WO2020150797A1

WO2020150797A1 - Combustion engine

Info

Publication number: WO2020150797A1
Application number: PCT/BR2019/050482
Authority: WO
Inventors: Manuel Exposito CARBALLADA
Original assignee: Carballada Manuel Exposito
Priority date: 2019-01-24
Filing date: 2019-11-08
Publication date: 2020-07-30
Also published as: MX2021008424A; EP3916199A4; EP3916199A1; BR102019001521A2; BR102019001521A8; JP2022519442A; KR20210113686A; IL284839A; CA3125696A1; CN113544359A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a structural arrangement for a stationary internal combustion engine for machines or vehicles (universal), that can use various types of fuel. More specifically, the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine with improved combustion efficiency, improved thermodynamic efficiency, reduced dimensions, an improved power-to-weight ratio that exceeds that of aircraft turbine engines using the Brayton thermodynamic cycle, and up to three times less fuel consumption and gas emissions into the environment.

Description

COMBUSTION ENGINE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a structural arrangement for a universal internal combustion engine, stationary, for machines, or mounted on a vehicle, being able to use different types of fuels. More specifically, the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine with improved combustion efficiency, better thermodynamic performance, with reduced fuel consumption, low gas emissions to the environment and minimum size.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Current engines used in transport vehicles, such as aviation, train, boat, etc., machines and stationary were invented in the late 19th century. Over the years, improvements have been made to these engines, for example, the thermal efficiency initially went from 5% to close to 30% in the laboratory.

[0003] The rate of gas emissions into the atmosphere has also been reduced, directly impacting less polluted air. However, this old engine design is almost at the limit.

[0004] Thus, in order to provide the technique with a more modern and more efficient engine arrangement, the present invention was developed, making it possible to get close to the triple efficiency of current engines, since the engine presented here uses a cycle much more efficient thermodynamic.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention relates to a combustion engine, alternate rotary mixed formed by one or more sectors for multiple uses such as: Stationary, vehicles, machines, etc. More specifically, the present invention relates to a structural arrangement for an internal combustion engine, using several types of fuels. The vehicle can be land, sea, rail or air. More specifically, the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine with improved combustion efficiency, better thermodynamic performance, reduced dimensions, greater power / weight ratio that surpasses airplane turbines that use the Brayton thermodynamic cycle, with reduced consumption of fuels and emission of gases to the environment, up to 3 times less.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0006] Figure 1 shows an internal combustion engine without external accessories.

[0007] Figures 5B and 2B show the motor shaft with cam and the ring.

[0008] Figures 3A and 3B show the subassembly (ring) of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 4 shows the eccentric of the subassembly of the present invention.

[0010] Figures 5A and 5B show the subassembly of the motor shaft with the eccentric shaft plus the red ring of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 6 shows the subassembly of the seal blades of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 7 shows the structural block for the frame of the motor elements of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 8 shows the cover that separates the engine sectors of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 9 shows the thermodynamic profile of the engine of the present invention. [0015] Figures 10A and 10B show a subassembly inside with the axis, the eccentric, the ring, the seals and the block, they form the combustion or compression chambers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The present invention relates to a combustion engine, alternate rotary mixed formed by one or more sectors for universal use. More particularly, the structural arrangement of the engine presented here is simple, comprising few moving elements, which simplifies the manufacturing and assembly process, requiring the presence of small radiators to cool the system. The system can also be cooled with air. This motor comprises only the following sets of moving elements: The ring, the shaft together with the eccentric and the sealing pads.

[0017] The characteristics of the present engine, provide a structural arrangement with reduced dimensions, but capable of performing a thermodynamic cycle in each turn of the axis as many times as many combustion chambers have with extremely high efficiency.

[0018] A technician in the subject recognizes that the term sectors used here, includes a minimum set of parts necessary for the formation of an engine.

