WO2020144331A1 - Process for extracting phycocyanins - Google Patents
Process for extracting phycocyanins Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020144331A1 WO2020144331A1 PCT/EP2020/050549 EP2020050549W WO2020144331A1 WO 2020144331 A1 WO2020144331 A1 WO 2020144331A1 EP 2020050549 W EP2020050549 W EP 2020050549W WO 2020144331 A1 WO2020144331 A1 WO 2020144331A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phycocyanin
- phycocyanins
- solution
- concentration
- precipitation
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/405—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
- A23L5/42—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners
- A23L5/46—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using dyes or pigments of microbial or algal origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/30—Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/34—Extraction; Separation; Purification by filtration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/89—Algae ; Processes using algae
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new process for extracting and purifying phycocyanins produced by fermentation of microalgae, in particular produced by Galdieria sulphuraria, by selective precipitation.
- Phycocyanin extraction processes generally consist in precipitating organic matter other than phycocyanins present in an aqueous crude extract resulting from a fermentation of microalgae to preserve the phycocyanins in the supernatant which will be filtered before precipitating the phycocyanins (JP 2004359638).
- certain organic compounds, in particular complex polysaccharides such as glycogen remain soluble under the same conditions as phycocyanins.
- a filtration step (ultrafiltration) can be used to remove the water in order to concentrate the phycocyanin and remove small molecules (proteins, ions, organic acid, etc.) whose size is smaller. at the cutoff threshold of the filter used, to obtain the purest phycocyanin possible.
- the cutoff threshold of the filter being lower than the size of the glycogen, this is not eliminated and increases the viscosity of the retentate, reducing the filtration rates.
- the viscosifying effect of glycogen as a function of its concentration has been demonstrated using purified glycogen from Galdieria sulphuraria (Martinez-Garcia et al., 2017).
- the purified phycocyanins obtained retain high levels of these sugars which can alter the qualities of the phycocyanins, in particular their coloring power, requiring the production and / or use of larger quantities of phycocyanins for the same effect.
- These residual polysaccharides behave like a filler which increases the costs of manufacturing phycocyanin and can limit the commercial uses of the phycocyanin obtained, for example for the preparation of foods which have a low sugar content.
- the method according to the invention consists in performing a selective precipitation of the phycocyanins directly from the crude extract which contains them under conditions which respect the integrity of the phycobilliproteins and which allow the main impurities, in particular the polysaccharides, to be kept in solution. including glycogen.
- This selective precipitation results from a combined action on two factors, simultaneously or in sequence in an indifferent order, on the one hand the pH of the solution and on the other hand the phycocyanin concentration.
- the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the purification of phycocyanins resistant to acidic pH produced by Galdieria sulphuraria.
- the invention relates to a process for extracting phycocyanins from a solution comprising the phycocyanin (s), also called initial phycocyanin solution, comprising a selective precipitation step which consists firstly in adjusting the pH of the initial solution at a value chosen in a range of pH values in which the phycocyanins are less soluble (also called instability range) and on the other hand to concentrate the phycocyanins in the solution to promote their precipitation, then a step of recovering the precipitated phycocyanin.
- a selective precipitation step which consists firstly in adjusting the pH of the initial solution at a value chosen in a range of pH values in which the phycocyanins are less soluble (also called instability range) and on the other hand to concentrate the phycocyanins in the solution to promote their precipitation, then a step of recovering the precipitated phycocyanin.
- the two pH adjustment and concentration actions can be implemented simultaneously or in sequence, either by adjusting the pH of the initial solution before concentrating, or by concentrating the initial solution before adjusting the pH.
- the conditions of differential concentration mean that only the phycocyanins precipitate, the other products which can be described as impurities, especially the polysaccharides, remain in solution.
- the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the purification of a phycocyanin solution extracted from a culture of phycocyanin-producing microorganism which also produces glycogen, in particular within the framework of an industrial process for the production of phycocyanin which comprises culturing the microorganisms, then recovering the biomass produced to extract phycocyanin, and recovering phycocyanin from this biomass.
- the process is particularly suitable for phycocyanins produced by microorganisms which produce high glycogen contents, in particular for the extraction and purification of phycocyanins from a biomass which comprises more than 10% glycogen relative to the total dry matter.
- Phycocyanin-producing microorganisms are well known, in particular algae (or microalgae) of the orders of Cyanidiales.
