WO2020152340A1

WO2020152340A1 - Power supply device and method for supplying power in a controlled fashion to at least one electric load

Info

Publication number: WO2020152340A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/051782
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nicola HERBST; Jochen Zeuch; Bruno Muth
Original assignee: Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co.Kg
Priority date: 2019-01-25
Filing date: 2020-01-24
Publication date: 2020-07-30

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply device (100) for supplying power in a controlled fashion to at least one electric load R1-RN, which power supply device is designed to determine the ambient temperature and/or the input voltage (Vin) and/or the temperature of at least one component (TR1, D10) of the power supply device and/or the average current load of the power supply device. The power supply device has a circuit unit (500, 600), which is designed to reduce a first current limit value as far as a second current limit value in a time-continuous and value-continuous manner or in a time-continuous and value-discrete manner as a function of the ambient temperature and/or the input voltage (Vin) and/or the temperature of at least one component (Tr1, D10) of the power supply device and/or the average current load of the power supply device. A control unit (201, 202) is designed, in response to the current limit values provided by the circuit device (500, 600), to reduce the output current provided by the power supply device from the first current limit value (IL1) to the second current limit value (IMAX) in a time-continuous and value-continuous manner or in a time-continuous and value-discrete manner.

Description

Power supply device and method for regulated energy supply of at least one electrical

Consumer

description

The invention relates to a power supply device and a method for the regulated energy supply of at least one electrical consumer.

Power supplies do the job

Supply voltage to the respective consumer

adapt. Depending on the feeding source, the

Input voltage in the hazardous area above a certain voltage limit. An industrial control cabinet is usually powered by a dangerous voltage of 120VAC / 230VAC, a battery

DC voltage of 11 OVDC / 220VDC or low voltages up to 1000VAC / 1500VDC. For this purpose, requirements regarding electrical safety, such as insulation distances or materials and protection against accidental contact, must be observed. The

Consumers in a control cabinet, such as a controller (for example a PLC), sensors and / or

Actuators are powered by a safety extra low voltage (SELV = Safety Extra Low Voltage) that is less than 60VDC. As a result, no increased requirements for electrical safety in the consumer or its connections have to be implemented.

Industrial consumers are usually supplied with a constant DC voltage VOUT of 24VDC.

The task of a power supply is the dangerous one Separate input voltage V _IN from the touchable output voltage V _OU T safely and a constant

To provide supply voltage. A disadvantage of the low supply voltage is that the currents P = U * I -> 12 = U1 / U2 * II, which increase in inverse proportion with the same power, can usually go up to the range of a few 10A, typically up to 40A. In order to keep the losses over the supply voltage lines low, correspondingly large cable cross sections are required, with the line losses PV according to the equation

Pv = I ² * Reu increase quadratically with the current.

A power supply is usually with a transformer operated at mains frequency or a

Switching power supply realized. The transformer galvanically separates the input voltage from the output voltage and reduces the input voltage with the ratio of the turns. The size of the transformer depends on the frequency of the AC voltage. Accordingly, at

Mains frequency 50/60 Hz operated transformers are significantly larger, heavier and more expensive than with a much higher frequency (e.g. 20 kHz) clocked transformers of a switching power supply.

50Hz / 60Hz transformer power supplies can usually not regulate the voltage, but transform it with a fixed ratio and are assigned to the respective

Adjusted input voltage. A transformer cannot be supplied with DC voltage either.

Mains voltage fluctuations lead to

Supply voltage fluctuations at the consumers.

This is particularly the case for small services

Output voltage of a transformer depending on the Workload. A subsequent electronic control on the secondary side has the disadvantage that it is very large

Stream works and is therefore very lossy.

Because of these disadvantages, primary clocked

Power supplies developed. These usually generate a DC voltage of 24VDC and provide a power of up to a few kW or currents up to 60A, which are limited by the maximum usual 16mm ² cable cross-section.

DE 10 2005 031 833 A1 describes an electronic one

Power supply device known, which can be designed as a switching power supply. The well-known

Power supply device has a device for limiting the output current of the

Power supply device to a first predetermined value. Furthermore, a device is provided which, in response to the detection of an electrical fault, sets the output current for a predetermined time to a second predetermined value which is greater than the first value. In addition, a limiting device is provided, which the output current after the

predetermined time is suddenly formed to the first predetermined value.

WO 2015/082207 A1 is a

Power supply device for limiting the

Output current known. The well-known

Power supply device has one

Current limiting circuit which initially limits an output current of the power supply device to an increased maximum current for a period of time and then abruptly limited to a regular maximum flow, the

Period. For which the output current on the increased

Maximum current is limited, depends on the level of the output current.

With the two known power supply devices according to DE 10 2005 031 833 Al and WO 2015/082207 Al, circuit breakers can be triggered magnetically quickly.

From EP 1 971 021 A2 a circuit arrangement for controlling a switching power supply is known, the

Output current increased to three times the nominal current if necessary and then in stages during one

Time of several seconds can be reduced.

