WO2020155309A1 - 切负荷系统及方法 - Google Patents

切负荷系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020155309A1
WO2020155309A1 PCT/CN2019/077491 CN2019077491W WO2020155309A1 WO 2020155309 A1 WO2020155309 A1 WO 2020155309A1 CN 2019077491 W CN2019077491 W CN 2019077491W WO 2020155309 A1 WO2020155309 A1 WO 2020155309A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control
wireless access
load shedding
data
access device
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PCT/CN2019/077491
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹积军
陈庆
吴争
王啸峰
陆晓
罗建裕
李雪明
罗凯明
罗剑波
颜云松
Original Assignee
国网江苏省电力有限公司
国电南瑞科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020155309A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020155309A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints
    • H04W28/12—Flow control between communication endpoints using signalling between network elements

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of power systems, for example, to a load shedding system and method.
  • the precise load shedding system can concentrate the interruptible loads of dispersive power users for millisecond precision control, implement flexible adjustments, and achieve an instantaneous balance of power supply and demand.
  • the precision load shedding system can usually be divided into three layers, namely the control main station layer, the control sub-station layer and the end user access layer.
  • the terminal user access layer In the precision load shedding system of the related technology, the terminal user access layer often uses the bare fiber method to connect the control terminal to the large user access device of the user's nearby substation to realize the access of the control terminal.
  • the interruptible load of power users has the characteristics of small load, scattered geographical locations, and many users.
  • the control terminal In scenarios such as multiple user sites, complex paths and environments, and lack of urban corridor resources, the control terminal is connected to the user’s nearest substation.
  • the method for large users to access the device requires the use of a large amount of optical fibers, which causes problems such as high investment cost, difficult coverage, and difficulty in later maintenance.
  • the present disclosure provides a load shedding system and method, which can enable a control terminal to directly connect with a wireless access device through a power wireless private network, which saves the investment cost of the system and reduces the difficulty of system maintenance.
  • the present disclosure provides a precise load shedding system, including: a control master station layer, a control sub station layer, and an end user access layer; among them,
  • the control main station layer includes the control main station device and the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment, and the control main station device and the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment of the control main station layer are connected by optical fiber;
  • the control sub-station layer includes optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment, control sub-station devices and wireless access equipment.
  • the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment of the control main station layer and the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment of the control sub-station layer synchronize the digital system through the synchronous digital system ( Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, SDH) 2 megabit (M) line connection, the control sub-station device and the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment of the control sub-station layer are connected by optical fiber, and the control sub-station device and wireless access device are connected by optical fiber;
  • the end user access layer includes wireless core network equipment, base stations and control terminals.
  • the wireless access equipment connects to the wireless core network equipment through Ethernet.
  • the wireless core network equipment is connected to the base station through optical fiber.
  • the control terminal accesses the base station through the customer terminal equipment CPE.
  • the wireless network In the wireless network;
  • the control master station device is set to send a load shedding capacity command to the control slave station device
  • the control sub-station device is set to receive the load-shedding capacity command, and the load-shedding level instruction is generated according to the load-shedding capacity command, and the load shedding level instruction is sent to the wireless access device; or the control sub-station device is set to send to the wireless access device Timing instructions
  • the wireless access device is set to receive data sent by the control sub-station device, where the data includes the load shedding level instruction or the time synchronization instruction; the data is checked to determine whether the data is abnormal; in response to the determination result that the data is normal, the analysis Data; when the data is a load-shedding level instruction, set the flag and send the load-shedding instruction to the control terminal; when the data is a timing instruction, perform the timing operation according to the timing information included in the timing instruction ;
  • the control terminal is set to perform load shedding operations according to load shedding instructions.
  • control master station device is installed in a 500kV AC collection station
  • control substation device is installed in a 500kV AC station and/or a 220kV AC station.
  • the wireless access device includes: a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip, two single-mode optical fiber interfaces and four indicator lights respectively connected to the FPGA chip, and the FPGA chip
  • the connected Ethernet module has four Ethernet interfaces connected to the Ethernet module, three Recommended Standard (RS)-232 serial ports and one RS-485 serial port.
  • RS Recommended Standard
  • the two single-mode optical fiber interfaces are set to communicate with the control sub-station device based on a COMmunication for STability Control (COMmunication for STability Control, COMSTC) protocol;
  • COMmunication for STability Control COMmunication for STability Control, COMSTC
  • the four indicators are power indicator, running indicator, optical fiber communication indicator and network communication indicator;
  • the four Ethernet interfaces are ETH1, ETH2, ETH3, and ETH4.
  • ETH1 and ETH2 are spare interfaces
  • ETH3 is set based on the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60870-5-104 protocol to realize communication with the control terminal
  • ETH4 is used for engineering debugging;
  • Any one of the three RS-232 serial ports is set to print debugging information, and the remaining RS-232 serial ports are spare RS-232 serial ports;
  • the RS-485 serial port is a spare RS-485 serial port, which is set to extend IEC 60870-5-103 and/or MODBUS applications.
  • the terminal user access layer further includes a secure access gateway connected to both the wireless access device and the wireless core network device.
  • the secure access gateway is set to perform data transfer between the wireless access device and the control terminal. Encryption or decryption; a security chip is arranged in the control terminal, and the security chip is set to encrypt or decrypt data between the wireless access device and the control terminal.
  • the present disclosure also provides a load shedding method, which is applicable to any load shedding system described above, and the method includes:
  • the wireless access device receives the data sent by the control sub-station device
  • the wireless access device verifies the data to determine whether the data is abnormal
  • the wireless access device parses the data and confirms the type of the data
  • the wireless access device When the type of data is a load shedding instruction, the wireless access device sets an identification bit and sends a load shedding instruction to the control terminal, so that the control terminal performs load shedding operation according to the load shedding instruction;
  • the wireless access device sends the load shedding information to the control sub-station device.
  • the above method further includes:
  • the wireless access device In response to the judgment result of the data abnormality, the wireless access device sends the data abnormality information to the control slave device.
  • the above method further includes:
  • the wireless access device When the data type is a time synchronization command, the wireless access device performs time synchronization operations according to the time synchronization information included in the time synchronization command;
  • the wireless access device sends time synchronization completion information to the control sub-station device.
  • the method before the wireless access device sends the load shedding instruction to the control terminal, the method further includes:
  • the wireless access device judges whether to establish a connection with the control terminal
  • the wireless access device In response to the judgment result that the wireless access device has not established a connection with the control terminal, the wireless access device establishes a transmission control protocol TCP connection with the control terminal.
  • the method before the wireless access device sends the load shedding information to the control substation device, the method further includes:
  • the wireless access device obtains the load-shedding capacity information by controlling the terminal.