- the order of Cyanidiales includes the families of Cyanidiaceae or Galdieriaceae, themselves subdivided into the genera Cyanidioschyzon, Cyanidium or Galdieria, to which belong among others the species Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D, Cyanidioschyzon merolae DBV201, Cyanidium caldarum, Cyanidium maximum, Cyanidium , Cyanidium partitum, Cyanidium rumpens, Galdieria daedala, Galdieria maxima, Galdieria partita or even Galdieria sulphuraria. Mention will in particular be made of the strain Galdieria sulphuraria (also called Cyanidium caldarium (UTEX 2919).
- microorganisms which produce phycocyanin with a high glycogen content are more particularly identified among the microorganisms mentioned above, in particular the species of the genera Cyanidioschyzon, Cyanidium or Galdieria, more particularly Galdieria sulfuraria.
- the recovery of phycocyanin from biomass is also known from the skilled person. Mention may in particular be made of patent application WO 2018/178334. It generally requires a cell, mechanical or enzymatic lysis step in order to release the phycocyanin produced in the cellular compartments of the microorganisms. This lysis is advantageously carried out at a pH favorable to the solubilization of phycocyanins. This cell lysis will generally generate a phycocyanin solution which comprises organic matter in suspension (called crude suspension) which can be separated by usual filtration methods. A crude phycocyanin solution is then obtained which can be further purified so as to remove low molecular weight organic residues by usual ultrafiltration methods to obtain a refined solution from which phycocyanin will be obtained.
- crude suspension organic matter in suspension
- a crude phycocyanin solution is then obtained which can be further purified so as to remove low molecular weight organic residues by usual ultrafiltration methods to obtain a refined solution from which phycocyanin will be obtained.
- the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the purification of a solution of phycocyanins resistant to acidic pH, in particular the phycocyanins described in application WO 2017/050918.
- the process according to the invention is implemented for the purification of phycocyanins resistant to acid pH produced by Galdieria sulphuraria, more particularly in a process for the industrial production of these phycocyanins by culture in a fermenter of Galdieria sulphuraria.
- the method is advantageously implemented for extracting phycocyanin from the raw juice obtained from a biomass of microorganisms producing phycocyanin.
- the initial solution of phycocyanin in particular the raw juice, comprises from 0.1 to 10 g / L of phycocyanin.
- the concentration consists in eliminating the water so as to obtain a phycocyanin content of at least 15 g / L, preferably at least 20 g / L, more preferably at least 30 g / L, or even at least 40 g / L.
- This concentration can be defined in% of volume loss depending on the content of phycocyanins in the initial solution.
- the raw juice will advantageously comprise at least 1 g / L of phycocyanins.
- the concentration will consist in eliminating at least 93% of the initial volume of liquid.
- the concentration is done by any known method to allow the elimination of water under conditions which preserve the integrity of the phycocyanins. Mention may be made of the methods of evaporation of water, in particular under reduced pressure to promote this evaporation under temperature conditions which respect the integrity of phycocyanins, without affecting their coloring power. We can also cite methods which make it possible to eliminate a liquid, such as tangential filtration with pore sizes which allow the passage of water and small molecules in solution but retain the proteins.
- pore filters from 50 kD to 100 kD will advantageously be chosen, in particular polyethersulfone or polysulfone filters.
- Adjusting the pH involves adding an acid or base to the initial solution or to the concentrated solution so as to reach a pH value within the instability range.
- the range of instability will depend on the phycocyanins to be purified, including the microorganism that produced it. In general, this instability range is from 4.5 to 5.5, in particular for phycocyanins resistant to acidic pHs as described above.
- cell lysis is carried out at an acidic pH, preferably less than 4.5, generally around 4, or even up to 3.
- Adjusting the pH then involves adding a base to reach the pH in the instability range.
- the method first consists in concentrating the initial juice.
- the concentration is carried out at a pH favorable for the solubilization of phycocyanins, that is to say outside the instability range.
- these pHs favorable to the solubilization of phycocyanins will advantageously be less than 4 or more than 5.
- the method consists first of adjusting the pH to the instability range and then concentrating the solution until the phycocyanins precipitate.
- This selective precipitation step is advantageously carried out at room temperature.
- those skilled in the art can modify the temperature so as to promote precipitation, for example by lowering the temperature to implement the second part of the step (concentration or adjustment of the pH) during which the precipitation has location.
