WO2020151144A1 - 一种基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法 - Google Patents
一种基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/18—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state for vehicle drivers or machine operators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
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- the invention relates to a fatigue classification method based on generalized consistency to construct a brain function network and a correlation vector machine.
- the physiological characteristics of the driver in a normal state are different from those in a fatigue state. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether the driver is in a fatigued driving state by detecting physiological characteristics.
- EEG electroencephalogram
- EEG electrooculogram
- ECG electrocardiogram
- EMG electromyography
- Electro-oculogram signal EOG is the electrical potential difference signal between the cornea and the retina, which can reflect changes in the direction of the line of sight, blinking and other eye movements. According to the waveform change of EOG, it is possible to clearly analyze the change of the eye state at a certain moment, so as to determine the driver's alertness at the moment and whether it is in a fatigued driving state.
- HR human heart rate
- HRV heart rate variability
- EMG Electromyography
- EEG Electroencephalograph
- the different rhythm waves of the EEG signal can represent different states of people, and are also closely related to fatigue.
- the EEG signals when the driver is full of energy and when the driver is fatigued have obviously different characteristics.
- characteristic values that can characterize the driver’s fatigue such as power spectral density ratio, Shannon entropy And so on, you can evaluate and judge different degrees of fatigue.
- the brain electricity can directly reflect the changes in the mental state of the human brain.
- the detection methods based on eye electricity, electrocardiogram, and myoelectricity can detect driving fatigue, it is only the brain in different mental states
- the brain realizes information interaction through the interconnection and cluster work of different regions. The state of human consciousness and behavior is not determined by a certain region alone, but is often completed by multiple regions of the whole brain.
- the driving fatigue detection method based on power spectrum and entropy does not involve brain regional information, and it is impossible to comprehensively and systematically study the mechanism of driving fatigue.
- the function connection network (for example: phase lag index method, phase lock value method, etc.) cannot reflect the flow of information and the causal relationship between nodes.
- the present invention provides a fatigue classification method based on generalized consistency to construct a brain function network and a correlation vector machine. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has higher reliability and accuracy. Direction, causality, construct an effective fatigue classification network to classify the connection characteristics of brain networks in different mental states, effectively verify the results of topology research, and improve the ability to detect driving fatigue.
- the technical scheme of the present invention is: a fatigue classification method based on generalized consistency to construct a brain function network and a correlation vector machine, including the following steps:
- step S1 the wireless stem electrode EEG acquisition device is used to collect the EEG signals of the subjects during simulated driving, and the duration is 90 minutes, and each subject’s EEG signals during simulated driving are collected multiple times, respectively As a training signal set and a test signal set.
- step S1 the international 10-20 standard is used to place electrodes when collecting the EEG signals of the subject during simulated driving, with a total of 24 leads.
- step S2 the thresholds ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are set .
- the reaction time is lower than ⁇ 1
- the time point before ⁇ 1 is marked as awake data
- the reaction time is between ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2
- the data between the time points of the two thresholds is marked as an intermediate state.
- the reaction time is higher than ⁇ 2
- the data after the time point of ⁇ 2 is marked as a fatigue state.
- the frequencies of the three reconstructed sub-bands are 4-8 Hz, 8-13 Hz, and 13-30 Hz, respectively.
- step S5 electromagnetic imaging (eLORETA) technology is used to trace the signal of each sub-band of the EEG signal, and the following formula is used to locate the cerebral cortex:
- K i is the lead field matrix
- H is the Hessian matrix
- W is the weight
- ⁇ is the regularization parameter
- (KW -1 K T + ⁇ H) + means that the value of KW -1 K T + ⁇ H is positive;
- the time window is 10S
- the step length is 5S.
- step S6 the statistical coupling relationship is calculated for every two nodes in the EEG signal, and the GPDC value is calculated to obtain the information flow direction between each channel to form a factor-effect connection.
- the calculation method of GPDC is as follows:
- x i (t) is the data of the i-th channel
- Ak is an N-dimensional coefficient matrix
- ⁇ 1 (t) is Gaussian distribution
- x(tk) is K-th order channel data
- the unidirectional index of GPDC is defined as:
- ⁇ ij (f) represents the influence of the signal x j on the signal x i , and the value range is 0 to 1.
- ⁇ ij (f) is equal to 0, it means that the signal x j has no influence on the signal x i and is equal to 1.
- the influence of x j is fully applied to x i ;
- ⁇ i represents the diagonal of the covariance matrix, Represents the Fourier transform of the multiple linear regression model.