  • the present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, any one of the above-mentioned load shedding methods is realized.
  • control terminal can directly connect to the wireless access equipment through the power wireless private network composed of the wireless core network equipment and the base station, there is no need to connect to the large user access equipment of the user’s nearby substation through optical fiber. , Thereby saving the investment cost of the system and reducing the difficulty of system maintenance.
  • Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a load shedding system in related technologies
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a load shedding system provided by an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless access device provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another load shedding system provided by an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a load shedding method provided by an embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a wireless access device judging whether it establishes a connection with a control terminal according to an embodiment.
  • system and “network” are often used interchangeably herein.
  • the "and/or” mentioned in the present disclosure means any and all combinations including one or more related listed items.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, etc. in the specification, claims, and drawings of the present disclosure are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to limit a specific order.
  • FIG 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a load shedding system in related technologies.
  • the load shedding system includes the control master station layer, the control substation layer and the end user access layer. Different layers pass through SDH2M lines. Connection, due to the control master station device in the control master station layer, the control slave station device in the control slave station layer often does not have a 2M interface. In order to achieve SDH 2M line connection, it is necessary to configure the control master station device and the control slave station device separately Optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment, control master station device and optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment are connected through optical fiber, control sub-station equipment and optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment are connected through optical fiber, and optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment is connected through SDH 2M line.
  • the terminal user access layer includes the large user access device and the control terminal of the nearby substation.
  • the control terminal and the large user access device are connected by optical fiber.
  • the interruptible load of power users has the characteristics of small load, scattered geographical locations, and many users.
  • the control terminal is connected to the user’s nearest substation.
  • the method for large users to access the device requires the use of a large amount of optical fibers, which causes problems such as high investment cost, difficult coverage, and difficulty in later maintenance.
  • the present disclosure provides a load shedding system and method, which can make a control terminal directly connect to a wireless access device through a power wireless private network, which saves the investment cost of the system and reduces the difficulty of system maintenance.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a load shedding system provided by an embodiment.
  • the load shedding system provided in this embodiment includes: a control master station layer, a control substation layer, and an end user access layer.
  • the control master station layer includes the control master station device 10 and the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment 11, and the control master station device 10 and the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment 11 of the control master station floor are connected by optical fibers.
  • the main control station device 10 is usually a 500kV AC collection station with good conditions in the vicinity of the DC drop point converter station.
  • the main control station device 10 can receive load shedding instructions sent by the upper-level stability control system, and perform load distribution and issue Load shedding instructions.
  • the control sub-station layer includes the control sub-station device 20, the wireless access device 21 and the optical fiber/E1 conversion device 22.
  • the optical fiber/E1 conversion device 11 of the control main station layer and the optical fiber/E1 conversion device 22 of the control sub-station layer pass synchronous digital System SDH 2M line connection, control sub-station device 20 and control sub-station layer optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment 22 are connected through optical fiber, control the main station layer optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment 11 and control sub-station layer optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment 22
  • the SDH 2M line connection between the control master station device 10 and the control slave station device 20 is realized.
  • the control sub-station device 20 and the wireless access device 21 are connected by optical fibers, and the stability control dedicated COMSTC protocol can be adopted between the control sub-station device 20 and the wireless access device 21.
  • the control substation device 20 is usually a 500kV AC station and/or a 220kV AC station located in a load concentrated area.
  • the control slave station device 20 can collect the load-shedding capacity information in the area, and send the load-shedding capacity information to the control master station device 10, and execute the load shedding instruction sent by the control master station device 10.
  • the terminal user access layer includes the wireless core network equipment 30, the base station 31 and the control terminal 32.
  • the wireless access equipment 21 accesses the wireless core network equipment 30 through Ethernet, and the wireless core network equipment 30 is connected with the base station 31 through optical fiber, and the control terminal 32 Access to the wireless network of the base station 31 through customer terminal equipment (Customer Premise Equipment, CPE), and the control terminal 32 is connected to the CPE through Ethernet.
  • Each control terminal 32 can correspond to a CPE to realize the mutual conversion between wireless signals and wired signals.
  • the location of the base station 31 may be set near the control terminal 32.
  • the wireless core network equipment 30 and the base station 31 may jointly form a power wireless private network, where the power wireless private network may be a newly established power wireless private network, or an existing power wireless private network may be used, which is not limited in this embodiment .
  • the control terminal 32 is usually located in the user power distribution room.
  • the control terminal 32 can collect the user's load shedding amount information, and send the load shedding amount information to the control slave station device 20, and at the same time receive the load shedding instruction sent by the control slave station device 20 to quickly remove the interruptible load.
  • control master station device 10 is configured to send a load shedding capacity command to the control slave station device 20; the control slave station device 20 is configured to receive a load shedding capacity command, and generate a load shedding level instruction according to the load shedding capacity command , And send the load shedding level instruction to the wireless access device 21; or the control sub-station device 20 is set to send the time synchronization instruction to the wireless access device 21; the wireless access device 21 is set to receive the data sent by the control sub-station device 20 , Where the data includes load-shedding level instructions or timing instructions; check the data to determine whether the data is abnormal; parse the data in response to the judgment result that the data is normal; if the data is a load-shedding level instruction, set the flag , And send a load shedding instruction to the control terminal 32; when the data is a time synchronization instruction, perform the time synchronization operation according to the time synchronization information included in the time synchronization instruction; the control terminal 32 is set to perform load shedding operation according to the load shedding
  • the load shedding capacity command includes the load capacity to be removed.
  • the control substation device 20 After the control substation device 20 receives the load shedding capacity command, it calculates the level load to be removed by the control terminal 32 according to the load capacity to be removed, and Generate load shedding hierarchical instructions according to the hierarchical load to be removed by the control terminal 32, and send the load shedding hierarchical instruction to the wireless access device 21, and the wireless access device 21 parses the load shedding hierarchical instruction and generates a load shedding instruction that can be recognized by the control terminal 32 The load shedding instruction sends the load shedding instruction to the corresponding control terminal 32 so that the control terminal 32 cuts off the load of the corresponding level according to the load shedding instruction.
  • the above-mentioned load shedding system enables the control terminal 32 to directly connect to the wireless access equipment 21 through the power wireless private network composed of the wireless core network equipment 30 and the base station 31, without the need to connect to the large user access device of the user's nearby substation through optical fiber, thereby It saves the investment cost of the system and reduces the difficulty of system maintenance.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless access device provided by an embodiment.