[0019] The structural arrangement presented here, provides the technique of an engine in which the first part of the cycle, the compression occurs in one or more stages, without limit of them. The thermodynamic cycle using this engine is more efficient than those currently used, as the compression is performed in one or more steps. With intermediate cooling, which considerably reduces the effort required to carry out the compression, and in the expansion process makes the most of the gas energy. However, in this cycle, the energy generated by the fuel is used as much as possible with minimal waste. [0020] Compression is carried out in a compression chamber in the first stage and equal in the following stages to an increasingly smaller volume followed each by cooling the system between stages by radiators to the environment, and further compressing in the combustion chamber, can it is also possible to inject water sprayed into the combustion chamber to cool even more the last compression that is made inside this combustion chamber, in this way a compression is made close to the isentropic then the explosion and then the expansion, during this last process of Expansion takes full advantage of energy in the adiabatic expansion up to the suction pressure value.

[0021] This arrangement has a quiet exhaust and low temperature. As previously mentioned, since the exhaust pressure is very low, noise and temperature are also low.

[0022] These engines presented here, in addition to being used for land vehicles, are engines that can be designed for universal applications in any size with a very high power / weight ratio, which allows them to be used in aviation, due to the much greater efficiency than the Brayton cycle of the turbines, it is possible to improve the power with a much lower consumption than that demanded by the turbines and with less weight, more power and a long service life due to the very low relative friction speed between the internal parts of the engine.

[0023] Motors for electrical plants of more than 1,000,000 KW can be manufactured. Currently the largest known engine has only 100,000 KW and it is very heavy, since its weight reaches over 2300 tons and this engine of the invention would weigh close to 30 tons for that same power.

[0024] The engine presented here completes several cycles in each of the combustion sectors, comprising a turn of the axle, which makes it very light and powerful. As an illustration, but not a limitation, a three-sector engine with 16 combustion chambers per sector can be used, which in each turn would generate 48 explosions (cycles). [0025] The torque of this motor is very high and continuous with little oscillation, which allows low revolutions per minute, therefore, less consumption at minimum rpm. The torque can be improved by tilting the seal blades at a predetermined angle proven in the laboratory and only when the seal pastes are arranged in the block.

[0026] Additionally, the engine can be regenerative, accumulating energy in the compression part in an extra tank, which works as a reserve tank, only in vehicles such as trucks, trains, etc. The extra tank when the vehicle makes the descent movement, can accumulate the compressed air that is later used on the climbs as an extra energy reused free of charge, without having to use the brake to descend.

[0027] During reuse, the condensation water from the extra tank at the reserve pressure can be re-injected at the end of the combustion cycle for a cooling of the system without energy cost. This cooling occurs at the time of escape, further cooling the combustion sections. of the system.

[0028] The heating of the system is completely uniform around the engine without hot spots and is very low. The system can be cooled with a fan fitted to the balance counterweight between sectors.

[0029] The arrangement proposed here has a straight, round and flat design without strange curves.

[0030] The engine proposed here has a low friction speed between its elements, promoting high revolutions per minute. By way of illustration, but not limitation of the present invention, a high-powered sports vehicle can have 20,000 rpm. or more. The speed of the seal blades against the ring or against the block is minimal, since it is oscillating with alternating movements back and forth, achieving perfect lubrication of the seal blades with very low consumption of lubricating oil.

[0031] Alternatively, using special materials, such as teflon, self-lubricating metals, among others with similar characteristics, it would be possible to eliminate the consumption of lubricating oil, including the use of bearings to further reduce friction in some parts of the system (axes).

[0032] The engine object of the present invention, can be arranged in very small spaces, contributing to a greater useful space in every transport vehicle. With regard to air vehicles, for example, airplanes; this engine has a low frontal section, reducing drag, and these mixed turbofan engines (with inverter included in the propeller, intubated propellers) can be made of very high power, much more efficiency and more than 100,000 HP at 1500 rpm with less weight than the turbines and for speeds similar to current commercial airplanes (1000 klmts./Hr.).