- polysaccharides in solution in particular glycogen
- glycogen can then be recovered by usual methods of precipitation of polysaccharides, for example by adding ethanol (Martinez-Garcia et al., 2016), these polysaccharides can also then be purified.
- the polysaccharides contained in the initial solution with the phycocyanins are the subject of an enzymatic lysis which promotes their maintenance in solution.
- the traces of these polysaccharides liable to be entrained with the precipitation of the already weak phycocyanins are even more reduced when the polysaccharides are lysed into even more soluble low molecular weight polysaccharides.
- the concentration step is carried out by tangential filtration, the low molecular weight polysaccharides are eliminated with the other small molecules in solution, which favors obtaining a phycocyanin solution with an even higher content.
- the enzymatic lysis of glycogen is carried out at a pH less than or equal to 5, preferably about 4.5, at room temperature.
- the enzymes active under acidic pH conditions and at room temperature are chosen from enzymes known for glucuronidase a1-4, glucosidase a1-4 (or alpha-glucosidase) activity. Mention will in particular be made of pectinases known to degrade pectin and in particular pectinases extracted from filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus, more particularly from pectinases extracted from Aspegillus aculeatus, such as the enzymes sold under the name Pectinex® by the company Novozymes.
- the enzymatic lysis of glycogen can also be carried out with a glucosidase a1-6 in addition to glucuronidase a1-4 or glucosidase a1-4.
- Glucosidases a1-6 active under the pH and temperature conditions set out above are also known to those skilled in the art. These are in particular the pullulanases known to hydrolyze the glucosidic bonds a1-6 of the pullulan, in particular known to suppress the ramifications of starch.
- pullulanase / alpha-amylase mixtures are described in the state of the art, but in particular for producing glucose syrup from starch (US 2017/159090). Those skilled in the art will know how to determine the appropriate reaction conditions to best reduce the amounts of glycogen as a function of the initial glycogen content in the solution to be treated, the amount of enzymes used and the purity sought for the phycocyanin produced.
- the recovery of solid precipitated phycocyanins is carried out by any method known to a person skilled in the art, such as filtration or centrifugation.
- a person skilled in the art may consider any method of recovering solids so as to reduce the volume to be treated by filtration or centrifugation.
- This recovery can be done discontinuously, in batches, or even continuously, the addition of initial solution to compensate for the recovery of solid phycocyanins.
- This continuous recovery step will advantageously be carried out with a concentration by tangential filtration on a solution of unstable pH, the skilled person being able to adjust the respective flow rates of water removal and supply of solution of unstable pH for favor the precipitation of phycocyanins.
- Such a continuous process will be particularly suitable for treating initial solutions in which the polysaccharides and in particular the glycogen have undergone an enzymatic lysis which promotes their elimination by tangential filtration with water and the other small soluble molecules.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing phycocyanins by fermentation of microorganisms, said method comprising the following steps of (i) culturing the microorganisms to obtain a biomass rich in phycocyanin, (ii) recovering the biomass and cell lysis to dissolve the phycocyanins released in a suspension of cellular particles, (iii) clarification of the suspension previously obtained to obtain a crude solution of phycocyanin and (iv) recovery of phycocyanin from the crude solution previously obtained, characterized in that the recovery of the phycocyanin comprises a selective precipitation step as defined above.
- the solid recovered can then be dried by any suitable method, and if necessary ground.
- the recovered solid comprising phycocyanin can also be subjected to purification by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as diafiltration.
- the selective precipitation implemented according to the invention makes it possible to globally reduce the energy necessary for the production of powdered phycocyanin from of an initial solution, in particular from a raw juice, both on the quantity of material to be handled and on the energy necessary for the drying of the solid phycocyanin and its grinding.
- the phycocyanin obtained by this process has a purity index of at least 2, preferably at least 3, or even greater than 4.
- This purity index is measured by absorbance measurement with the method described by Moon & al. (2014).
- the phycocyanin obtained is a phycocyanin which has a glycogen / phycocyanin ratio (by dry weight) of less than 6, advantageously less than 4, preferably less than 3, more preferably less than 2.5, even more preferably less than 1.
- the invention also relates to the use of the phycocyanins obtained as coloring agents, in particular as food coloring agents. It also relates to foodstuffs, solid or liquid, in particular drinks which comprise a phycocyanin with a low glycogen content according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows the mass of the precipitate obtained at different concentrations of phycocyanin and different pH in the initial solution.
- FIG. 2 represents the concentration of phycocyanin in the supernatant after recovery of the precipitate as a function of the pH for different concentrations of phycocyanin.