  • the wireless access device 21 includes an FPGA chip 210, two single-mode optical fiber interfaces 211 and four indicator lights 212 respectively connected to the FPGA chip 210, and an Ethernet module 213 connected to the FPGA chip 210, respectively Four Ethernet interfaces 214, three RS-232 serial ports 215 and one RS-485 serial port 216 are connected to the Ethernet module 213.
  • the two single-mode optical fiber interfaces 211 are configured to communicate with the control sub-station device 20 based on the dedicated COMSTC protocol for stability control.
  • the four indicators 212 are a power indicator LED1, a running indicator LED2, an optical fiber communication indicator LED3, and a network communication indicator LED4.
  • the optical fiber communication indicator LED3 and the network communication indicator LED4 are red and green two-color indicator lights.
  • the four Ethernet interfaces 214 are ETH1, ETH2, ETH3, and ETH4. Among them, ETH1 and ETH2 are spare interfaces, and ETH3 is used to implement and control terminals based on the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60870-5-104 protocol 32 communications, ETH4 is used for engineering debugging.
  • IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
  • Any one of the three RS-232 serial ports 215 is set to print debugging information, and the remaining RS-232 serial ports are spare RS-232 serial ports.
  • the RS-485 serial port 216 is a spare RS-485 serial port, used to extend IEC 60870-5-103 and/or MODBUS applications.
  • MODBUS is a serial communication protocol used for serial ports, Ethernet and other network versions that support Internet protocols.
  • the Ethernet module 213 may select a PCI04 data acquisition card.
  • the wireless access device 21 may adopt a 1U chassis design, which has a compact structure, can save the space of the screen cabinet to the greatest extent, and is convenient for screen assembly design.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another load shedding system provided by an embodiment.
  • the terminal user access layer also includes a wireless access device 21 and a wireless core network.
  • the secure access gateway 33 to which the devices 30 are connected uses a control terminal with a security chip instead of a traditional control terminal.
  • the secure access gateway 33 and the secure chip can encrypt/decrypt data transmitted between the wireless access device 21 and the control terminal 32 to ensure the security requirements of the load shedding system.
  • a security chip is provided in the control terminal 32, and the security chip is paired with the security access gateway 33 to ensure the security requirements of the load shedding system.
  • This embodiment provides a load shedding system, including: a control master station layer, a control sub-station layer, and an end user access layer;
  • the control master station layer includes a control master station device and an optical fiber/E1 conversion device, a control master station device and control
  • the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment at the main station layer is connected by optical fiber;
  • the control sub-station layer includes optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment, control sub-station equipment and wireless access equipment, and the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment at the main station layer and the control sub-station layer
  • the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment is connected through the synchronous digital system SDH 2M line, the control sub-station device and the optical fiber/E1 conversion equipment at the control sub-station layer are connected through optical fiber, and the control sub-station device and wireless access equipment are connected through optical fiber; end user access
  • the layer includes wireless core network equipment, base stations and control terminals.
  • the wireless access equipment is connected to the wireless core network equipment through Ethernet.
  • the wireless core network equipment is connected to the base station through optical fiber.
  • the control terminal is connected to the wireless network of the base station through the customer terminal equipment CPE. . Since the control terminal can directly connect to the wireless access equipment through the power wireless private network composed of the wireless core network equipment and the base station, there is no need to connect to the large user access device of the user's nearest substation through the optical fiber, thereby saving the investment cost of the system and Reduce the difficulty of system maintenance.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a load shedding method provided by an embodiment. The method is applicable to the load shedding system in the above embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the method may include the following steps.
  • the wireless access device receives the data sent by the control substation device.
  • the wireless access device and the control sub-station device adopt a single-mode optical fiber communication mode
  • the communication protocol is a COMSTC protocol dedicated to stability control, and a data exchange is realized within 1.667 milliseconds (ms).
  • the format of the COMSTC data frame is shown in Table 1.
  • Serial number definition Size (bytes) address 1 Total receiving/sending frame length 1024 0x000-0x3FF
  • the COMSTC module for stability control is a communication module that integrates multi-layer protocols such as the link layer, transmission layer, and network layer, and is designed based on the FPGA core (Core), and can be flexibly reused.
  • the COMSTC module provides a standard memory peripheral interface to the central processing unit (CPU) of the two communication parties.
  • Each COMSTC contains a 2k-byte transceiver data area and a 128-byte register area. Since the COMSTC module integrates the content of the communication link layer and the transport layer, the communication parties only need to read and write data to the memory area to achieve reliable high-speed communication.
  • the COMSTC module simplifies the communication process between the two parties into a virtual dual-port memory, which can greatly reduce the processing burden of the CPU and realize high-speed and high-reliability data transmission. Multiple such modules can be integrated in a FPGA chip and can run in parallel, so the CPU can realize one-to-many communication as long as it accesses different memory segments.
  • the COMSTC module uses a line transmission rate of 32.768 megabits per second (Mbps), and the effective application layer data bandwidth for both communicating parties can reach 24Mbps.
  • the wireless access device verifies the data to determine whether the data is abnormal.
  • the main purpose of the wireless access device to verify the data is to determine whether the frame format of the data is complete and correct.
  • the wireless access device sends the data abnormality information to the control slave station device.
  • the wireless access device when the wireless access device judges that only one frame of data is abnormal, the wireless access device can discard the abnormal data; when the wireless access device judges that the continuous multiple frames of data are abnormal, the wireless access device can report to the control substation.
  • the device sends data abnormality information to notify the control slave device of the data abnormality.
  • the wireless access device parses the data.
  • the data may include load shedding instructions and time synchronization instructions.
  • the wireless access device sets an identification bit and sends a load shedding instruction to the control terminal, so that the control terminal performs a load shedding operation according to the load shedding instruction.
  • the wireless access device When the wireless access device establishes a connection with the control terminal, the wireless access device must send a load shedding instruction to the control terminal within 5ms after receiving the load shedding level instruction from the control sub-station device, so that the control terminal will follow the load shedding instruction , Perform load shedding operations.
  • the wireless access device sets the value of the flag flag of the data frame to 1.
  • the wireless access device when the wireless access device determines that the value of the flag flag is 1, it sends a load shedding instruction to the control terminal; when the wireless access device determines that the value of the flag flag is not 1, no operation is performed .
  • the wireless access device judging that the value of the flag flag is 1 may include: when the wireless access device judges that the flag values of three consecutive data frames are all 1, then it sends a load shedding instruction to the control terminal to Ensure data security.
  • the message frame of the load shedding instruction uses the extended 104 protocol, uses the type identification 0xB1, and the message body address is 0xC001.
  • the message frame format of the load shedding instruction sent by the wireless access device to the control terminal is shown in Table 2.