In Fig. 1 an exemplary system is shown, which, shown as block diagrams, one

Power supply device 100, at the output of which, for example, two electrical consumers RI and RN are connected in parallel, each with the

Output voltage V _{0UT of} the power supply _device 100 are fed.

The power supply device 100 is one of the

Component _dimensioning corresponding current ready or available, which is specified as the nominal current I _{N0M of} the switching power supply. Will be more than that by consumers

_Rated current I _N0M recorded, the switching power supply 100 limits the output current to a somewhat higher maximum

Output current IM _A X · This compensates for tolerances in the current limitation and ensures that the nominal current is always reached. Since the components of the Switching power supply or the connecting cables too

connected consumers to this maximum current, which can flow in the event of a short circuit, the maximum output current I _MAX, especially in the case of larger power supplies, is only slightly above the nominal current, and advantageously between 110% and 150% of the nominal current INOM

For example, to enable starting heavy loads such as motors, many power supplies have one

Short-term current increase, which provide a maximum of a current up to 2.5 times the nominal current for a few seconds.

According to the general electrical

Installation regulations can reduce cable cross-sections after a fuse. In addition to fuses, circuit breakers are often used for this purpose. In FIG. 2, the exemplary system shown in FIG. 1 has been modified in such a way that a protective device Fl to F _{N is connected} upstream of each consumer RI to R _N. As seen in FIG. 2, the power supply device 100 is different

Consumers connected by different load resistors RI to R _N connected with

different currents from the

Power supply device 100 are supplied centrally.

In the event of at least one short circuit of a supply line to the respective consumer or in the event of a short circuit within at least one of the consumers, however, all are

Consumers no longer supplied with sufficient electricity. To continue to supply the system and around

To be able to reduce cable cross-sections different current paths in which the consumers lie, individually protected. Likewise, an input-side fuse can be connected in at least some of the consumers, which should trigger in the event of internal short circuits.

It has turned out to be disadvantageous, however, that the fuses or circuit breakers not only trip relatively slowly with a low overcurrent. The

Consumers can take short breaks

Bridge input voltage, e.g. 20ms accordingly

EN61000-6-2 (generic standard interference immunity for industrial consumers). Miniature circuit breakers normally have two tripping mechanisms for this purpose: At high

Overflow a fast magnetic release within 10ms and with lower overcurrents as well

Fuses a slower thermal trip.

The invention has for its object a

Power supply device and a method for

to provide regulated energy supply to at least one electrical consumer in the event of an electrical fault, in particular in the event of a

output short circuit, can trigger both a magnetically triggered protective device and a thermally triggered protective device.

The technical problem is caused by the characteristics of the

Claim 1 and solved by the features of claim 9.

Advantageous further developments are the subject of

Subclaims. The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying figures. Show it :

1 shows an exemplary power supply device

according to the invention, on which several

electrical consumers are connected in parallel,

Fig. 2 that shown in Fig. 1

Power supply device, with a protective device being connected upstream of each electrical consumer,

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of that shown in FIG. 1

Power supply device,

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary circuit structure of the one in FIG.

3 control device shown with a voltage regulator and a current regulator,

Fig. 5 a voltage divider for providing the

Setpoints for those shown in FIG. 4

Control device,

Fig. 6 shows an exemplary current limiting characteristic according to the invention,

Fig. 7 shows an analog circuit arrangement for generating

Current limiting values, for example depending on those shown in FIG. 6

Current limiting characteristic, and

Fig. 8 shows a digital circuit arrangement for generating current limiting values, for example in FIG

Dependency of those shown in Fig. 6

Current limiting characteristic.

3 shows an exemplary block diagram

Structure of those shown in Figures 1 and 2 Power supply device 100 in which the

Current limitation according to the invention is realized. The power supply device 100 is, for example, a primary clocked AC / DC switching power supply, the

Power supply device can also be designed as a DC or AC switching power supply.

The primary-clocked switching power supply 100 can be fed on the primary side from a DC input voltage V _IN, which can be applied to input terminals 101, 102 and measured by a voltmeter (not shown) for further use. In the exemplary AC / DC switching power supply 100, an input AC voltage V _{INAC can be} connected via input terminals 103, 104 V _INAC to a primary side

Rectifier Dl can be connected, wherein the input terminals 103, 104 and the rectifier Dl can be omitted in a DC / DC switching power supply. The input voltage V _IN is smoothed with a capacitor CI, which is connected in parallel to the input terminals 101, 102, and

then fed to a transformer Tri. For this purpose, one connection of a primary winding of the transformer Tri to the input terminal 101 and the other connection of the primary winding of the transformer Tri is via one

Circuit breaker Sl, which is clocked at high frequency, connected to the input terminal 102. Furthermore, a

Temperature sensor 150 can be provided, which can measure the temperature of the transformer Tri. The circuit breaker S1 is arranged on the primary side

Control device 201 controlled, which works for example as a pulse width modulator. The control device 201 is connected to the input terminals 101 and 102. The control signal for the control device 201 is provided by a control device 202 arranged on the secondary side generated and via a separation circuit 106 to the

Primary side of the switching power supply 100 passed. The

Isolation circuit 106 may be an optocoupler OC1. The

Isolation circuit 105 and transformer Tri thus provide galvanic isolation, i.e. they separate that

Switched-mode power supply 100 in one primary side and one

Secondary side, which is symbolically represented by the chain line 105. The energy of the transformer Tri is transferred to the secondary side via electrical isolation

Given winding and rectified with a diode D10. If desired, a temperature sensor 151 for measuring the temperature of the diode D10 in the

Power supply device 100 may be implemented. The diode D10 is preferably a

secondary rectifier diode. The voltage smoothed by the capacitor CIO is made available as output voltage V _0U T at the output of the power supply _device 100.

