WO2020143622A1 - 一种海上风电直流并网系统 - Google Patents

一种海上风电直流并网系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020143622A1
WO2020143622A1 PCT/CN2020/070687 CN2020070687W WO2020143622A1 WO 2020143622 A1 WO2020143622 A1 WO 2020143622A1 CN 2020070687 W CN2020070687 W CN 2020070687W WO 2020143622 A1 WO2020143622 A1 WO 2020143622A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
offshore
wind power
voltage source
offshore wind
connection system
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PCT/CN2020/070687
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
詹长江
邵震霞
李钢
董云龙
卢宇
刘为群
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2020143622A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020143622A1/zh
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of power system transmission, and specifically relates to an offshore wind power DC grid connection system.
  • AC and DC There are two ways to send power from offshore wind farms to the land grid: AC and DC.
  • the AC transmission method uses industrial frequency AC submarine cables to send wind power to land. This transmission scheme has a simple structure and low cost, but it is mainly suitable for sending offshore wind farms.
  • the offshore wind power resources are broader and more stable.
  • offshore wind farms are gradually developing towards the deep sea.
  • the wind power AC transmission method will gradually lose its cost-effectiveness as the power loss, reactive power compensation difficulty and overall cost increase, and the DC transmission method becomes the preferred option.
  • the DC transmission mode the AC power of wind power is converted into DC power through a converter, and it is sent to the shore converter station with a low loss by means of a DC submarine cable, and then converted from DC to AC and connected to the grid.
  • the DC transmission method especially the flexible DC transmission method, also has strong fault ride-through, fault isolation capability and better stability, and can also achieve offshore wind farm voltage and frequency control Comprehensive control to improve the quality of the entire wind power grid.
  • a typical offshore wind power DC grid connection system is shown in Figure 1.
  • the electrical energy generated by the wind turbine is boosted from 35kV or 66kV to 200 ⁇ 300kV via an AC booster transformer 1 and sent to an offshore platform via a 5 ⁇ 20km AC submarine cable 2
  • the upper bus bar 3 is connected to the voltage source converter 5 through the converter transformer 4.
  • the converter converts AC power into DC power, and then sends it to a voltage source converter 8 located on land through a DC submarine cable 6, where the DC power is converted into AC power, and then injected into the AC power grid 10 through a converter transformer 9.
  • All equipment from the incoming line of the AC submarine cable 2 to the outgoing line of the DC submarine cable 6 is located on a deck composed of several steel plates, that is, on an offshore platform.
  • the International Large Grid Conference (CIGRE) Technical Report 619 discloses various technical solutions for the integration of offshore wind power through the DC system.
  • Offshore wind power is connected to the grid through DC, which requires a DC grid-connected system to provide a stable AC voltage.
  • 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the technical solution of FIG. 1, 41 is the equivalent impedance of the step-up transformer Ztr1, 42 is the equivalent impedance of the converter transformer Ztr4, and the voltage source converter is equivalent to the combination of the voltage source VSC_voltage and the internal impedance Zvsc 43 (ignoring the line impedance).
  • the offshore wind power DC grid connection system can be equivalent to the voltage source VSC_voltage connected to the wind turbine via the equivalent impedance Zvsc+Ztr4+Ztr2.
  • the voltage source is constant, the larger the equivalent impedance, the weaker the grid-connected system's ability to support the fan. Due to the large leakage resistance of the transformer, the existing technical solution is not conducive to the stability of the fan connection.
  • the existing technical solutions have the following defects: (1) Large area and general stability; (2) With the further increase of system capacity, the volume of offshore platforms increases rapidly, and the cost and construction difficulty will increase significantly; (3) The shore distance is getting farther and farther, and there will be people staying from time to time.
  • the converter valve transformer and the oil-containing equipment in the AC field have the risk of fire or explosion, which threatens the personal safety of the operating personnel.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an offshore wind power DC grid connection system, which meets the needs of long-distance, high-power electric energy transmission of offshore wind farms, and has the characteristics of good economy, high safety, and convenient construction.
  • An offshore wind power DC grid connection system includes a boost connection transformer, a busbar, and a voltage source converter.
  • the wind farm's output cables are collected on the busbar through the step-up connection transformer, and then connected to the voltage source converter.
  • the offshore wind power DC grid connection system is arranged on at least two parallel sub-platforms, wherein:
  • the step-up connection transformer and the busbar are located on the offshore platform AC part, the voltage source converter is located on the offshore platform DC part, and the offshore platform AC part and the offshore platform DC part are connected by at least one bridge.
  • the DC part of the offshore platform can be further divided into two pole platforms, and the two pole platforms are connected by at least one corridor bridge.
  • the corridor is equipped with pedestrian passages and at least one fire isolation device. If there is cable connection between the platforms, cable passages are also provided.
  • the offshore platform AC portion and the offshore platform DC portion are connected by at least two corridor bridges, which are independent of each other.
  • connection between the busbar and the voltage source converter can use a cable or a gas-insulated metal enclosed transmission line.
  • the boost connection transformer uses oil-immersed air cooling or seawater cooling, and uses a double-winding transformer or a three-winding transformer or a four-winding transformer.
  • the external cooling system of the voltage source converter uses air cooling or seawater cooling.
  • the DC part of the offshore platform is set up with working and living areas for personnel.
  • the auxiliary power of the offshore wind power DC grid connection system platform can be obtained from the third winding or the fourth winding of the boost connection transformer, or it can be obtained by setting a separate auxiliary power transformer on the busbar.
  • the AC part of the offshore platform and the DC part of the offshore platform can also be equipped with AC field switchgear and DC field switchgear, respectively, to achieve system input, exit, state transition, isolation, and maintenance functions; and can use decentralized equipment or gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear.
  • This application also proposes another offshore wind power DC connection system, including at least two DC circuits;
  • the DC loop includes a step-up connection transformer, a busbar, a voltage source-type converter at the sending end, a DC cable, a voltage source-type converter at the receiving end, and a wind farm output cable is collected at the busbar through the step-up connection transformer and then connected To the voltage source converter of the sending end, and connect to the voltage source converter of the receiving end through a DC cable;
  • the step-up connection transformers in the at least two DC circuits, the busbar, and the voltage source-type converter on the sending end are arranged on at least two sets of offshore platforms;
  • At least one set of the offshore platform is composed of at least two parallel sub-platforms
  • the at least two parallel sub-platforms include an offshore platform AC portion and an offshore platform DC portion, wherein the boost connection transformer is located on the offshore platform AC portion, and the busbar and the sending-end voltage source converter are located on the offshore platform DC portion ;
  • the offshore platform AC part and the offshore platform DC part are connected by at least one corridor bridge;
  • the two sets of offshore platforms are connected by at least one corridor bridge.