- Galdieria sulphuraria also called Cyanidim caldarium
- the biomass is obtained by fermentation in Fedbatch mode using the conditions described in patent WO2017050918A1.
- PC Phycocyanin
- the crude PC extract is recovered after separation of the cellular debris by centrifugation at 10,000 g for 10 min at room temperature.
- the crude extract is concentrated by tangential filtration with a ceramic membrane or an organic membrane with a cut-off threshold allowing phycocyanin to be retained.
- the samples are then centrifuged in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant.
- the mass of the base is measured using a balance of precision.
- the pellet is re-suspended in an aqueous solution of pH 7 allowing its resolubilization, this in order to be able to quantify the precipitated phycocyanin.
- a crude phycocyanin solution with an initial concentration of 1 g / l of PC and an initial purity of 1.6 is concentrated by tangential filtration at pH 4 until a retentate with a concentration of 20 g / l is obtained, then 30 g / l then 45 g / l.
- a retentate with a concentration of 20 g / l is obtained, then 30 g / l then 45 g / l.
- this purity does not exceed the value of 2 despite the degree of concentration of the product.
- the precipitation of phycocyanin is weak at pH 4 and increases slightly while making evolve the pH towards higher values (Fig. 1).
- Table 1 reports the measurement of the purity of phycocyanin after re-solubilization of the phycocyanin precipitate for precipitation at pH 7.5.
- Example 2 Effect of the concentration and of the pH on the precipitation and the purification of the PC on an enzymatically digested sample.
- the crude solution is subjected to an enzymatic digestion in order to degrade the glycogen present.
- precipitation is important for a pH range between 4.5 and 5.5, and the level of purity in this case reaches values greater than 3.8 during the resolubilization of the precipitated phycocyanin.
- Enzymatic digestion of glycogen does not affect precipitation purification.
- Table 2 below gives the values of the purity index of phycocyanin after precipitation by adjustment to the instability pH but also after re-solubilization of the phycocyanin precipitate.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA3125805A CA3125805A1 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | Process for extracting phycocyanins |
US17/420,801 US20220073572A1 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | Process for extracting phycocyanins |
EP20700136.3A EP3908652A1 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | Process for extracting phycocyanins |
AU2020207576A AU2020207576A1 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | Process for extracting phycocyanins |
JP2021540081A JP2022517218A (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | Methods for extracting phycocyanin |
MX2021008300A MX2021008300A (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | Process for extracting phycocyanins. |
KR1020217024325A KR20210137994A (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | Extraction method of phycocyanin |
CN202080015959.6A CN113454204B (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | Method for extracting phycocyanin |
BR112021013617-7A BR112021013617A2 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | PROCESS TO EXTRACT PHYCOCYANINS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1900278A FR3091703B1 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2019-01-11 | PHYCOCYANIN EXTRACTION PROCESS |
FR1900278 | 2019-01-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2020144331A1 true WO2020144331A1 (en) | 2020-07-16 |
Family
ID=68072461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2020/050549 WO2020144331A1 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | Process for extracting phycocyanins |
Country Status (11)
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US (1) | US20220073572A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3908652A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2022517218A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20210137994A (en) |
CN (1) | CN113454204B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2020207576A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112021013617A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3125805A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3091703B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2021008300A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020144331A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023026097A1 (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-02 | Fermentalg | Improved stabilization of phycocyanins in acidic compositions |
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2019
- 2019-01-11 FR FR1900278A patent/FR3091703B1/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-01-10 CA CA3125805A patent/CA3125805A1/en active Pending
- 2020-01-10 KR KR1020217024325A patent/KR20210137994A/en unknown
- 2020-01-10 WO PCT/EP2020/050549 patent/WO2020144331A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-01-10 MX MX2021008300A patent/MX2021008300A/en unknown
- 2020-01-10 JP JP2021540081A patent/JP2022517218A/en active Pending
- 2020-01-10 US US17/420,801 patent/US20220073572A1/en active Pending
- 2020-01-10 BR BR112021013617-7A patent/BR112021013617A2/en unknown
- 2020-01-10 EP EP20700136.3A patent/EP3908652A1/en active Pending
- 2020-01-10 CN CN202080015959.6A patent/CN113454204B/en active Active
- 2020-01-10 AU AU2020207576A patent/AU2020207576A1/en active Pending
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US20220073572A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
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