The control device 202 preferably detects the

Output voltage V _0U T and the output current I _0U T

Power supply _device 100 and regulates to a constant output voltage V _0U T in normal operation. It should already be mentioned at this point that the control _device 202 can be designed to _determine the average current load of the output current I _0U T from the detected

To determine power supply device 100.

For example, the output current I _0U T with a

Current measuring device 142, which can be electrically connected to the control device 202, can be measured.

The control device 202 preferably has one

Control and / or evaluation device, for example the microcontroller shown in FIG. 8, with which the

Current measuring device 142 can be connected. In a similar way the output voltage V _0U T can be measured with a voltage _{measuring device} 141, which can be electrically connected to the control device 202. For example, the microcontroller shown in FIG. 8 can preferably also be connected to the voltage measuring device 141

Voltage measuring device 140, which can also be connected to the microcontroller shown in FIG. 8, can be provided, which measures the input voltage V _IN .

The switching power supply 100 can according to known

Basic circuit principles are implemented, e.g. as

Flyback converter, flux converter, as half-bridge or

Full bridge or resonance converter. It can also

Switching power supply 100 have several switching stages in series connection. An upstream PFC stage is known which ensures a sinusoidal input current consumption. Other basic circuit concepts such as 2-transistor converters or a parallel connection of the switching stages as

interleaved converter or one at high voltages

Series connection as a cascade can be found in the specialist literature.

Fig. 3 shows a galvanically isolated switching power supply 100. However, this can also be a non-galvanically isolated switching power supply, e.g. a step-down converter, step-up converter or an inverse converter.

The circuit breaker S1 is a semiconductor switch that can be switched on and off regardless of the switch technology used and can e.g. as a MOSFET or

Bipolar transistor or IGBT or GAN-FET or SiC-FET can be realized. The separating device 106 functioning as a feedback element can also act as the actual one Optocouplers as well as magnetic couplers can be realized. The circuit breaker S1 can be activated, for example, hard switching with PWM pulse width modulation or

resonant converter topologies with pulse frequency modulation PEM.

Likewise, the switching power supply 100 can be sinusoidal

Generate output voltage like an inverter. For this, e.g. less smoothed on the output side and the output voltage is sine-wave modulated with 100 / 120Hz and then the polarity is changed using a so-called H-bridge.

The switching power supply 100 can be controlled both analog and digital. With constant input voltage V _IN , the detection of the output voltage and the

Output current also take place on the primary side, but with significantly larger tolerances. The switching power supply can be completely regulated on the primary side. Therefore, in some switching power supplies the output voltage

recorded and regulated on the secondary side, but the electricity

limited on the primary side.

Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which shows in particular an exemplary implementation of the control device 202. If the switched-mode power supply 100 is viewed from a control point of view of the output variables “constant voltage” and “current limitation”, this exists

Switching power supply 100 from a power path with which the input energy is transformed to the output side. On the output side, the current output voltage VQ _UTACT and the current output current I _{QUTACT are,} for example, by means of the

Voltage measuring device 141 or current measuring device 142 measured. These signals are optionally forwarded to the secondary control device 202 in an amplified manner.

The secondary control device 202 has

at least two regulators, namely a voltage regulator 302 and a current regulator 301.

Both controllers 301 and 302 can be implemented discretely as so-called PI controllers. For this purpose, the exemplary current controller 301 has an operational amplifier ICH, at whose non-inverting input a setpoint IOUTLIM is present and at its inverting input a voltage signal corresponding to the current output current is applied, which is tapped, for example, via a shunt resistor R13 and then via an amplifier ICI2 and one to it Series connected resistor RI1 to the

inverting input is applied. The output of the operational amplifier ICI1 is fed back to the inverting input via a series circuit comprising a resistor and RI2 and a capacitor CI1. The exemplary voltage regulator 302 has an operational amplifier ICV1, at whose non-inverting input a setpoint IOUTNOM is present and at its inverting input a voltage corresponding to the current output voltage is present, which voltage is connected, for example, to the output terminals of the power supply device 100

The voltage divider is tapped and then applied to the inverting input via an amplifier. Of the

Voltage divider can have two resistors R11 and R12

exhibit. The output of the operational amplifier ICV1 is connected in series from a resistor R6 and a capacitor C3 to the inverting input

fed back. The output signals of the two controllers 302 and 301 are linked via a diode D _vi or Du OR and, if necessary, via the optocoupler OC1 to the primary side

Control device 201 of the power path given. The OR combination of the two output signals ensures that the controller that has the larger error signal, in the example shown, the operational amplifier ICV1 of the voltage regulator 302 or the operational amplifier ICH of the current controller 301 with the lower output voltage limits the control device 201 or that

Duty cycle reduced.