  • the voltage source-type converter in one DC loop is connected to the DC cable of another DC loop through a DC tie line.
  • the voltage source-type converter in one DC circuit is connected to the DC cable of another DC circuit through a DC tie line.
  • the sending-end voltage source-type converter and the receiving-end voltage source-type converter in one DC circuit are respectively connected to the DC cable of another DC circuit through a DC tie line.
  • the offshore platform AC portion and the offshore platform DC portion are connected by at least two corridor bridges, which are independent of each other.
  • the two sets of offshore platforms are connected by at least two corridor bridges, which are independent of each other.
  • the DC part of the offshore platform is divided into two pole platforms, and the two pole platforms are connected by at least one corridor bridge.
  • the corridor bridge is provided with a pedestrian walkway and at least one layer of fire isolation device.
  • the corridor bridge is also provided with a cable channel.
  • connection between the bus bar and the voltage source converter is a cable or gas insulated metal to seal the transmission line.
  • the boost connection transformer uses an oil-immersed air cooling method or a seawater cooling method, and uses a double winding transformer, a three winding transformer, or a four winding transformer.
  • the external cooling system of the voltage source-type converter at the sending end uses an air cooling method or a seawater cooling method.
  • the personnel working and living areas are set on the DC portion of the offshore platform.
  • the platform auxiliary power is obtained from the third winding or the fourth winding of the step-up connection transformer, or by providing a separate auxiliary power transformer on the bus bar.
  • the DC loop is configured with AC field switching equipment and DC field switching equipment to realize the functions of system input, exit, state transition, isolation, and maintenance; and the use of decentralized equipment or gas insulated metal enclosed switch equipment.
  • This application also proposes an offshore wind power DC grid connection system, including a two-pole DC loop;
  • the DC circuit of each pole includes a step-up connection transformer, a busbar, a voltage source-type converter at the sending end, a DC cable, a voltage source-type converter at the receiving end, and a cable sent from the wind farm through the step-up connection transformer to be collected in the busbar. Then connect to the voltage source converter of the sending end, and connect with the voltage source converter of the receiving end through a DC cable;
  • the voltage source converters of the two-pole DC loop are connected by pole tie wires;
  • the step-up connection transformer in the two-pole DC loop, the busbar, and the voltage source-type converter at the sending end are arranged on at least two sets of offshore platforms;
  • the two sets of offshore platforms are connected by at least one corridor bridge.
  • At least one set of the offshore platform is composed of at least two parallel sub-platforms
  • the at least two parallel sub-platforms include an offshore platform AC portion and an offshore platform DC portion, wherein the boost connection transformer is located on the offshore platform AC portion, and the busbar and the sending-end voltage source converter are located on the offshore platform DC portion ;
  • the offshore platform AC part and the offshore platform DC part are connected by at least one corridor bridge.
  • the neutral point of the two-pole voltage source converter of the transmitting end and the neutral point of the two-pole voltage source converter of the receiving end are connected by a neutral line.
  • the two sets of offshore platforms are connected by at least two corridor bridges, which are independent of each other.
  • the offshore platform AC portion and the offshore platform DC portion are connected by at least two corridor bridges, which are independent of each other.
  • the DC part of the offshore platform is divided into two pole platforms, and the two pole platforms are connected by at least one corridor bridge.
  • the corridor bridge is provided with a pedestrian walkway and at least one layer of fire isolation device.
  • the corridor bridge is also provided with a cable channel.
  • connection between the bus bar and the voltage source converter is a cable or a gas-insulated metal enclosed transmission line.
  • the boost connection transformer uses an oil-immersed air cooling method or a seawater cooling method, and uses a double winding transformer, a three winding transformer, or a four winding transformer.
  • the external cooling system of the voltage source-type converter at the sending end uses an air cooling method or a seawater cooling method.
  • the personnel working and living areas are set on the DC portion of the offshore platform.
  • the platform auxiliary power is obtained from the third winding or the fourth winding of the step-up connection transformer, or by providing a separate auxiliary power transformer on the bus bar.
  • the DC loop is configured with AC field switching equipment and DC field switching equipment to realize the functions of system input, exit, state transition, isolation, and maintenance; and the use of decentralized equipment or gas insulated metal enclosed switch equipment.
  • the oily AC equipment and oil-free DC equipment are arranged on different platforms, and the people's living and working areas are set on the DC portion, and isolation measures are established between the oily AC portion and have better safety;
  • the platform is divided into two parts, AC and DC, to reduce the manufacturing cost and the difficulty of offshore construction.
  • Figure 1 is an existing technical solution for an offshore wind power DC grid connection system.
  • Figure 2 is an improved offshore wind power grid-connected system.
  • Figure 3 is a bipolar structure offshore wind power DC connection system.
  • Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the existing technical solution of an offshore wind power DC grid connection system.
  • Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an improved offshore wind power DC-connected system.
  • Figure 6 is a multi-loop offshore wind power DC grid connection system.
  • FIG. 7 is a first embodiment of a multi-loop redundant offshore wind power DC grid connection system.
  • FIG. 8 is a second embodiment of a multi-loop redundant offshore wind power DC grid connection system.
  • FIG. 9 is a third embodiment of a multi-loop redundant offshore wind power DC grid connection system.
  • Figure 10 is a true bipolar structure offshore wind power DC connection system.
  • the offshore wind power DC grid connection system in this embodiment includes a step-up connection transformer, a busbar, and a voltage source converter.
  • the wind farm's output cables are collected on the busbar through the step-up connection transformer, and then connected to the voltage source converter.
  • the offshore wind power DC grid connection system is arranged on at least two parallel sub-platforms, wherein: the step-up connection transformer and the busbar are located on the offshore platform AC section, and the voltage source converter is located on the offshore platform DC section, the offshore platform
  • the AC part and the DC part of the offshore platform are connected by at least one corridor bridge.
  • the DC part of the offshore platform can be further divided into two pole platforms, and the two pole platforms are connected by at least one corridor bridge.