  • Serial number Field Name Field content Remarks 1 Starter 68 - 2 length 0E - 3 Send serial number XX XX Two-byte sending sequence number 4 Receive serial number XX XX Two-byte receiving sequence number 5 Type identification B1 Direct control 6 Variable structure qualifier 01 - 7 Reason for transmission 06 00 - 8 Public address 01 00 - 9 Message body address 01 C0 00 - 10 Information body 01 -
  • control terminal can also send data information such as load shedding feedback to the wireless access device.
  • data information such as load shedding feedback to the wireless access device.
  • the frame format of the information sent by the control terminal to the wireless access device is shown in Table 3.
  • the wireless access device sends the load shedding information to the control sub-station device.
  • the wireless access device may obtain the load shedding information through the control terminal.
  • the wireless access device can also obtain the abnormal information of the control terminal, the status of the pressing plate and other information through the control terminal, and send this information to the control substation device.
  • the wireless access device performs a time synchronization operation according to the time synchronization information included in the time synchronization instruction.
  • the wireless access equipment synchronizes the time of the wireless access equipment itself according to the time synchronization information, so as to synchronize the time of the wireless access equipment and the control substation device.
  • the wireless access device sends time synchronization completion information to the control sub-station device.
  • the wireless access device before the wireless access device sends the load shedding amount information to the control substation device and the load shedding command to the control terminal, the wireless access device can also determine whether it establishes a connection with the control terminal.
  • the wireless access device determining whether it establishes a connection with the control terminal includes S2010 and S2020.
  • S2010 The wireless access device judges whether to establish a connection with the control terminal.
  • the wireless access device and the control terminal adopt the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol to communicate, and it is determined whether the wireless access device establishes a connection with the control terminal every 200ms.
  • the specific definition and protocol should meet the requirements of DL/T 634.5104-2009.
  • the wireless access device In response to the judgment result that the wireless access device has not established a connection with the control terminal, the wireless access device establishes a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection with the control terminal.
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • the wireless access device can communicate with the control terminal.
  • the wireless access device can also perform T0, T1, T2, and T3 timeout processing on the connection in accordance with the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol communication, and perform the data call timeout TC processing to ensure wireless access The connection between the device and the control terminal.
  • the wireless access device can support the access of 64 control terminals at most, and the instruction issuance process is simple, ensuring that all control terminals can receive instructions within 5ms.
  • This embodiment provides a load shedding method, including: a wireless access device receives data sent by a control sub-station device; the wireless access device verifies the data to determine whether the data is abnormal; responding to the verification result that the data is normal, The wireless access device parses the data and confirms the type of the data; when the data type is a load shedding instruction, the wireless access device sets the identification bit and sends the load shedding instruction to the control terminal, so that the control terminal according to the load shedding instruction , Perform load shedding operation; wireless access equipment sends the load shedding information to the control sub-station device. It can realize load shedding when the control terminal is directly connected to the wireless access equipment through the power wireless private network composed of the wireless core network equipment and the base station.