A setpoint VOUTNOM for the voltage regulator 302 and a setpoint IOUTLIM serving for the current limitation for the current regulator 201 can, for example, by means of a

adjustable voltage divider can be specified. A suitable exemplary voltage divider is shown in FIG. 5. The voltage divider can be replaced by a

Series connection of resistors, such as the

Resistors RV10, RV11 and a potentiometer RV12 and a series circuit connected in parallel

For example, a resistor RI10, a resistor Rill and a potentiometer RI12 can be formed. The setpoint VOUTNOM can be set with a potentiometer RV12, while the current limitation, i.e. the setpoint IOUTLIM internally with a trim potentiometer RI12

can be adjusted to compensate for tolerances in the current measurement. It should be noted that the voltage regulator shown in FIG. 5 can be part of the control device 202.

Likewise, the easiest option is a fixed one

Setpoints can be set with fixed resistors. Also a setpoint specification from timers or one

Processor is conceivable to e.g. Short-time current increases for heavy loads, such as for engines with high

Starting currents to enable.

The current limitation of the control device 202 and in particular of the current controller 302 is modified such that, for example, in the event of a short-circuit on the output side, for example in a supply line or in one of the consumers, for example the consumer RI in FIG. 2, for example the protective device Fl is preferably fast and

can be reliably triggered magnetically and thermally. The protective device Fl can be a line circuit breaker with a magnetic and thermal release mechanism or a magnetic release fuse and a separate thermal release fuse. The

Control device 202 is designed to briefly provide an output current IOUT that is clearly above the nominal current INOM. Of this, the actual regulation generally remains. unchanged. The setpoint specification IOUTLIM is changed so that the current ILIM provided is significantly increased for a certain time. If this current, which is above the nominal current, is actually required, it is used to prevent overloading of consumers and

Wiring the maximum provided current ILIM in

Dependency of a suitable current limiting characteristic, for example after expiry of certain times, step by step depending on the ambient temperature and / or the input voltage (Vin) and / or the temperature of at least one component Tri, D10

Power supply device and / or the average current load of the power supply device lowered. As a result, the power supply device can be flexible the ambient temperature and / or the current input voltage and / or component temperatures and / or the average current load react to

Damage to the power supply device and

prevent connected consumers.

An exemplary current limiting characteristic with

Step-like course, which the control device 202 or the current controller 301 can take into account for limiting the output current, is shown in FIG. 6. Other current limiting characteristics that have a section with a negative slope that can be adjusted

The total duration, for example from tLl to tL3, may have the control device 202

to be provided. It is noted that the section with a negative slope runs in such a way that a first current limit value IL1 is continuous in time and value or continuous in time and is discreet in value up to a second current limit value IMAX above the adjustable one

Total time is reduced.

Assume that at time tO there is an increased

Electricity requirements e.g. a malfunction occurs. The

Current limitation of current regulator 301, i.e. of the

provided current ILIM, is set to a value IL1 which is significantly higher than the nominal current INOM. At time tLl, the current made available is reduced to a value IL2. This is repeated at least after a further period of time. At time tL2, the current made available is reduced to the value IL3 and at time tL3, the current is further set to the value IMAX. The power supply device 100 can have an interface 160, via which a first Current limit value for the current IL1 and second

Current _{limit value} for the current I _MAY and several discrete different current limit values for the exemplary currents IL2 and IL3 _, which lie between the first and second current limit values, and several time periods tLl, tL2 and tL3, each of which is the time duration of the first and second current limit values and the several discrete ones define different current limit values, can be entered externally. The discrete

Current limiting values IL1, 112, IL3, which act as setpoints for the current regulator 301, can also be set, for example, via potentiometers or resistors, as is shown by way of example in FIGS. 5 and 7. The times tLl, tL2 and tL3, at which the setpoints are lowered, can be optionally through

corresponding timers (not shown)

can be set. In response to these parameters, the power supply device 100 can output the current corresponding to that shown by way of example in FIG. 6

Reduce the current limiting characteristic.

So that e.g. Miniature circuit breakers can be reliably and quickly triggered magnetically, e.g. Depending on the characteristics, the first current limit IL1 is set to 5-10 times the rated current of the circuit breaker, for a period of approx. 5-15ms. After that, the electricity provided is reduced to the lower

Current value IL2 limited, for example to trigger a quick fuse within approx. 20ms. In a further stage, the current provided is limited to the even lower current value IL3, for example to trigger a slow fuse. Then, for example after the time period tL3, the current can then reach the usual maximum Output current IMAX or, for example, can also be limited to a current, for example to support the starting of difficult loads or the rapid charging of (storage) capacitors.

The trigger times can be found in the data sheets or

The series of standards are specified: The miniature circuit breakers are specified in the EN 60898 series, the fuses in EN60127.