- the threshold value is set to 20%, and useful connections are filtered by the threshold value. If the threshold value is greater than the threshold value, it means that the connection is useful, and it is regarded as inter-channel communication.
- the brain function network of the subjects when they are awake and fatigued is formed, and the brain function network topology structure of the subjects in different mental states can be analyzed.
- the correlation vector machine is used as a classification method to classify the connection characteristics of the brain network of the subject in the state of awake and fatigue to realize the detection of driving fatigue.
- the specific classification method is as follows:
- the probability prediction of the objective function of the input variable is:
- ⁇ n is the weight
- K(x, x i ) is the kernel function
- g is a Gaussian kernel.
- RVM Value-to-distance classification by RVM achieves a classification accuracy of more than 90%, and can effectively classify different mental states such as wakefulness and fatigue.
- the present invention constructs a brain network through a generalized consensus algorithm, regards the brain as a multi-region collaborative network, studies its information flow direction and causal relationship between nodes, and analyzes the changes in the topology of the brain network under different mental states. It reveals the mechanism of fatigue and provides a new perspective for fatigue-related research.
- the present invention uses a filtering algorithm to perform denoising processing on the collected EEG signals to avoid interference caused by eye electricity, myoelectricity, physical activity, equipment interference, etc., and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the brain signals.
- the present invention uses a signal recombination algorithm to divide the data according to frequency bands, and decomposes and reconstructs data according to frequency ranges to obtain signals of three sub-bands.
- the present invention uses electromagnetic imaging (eLORETA) technology to trace the EEG signal, traces the scalp signal to the cerebral cortex, and then uses the generalized consensus algorithm for the traced signal to obtain the flow of information between nodes, and then construct the effect After connecting the network, based on the complex network theory, analyze the topological properties of the brain network from the awake state to the fatigue state.
- eLORETA electromagnetic imaging
- the present invention uses a correlation vector machine to classify connection features, which can achieve a classification accuracy of more than 90%, verify the reliability of topological structure analysis, and also provide a new method for fatigue detection.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of driving fatigue detection based on generalized consistency in an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is an electrode placement diagram of the improved international 10-20 system adopted by the embodiment of the present invention.
- a fatigue classification method based on generalized consistency to construct a brain function network and a correlation vector machine includes the following steps:
- EEG signals of the subjects during simulated driving through the wireless stem electrode EEG acquisition device, the duration is 90 minutes, the EEG data of 32 subjects are collected, and the EEG data of each subject is performed twice Signal acquisition, the first time as training data, the second time as testing.
- EEG signals use the improved international 10-20 standard to place electrodes, a total of 24 leads, and the electrode placement method is shown in Figure 2.
- the guided car on the screen will randomly issue a braking command, record the time interval between the subject's seeing the command and the response, and count the reaction time.
- the reaction time changes are counted, and thresholds ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are set .
- the reaction time is less than ⁇ 1
- the time point before ⁇ 1 is marked as awake data
- the reaction time is at ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 between the time data between the time point where the two thresholds labeled intermediate state
- the reaction time is higher than ⁇ 2
- the threshold comes from training. Due to the individual differences of the subjects, the time interval threshold setting is not uniform.
- the time interval threshold for individual subjects needs to be obtained through training before the test.
- the calculation method of ⁇ 1 is in the process of training experiment, from the beginning of the experiment to the first time the subject is fatigued (such as yawning) or the vehicle driving path deviates from the normal running track, the reaction time is The average value;
- the calculation method of ⁇ 2 is the average value of the response time interval during the training experiment process, the subject is fatigued (such as yawning) or the vehicle driving path deviates from the normal running track.
- the sampling frequency of the collected data is 250 Hz.
- eLORETA can locate the cortex through the following formula:
- K i is the lead field matrix
- H is the Hessian matrix
- W is the weight
- ⁇ is the regularization parameter
- (KW -1 K T + ⁇ H) + means that the value of KW -1 K T + ⁇ H is positive;
- the time window is 10S
- the step length is 5S.
- the method of generalized consensus algorithm is used to calculate the statistical coupling relationship between the channels.
- the present invention adopts the method of the factor effect network, by calculating the GPDC value, the information flow direction between each channel is obtained, and a factor effect connection is formed .
- the calculation method of GPDC is as follows:
- x i (t) is the data of the i-th channel
- Ak is an N-dimensional coefficient matrix
- ⁇ 1 (t) is Gaussian distribution
- x(tk) is K-th order channel data
- the unidirectional index of GPDC is defined as:
- ⁇ ij (f) represents the influence of the signal x j on the signal x i , and the value range is 0 to 1.
