主存储器与所述至少一个主驱动器通信以存储所述第二外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，在所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个从前端处理器的通信链路故障时，所述主前端处理器和所述至少一个从前端处理器同时采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据和向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，至少一个所述主驱动器包括第一主驱动器和第二主驱动器，至少一个所述从驱动器包括第一从驱动器和第二从驱动器，其中，
    在所述第一主驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述第一从存储器与所述第一从驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据，在所述第一从驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述主存储器与所述第一主驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，在所述第一主驱动器与所述第一外部设备间的通信链路故障、且所述第二从驱动器与所述第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述第一从存储器与所述第一从驱动器通信以存储所述第一外部设备的数据，所述主存储器与所述第二主驱动器通信以存储所述第二外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
  10. 一种前端处理器，其特征在于，包括主前端处理器和从前端处理器，其中，
    所述主前端处理器包括：
    主存储器，用于存储所述至少一个外部设备发送的数据；
    至少一个主驱动器，用于向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，以采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据；
    主IO管理器，用于根据通信管理指令控制所述至少一个主驱动器，并接收所述 至少一个外部设备的状态信息；
    所述从前端处理器包括：
    从存储器，用于从所述主前端处理器的主存储器中同步数据；
    至少一个从驱动器，用于接收所述至少一个外部设备发送的诊断包，以根据所述诊断包诊断所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路、以及所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路是否故障；
    从IO管理器，用于根据通道诊断指令控制所述至少一个从驱动器，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令，所述至少一个外部设备根据所述通道诊断指令生成诊断包，且所述从IO管理器还用于接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息，并与所述主IO管理器相互同步数据。
  11. 一种前端处理器的自动切换方法，其特征在于，执行如权利要求1-9任一项所述的系统，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    通过所述主存储器、所述主IO管理器、所述从存储器和所述从IO管理器对上提供服务；
    通过至少一个主驱动器和至少一个从驱动器对下与所述至少一个外部设备连接；以及在至少一个所述主驱动器与至少一个所述外部设备通信链路故障时，将至少一个所述从驱动器作为新的主驱动器，以向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，并采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    通过主存储器存储所述至少一个外部设备发送的数据；
    通过所述至少一个主驱动器用于向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令，以采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据；
    通过所述主IO管理器根据通信管理指令控制所述至少一个主驱动器，并接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息。
  13. 如权利要求11或12所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    通过从存储器从所述主前端处理器的主存储器中同步数据；
    通过所述至少一个从驱动器用于接收所述至少一个外部设备发送的诊断包，以根据所述诊断包诊断所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路、以及所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路是否故障；
    通过从IO管理器根据通道诊断指令控制所述至少一个从驱动器，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令，所 述至少一个外部设备根据所述通道诊断指令生成诊断包，且通过所述从IO管理器接收所述至少一个外部设备的状态信息，并与所述主IO管理器相互同步的数据。
  14. 如权利要求11-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    通过所述主IO管理器接收所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种反馈的所述至少一个外部设备的设备离线信息，并通过所述至少一个主驱动器及至少一个从驱动器的至少一种向所述至少一个外部设备发送通道诊断指令。
  15. 如权利要求11-14任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述主前端处理器检测到所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述从存储器与所述至少一个从驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
  16. 如权利要求11-15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述从前端处理器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述主存储器与所述至少一个主驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
  17. 如权利要求11-16任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，在所述主前端处理器与所述第一外部设备间的通信链路故障，且所述从前端处理器与所述第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，所述从存储器与所述至少一个从驱动器通信以存储所述第一外部设备的数据，所述主存储器与所述至少一个主驱动器通信以存储所述第二外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
  18. 如权利要求11-17任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述主前端处理器与所述至少一个从前端处理器的通信链路故障时，所述主前端处理器和所述至少一个从前端处理器同时采集所述至少一个外部设备的数据和向所述至少一个外部设备发送控制指令。
  19. 如权利要求11-18任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一个所述主驱动器包括第一主驱动器和第二主驱动器，至少一个所述从驱动器包括第一从驱动器和第二从驱动器，还包括：
    在所述第一主驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述第一从存储器与所述第一从驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据，所述第一从驱动器与所述至少一个外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述主存储器与所述第一主驱动器通信，以存储所述至少一个外部设备的数据。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个外部设备包括第一外部设备和第二外部设备，还包括：
    在所述第一主驱动器与所述第一外部设备间的通信链路故障、且所述第二从驱动器与所述第二外部设备间的通信链路故障时，通过所述第一从存储器与所述第一从驱动器通信以存储所述第一外部设备的数据，所述主存储器与所述第二主驱动器通信以存储所述第二外部设备的数据，且所述从存储器与所述主存储器相互同步数据。
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