The components of a power supply are usually permanently designed for the nominal output current at maximum ambient temperature and can handle higher peak currents

deliver. Here, e.g. a role which

Output current the power supply before the increased

Delivered current demand, or at which ambient temperature TA the power supply is operated, or also how low-resistance the respective short circuit is. At very

low impedance short circuit with a very low

Output voltage VOUT converts the power supply device, in particular on the primary side, to a lower power compared to a higher-impedance short circuit with a higher output voltage VOUT. The resistance in the event of a short circuit is largely determined by the lead resistance.

The input voltage can also be taken into account. Especially with DC / DC converters with lower

Input voltage can change with higher output voltage, e.g. high impedance short circuit, a significantly higher one

Current consumption result. This leads due to the

Lead resistance to a decrease in

Input voltage and subsequently to an even higher one

Input current consumption. The provided output current ILIM can be influenced by e.g. ambient temperature TA,

Component temperatures TC, remaining output voltage VOUTLIM, history of the output current IOUTHIST, the

is given in particular by the average current load of the power supply device, or the

Input voltage V _IN .

The limit values can occur multiple times and by e.g. several temperature sensors 150 to 152 with different weightings are detected. Depending on the circuit concept, it may also be necessary to take additional parameters into account.

The following basic circuit devices, which are shown by way of example in FIGS. 7 and 8, represent a corresponding control for generating the current limit value IOUTLIM, which is applied as a setpoint to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier ICH. In other words, those in the

FIGS. 7 and 8 circuit devices 500 and 600 are each designed to generate the current limiting characteristic shown by way of example in FIG. 6. It should also be noted that the circuit devices 500 and 600 are implemented in the power supply device and can be part of the control device 202 or the controller 301.

In the first example shown in FIG. 7, an analog solution of a circuit device 500 is used

Provision of a current limit value IOUTLIM shown. The maximum value of the current limit is with a Potentiometer RI12 set. Individual amplified and weighted sensor sizes, which are provided by sensor circuits 400 to 402, are subtracted from this maximum value with a subtractor IC401, whereby the

Current limit drops. The individual current increases are e.g. from sensor circuits 400 to 402

generated. The current limit values and times are again e.g. adjustable via potentiometer. In the

Sensor circuit 401 can e.g. reinforced

Temperature measurement signals for the ambient temperature measured by the temperature sensor 152 or that of

Temperature sensor 150 and / or 151 measured

Component temperatures influence the output signal.

Other sensors e.g. to take into account the

Input voltage or the average current load are indicated in the sensor circuits 400 and 402.

Alternatively, the one shown in FIG. 7 may be used

Circuit device for providing a

Current limit value IOUTLIM use an adder instead of a subtractor. If the normal limit of the current limit IMAX is reached, the adjustable one

Limit for an adjustable time increased. If several sensor circuit blocks are again connected in parallel, several current limit values and times can be set, as indicated by the input signals of the circuit block 400.

However, since the discrete analog

Circuit device 500 for setting the current limit value can become very complex, a digital solution of a circuit device with a microprocessor can optionally or additionally be used, which is shown in FIG. 8 and is provided with reference number 600.

A microprocessor or microcontroller m <3, which may also regulate the switching power supply 100, detects the electrical parameters of the switching power supply 100, such as the current output voltage VOUTACT or the current output current IOUTACT, which are measured, for example, by the voltage measuring device 141 or by the current measuring device 142. The microcontroller can also process pC sensor data such as the aforementioned temperatures of the environment and / or components of the

Take into account the power supply device 100, which are measured, for example, by means of the temperature sensors 150 to 152. For a comfortable entry of the fixed limit values such as current surge limits and time periods e.g. via a PC or a smartphone, the

Power supply device 100 or the PC have any interface, for example the interface 160.

The pC of the circuit device 600 can be designed to determine, for example, the average current _{utilization in} response to the detected output current I _{0UT Z} U and taking into account the

Ambient temperature and / or component temperatures and / or the input voltage and / or the determined average current load and further variables each have a maximum pulse duration t _Li , t _L2, t _L3 for one

Current increase or for each current limit value I _Li ,

Calculate I _L2 , I _L 3, the current limit values I _Li , I _L2 , I _L 3 also depending on the ambient temperature

and / or component temperatures and / or the

Input voltage and / or the determined

average power utilization and other sizes can be calculated by the microcontroller. In other words: the microcontroller can be designed to fully calculate the current limiting characteristic curve, which is shown by way of example in FIG. 6.

The user can alternatively according to the

Plant structure, such as the wiring and the respective

Fuse characteristics that exemplify the current limiting characteristic shown in FIG. 6 by

Current levels or current limit values and their

Maximum times, i.e. Pulse durations, for example, can be specified via the interface 160. In this case, the microcontroller generates the current limiting characteristic shown in FIG. 6 in response to the

given values. Here, the microcontroller can, for example, execute firmware and under

Taking into account the specified ambient temperature, check that the power supply device is not

essential, e.g. maximum 10%, more is charged than the nominal data.