  • the corridor is equipped with pedestrian passages and at least one fire isolation device. If there is cable connection between the platforms, cable passages are also provided.
  • connection between the busbar and the voltage source converter uses a cable or a gas-insulated metal-enclosed transmission line.
  • the boost connection transformer uses oil-immersed air cooling or seawater cooling, and uses a double-winding transformer or a three-winding transformer or a four-winding transformer.
  • the external cooling system of the voltage source converter uses air cooling or seawater cooling.
  • the DC part of the offshore platform is set up with working and living areas for personnel.
  • the auxiliary power of the offshore wind power DC grid connection system platform can be obtained from the third winding or the fourth winding of the boost connection transformer, or it can be obtained by setting a separate auxiliary power transformer on the busbar.
  • the AC part of the offshore platform and the DC part of the offshore platform can also be equipped with AC field switchgear and DC field switchgear, respectively, to achieve system input, exit, state transition, isolation, and maintenance functions; and can use decentralized equipment or gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear.
  • an improved offshore wind power grid-connected system the offshore wind farm energy is connected to the booster connection transformer 12 of the offshore wind power grid-connected system through a 35kV or 66kV AC cable 11, and the transformer is directly boosted from 35kV From 200kV to 300kV, oil-immersed air cooling or seawater cooling is used.
  • a three-winding transformer is used to further improve the degree of system integration.
  • the output of the step-up connection transformer 12 is connected to the voltage source converter 14 via the bus bar 13.
  • the inverter 14 is generally a three-phase unit, and each phase unit is divided into an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm. Each bridge arm is composed of multiple sub-modules and reactors connected in series with each other. The most common sub-module topologies include half-bridge and full-bridge. Bridge, etc., to complete the conversion of electrical energy from AC to DC.
  • the converter valve cooling system is composed of an internal cooling system and an external cooling system.
  • the internal cooling system is a closed pure water cooling system, and the external cooling system is a seawater cooling system. A large amount of heat generated inside the converter valve is taken away through the internal and external cooling cycles.
  • the DC side is sent to a converter 19 located on land through a DC submarine cable 18, through which DC power is converted into AC power, and then connected to an AC power grid through a converter 20.
  • the offshore wind power DC connection system is arranged on at least two parallel sub-platforms.
  • the AC field equipment with the boost connection transformer 12 and the bus bar 13 as the core is arranged on the offshore platform AC part 15, and the AC field local control panel in the DC control protection system is also located on the platform.
  • the DC equipment with the converter 14 as the core and the entire DC control and protection system are arranged on the DC section 16 of the offshore platform. In order to ensure personal safety, personnel working and living spaces are set on the platform.
  • the offshore platform AC section 15 and the DC section 16 are connected by the bridges 17A and 17B.
  • the two corridors are independent of each other, and each is divided into two layers, one layer is the pedestrian channel, and the other is the cable channel.
  • the cables between the AC field equipment and the converter valve and the control and protection system cables are all arranged in the cable channel.
  • the bridge is provided with multiple fire isolation devices, which can cut off the spread of the fire when a fire occurs on one platform and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment on the other platform.
  • the step-up connection transformer 12 and the voltage source converter 14 may also be connected by a cable, or may be connected by a gas insulated metal closed transmission line GIL.
  • the auxiliary power of the entire offshore platform can be extracted from the third winding connected to the third winding, or it can be obtained by setting a separate auxiliary power transformer on the busbar.
  • a four-winding transformer can also be designed, in which two windings are used to connect to the wind farm, the third winding is connected to the boost connection, and the fourth winding draws auxiliary power.
  • the AC field and DC field can also be configured with AC field switchgear and DC field switchgear with different structures, such as isolation knife gates, circuit breakers, grounding knife gates, etc., to achieve the functions of system switching, isolation, maintenance, etc. .
  • the AC field equipment and DC field equipment can use gas insulated metal enclosure technology, such as gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear GIS.
  • the DC portion of the offshore platform can be further divided into two pole platforms, and the two pole platforms are constructed in stages according to the construction progress of the offshore wind farm, as shown in Figure 3 Shown.
  • the pole 1 voltage source converter 14A is located on the pole 1 platform 16A
  • the pole 2 voltage source converter 14B is located on the pole 2 platform 16B.
  • the two platforms are connected by a bridge 17C, which will serve as a channel for people and cables.
  • FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the technical solution of FIG. 2, 51 is the equivalent impedance Ztrc of the boost connection transformer 12, and the voltage source converter is equivalent to Zvsc+Ztrc. Since the leakage resistance of the transformer is generally 12% to 20%, Ztrc will be much smaller than Ztr4+Ztr2. Compared with the existing technical solutions, the DC grid-connected system greatly improves the support capacity of offshore wind turbines, thereby improving the access of the wind turbines. stability.
  • the multi-circuit offshore wind power DC grid connection system shown in FIG. 6 is another embodiment of the offshore wind power DC grid connection system.
  • a part of the offshore wind farm unit is connected to the two-winding or three-winding step-up connection transformer 62 of the offshore wind power DC grid-connected system through a 35kV or 66kV AC cable 61, and is connected to the transmission-end voltage source converter 64 via a bus bar 63.
  • the step-up connection transformer 62, the bus bar 63 and the voltage source converter 64 are located on an offshore AC/DC platform 70, which is an unattended platform.
  • the other part of the offshore wind farm unit is connected to the two-winding booster connection transformer 66 through a 35kV or 66kV AC cable, and is connected to a voltage source converter 68 at the sending end via a bus bar 67.
  • the step-up connection transformer is located on the offshore platform AC section 71, and the bus bar 67 and the voltage source converter 68 are located on the offshore platform DC section 72.
  • the offshore AC/DC platform 70 and the offshore platform DC section 72 are connected by at least one corridor bridge, and the corridor bridge is provided with multiple fire isolation devices, which can cut off the spread of fire when a fire occurs on one platform to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment on another platform.
  • the sending-end voltage source-type converter 64 is connected to the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 73 on the land through a DC cable 65, and then connected to the AC busbar and the AC power grid through the converter 74, and the sending-end voltage source-type converter
  • the converter 68 is connected to the receiving-end voltage source converter 76 located on the land through a DC cable 69, and then connected to the AC busbar and the AC power grid via the converter 77.