- ⁇ ij (f) is equal to 0, it means that the signal x j has no influence on the signal x i and is equal to 1.
- the influence of x j is fully applied to x i ;
- ⁇ i represents the diagonal of the covariance matrix, Represents the Fourier transform of the multiple linear regression model.
- the effective connection matrix contains a lot of information, and not all connections are useful.
- the threshold is set to 20%, and useful connections are filtered. If the threshold is greater than the threshold, the connection is useful, and it is regarded as inter-channel communication, and less than the threshold. Then there is no connection.
- the brain function network of the subject is formed when the subject is awake and fatigued, and the brain function network topology structure of the subject in different mental states can be analyzed.
- the EEG data has high time resolution and can construct a brain function network in real time. It can monitor the changes in the brain function network of subjects from awake to fatigue in real time, which is beneficial to analyze the topological properties and information flow of the brain network.
- a correlation vector machine is used as a classification method to classify the connection features of the brain network of the subject in the awake and fatigue state, so as to realize the detection of driving fatigue.
- the classification method of the correlation vector machine is as follows:
- the probability prediction of the objective function of the input variable is:
- ⁇ n is the weight
- K(x, x i ) is the kernel function
- g is a Gaussian kernel.
- RVM has achieved a classification accuracy of more than 90%, which can effectively classify different mental states such as wakefulness and fatigue, and provide a new method for the classification of driving fatigue.
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Abstract
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Claims (10)
- 一种基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:S1)、采集受试者模拟驾驶时的脑电信号;S2)、在模拟驾驶过程中,随机发布刹车命令,记录受试者的反应时间;S3)、通过独立成分分析去除采集到的原始脑电信号中的眼电信号;S4)、采用小波包变换对脑电信号信号进行分解与重构,按照频率范围重构为三个子频带(Theta,Alpha,Beta);S5)、采用电磁成像(eLORETA)技术对脑电信号的每个子频带的信号进行溯源,将头皮信号溯源到大脑皮层上;S6)、采用广义一致性算法的方法计算各通道间的统计学耦合关系;S7)、通过各通道间的耦合关系,形成因效连接网络,得到清醒与疲劳时的信息流向;S8)、确定合适的阈值,构建脑功能网络,分析其拓扑结构变换;S9)、通过不同的连接特性,利用相关向量机对不同精神状态进行分类,判断驾驶疲劳。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法,其特征在于:步骤S1)中,采用无线干电极脑电采集设备采集受试者模拟驾驶时的脑电信号,模拟时长为90min,并且每位受试者模拟驾驶时的脑电信号采集多次,分别作为训练信号集和测试信号集。
- 根据权利要求2所述的基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法,其特征在于:步骤S1)中,采集受试者模拟驾驶时的脑电信号时采用国际10-20标准放置电极,共24个导联。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法,其特征在于:步骤S2)中,设置阈值θ 1和θ 2,当反应时间低于θ 1时,θ 1所在的时间点之前标记为清醒数据,当反应时间位于θ 1和θ 2之间时,两个阈值所在时间点间的数据标记为中间状态,当反应时间高于θ 2时,θ 2所在的时间点之后的数据标记为疲劳状态。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法,其特征在于:步骤S4)中,重构的三个子频带(Theta,Alpha,Beta)的频率分别为4-8Hz、8-13Hz、13-30Hz。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法,其特征在于:步骤S6)中,对脑电信号中每两个节点计算统计学耦合关系,通过计算GPDC值,得出每个通道间信息流动方向,形成因效性连接,GPDC的计算方法如下:对于N个通道的时间序列X(t):X(t)=[x 1(t)…x N(t)] T;其中,x i(t)为第i个通道的数据;假定其满足一个P阶的多元线性回归模型其中,A k是一个N维系数矩阵,E(t)=[ε 1(t)…ε N(t)] T为随机误差,ε 1(t)是高斯分布,x(t-k)为第k阶通道数据;GPDC的单方向指数定义为:
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法,其特征在于:步骤S8)中,所述的阈值设置为20%,通过阈值筛选有用连接,大于阈值则连接有用,视为通道间联通,小于阈值则不存在连接,经过阈值的筛选之后,形成受试者清醒、疲劳时的脑功能网络,可分析受试者不同精神状态下的脑功能网络拓扑结构。
- 根据权利要求9所述的基于广义一致性构建脑功能网络与相关向量机的疲劳分类方法,其特征在于:使用径向基核函数,将样本从低维空间映射到高维空间中,其公式如下:K(x,x i)=exp(-g||x-x i|| 2);其中,g为高斯核。
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