In operation of the power supply device 100, the pC of the circuit device 600 or a separate control and / or evaluation device can e.g. monitor the component temperatures and / or the input voltage level and / or the ambient temperature and / or the average current load and limit the duration of the current surge in good time so that when a limit value is reached the

Power supply device 100 can deliver correspondingly lower current pulses. The

Firmware eg the thermal capacity of the components or a characteristic of the current-dependent losses. In practice, the current limiting values, for example the discrete setpoints I _Li , I _L2 , I _L 3 and I _MAX, the associated time periods, which together define the current limiting characteristic, continuously during the operation of the

Power supply device 100 measured. In the event that additional fixed setpoints for the

Current limit values and their pulse durations have been set or entered, the fixed setpoints are set by the control device 202 or

Current controller 301 is taken into account as long as, for example, the microcontroller of circuit device 600 has not recognized a critical operating state. In this case, the microcontroller would calculate the

Take current limiting characteristic into account

To prevent damage to the power supply device 100 in particular. A critical operating state is recognized, for example, when the currently measured

Ambient temperature or a currently measured

Component temperature exceed a critical value, which is for example from the microcontroller

Circuit device 600 or a separate control and / or evaluation device can be determined. The critical values are, for example, maximum values for ambient temperatures, component temperatures, the

Average current load can be stored in a memory of the power supply device 100, which can be accessed, for example, by the microcontroller of the circuit device 600 or a separate control and / or evaluation device.

The characteristic of the current-dependent losses, for example on diodes, is linear to the current load in a first approximation with a constant voltage drop. The resistances rise Losses squared with the current. In the case of inductors such as transformers or coils, the losses increase at a relatively high level with third power. The

Heat capacity usually increases with the size of the component, but here the speed of heat dissipation is e.g. to be taken into account within semiconductor packages.

Due to the complexity, relatively extensive data is e.g. to be determined by measurements or simulation, which can be stored in the calculation program for the current limit values as equations or tables.

Likewise, the microcontroller can execute the

Firmware during operation measures the respective temperatures, for example the temperatures of the components Tri and D10 and the environment and save them. The data obtained in this way can then be firmware or

Microcontroller independently when calculating the

Current limit values and / or the associated

Take pulse durations into account.

Some of the aspects of the invention are summarized below.

It is one shown by way of example in FIG. 3

Power supply device 100 for regulated

Energy supply of at least one electrical

Consumer Rl-RN provided, which can have the following features:

a device Tri for converting an input voltage

Vin into an output voltage Vout,

one shown by way of example in FIGS. 7 and 8

Circuit device 500 or 600, which is designed to provide a first current limiting value 111, and

a control device 202, which is designed to limit the output current that can be supplied by the power supply device to the first current limit value IL1 for a period of time tL1 as a function of the first current limit value provided by the circuit device 500 or 600,

wherein the power supply device 100 is configured to detect the ambient temperature and / or the input voltage Vin and / or the temperature of at least one component TRI, D10 of the power supply device and / or the average current load of the

To determine power supply device

wherein the circuit device 500 or 600 is further configured to change the first current limiting value IL1 continuously and value-continuously or time-continuously and

value-discrete up to a second current limit value IMAX, especially during a preferably adjustable one

Decrease the total time from t _Li to tL3, the

Control device 202 is further configured, in response to the current limiting values provided by the circuit device 500 or 600, the output current provided by the power supply device continuously or value continuously or time continuously and value-discretely depending on the ambient temperature and / or the input voltage (Vin) and / or Temperature of at least one component Tri, D10

Power supply device and / or the average current load of the power supply device from the first current limit value IL1 to the second

To lower the current limit value IMAX, for example during a total time period from t _Li to t _L 3. It should be noted that the circuit device 500 or 600 can be part of the control device 202.

The ambient temperature can be continuously or too discrete by a temperature sensor 152, for example

Points of time are measured while, for example, the temperature of the transformer Tri by a

Temperature sensor 150 and / or the temperature of diode D10 by a temperature sensor 151, for example

can be measured continuously or at discrete times. The temperature of the other electrical and / or electronic components or components of the power supply device can also be determined accordingly and taken into account. Furthermore, in the

Power supply device, a voltmeter (not shown) for measuring the input voltage and a device for determining the average

Current load may be provided. For this purpose, a voltage proportional to the output current can be measured, for example by means of a shunt resistor R13

for example a microcontroller, for example the

Microcontroller of the circuit device 600, in

Dependence on the measured voltage

average current load determined. Alternatively, the output current IOUT can also be detected using a current measuring device 142 shown in FIG. 3 and for example the

Microcontroller of the circuit device 600 are transferred, which, among other things, from the current measured values. a

can determine average current load. The

Output voltage can be from one shown in FIG

Tension meter 141 measured and also the

Microcontrollers of the circuit device 600 are transferred for further use. In addition, the Input voltage VIN is measured by a voltage measuring device 140 and transferred to the microcontroller of the circuit device 600. All these measured values can also be a separate control and / or evaluation device

Power supply device 100 are supplied, for example, the operating state of the

Monitor power supply device and, if

required a current limitation of the output current, for example according to that shown in FIG. 6

Current limiting characteristic.