  • the DC circuit composed of the transmitting-end voltage source-type converter 64 and the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 73 and the DC-circuit consisting of the transmitting-end voltage source-type converter 68 and the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 76 are mutually independent.
  • the wind farm is directly connected to the voltage source converter through the step-up connection transformer, and the equivalent impedance is small, which effectively improves the stability of the wind power grid connection;
  • the personnel activity area is set in a relatively safe offshore with concentrated oil-free equipment On the DC part of the platform, and there is a fire isolation device between each platform to ensure maximum personal safety;
  • the two DC transmission circuits connected by the DC cable are independent of each other, and any one of the circuit failures can still ensure that the power of half the wind farm is smoothly sent out , Effectively improve the reliability of the entire grid-connected system.
  • the transmitting-end voltage source-type converter 64 is connected to the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 73 via a DC cable 65, and is also connected to the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 76 via a DC tie line 79.
  • the transmitting-end voltage source-type converter 68 is connected to the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 76 via a DC cable 69, and is also connected to the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 73 via a DC tie line 78.
  • the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 73 and the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 76 can replace each other, thereby improving the reliability of the entire DC grid-connected system.
  • FIG. 8 An improved solution based on Embodiment 4 is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the voltage source-type converter 64 at the transmitting end is connected to the voltage source-type converter 73 at the receiving end via a DC cable 65, and is connected to the DC cable 69 via the DC tie line 80; the voltage source-type converter 68 at the transmitting end is connected to the DC cable 69 at The receiving-end voltage source-type converter 76 is connected, and is connected to a DC cable 65 via a DC tie line 81.
  • the DC tie line 80 and the DC tie line 81 are laid in the bridge between the offshore AC/DC platform 70 and the offshore platform DC section 72.
  • the source-end voltage source converter 64 and the source-end voltage source converter 68 can be replaced with each other, thereby improving the reliability of the entire DC grid-connected system.
  • FIG. 9 An improved solution based on Embodiment 4 is shown in FIG. 9.
  • the voltage source-type converter 64 at the transmitting end is connected to the voltage source-type converter 73 at the receiving end via a DC cable 65, and is connected to the DC cable 69 via the DC tie line 80; the voltage source-type converter 68 at the transmitting end is connected to the DC cable 69 at The receiving-end voltage source-type converter 76 is connected, and is connected to a DC cable 65 via a DC tie line 81.
  • the DC tie line 80 and the DC tie line 81 are laid in the bridge between the offshore AC/DC platform 70 and the offshore platform DC section 72.
  • the other end of the DC cable 65 is connected to the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 73, and is connected to the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 76 via the DC tie line 79; the other end of the DC cable 69 is connected to the receiving-end voltage source-type converter 76 , Connected to the receiving-end voltage source converter 73 via the DC tie line 78.
  • Fig. 10 is another embodiment of an offshore wind power DC grid connection system.
  • a part of the offshore wind farm unit is connected to the two-winding or three-winding step-up connection transformer 62 of the offshore wind power DC grid-connected system through a 35kV or 66kV AC cable 61, and is connected to the voltage source converter 90 of the pole 1 sending end via the bus bar 63.
  • the step-up connection transformer, busbar and pole 1 voltage source converter are located on an offshore AC/DC platform 70, which is an unattended platform.
  • Another part of the offshore wind farm unit is connected to the two-winding booster connection transformer 66 through a 35kV or 66kV AC cable, and is connected to the voltage source converter 91 of the pole 2 transmission end via the bus bar 67.
  • the step-up connection transformer is located on the offshore platform AC section 71, and the bus bar and voltage source converter are located on the offshore platform DC section 72.
  • the voltage source-type converter 90 of the pole 1 transmitting end and the pole 2 voltage source-type converter are connected by a pole tie line 92.
  • the offshore AC/DC platform 70 and the offshore platform DC section 72 are connected by at least one corridor bridge, and the corridor bridge is provided with multiple fire isolation devices, which can cut off the spread of fire when a fire occurs on one platform to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment on another platform.
  • the covered bridge also includes a cable channel, and a connecting cable including a pole tie line 92 is laid.
  • the pole 1 transmitting terminal voltage source type converter 90 is connected to the pole 1 receiving terminal voltage source type converter 95 on the land through the pole 1 DC cable 93, and then connected to the AC busbar and the AC power grid through the pole 1 converter transformer 98
  • the pole-source voltage converter 91 at the pole 2 is connected to the pole-source voltage source 96 at the pole 2 through the pole 2 DC cable 94, and then connected to the AC busbar and the AC grid via the pole 2 converter 99.
  • the pole 1 receiver voltage source converter 95 and the pole 2 receiver voltage source converter 96 are connected by a pole tie line 97.
  • the neutral point between the pole 1 transmitter voltage source converter 90 and the pole 2 transmitter voltage source converter 91 and the pole 1 receiver voltage source converter 95 and pole 2 receiver voltage source converter The neutral point between the devices 96 is connected by a neutral cable 100.
  • the neutral point between the voltage source-type converter 90 of the pole 1 and the voltage source-type converter 91 of the pole 2 is directly grounded, At the same time, the neutral point between the pole 1 receiving end voltage source type 95 and the pole 2 receiving end voltage source type 96 is also directly grounded, and a neutral cable connection is not required.