  • This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the load shedding method as described in the above-mentioned embodiment is implemented.
  • the computer storage medium of this embodiment may adopt any combination of one or more computer-readable media.
  • the computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any combination of the above.
  • Non-exhaustive list of computer-readable storage media include: electrical connections with one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM) or flash memory, optical fiber, and portable compact disk read-only memory (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, CD-ROM) , Optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the above.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, and the program can be used by or in combination with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as a part of a carrier wave, and the computer-readable program code is carried in the data signal. This propagated data signal can take many forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • the computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than the computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable medium may send, propagate, or transmit for use by the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, or use with the instruction execution system, A program used in conjunction with a device or device.
  • the program code contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted by any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wire, optical cable, radio frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.
  • any suitable medium including but not limited to wireless, wire, optical cable, radio frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.
  • the computer program code used to perform the operations of the present disclosure can be written in one or more programming languages or a combination of multiple programming languages.
  • the programming languages include object-oriented programming languages-such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and Conventional procedural programming language-such as "C" language or similar programming language.
  • the program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, executed as an independent software package, partly on the user's computer and partly executed on a remote computer, or entirely executed on the remote computer or server.
  • the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network-including Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN)-or it can be connected to an external computer ( For example, use an Internet service provider to connect via the Internet).
  • LAN Local Area Network
  • WAN Wide Area Network

Abstract

本文公开了一种切负荷系统及方法。该切负荷系统包括：控制主站层、控制子站层和终端用户接入层；控制主站层包括控制主站装置和光纤/E1转换设备；控制子站层包括光纤/E1转换设备、控制子站装置和无线接入设备；终端用户接入层包括无线核心网设备、基站和控制终端，无线接入设备通过以太网接入无线核心网设备，无线核心网设备与基站通过光纤连接，控制终端通过客户终端设备CPE接入基站的无线网络中。

Description

切负荷系统及方法
本公开要求在2019年02月01日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910103475.6的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电力系统技术领域，例如涉及一种切负荷系统及方法。
背景技术
精准切负荷系统能够将分散性的电力用户可中断负荷集中起来进行毫秒级精准控制，实施灵活调节，达到电力供需瞬时平衡。精准切负荷系统通常可以分为三层，即控制主站层、控制子站层和终端用户接入层。
相关技术的精准切负荷系统中，终端用户接入层往往使用裸纤方式将控制终端接入用户就近变电站的大用户接入装置，以实现控制终端的接入。然而，电力用户可中断负荷具有负荷量小，地理位置分散，用户多等特点，在用户点多面广、路径及环境复杂、城市廊道资源匮乏等场景中，将控制终端接入用户就近变电站的大用户接入装置的方法需要使用大量的光纤，引发投资成本高、覆盖难、后期维护困难等问题。
发明内容
本公开提供一种切负荷系统及方法，能够使控制终端通过电力无线专网直接与无线接入设备连接，节约了系统的投资成本，并降低了系统的维护难度。
本公开提供了一种精准切负荷系统，包括：控制主站层、控制子站层和终端用户接入层；其中，
控制主站层包括控制主站装置和光纤/E1转换设备，控制主站装置和控制主站层的光纤/E1转换设备通过光纤连接；
控制子站层包括光纤/E1转换设备、控制子站装置和无线接入设备，控制主站层的光纤/E1转换设备和控制子站层的光纤/E1转换设备通过同步数字体系同步数字体系(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy，SDH)2兆比特(M)线路连接，控制子站装置和控制子站层的光纤/E1转换设备通过光纤连接，控制子站装置和 无线接入设备通过光纤连接；
终端用户接入层包括无线核心网设备、基站和控制终端，无线接入设备通过以太网接入无线核心网设备，无线核心网设备与基站通过光纤连接，控制终端通过客户终端设备CPE接入基站的无线网络中；