The first current limiting value IL1 is advantageously between 5 times and 10 times the value of the

Power supply device 100 available nominal current, wherein the second current limit value IMAX is greater than the nominal current and less than twice the nominal current.

The circuit device 500, 600 is preferably designed to provide the first current limiting value for 5 to 15 ms. Thanks to these dimensions, for example, a circuit breaker can be safely triggered magnetically.

The power supply device 100 can expediently be designed as a switched-mode power supply and in particular as a primary-clocked switched-mode power supply.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the

Circuit device 500, 600 is designed to continuously and value-continuously or value-continuously and discreetly up to the second current limit value during an adjustable the first current limit value

Reduce total time. The total duration can can be specified, for example, via the interface 160.

According to an alternative embodiment, the

Circuit device 500, 600 to be designed, depending on an application and / or depending on the ambient temperature and / or the input voltage Vin and / or the temperature of at least one component Tri, D10 of the power supply device and / or

average current load of the

Power supply device to a total period of time

determine and the first current limit value continuously and value continuously or time continuously and value discretely up to the second current limit value during the

lower the total time determined.

An application is, for example, by several parameters that can be stored in the power supply device

that define, for example, a particular motor that is connectable to the power supply device 100.

According to a further alternative embodiment of the

Power supply device, the circuit device 500, 600 can be configured to the first

Lowering the current limiting value continuously and discreetly in several steps up to the second current limiting value, the circuit device 500, 600 also being able to be designed as a function of the

Ambient temperature and / or the input voltage Vin and / or the temperature of at least one component Tri, D10 of the power supply device and / or the

average current load of the

Power supply device the first current limit value and determine the length of time during which the first current limiting value is to be provided and the amount of each step-by-step reduced current limiting value and the respective time duration during which the step-by-step reduced current limiting value is to be provided.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the

Power supply device have a device RI12, 160, via which the first and second

Current limit value, a plurality of discrete different current limit values, which lie between the first and second current limit values, and a plurality of time periods, each the time duration of the first and second

Current limit value and the multiple discrete

define different current limit values, can be set to defined values, whereby

the circuit device 500, 600 can be designed to continuously and discretely value the first current limit value in several steps up to the second current limit value as a function of the set current limit values and the set time periods or pulse durations that correspond to the respective

Current limit values are assigned to lower. The device can be a potentiometer for setting the current limit values, while the time periods can be set using appropriate time elements. A corresponding potentiometer RI12 is shown in Fig.

5 shown. Alternatively, an interface 160 can also be provided, via which defined values for the

Current limit values and time durations can be set, for example, by transferring them to the microcontroller of the circuit device 600 shown in FIG. 8. In this case, the power supply device 100 or the circuit device 500, 660 expediently ensures that from the control device 202 the

Current limiting characteristic is provided, which the circuit device 500, 600 generates in dependence on the entered current limiting values and the time periods or pulse durations which are assigned to the respective current limiting values. Is from the

Power supply device, however, is a critical one

Detected operating state, the control device 202 is provided with the current limiting characteristic curve

Circuit device 500, 600 depending on the

average current load determined.

In addition, a method for the regulated energy supply of at least one electrical consumer is made available, in particular with the aid of the power supply device 100, the method comprising the following steps: providing an output current;

Limiting the output current to a first current limiting value I _Li for a period of time; and

then lowering the output current in time and

Continuous in value or continuous in time and discreet in value from the first current limit value to a second

Current limit value I _MAX depending on the

average current load of the Power supply facility.

The first current limiting value is preferably between 5 times and 10 times the value of the

Power supply device available rated current, and the second current limit value is greater than that

Nominal current and less than twice the nominal current.

For example, the output current is the

Power supply device 100 limited to the first current limit value for a period of 5 to 15 ms.

The output current of the power supply device 100 is preferably made responsive to a staircase

Current limiting characteristic continuous and

value-discrete from the first current limit value IL1 to the second current limit value IMAX during one

adjustable total time (tLl to tL3) is reduced. This means that the current limiting characteristic has a section with a negative slope, which can therefore be used to represent a staircase function.

Advantageously, depending on one

Application and / or depending on the

average current load of the

Power supply device a total period of time can be determined, the output current time and

Continuous in value or continuous in time and discreet in value from the first current limiting value to the second Current limit value during the determined

Total time is reduced.

Alternatively, the first and second

Current limit value, several discrete different ones

Current limit values that lie between the first and second current limit values and a plurality of time periods, each of which is the time duration of the first and second

Current limit value and the multiple discrete

define different current limit values, fixed, i.e. preferably by an operator, for example by means of a

Power supply device connectable computer

entered and in the power supply device

be saved, with the output current

continuously and discreetly in several steps down to the second current limit value depending on the entered current limit values and the time periods which are assigned to the respective current limit values.