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Abstract

一种海上风电直流并网系统，包括升压连接变压器（12），汇流母线（13），电压源型换流器（14）及其辅助设备。其中，升压连接变压器（12）和汇流母线（13）位于海上平台交流部分（15）上，电压源型换流器（14）位于海上平台直流部分（16）上，海上平台交流部分（15）与海上平台直流部分（16）之间通过廊桥（17A，17B）连接。该并网系统能够提高风机接入的稳定性和安全性。

Description

一种海上风电直流并网系统 技术领域
本申请属于电力系统输电领域，具体涉及一种海上风电直流并网系统。
背景技术
海上风电场的电力送往陆地电网有交流和直流两种方式。交流传输方式使用工频交流海底电缆将风电电能送往陆地。这种传输方案结构简单，成本较低，但主要适用于近海风电场送出。
远海风电资源更为广阔稳定，为获取更多的海上风能资源,海上风电场逐渐向深远海方向发展。当风电场距离岸边超过60km、进入广义的远海区域时，风电交流送出方式将随着电能损耗、无功补偿难度和整体造价的提升而逐渐丧失性价比，而直流输电方式则成为优选项。直流输电方式通过换流器将风电交流电能变换为直流电能，借助直流海缆以较低的损耗送到岸边变流站，再从直流变换为交流接入电网。采用直流输送方式、特别是柔性直流输电方式除了损耗小、传输容量大之外，还具备很强的故障穿越、故障隔离能力和更好的稳定性，同时还能实现海上风电场电压、频率控制等综合控制，提升整个风电并网质量。
一个典型的海上风电直流并网系统如图1所示，风机发出的电能经交流升压变压器1从35kV或66kV升压到200～300kV，并通过5～20km交流海缆2送到位于海上平台上的汇流母线3，再经过换流变压器4接入电压源型换流器5。该换流器将交流电能转换为直流电能，再通过直流海底电缆6送往位于陆地的电压源型换流器8，将直流电能转换为交流电能后，经过换流变压器9注入交流电网10。从交流海缆2进线到直流海缆6出线之间的全部设备位于一个由若干钢板构成的甲板，即一个海上平台上。国际大电网会议(CIGRE)技术报告619“HVDC CONNECTION OF OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS”公开了目前海上风电通过直流系统并网的各种技术方案。
海上风电通过直流并网，需要直流并网系统提供稳定的交流电压。图4为图1技术方案的等效电路图，41是升压变压器等效阻抗Ztr1，42是换流变压器等效阻抗Ztr4，电压源型换流器等效为电压源VSC_voltage与内阻抗Zvsc的组合43(忽略线路阻抗)。 可见，海上风电直流并网系统可等效为电压源VSC_voltage经等效阻抗Zvsc+Ztr4+Ztr2与风电机组连接。在电压源恒定时，等效阻抗越大，并网系统对风机的支撑能力越弱。由于变压器漏抗较大，所以现有技术方案不利于风机接入稳定性。
现有技术方案存在如下缺陷：(1)占地大且稳定性一般；(2)随着系统容量的进一步提升，海上平台体量骤增，造价与施工难度将显著增加；(3)平台离岸距离越来越远，不定时会有人员驻留，换流阀变压器和交流场含油设备存在失火或爆炸风险，对运行人员人身安全存在威胁。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种海上风电直流并网系统，满足海上风电场远距离、大功率电能传输需要，具有经济性好、安全性高、施工方便的特点。
为实现上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
一种海上风电直流并网系统，包括升压连接变压器，汇流母线，电压源型换流器。风电场送出电缆经过升压连接变压器汇集于汇流母线，再连接到电压源型换流器。
所述海上风电直流并网系统布置在至少两个并列的子平台上，其中：
升压连接变压器和汇流母线位于海上平台交流部分上，电压源型换流器位于海上平台直流部分上，海上平台交流部分与海上平台直流部分之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。其中，海上平台直流部分还可进一步分为两个极平台，两个极平台之间通过至少有一个廊桥连接。廊桥设有人行通道和至少一层防火隔离装置，如果平台间有电缆连接，还设有电缆通道。
优选的，所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
汇流母线与电压源型换流器之间的连接可以采用电缆或者气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路。
升压连接变压器使用油浸风冷方式或者海水冷却方式，使用双绕组变压器或三绕组变压器或四绕组变压器。
电压源型换流器外冷系统使用风冷方式或者海水冷却方式。
海上平台直流部分设置人员工作和生活区域。
海上风电直流并网系统平台辅助电源可以从升压连接变压器的第三绕组或第四绕组获得，也可以在汇流母线上设置单独的辅助电源变压器获得。
海上平台交流部分和海上平台直流部分还可分别配置交流场开关设备和直流场开关设备，实现系统投入、退出、状态转换、隔离、检修功能；并可采用分散设备或者气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备。
本申请同时提出了另一种海上风电直流并网系统，包括至少两个直流回路；
所述直流回路包括升压连接变压器，汇流母线，送端电压源型换流器，直流电缆，受端电压源型换流器，风电场送出电缆经过升压连接变压器汇集于汇流母线，再连接到送端电压源型换流器，并通过直流电缆与受端电压源型换流器连接；
所述至少两个直流回路中的升压连接变压器，汇流母线，送端电压源型换流器布置在至少两套海上平台上；
所述海上平台中至少有一套为至少两个并列的子平台构成；
所述至少两个并列的子平台，包括海上平台交流部分和海上平台直流部分，其中升压连接变压器位于海上平台交流部分上，汇流母线和送端电压源型换流器位于海上平台直流部分上；
所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少一个廊桥连接；
所述两套海上平台之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。
优选的，一个直流回路中的送端电压源型换流器通过直流联络线连接于另一个直流回路的直流电缆。
优选的，一个直流回路中的受端电压源型换流器通过直流联络线连接于另一个直流回路的直流电缆。
优选的，一个直流回路中的送端电压源型换流器和受端电压源型换流器分别通过直流联络线连接于另一个直流回路的直流电缆。
优选的，所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
优选的，两套海上平台通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
优选的，所述海上平台直流部分分为两个极平台，两个极平台之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。
优选的，所述廊桥设有人行通道和至少一层防火隔离装置。
优选的，平台间有电缆连接时，所述廊桥还设有电缆通道。
优选的，所述汇流母线与电压源型换流器之间的连接采用电缆或者气体绝缘金属封 闭输电线路。
优选的，所述升压连接变压器使用油浸风冷方式或者海水冷却方式，使用双绕组变压器或三绕组变压器或四绕组变压器。
优选的，所述送端电压源型换流器的外冷系统使用风冷方式或者海水冷却方式。
优选的，人员工作和生活区域设置在所述海上平台直流部分上。
优选的，平台辅助电源从升压连接变压器的第三绕组或第四绕组获得，或者通过在汇流母线上设置单独的辅助电源变压器获得。
优选的，所述直流回路配置交流场开关设备和直流场开关设备，实现系统投入、退出、状态转换、隔离、检修功能；并采用分散设备或者气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备。
本申请还提出了一种海上风电直流并网系统，包括两极直流回路；
所述每极直流回路包括升压连接变压器，汇流母线，送端电压源型换流器，直流电缆，受端电压源型换流器，风电场送出电缆经过升压连接变压器汇集于汇流母线，再连接到送端电压源型换流器，并通过直流电缆与受端电压源型换流器连接；
所述两极直流回路的电压源型换流器之间通过极联络线连接；