[0033] Additionally, this engine still operates at low exhaust temperatures, practically undetectable by the infrared and are very quiet. Without using any reducer or flow diverters for braking, only the reversible turbofan, or intubated reversible propeller. It can be used in supersonic airplanes with a very special design adding one or more axial or centrifugal turbochargers, combustion chambers and expansion heads, this mixed engine would be extremely efficient and would not need a turbine. In addition to vertical takeoff planes, helicopters, etc.

[0034] The compression ratio can increase to a very high value without detonation, as the air and fuel are previously cooled.

[0035] The exhaust valves work at low temperatures and low pressures. This fact contributes to the fact that production processes and materials can be used simpler, reducing manufacturing costs. Among the materials that could be used, we have aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, among others.

[0036] Although it is very different from the engines most used today, the production lines can easily adapt to manufacture this engine quickly with low cost.

[0037] In the design of these engines, any of the possible combinations can be used, being able to use one or more different sectors and any number of combustion and / or compression chambers in each sector, which may vary between them.

[0038] This engine could also be used for energy production, in thermoelectric form, using only 1/3 of fuel, and machines with power greater than 1000 M.W., of an extremely small and super economical size could also be manufactured.

[0039] When we think about the use of said engine in boats, for example, the desired speed could be almost doubled with the same fuel consumption.

[0040] Last but not least, the present engine contributes to the health of the planet, as global warming would be reduced, since there would be a lot of reduction in the CO2 emission rates into the atmosphere.

[0041] Specifically with regard to the structural arrangement of the motor of the present invention, it can comprise only a single sector or comprise a plurality of sectors that work together as if they were a single motor, as shown in Figure 1. [0042] Said sectors are ordered according to the engine design, and the engine may have one or more sectors in its different shapes, sizes, order and composition for each particular use.

[0043] Particularly, Figure 1 shows the assembly of an internal combustion engine without the external elements. Said engine is provided with several holes for entry and exit of gases and liquids in each sector of the engine.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a motor is provided comprising several sectors along its longitudinal axis, which are provided inside with cylindrical, ring-shaped structures and hereinafter referred to as subassembly. Said subassemblies are better detailed by Figures 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 5A and 5B).

[0045] Particularly, said subassemblies (ring) adjust to the outside diameter of its own eccentric throughout its length, in addition to having free rotation over the eccentric. The eccentric forms an inseparable part of the engine, which also comprises its axis and its ring, these elements being fixedly assembled together the axis with the eccentric and the ring with the eccentric free, as shown in Figure 2B. The axle and cam may be one piece on single sector engines, but on more than one sector engines they must be separated and assembled together fixed later when the final assembly is done see Figure 11

[0046] A person skilled in the art will understand that the dimensions, quantities of rings, quantities of additional elements in each ring, shapes and compositions, may vary according to the design of the engine. However, the motor shaft and the eccentric can vary while the compositions, size and shapes and rotate together inside the ring that just oscillates.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5B shows an engine with 8 combustion or compression chambers, while Figure 2B, shows an engine with 9 combustion or compression chambers. These Figures show a cross section of the engine, showing the main subassembly, the ring in red.

[0048] Figure 6 of the present invention shows the additional elements of the engine, such as the seals, which work together with the subassemblies. Said seals are arranged one in each groove of the subassembly or one in each groove of the structural block.

[0049] The blades slide inside the grooves with the force of their springs or pressure air, which are not shown in the Figures, against the subassembly or against the structure block and promoting a division of the empty internal space of each sector in combustion or compression chambers.

[0050] The surfaces of the seals are where the sealing occurs by means of a sliding-oscillating movement against the ring or against the structure block and laterally sliding against the engine covers.

[0051] Subassemblies are responsible for the operation of the engine presented here. If the ring (subassembly) is not present in the project, the engine would only work with the seal blades on the block and the relative speed would be very high against the eccentric, the part where the lubrication would be weak, therefore the engine could only have low rpm and its useful life would also be very low, emissions would also be very high, because if you would need to use a lot of oil, or if you could manufacture large engines, these would be impossible due to the very high relative speed.

[0052] The motor shaft rotates together when the cam starts to move. However, during the rotating movement of the motor shaft and eccentric, the ring, the subassembly, oscillates, as it is free, as shown in Figures 5A and 5B.