Claims

1. Power supply device (100) for regulated

Energy supply of at least one electrical

Consumer (Rl-RN), showing

a device (tri) for converting a

Input voltage (Vin) into an output voltage

(Vout),

a circuit device (500, 600) which for

Providing a first current limiting value, and

a control device (202), which is designed in dependence on that of the

Circuit device (500, 600) provided first current limiting value that of the

Limiting the power supply device's available output current to the first current limiting value for a period of time,

wherein the power supply device is configured to the ambient temperature and / or the

Input voltage (Vin) and / or the temperature

at least one component (TRI, D10) of

Power supply device and / or the

average current load of the

To determine power supply device

wherein the circuit device (500, 600) is further configured to change the first current limiting value continuously and value-continuously or time-continuously and discretely depending on the

Ambient temperature and / or the input voltage (Vin) and / or the temperature of at least one

Component (Tri, D10) of the power supply device and / or the average current load of the Lower power supply device to a second current limit, the

Control device (201, 202) furthermore

is formed in response to that provided by the circuit device (500, 600)

Current limit values that of the

Power supply device provided

Output current continuous in time and value or continuous in time and value-discrete from the first

Current limit value up to the second

Lower the current limit value.

2. Power supply device according to claim 1,

characterized in that

the first current limit value between 5 times and 10 times the value of the

Power supply device available rated current, and that

the second current limit value is greater than that

Nominal current and less than twice the nominal current.

3. Power supply device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that

the circuit device (500, 600) is designed to provide the first current limiting value for 5 to 15 ms.

4. Power supply device according to one of the

preceding claims,

characterized in that

the circuit device (500, 600) is designed to change the first current limit value continuously or continuously or time continuously and discretely up to the second current limit value for an adjustable total time

lower.

5. Power supply device according to one of claims 1 to 3,

characterized in that

the circuit device (500, 600) is designed to function as a function of an application and / or as a function of the ambient temperature and / or the input voltage (Vin) and / or the temperature

at least one component (Tri, D10)

Power supply device and / or the

average current load of the

Power supply device to determine a total period of time and to lower the first current limit value continuously or continuously or time continuously and value-discretely up to the second current limit value during the determined total period.

6. Power supply device according to one of claims 1 to 3,

characterized in that

the circuit device (500, 600) is designed to adjust the first current limiting value

Continuous in time and discreet in several

Lowering steps up to the second current limiting value, the circuit device (500, 600) being further configured to, depending on the ambient temperature and / or the input voltage (Vin) and / or the temperature, at least one

Component (Tri, D10) of the power supply device and / or the average current load of the power supply device the first Current limit value and the amount of time that the first current limit value is to be provided and the amount of each step

lowered current limit value and the respective time duration during which the gradual

reduced current limit value is to be provided.

7. Power supply device according to one of claims 1 to 3,

characterized in that

the power supply device is a device

(RI12, 160), over which the first and second current limiting value, several discrete

different current limit values, which lie between the first and second current limit values, and a plurality of time periods, each of which is the time duration of the first and second current limit values and the plurality of discrete different ones

Define current limit values, can be set to defined values, and that

Continuous in time and discreet in several

Steps up to the second current limit value depending on the set

Current limit values and the set

Reduce time periods that are assigned to the respective current limit values.

8. Power supply device according to one of the

preceding claims,

characterized in that the power supply device is designed as a switching power supply and in particular as a primary clocked switching power supply.

9. A method for regulated energy supply of at least one electrical consumer, in particular with the aid of a power supply device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, the method following

Steps comprises:

a) providing an output current;

b) limiting the output current to a first current limiting value for a period of time; and

c) then lowering the output current over time and value continuously or over time and

value-discrete from the first current limiting value to a second current limiting value depending on the ambient temperature and / or the input voltage (Vin) and / or the temperature of at least one

Component (Tri, D10) of the power supply device and / or the average current load of the power supply device.

10. The method according to claim 9,

characterized in that the first

Current limit value is between 5 times and 10 times the value of the rated current available from the power supply device, and

the second current limit value is greater than that

Nominal current and less than twice the nominal current.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10,

characterized in that

in step b) the output current for a period of 5 to 15ms is limited to the first current limit value.

12. The method according to claim 9, 10 or 11,

characterized in that

the output current of the power supply device (100) in response to a staircase

Current limiting characteristic is continuous in time and value-discrete from the first current limiting value to the second current limiting value during one

adjustable total time (tLl to tL3) is reduced.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11,

characterized in that

depending on an application and / or in

Dependence on the ambient temperature and / or the input voltage (Vin) and / or the temperature of at least one component (Tri, D10)

Power supply device and / or the

average current load of the

Power supply device a total time is determined, and that the output current is continuous in time and value or continuous in time and

is discreetly reduced from the first current limit value to the second current limit value during the determined total time period.

14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11,

characterized in that

the first and second current limit values, a plurality of discrete different current limit values, between the first and second current limit values lie, and several time periods, each the time duration of the first and second

Define current limit value and the several discrete different current limit values, fixed and set in the

Power supply device can be stored, and that

the output current is continuous in time and discreet in several steps up to the second

Current limit value depending on the

entered current limit values and the

Time periods that are assigned to the respective current limit values is reduced.