所述两极直流回路中的升压连接变压器，汇流母线，送端电压源型换流器布置在至少两套海上平台上；
所述两套海上平台之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。
优选的，所述海上平台中至少有一套为至少两个并列的子平台构成；
所述至少两个并列的子平台，包括海上平台交流部分和海上平台直流部分，其中升压连接变压器位于海上平台交流部分上，汇流母线和送端电压源型换流器位于海上平台直流部分上；
所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少一个廊桥连接。
优选的，所述送端两极电压源型换流器的中性点与受端两极电压源型换流器的中性点之间通过中性线连接。
优选的，两套海上平台通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
优选的，所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
优选的，所述海上平台直流部分分为两个极平台，两个极平台之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。
优选的，所述廊桥设有人行通道和至少一层防火隔离装置。
优选的，平台间有电缆连接时，所述廊桥还设有电缆通道。
优选的，所述汇流母线与电压源型换流器之间的连接采用电缆或者气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路。
优选的，所述升压连接变压器使用油浸风冷方式或者海水冷却方式，使用双绕组变压器或三绕组变压器或四绕组变压器。
优选的，所述送端电压源型换流器的外冷系统使用风冷方式或者海水冷却方式。
优选的，人员工作和生活区域设置在所述海上平台直流部分上。
优选的，平台辅助电源从升压连接变压器的第三绕组或第四绕组获得，或者通过在汇流母线上设置单独的辅助电源变压器获得。
优选的，所述直流回路配置交流场开关设备和直流场开关设备，实现系统投入、退出、状态转换、隔离、检修功能；并采用分散设备或者气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备。
本申请的有益效果如下。
1.用紧凑型升压连接变取代交流升压变与换流变，减少设备占地面积，节约平台造价与施工成本；减小接入系统阻抗，提高风机接入稳定性。
2.含油的交流设备与不含油的直流设备分平台布置，将人员生活工作区域设置在直流部分上，与含油的交流部分之间设立隔离措施，具有更好的安全性；
3.平台分为交流与直流两部分，降低制造成本与海上施工难度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是一种海上风电直流并网系统现有技术方案。
图2是一种改进的海上风电直流并网系统。
图3是一种双极结构的海上风电直流并网系统。
图4是海上风电直流并网系统现有技术方案等效电路图。
图5是改进的海上风电直流并网系统等效电路图。
图6是一种多回路的海上风电直流并网系统。
图7是一种多回路冗余型的海上风电直流并网系统实施例一。
图8是一种多回路冗余型的海上风电直流并网系统实施例二。
图9是一种多回路冗余型的海上风电直流并网系统实施例三。
图10是一种真双极结构的海上风电直流并网系统。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例中的海上风电直流并网系统包括升压连接变压器，汇流母线，电压源型换流器。风电场送出电缆经过升压连接变压器汇集于汇流母线，再连接到电压源型换流器。
所述海上风电直流并网系统布置在至少两个并列的子平台上，其中：升压连接变压器和汇流母线位于海上平台交流部分上，电压源型换流器位于海上平台直流部分上，海上平台交流部分与海上平台直流部分之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。其中，海上平台直流部分还可进一步分为两个极平台，两个极平台之间通过至少有一个廊桥连接。廊桥设有人行通道和至少一层防火隔离装置，如果平台间有电缆连接，还设有电缆通道。
汇流母线与电压源型换流器之间的连接采用电缆或者气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路。
升压连接变压器使用油浸风冷方式或者海水冷却方式，使用双绕组变压器或三绕组变压器或四绕组变压器。
电压源型换流器外冷系统使用风冷方式或者海水冷却方式。
海上平台直流部分设置人员工作和生活区域。
海上风电直流并网系统平台辅助电源可以从升压连接变压器的第三绕组或第四绕组获得，也可以在汇流母线上设置单独的辅助电源变压器获得。
海上平台交流部分和海上平台直流部分还可分别配置交流场开关设备和直流场开关设备，实现系统投入、退出、状态转换、隔离、检修功能；并可采用分散设备或者气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备。
实施例2
如图2所示为一种改进的海上风电直流并网系统，海上风电场电能通过35kV或66kV 交流电缆11接入海上风电直流并网系统的升压连接变压器12，该变压器从35kV直接升压到200kV～300kV，采用油浸风冷方式或者海水冷却方式。当有两回及以上风电场进线电缆时，采用三绕组变压器以进一步提高系统集成程度。
升压连接变压器12出线经汇流母线13接入电压源型换流器14。换流器14一般为三相单元，各相单元分为上桥臂和下桥臂，每个桥臂上由相互串联多个子模块和电抗器构成，最常见的子模块拓扑包括半桥、全桥等，完成电能从交流到直流的转换。换流阀冷却系统由内冷系统和外冷系统两部分构成，内冷系统为封闭纯水冷却系统，外冷系统为海水冷却系统，通过内外冷循环带走换流阀内部产生的大量热量。直流侧通过直流海底电缆18送往位于陆地的换流器19，通过其将直流电能转换为交流电能，再经过换流变20接入交流电网。
该海上风电直流并网系统布置在至少两个并列的子平台上。其中以升压连接变压器12、汇流母线13为核心的交流场设备布置在海上平台交流部分15上，直流控制保护系统中的交流场就地控制屏也位于该平台上。以换流器14为核心的直流设备以及整个直流控制保护系统布置在海上平台直流部分16上。为了保证人身安全，人员工作和生活空间设置于该平台上。海上平台交流部分15与直流部分16之间通过廊桥17A和17B连接。两个廊桥相互独立，每个分为两层，一层为人行通道，一层为电缆通道。交流场设备与换流阀之间的电缆、控制保护系统线缆均布置在电缆通道中。廊桥设置多重防火隔离装置，在一个平台发生火灾时可切断火势蔓延，保障另一平台人员、设备安全。
升压连接变压器12与电压源型换流器14之间还可以通过电缆连接，也可以通过气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路GIL连接。
整个海上平台的辅助电源可以从三绕组连接变的第三绕组抽取，也可以在汇流母线上设置单独的辅助电源变压器获得。此外，还可设计一个四绕组变压器，其中两绕组用于接入风电场，第三绕组连接升压连接变，第四绕组抽取辅助电源。
交流场和直流场还可配置不同结构的交流场开关设备和直流场开关设备，如隔离刀闸、断路器、接地刀闸等，以实现系统投入、退出等运行方式转换或隔离、检修等功能。且交流场设备和直流场设备可采用气体绝缘金属封闭技术，如气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备GIS等。
当直流系统采用双极拓扑时，在更优选的实施例3中海上平台直流部分还可进一步分为两个极平台，并且根据海上风电场建设进度，分阶段建设两个极平台，如图3所示。极1电压源型换流器14A位于极1平台16A上，极2电压源型换流器14B位于极2平台 16B上。两个平台之间由廊桥17C连接，该廊桥将同时作为人员与电缆的通道。
图5为图2技术方案的等效电路图，51是升压连接变压器12等效阻抗Ztrc，电压源型换流器等效为Zvsc+Ztrc。由于变压器漏抗一般取值为12％到20％，Ztrc将远远小于Ztr4+Ztr2，相比现有技术方案，直流并网系统对海上风机的支撑能力大幅提升，从而提升了风机接入的稳定性。
实施例4