控制主站装置设置为向控制子站装置发送发送切负荷容量命令；
控制子站装置设置为接收切负荷容量命令，并根据切负荷容量命令生成切负荷层级指令，并将切负荷层级指令发送至无线接入设备；或者控制子站装置设置为向无线接入设备发送对时指令；
无线接入设备设置为接收控制子站装置发送的数据，其中，数据包括所述切负荷层级指令或对时指令；对数据进行校验，判断数据是否异常；响应于数据正常的判断结果，解析数据；在数据为切负荷层级指令的情况下，设置标识位，并向控制终端发送切负荷指令；在数据为对时指令的情况下，根据对时指令包括的对时信息，进行对时操作；
控制终端设置为根据切负荷指令，执行切负荷操作。
在一实施例中，控制主站装置安装在500kV交流汇集站，控制子站装置安装在500kV交流站和/或220kV交流站。
在一实施例中，无线接入设备包括：现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)芯片，分别与FPGA芯片连接的两个单模光纤接口和四个指示灯，与FPGA芯片连接的以太网模块，分别与以太网模块连接的四个以太网接口，三个推荐标准(Recommand Standard，RS)-232串口和一个RS-485串口。
在一实施例中，两个单模光纤接口设置为基于稳控专用(COMmunication for STability Control，COMSTC)协议，实现与控制子站装置通信；
四个指示灯分别为电源指示灯、运行指示灯、光纤通信指示灯和网络通信指示灯；
四个以太网接口分别为ETH1、ETH2、ETH3和ETH4，其中，ETH1和ETH2为备用接口，ETH3设置为基于国际电工委员会(International Electrotechnical Commission，IEC)60870-5-104规约，实现与控制终端通信，ETH4用于工程 调试；
三个RS-232串口中的任意一个RS-232串口设置为打印调试信息，其余RS-232串口为备用RS-232串口；
RS-485串口为备用RS-485串口，设置为扩展IEC 60870-5-103和/或MODBUS应用。
在一实施例中，终端用户接入层还包括与无线接入设备和无线核心网设备均连接的安全接入网关，安全接入网关设置为对无线接入设备和控制终端之间的数据进行加密或解密；控制终端内设置有安全芯片，安全芯片设置为对无线接入设备和控制终端之间的数据进行加密或解密。
本公开还提供了一种切负荷方法，方法适用于如上所述的任一的切负荷系统，方法包括：
无线接入设备接收控制子站装置发送的数据；
无线接入设备对数据进行校验，判断数据是否异常；
响应于数据正常的判断结果，无线接入设备解析数据，确认数据的类型；
在数据的类型为切负荷指令的情况下，无线接入设备设置标识位，并向控制终端发送切负荷指令，以使得控制终端根据切负荷指令，执行切负荷操作；
无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送可切负荷量信息。
在一实施例中，上述方法还包括：
响应于数据异常的判断结果，无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送数据异常信息。
在一实施例中，上述方法还包括：
在数据的类型为对时指令的情况下，无线接入设备根据对时指令包括的对时信息，进行对时操作；
无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送对时完成信息。
在一实施例中，在无线接入设备向控制终端发送切负荷指令前，还包括：
无线接入设备判断是否与控制终端建立连接；
响应于无线接入设备未与控制终端建立连接的判断结果，无线接入设备建 立与控制终端的传输控制协议TCP连接。
在一实施例中，在无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送可切负荷量信息前，还包括：
无线接入设备通过控制终端获取可切负荷量信息。
本公开还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上所述的任一的切负荷方法。
本公开提供的精准切负荷系统中，由于控制终端能够通过无线核心网设备与基站组成的电力无线专网直接与无线接入设备连接，无需再通过光纤与用户就近变电站的大用户接入装置连接，从而节约了系统的投资成本，并降低了系统的维护难度。
附图说明
图1是相关技术中的一种切负荷系统的结构示意图；
图2是一实施例提供的一种切负荷系统的结构示意图；
图3是一实施例提供的一种无线接入设备的结构示意图；
图4是一实施例提供的另一种切负荷系统的结构示意图；
图5是一实施例提供的一种切负荷方法的流程示意图；
图6是一实施例提供的一种无线接入设备判断自身是否与控制终端建立连接的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本公开进行说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本公开，而非对本公开的限定。另外，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本公开相关的部分而非全部结构。
本公开中术语“系统”和“网络”在本文中常被可互换使用。本公开中提到的“和/或”是指包括一个或更多个相关所列项目的任何和所有组合。本公开的说明书和权利要求书及附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于限定特定顺序。
图1为相关技术中的一种切负荷系统的结构示意图，如图1所示，切负荷系统包括控制主站层、控制子站层和终端用户接入层，不同的层之间通过SDH2M线路连接，由于控制主站层中的控制主站装置，控制子站层中的控制子站装置往往不具备2M接口，为了实现SDH 2M线路连接，需要分别为控制主站装置和控制子站装置配置光纤/E1转换设备，控制主站装置和光纤/E1转换设备通过光纤连接，控制子站装置和光纤/E1转换设备通过光纤连接，光纤/E1转换设备之间通过SDH 2M线路连接。终端用户接入层包括用户就近变电站的大用户接入装置和控制终端，控制终端与大用户接入装置通过光纤连接。然而，电力用户可中断负荷具有负荷量小，地理位置分散，用户多等特点，在用户点多面广、路径及环境复杂、城市廊道资源匮乏等场景中，将控制终端接入用户就近变电站的大用户接入装置的方法需要使用大量的光纤，引发投资成本高、覆盖难、后期维护困难等问题。
本公开提供了一种切负荷系统及方法，能够使控制终端通过电力无线专网直接与无线接入设备连接，节约了系统的投资成本，并降低了系统的维护难度。
下面，对切负荷系统、方法及其技术效果进行描述。
图2为一实施例提供的一种切负荷系统的结构示意图，参见图2，本实施例提供的切负荷系统包括：控制主站层、控制子站层和终端用户接入层。
控制主站层包括控制主站装置10和光纤/E1转换设备11，控制主站装置10和控制主站层的光纤/E1转换设备11通过光纤连接。
控制主站装置10通常为设在直流落点换流站近区通道条件好的500kV交流汇集站，控制主站装置10可以接收上级稳控系统发送的切负荷指令，并进行负荷分配，下发切负荷指令。
控制子站层包括控制子站装置20、无线接入设备21和光纤/E1转换设备22，控制主站层的光纤/E1转换设备11和控制子站层的光纤/E1转换设备22通过同步数字体系SDH 2M线路连接，控制子站装置20和控制子站层的光纤/E1转换设备22通过光纤连接，控制主站层的光纤/E1转换设备11和控制子站层的光纤/E1转换设备22实现了控制主站装置10与控制子站装置20之间的SDH 2M线路连接。控制子站装置20和无线接入设备21通过光纤连接，控制子站装置20和无线接入设备21之间可以采用稳控专用COMSTC协议。
控制子站装置20通常为设在负荷集中区域的500kV交流站和/或220kV交流站。控制子站装置20可以收集本地区可切负荷量信息，并将可切负荷量信息发送至控制主站装置10，并执行控制主站装置10发送的切负荷指令。
终端用户接入层包括无线核心网设备30、基站31和控制终端32，无线接入设备21通过以太网接入无线核心网设备30，无线核心网设备30与基站31通过光纤连接，控制终端32通过客户终端设备(Customer Premise Equipment，CPE)接入基站31的无线网络中，控制终端32通过以太网和CPE连接。每个控制终端32可以对应一个CPE，实现无线信号与有线信号的互转。基站31的位置可以设置在控制终端32附近。
无线核心网设备30与基站31可以共同组成电力无线专网，其中，电力无线专网可以为新组建的电力无线专网，也可以利用已有的电力无线专网，本实施例对此不作限制。
控制终端32通常设在用户配电房。控制终端32可以采集用户的可切负荷量信息，并发送可切负荷量信息至控制子站装置20，同时接收控制子站装置20发送的切负荷指令，以快速切除可中断负荷。
在一实施例中，控制主站装置10设置为向控制子站装置20发送发送切负荷容量命令；控制子站装置20设置为接收切负荷容量命令，并根据切负荷容量命令生成切负荷层级指令，并将切负荷层级指令发送至无线接入设备21；或者控制子站装置20设置为向无线接入设备21发送对时指令；无线接入设备21设置为接收控制子站装置20发送的数据，其中，数据包括切负荷层级指令或对时指令；对数据进行校验，判断数据是否异常；响应于数据正常的判断结果，解析数据；在数据为切负荷层级指令的情况下，设置标识位，并向控制终端32发送切负荷指令；在数据为对时指令的情况下，根据对时指令包括的对时信息，进行对时操作；控制终端32设置为根据切负荷指令，执行切负荷操作。