[0053] In the present invention, the combustion or compression chambers are formed by the closed internal space for combustion between the parts (subassemblies), which is formed by two intermediate or final covers, a carcass (frame, structure or block), two consecutive stamp seals and the ring. Figure 8 shows this cover, which separates the different sectors that make up the engine and can vary in size, shape and composition according to the project.

[0054] The greater the number of combustion chambers in a project, the greater the number of explosions per revolution and the smoother, more resistant, more efficient and with a long useful life.

[0055] The main benefit of the presence of the ring in the engines of the present invention is the relative speed between this and the seal pads, this is often less than that applied to current engines.

[0056] With this, the wear of the seals and all other elements of the engine is much less. The revolutions per minute of the engine can be increased several times, which makes it possible to make engines smaller, lighter and with higher speeds of rotation, even though these have practically no limits in power and size.

[0057] The subassemblies of the seals, are provided with at least one push spring on the innermost end of each seals or pressure air. Said springs are not shown in the Figures accompanying the present application. Particularly, said springs are arranged against the ring or against the block, pushing against them according to the case, as shown in Figures 2B, 10A and 10B.

[0058] This engine also includes valves for the entry and exit of combustion and compression gases not shown in the figures.

[0059] Figure 9 of the present invention shows a theoretical thermodynamic profile representative of pressure-volume of the present internal combustion engine. One skilled in the art recognizes that this particular thermodynamic cycle is extremely efficient, with very large fuel savings. [0060] The present invention provides the technique of a ring as a whole in which the relative speed between said ring and the seal blades is extremely low which allows for an excellent lubrication of the system, adequate sealing, durability and minimum consumption of lubricating oil . Therefore, the paddle wear is reduced and the engine revolutions per minute can be significantly increased, which makes it possible to make engines of smaller size and weight, for high power, high speed (rpm), high efficiency, low consumption , low pollution rate and long service life.

[0061] The invention described here is not limited to this embodiment and, those skilled in the art, will realize that any particular feature introduced therein should be understood only as something that has been described to facilitate understanding and have been carried out without departing from the concept inventive described. The limiting characteristics of the object of the present invention are related to the claims that are part of this report.

Claims

1. Combustion engine CHARACTERIZED FOR internally comprising, along its longitudinal axis, ring-shaped cylindrical structures and straight parallelepiped stamps, these stamp pads are arranged one in each ring groove or one in each groove of the structural block.

2. Combustion engine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY understanding the ring of any shape, number of parts, size and compositions and it adjusts to the outside diameter of its own eccentric throughout its length and has free rotation in the eccentric.

3. Combustion engine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY the eccentric of any shape, size or composition which forms an inseparable part of the engine and also comprises its shaft inside and the ring outside, the shaft being inside of the cam that are mounted together in a fixed way and the ring outside the cam mounted free.

4. Combustion engine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY stamp seals of any size, any composition, any number of pieces in each one, and always in a parallelepiped form that slide inside the grooves with the force of the springs or air pressure against the ring or against the structure block to promote the division of the empty internal space of each sector in combustion or compression chambers.

5. Combustion engine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY the fact that on the surfaces of the seals the sealing occurs by means of a sliding-oscillating movement against the ring or against the structure block and laterally sliding against the engine covers .

6. Combustion engine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY the fact that the engine shaft rotates together when the cam moves and the ring just oscillates.

7. Combustion engine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY performing the complete thermodynamic cycle in each lap in which the compression is performed in stages with intermediate cooling, after each stage is compressed more to the maximum in the combustion chamber to burst in this and immediately make the most of the energy obtained during the expansion of the gases inside the combustion chamber to complete the cycle.

8. Combustion engine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY its structural arrangement having reduced dimensions, but capable of performing a thermodynamic cycle in each turn of the axle as many times as combustion chambers have extremely high efficiency.

9. Combustion engine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY the fact that the friction speed between the seal blades and the ring is minimal.