图6所示的一种多回路的海上风电直流并网系统为海上风电直流并网系统的另一种实施方案。一部分海上风电场机组通过35kV或66kV交流电缆61接入海上风电直流并网系统的两绕组或三绕组升压连接变压器62，经汇流母线63与送端电压源型换流器64相连。所述升压连接变压器62、汇流母线63和电压源型换流器64位于一个海上交直流平台70上，该平台为无人值守平台。另一部分海上风电场机组通过35kV或66kV交流电缆接入两绕组升压连接变压器66，经汇流母线67与送端电压源型换流器68相连。所述升压连接变压器位于海上平台交流部分71上，所述汇流母线67和电压源型换流器68位于海上平台直流部分72上。
当有多个升压连接变压器时，可以有多个海上平台交流部分作为其承载平台。人员工作和生活空间设置于海上平台直流部分之上。且海上交直流平台70与海上平台直流部分72之间通过至少一个廊桥连接，廊桥设置多重防火隔离装置，在一个平台发生火灾时可切断火势蔓延，保障另一平台人员、设备安全。
送端电压源型换流器64通过直流电缆65与位于陆地的受端电压源型换流器73连接，再经由换流变74接入交流汇流母线和交流电网，送端电压源型换流器68通过直流电缆69与位于陆地的受端电压源型换流器76相连，再经由换流变77接入交流汇流母线和交流电网。且由送端电压源型换流器64和受端电压源型换流器73组成的直流回路与送端电压源型换流器68和受端电压源型换流器76组成的直流回路相互独立。
在这个方案中，风电场通过升压连接变压器直接与电压源型换流器连接，等效阻抗小，有效提升了风电并网稳定性；人员活动区域设置在无油设备集中、相对安全的海上平台直流部分上，且各平台间有防火隔离装置隔离，最大程度保障了人身安全；由直流电缆相连的两个直流输电回路相互独立，任意一回路故障，仍能保证一半风电场的电能平稳送出，有效提高整个并网系统的可靠性。
实施例5
基于实施例4的一种改进的方案如图7所示。送端电压源型换流器64经直流电缆 65与受端电压源型换流器73连接，同时经直流联络线79与受端电压源型换流器76连接。同样的，送端电压源型换流器68经直流电缆69与受端电压源型换流器76连接，同时经直流联络线78与受端电压源型换流器73相连。采用种结构，受端电压源型换流器73与受端电压源型换流器76能相互替代，从而提高了整个直流并网系统的可靠性。
实施例6
基于实施例4的一种改进的方案如图8所示。送端电压源型换流器64经直流电缆65与受端电压源型换流器73相连，经直流联络线80与直流电缆69相连；送端电压源型换流器68经直流电缆69与受端电压源型换流器76相连，经直流联络线81与直流电缆65相连。直流联络线80和直流联络线81敷设于海上交直流平台70与海上平台直流部分72之间的廊桥中。
采用这种结构，送端电压源型换流器64与送端电压源型换流器68能够相互替代，从而提高了整个直流并网系统的可靠性。
实施例7
基于实施例4的一种改进的方案如图9所示。送端电压源型换流器64经直流电缆65与受端电压源型换流器73相连，经直流联络线80与直流电缆69相连；送端电压源型换流器68经直流电缆69与受端电压源型换流器76相连，经直流联络线81与直流电缆65相连。直流联络线80和直流联络线81敷设于海上交直流平台70与海上平台直流部分72之间的廊桥中。直流电缆65的另一端连接受端电压源型换流器73，经直流联络线79与受端电压源型换流器76相连；直流电缆69的另一端连接受端电压源型换流器76，经直流联络线78与受端电压源型换流器73相连。
采用这种结构，不仅受端电压源型换流器73与受端电压源型换流器76能相互替代，而且送端电压源型换流器64与送端电压源型换流器68也能相互替代，从而进一步提高了整个直流并网系统的可靠性。
实施例8
图10为海上风电直流并网系统的另一种实施方案。一部分海上风电场机组通过35kV或66kV交流电缆61接入海上风电直流并网系统的两绕组或三绕组升压连接变压器62，经汇流母线63与极1送端电压源型换流器90相连。所述升压连接变压器、汇流母线和极1电压源型换流器位于一个海上交直流平台70上，该平台为无人值守平台。另一部分海上风电场机组通过35kV或66kV交流电缆接入两绕组升压连接变压器66，经汇流母线67与极2送端电压源型换流器91相连。所述升压连接变压器位于海上平台交流 部分71上，所述汇流母线和电压源型换流器位于海上平台直流部分72上。极1送端电压源型换流器90与极2电压源型换流器由极联络线92连接。
当有多个升压连接变压器时，可以有多个海上平台交流部分作为其承载平台。人员工作和生活空间设置于海上平台直流部分之上。且海上交直流平台70与海上平台直流部分72之间通过至少一个廊桥连接，廊桥设置多重防火隔离装置，在一个平台发生火灾时可切断火势蔓延，保障另一平台人员、设备安全。廊桥还包括电缆通道，敷设包括极联络线92在内的连接线缆。
极1送端电压源型换流器90通过极1直流电缆93与位于陆地的极1受端电压源型换流器95连接，再经由极1换流变98接入交流汇流母线和交流电网，极2送端电压源型换流器91通过极2直流电缆94与位于陆地的极2受端电压源型96相连，再经由极2换流变99接入交流汇流母线和交流电网。极1受端电压源型换流器95与极2受端电压源型换流器96之间由极联络线97连接。
极1送端电压源型换流器90和极2送端电压源型换流器91间的中性点以及极1受端电压源型换流器95和极2受端电压源型换流器96间的中性点由中性线电缆100连接。
在另一种实施例9中，如果极1和极2完全对称，则极1送端电压源型换流器90和极2送端电压源型换流器91间的中性点直接接地，同时极1受端电压源型95和极2受端电压源型96间的中性点也直接接地，无需中性线电缆连接。
以上述依据本申请的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项申请技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项申请的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (40)

  1. 一种海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：包括升压连接变压器，汇流母线，电压源型换流器，风电场送出电缆经过升压连接变压器汇集于汇流母线，再连接到电压源型换流器；
    所述海上风电直流并网系统布置在至少两个并列的子平台上，其中：
    所述升压连接变压器和汇流母线位于海上平台交流部分上，所述电压源型换流器位于海上平台直流部分上；
    所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少一个廊桥连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述海上平台直流部分分为两个极平台，两个极平台之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述廊桥设有人行通道和至少一层防火隔离装置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：平台间有电缆连接时，所述廊桥还设有电缆通道。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述汇流母线与电压源型换流器之间的连接采用电缆或者气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述升压连接变压器使用油浸风冷方式或者海水冷却方式，使用双绕组变压器或三绕组变压器或四绕组变压器。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述电压源型换流器的外冷系统使用风冷方式或者海水冷却方式。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：人员工作和生活区域设置在所述海上平台直流部分上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：平台辅助电源从升压连接变压器的第三绕组或第四绕组获得，或者通过在汇流母线上设置单独的辅助电源变压器获得。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述海上平台交流部分和海上平台直流部分分别配置交流场开关设备和直流场开关设备，实现系统投 入、退出、状态转换、隔离、检修功能；并采用分散设备或者气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备。