本实施例中，切负荷容量指令中包括所需切除的负荷容量，控制子站装置20接收到切负荷容量指令后，根据所需切除的负荷容量计算控制终端32所需切除的层级负荷，并根据控制终端32所需切除的层级负荷生成切负荷层级指令，并将切负荷层级指令发送至无线接入设备21，无线接入设备21对切负荷层级指令进行解析并生成控制终端32可识别的切负荷指令，将切负荷指令发送至对应 的控制终端32，以使控制终端32根据切负荷指令切除对应层级的负荷。
上述切负荷系统能够使控制终端32通过无线核心网设备30与基站31组成的电力无线专网直接与无线接入设备21连接，无需再通过光纤与用户就近变电站的大用户接入装置连接，从而节约了系统的投资成本，并降低了系统的维护难度。
图3为一实施例提供的一种无线接入设备的结构示意图。如图3所示，无线接入设备21包括：FPGA芯片210，分别与FPGA芯片210连接的两个单模光纤接口211和四个指示灯212，与FPGA芯片210连接的以太网模块213，分别与以太网模块213连接的四个以太网接口214，三个RS-232串口215和一个RS-485串口216。
两个单模光纤接口211设置为基于稳控专用COMSTC协议，实现与控制子站装置20通信。
四个指示灯212分别为电源指示灯LED1、运行指示灯LED2、光纤通信指示灯LED3和网络通信指示灯LED4。在一实施例中，光纤通信指示灯LED3和网络通信指示灯LED4为红绿双色指示灯。
四个以太网接口214分别为ETH1、ETH2、ETH3和ETH4，其中，ETH1和ETH2为备用接口，ETH3用于基于国际电工委员会(International Electrotechnical Commission，IEC)60870-5-104规约，实现与控制终端32通信，ETH4用于工程调试。
三个RS-232串口215中的任意一个RS-232串口设置为打印调试信息，其余RS-232串口为备用RS-232串口。
RS-485串口216为备用RS-485串口，用于扩展IEC 60870-5-103和/或MODBUS应用。MODBUS一种串行通信协议，用于串口、以太网以及其他支持互联网协议的网络的版本。
在一实施例中，以太网模块213可以选择PCI04数据采集卡。
在一实施例中，无线接入设备21可以采用1U机箱设计，该设计结构紧凑，可最大程度上节约屏柜空间，便于组屏设计。
在上述实施例的基础上，图4为一实施例提供的另一种切负荷系统的结构 示意图，与图2不同的是，终端用户接入层还包括与无线接入设备21和无线核心网设备30均连接的安全接入网关33，采用了带安全芯片的控制终端替代了传统的控制终端。安全接入网关33与安全芯片能够对无线接入设备21和控制终端32之间传输的数据进行加密/解密，以保证切负荷系统的安全需求。
在一实施例中，控制终端32内设置有安全芯片，安全芯片和安全接入网关33配对使用，以保证切负荷系统的安全需求。
本实施例提供一种切负荷系统，包括：控制主站层、控制子站层和终端用户接入层；控制主站层包括控制主站装置和光纤/E1转换设备，控制主站装置和控制主站层的光纤/E1转换设备通过光纤连接；控制子站层包括光纤/E1转换设备、控制子站装置和无线接入设备，控制主站层的光纤/E1转换设备和控制子站层的光纤/E1转换设备通过同步数字体系SDH 2M线路连接，控制子站装置和控制子站层的光纤/E1转换设备通过光纤连接，控制子站装置和无线接入设备通过光纤连接；终端用户接入层包括无线核心网设备、基站和控制终端，无线接入设备通过以太网接入无线核心网设备，无线核心网设备与基站通过光纤连接，控制终端通过客户终端设备CPE接入基站的无线网络中。由于控制终端能够通过无线核心网设备与基站组成的电力无线专网直接与无线接入设备连接，无需再通过光纤与用户就近变电站的大用户接入装置连接，从而节约了系统的投资成本，并降低了系统的维护难度。
图5为一实施例提供的一种切负荷方法的流程示意图，该方法适用于上述实施例中的切负荷系统，如图5所示，该方法可以包括如下步骤。
S1010、无线接入设备接收控制子站装置发送的数据。
在一实施例中，无线接入设备与控制子站装置采用单模光纤通信方式，通信协议为稳控专用COMSTC协议，1.667毫秒(ms)内实现一次数据交互。COMSTC数据帧格式如表1所示。
表1
序号 定义 大小(字节) 地址
1 收/发总帧长 1024 0x000-0x3FF
2 COMSTC寄存器区 64 0x000-0x03F
3 通信应用数据区 960 0x040-0x3FF
4 每通道数据长度 12/16/32/40/64/80 -
5 每帧通信通道数 80/60/30/24/15/12 -
稳控专用COMSTC模块是一种集成了链路层、传输层、网络层等多层协议，基于FPGA的内核(Core)设计的，可灵活重用的通信模块。COMSTC模块对通信双方的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)提供标准的内存外设接口，每路COMSTC包含2k字节收发数据区和128字节寄存器区。由于COMSTC模块集成了通信链路层和传输层的内容，通信双方仅需向内存区读写数据就能实现可靠的高速通信。COMSTC模块将双方的通信过程简化为一个虚拟的双端口内存，这样可以大幅度减轻CPU的处理负担，实现高速和高可靠性的数据传输。在一块FPGA芯片内可以集成多个这样的模块且能够并行运行，故CPU只要访问不同的内存段即可实现一对多的通信。COMSTC模块使用32.768兆比特每秒(Mbps)的线路传输速率，对于通信双方的有效应用层数据带宽可达24Mbps。
S1020、无线接入设备对数据进行校验，判断数据是否异常。
无线接入设备对数据进行校验主要是为了判断数据的帧格式是否完整、正确。
S1030、响应于数据异常的判断结果，无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送数据异常信息。
在一实施例中，当无线接入设备判断仅有一帧数据异常，无线接入设备可以丢弃该异常数据；当无线接入设备判断连续多帧数据均异常，无线接入设备可以向控制子站装置发送数据异常信息，以将数据异常的情况告知控制子站装置。
S1040、响应于数据正常的判断结果，无线接入设备解析数据。
在一实施例中，数据可以包括切负荷指令和对时指令。
S1050、在数据为切负荷层级指令的情况下，无线接入设备设置标识位，并向 控制终端发送切负荷指令，以使得控制终端根据切负荷指令，执行切负荷操作。
在无线接入设备与控制终端建立连接时，无线接入设备在收到控制子站装置的切负荷层级指令后的5ms内必须向控制终端发送一次切负荷指令，以使得控制终端根据切负荷指令，执行切负荷操作。
在一实施例中，无线接入设备将数据帧的标识位flag的值设为1。
在一实施例中，当无线接入设备判断标识位flag的值为1时，向控制终端发送切负荷指令；当无线接入设备判断标识位flag的值不为1时，则不执行任何操作。
在一实施例中，无线接入设备判断标识位flag的值为1可以包括：无线接入设备判断连续三个数据帧的flag的值均为1时，才向控制终端发送切负荷指令，以保证数据的安全性。
切负荷指令的报文帧采用扩展104协议，采用类型标识0xB1，信息体地址为0xC001。无线接入设备向控制终端发送的切负荷指令的报文帧格式如表2所示。
表2
序号 字段名称 字段内容 备注
1 启动符 68 -
2 长度 0E -
3 发送序号 XX XX 两个字节的发送序号
4 接收序号 XX XX 两个字节的接收序号
5 类型标识 B1 直控
6 可变结构限定词 01 -
7 传送原因 06 00 -
8 公共地址 01 00 -
9 信息体地址 01 C0 00 -
10 信息体 01 -
相应的，控制终端还可以向无线接入设备发送切负荷反馈等数据信息，控制终端向无线接入设备发送的信息的帧格式如表3所示。
表3
序号 字段名称 字段内容 备注
1 启动符 68 -
2 长度 0E -
3 发送序号 XX XX 两个字节的发送序号
4 接收序号 XX XX 两个字节的接收序号
5 类型标识 B1 直控
6 可变结构限定词 01 -
7 传送原因 07 00 肯定确认
8 公共地址 47 00 否定确认
8 公共地址 01 00 -
9 信息体地址 01 C0 00 -
本实施例中，上述表2和表3中的字段内容均为十六进制数。
S1060、无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送可切负荷量信息。
在一实施例中，在无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送可切负荷量信息前，无线接入设备可以通过控制终端获取可切负荷量信息。另外，无线接入设备还可以通过控制终端获取控制终端的异常信息、压板状态等信息，并将此信息发送至控制子站装置。
S1070、在数据为对时指令的情况下，无线接入设备根据对时指令包括的对时信息，进行对时操作。
无线接入设备根据对时信息，对无线接入设备自身对时，以使无线接入设备与控制子站装置的时间同步。
S1080、无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送对时完成信息。
另外，如图6所示，在无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送可切负荷量信息以及向控制终端发送切负荷命令之前，无线接入设备还可以判断自身是否与控制终端建立连接。无线接入设备判断自身是否与控制终端建立连接包括S2010和S2020。
S2010、无线接入设备判断是否与控制终端建立连接。
无线接入设备与控制终端采用IEC 60870-5-104规约通信，每隔200ms判断一次无线接入设备是否与控制终端建立连接。具体定义及规约应符合DL/T 634.5104-2009的要求。
S2020、响应于无线接入设备未与控制终端建立连接的判断结果，无线接入设备建立与控制终端的传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol，TCP)连接。
响应于无线接入设备与控制终端建立连接的判断结果，无线接入设备可以与控制终端进行通信。
在一实施例中，无线接入设备还可以按照IEC 60870-5-104规约通信对连接进行T0、T1、T2和T3的超时处理，并进行数据总召超时TC的处理，以保证无线接入设备与控制终端之间的连接。
无线接入设备最大可以支持64个控制终端的接入，指令下发过程简洁，保证了所有控制终端能够在5ms内收到指令。
本实施例提供了一种切负荷方法，包括：无线接入设备接收控制子站装置发送的数据；无线接入设备对数据进行校验，判断数据是否异常；响应于数据正常的校验结果，则无线接入设备解析数据，确认数据的类型；在数据的类型为切负荷指令的情况下，无线接入设备设置标识位，并向控制终端发送切负荷指令，以使得控制终端根据切负荷指令，执行切负荷操作；无线接入设备向控制子站装置发送可切负荷量信息。能够在控制终端通过无线核心网设备与基站组成的电力无线专网直接与无线接入设备连接的情况下，实现切负荷。
本实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现如上述实施例描述的切负荷方法。
本实施例的计算机存储介质，可以采用一个或多个计算机可读的介质的任意组合。计算机可读介质可以是计算机可读信号介质或者计算机可读存储介质。 计算机可读存储介质例如可以是——但不限于——电、磁、光、电磁、红外线、或半导体的系统、装置或器件，或者任意以上的组合。计算机可读存储介质的更具体的例子(非穷举的列表)包括：具有一个或多个导线的电连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可擦式可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EPROM)或闪存、光纤、便携式紧凑磁盘只读存储器(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory，CD-ROM)、光存储器件、磁存储器件、或者上述的任意合适的组合。在本文件中，计算机可读存储介质可以是任何包含或存储程序的有形介质，该程序可以被指令执行系统、装置或者器件使用或者与指令执行系统、装置或者器件结合使用。
计算机可读的信号介质可以包括在基带中或者作为载波一部分传播的数据信号，数据信号中承载了计算机可读的程序代码。这种传播的数据信号可以采用多种形式，包括但不限于电磁信号、光信号或上述的任意合适的组合。计算机可读的信号介质还可以是计算机可读存储介质以外的任何计算机可读介质，该计算机可读介质可以发送、传播或者传输用于由指令执行系统、装置或者器件使用或者与指令执行系统、装置或者器件结合使用的程序。
计算机可读介质上包含的程序代码可以用任何适当的介质传输，包括——但不限于无线、电线、光缆、射频(Radio Frequency，RF)等等，或者上述的任意合适的组合。
可以以一种或多种程序设计语言或多种程序设计语言组合来编写用于执行本公开操作的计算机程序代码，程序设计语言包括面向对象的程序设计语言-诸如Java、Smalltalk、C++，还包括常规的过程式程序设计语言-诸如”C”语言或类似的程序设计语言。程序代码可以完全地在用户计算机上执行、部分地在用户计算机上执行、作为一个独立的软件包执行、部分在用户计算机上部分在远程计算机上执行、或者完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。在涉及远程计算机的情形中，远程计算机可以通过任意种类的网络——包括局域网(Local Area Network，LAN)或广域网(Wide Area Network，WAN)-连接到用户计算机，或者，可以连接到外部计算机(例如利用因特网服务提供商来通过因特网连接)。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种切负荷系统，包括：控制主站层、控制子站层和终端用户接入层；其中，
    所述控制主站层包括控制主站装置和光纤/E1转换设备，所述控制主站装置和所述控制主站层的光纤/E1转换设备通过光纤连接；
    所述控制子站层包括光纤/E1转换设备、控制子站装置和无线接入设备，所述控制主站层的光纤/E1转换设备和所述控制子站层的光纤/E1转换设备通过同步数字体系SDH 2M线路连接，所述控制子站装置和所述控制子站层的光纤/E1转换设备通过光纤连接，所述控制子站装置和所述无线接入设备通过光纤连接；所述终端用户接入层包括无线核心网设备、基站和控制终端，所述无线接入设备通过以太网接入所述无线核心网设备，所述无线核心网设备与所述基站通过光纤连接，所述控制终端通过客户终端设备CPE接入所述基站的无线网络中；
    所述控制主站装置设置为向所述控制子站装置发送发送切负荷容量命令；
    所述控制子站装置设置为接收所述切负荷容量命令，并根据所述切负荷容量命令生成切负荷层级指令，并将所述切负荷层级指令发送至所述无线接入设备；或者所述控制子站装置设置为向所述无线接入设备发送对时指令；
    所述无线接入设备设置为接收所述控制子站装置发送的数据，其中，所述数据包括所述切负荷层级指令或所述对时指令；对所述数据进行校验，判断所述数据是否异常；响应于所述数据正常的判断结果，解析所述数据；在所述数据为所述切负荷层级指令的情况下，设置标识位，并向所述控制终端发送切负荷指令；在所述数据为所述对时指令的情况下，根据所述对时指令包括的对时信息，进行对时操作；
    所述控制终端设置为根据所述切负荷指令，执行切负荷操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述控制主站装置安装在500kV交流汇集站，所述控制子站装置安装在500kV交流站和220kV交流站中的至少之一。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其中，所述无线接入设备包括：现场可编程逻辑门阵列FPGA芯片，分别与所述FPGA芯片连接的两个单模光纤接口和四个指示灯，与所述FPGA芯片连接的以太网模块，分别与所述以太网模块连接的四个以太网接口，三个推荐标准RS-232串口和一个RS-485串口。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的系统，其中，
    所述两个单模光纤接口设置为基于稳控专用COMSTC协议，实现与所述控制子站装置通信；
    所述四个指示灯分别为电源指示灯、运行指示灯、光纤通信指示灯和网络通信指示灯；
    所述四个以太网接口分别为ETH1、ETH2、ETH3和ETH4，其中，ETH1和ETH2为备用接口，ETH3设置为基于国际电工委员会IEC 60870-5-104规约，实现与所述控制终端通信，ETH4用于工程调试；
    所述三个RS-232串口中的任意一个RS-232串口设置为打印调试信息，其余RS-232串口为备用RS-232串口；
    所述RS-485串口为备用RS-485串口，用于扩展所述IEC 60870-5-103和MODBUS应用中的至少之一。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述终端用户接入层还包括与所述无线接入设备和所述无线核心网设备均连接的安全接入网关，所述安全接入网关设置为对所述无线接入设备和所述控制终端之间的数据进行加密或解密；所述控制终端内设置有安全芯片，所述安全芯片设置为对所述无线接入设备和所述控制终端之间的数据进行加密或解密。
  6. 一种切负荷方法，适用于如权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的切负荷系统，包括：
    无线接入设备接收控制子站装置发送的数据；
    所述无线接入设备对所述数据进行校验，判断所述数据是否异常；
    响应于所述数据正常的判断结果，所述无线接入设备解析所述数据，；
    在所述数据为切负荷层级指令指令的情况下，所述无线接入设备设置标识位，并向控制终端发送切负荷指令，以使得所述控制终端根据所述切负荷指令，执行切负荷操作。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
    所述无线接入设备向所述控制子站装置发送可切负荷量信息。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，还包括：
    响应于所述数据异常的判断结果，所述无线接入设备向所述控制子站装置发送数据异常信息。
  9. 根据权利要求6、7或8所述的方法，还包括：
    在所述数据为对时指令的情况下，所述无线接入设备根据所述对时指令包括的对时信息，进行对时操作；
    所述无线接入设备向所述控制子站装置发送对时完成信息。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一项所述的方法，在所述无线接入设备向控制终端发送切负荷指令前，还包括：
    所述无线接入设备判断是否与所述控制终端建立连接；
    响应于所述无线接入设备未与所述控制终端建立连接的判断结果，所述无线接入设备建立与所述控制终端的传输控制协议TCP连接。
  11. 根据权利要求6-10任一项所述的方法，在所述无线接入设备向所述控制子站装置发送可切负荷量信息前，还包括：
    所述无线接入设备通过所述控制终端获取所述可切负荷量信息。
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