  12. 一种海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：包括至少两个直流回路；
    所述直流回路包括升压连接变压器，汇流母线，送端电压源型换流器，直流电缆，受端电压源型换流器，风电场送出电缆经过升压连接变压器汇集于汇流母线，再连接到送端电压源型换流器，并通过直流电缆与受端电压源型换流器连接；
    所述至少两个直流回路中的升压连接变压器，汇流母线，送端电压源型换流器布置在至少两套海上平台上；
    所述海上平台中至少有一套为至少两个并列的子平台构成；
    所述至少两个并列的子平台，包括海上平台交流部分和海上平台直流部分，其中升压连接变压器位于海上平台交流部分上，汇流母线和送端电压源型换流器位于海上平台直流部分上；
    所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少一个廊桥连接；
    所述两套海上平台之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：一个直流回路中的送端电压源型换流器通过直流联络线连接于另一个直流回路的直流电缆。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：一个直流回路中的受端电压源型换流器通过直流联络线连接于另一个直流回路的直流电缆。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：一个直流回路中的送端电压源型换流器和受端电压源型换流器分别通过直流联络线连接于另一个直流回路的直流电缆。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
  17. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：两套海上平台通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
  18. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述海上平台直流部分分为两个极平台，两个极平台之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。
  19. 根据权利要求12至18任一项所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述廊桥设有人行通道和至少一层防火隔离装置。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：平台间有电缆连 接时，所述廊桥还设有电缆通道。
  21. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述汇流母线与电压源型换流器之间的连接采用电缆或者气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路。
  22. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述升压连接变压器使用油浸风冷方式或者海水冷却方式，使用双绕组变压器或三绕组变压器或四绕组变压器。
  23. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述送端电压源型换流器的外冷系统使用风冷方式或者海水冷却方式。
  24. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：人员工作和生活区域设置在所述海上平台直流部分上。
  25. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：平台辅助电源从升压连接变压器的第三绕组或第四绕组获得，或者通过在汇流母线上设置单独的辅助电源变压器获得。
  26. 根据权利要求12所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述直流回路配置交流场开关设备和直流场开关设备，实现系统投入、退出、状态转换、隔离、检修功能；并采用分散设备或者气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备。
  27. 一种海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：包括两极直流回路；
    所述每极直流回路包括升压连接变压器，汇流母线，送端电压源型换流器，直流电缆，受端电压源型换流器，风电场送出电缆经过升压连接变压器汇集于汇流母线，再连接到送端电压源型换流器，并通过直流电缆与受端电压源型换流器连接；
    所述两极直流回路的电压源型换流器之间通过极联络线连接；
    所述两极直流回路中的升压连接变压器，汇流母线，送端电压源型换流器布置在至少两套海上平台上；
    所述两套海上平台之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述海上平台中至少有一套为至少两个并列的子平台构成；
    所述至少两个并列的子平台，包括海上平台交流部分和海上平台直流部分，其中升压连接变压器位于海上平台交流部分上，汇流母线和送端电压源型换流器位于海上平台直流部分上；
    所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少一个廊桥连接。
  29. 根据权利要求27或28所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述送端两极电压源型换流器的中性点与受端两极电压源型换流器的中性点之间通过中性线连接。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：两套海上平台通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
  31. 根据权利要求28所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述海上平台交流部分与所述海上平台直流部分通过至少两个廊桥连接，廊桥之间相互独立。
  32. 根据权利要求28所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述海上平台直流部分分为两个极平台，两个极平台之间通过至少一个廊桥连接。
  33. 根据权利要求27至32任一项所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述廊桥设有人行通道和至少一层防火隔离装置。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：平台间有电缆连接时，所述廊桥还设有电缆通道。
  35. 根据权利要求27所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述汇流母线与电压源型换流器之间的连接采用电缆或者气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路。
  36. 根据权利要求27所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述升压连接变压器使用油浸风冷方式或者海水冷却方式，使用双绕组变压器或三绕组变压器或四绕组变压器。
  37. 根据权利要求27所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述送端电压源型换流器的外冷系统使用风冷方式或者海水冷却方式。
  38. 根据权利要求28所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：人员工作和生活区域设置在所述海上平台直流部分上。
  39. 根据权利要求27所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：平台辅助电源从升压连接变压器的第三绕组或第四绕组获得，或者通过在汇流母线上设置单独的辅助电源变压器获得。
  40. 根据权利要求27所述的海上风电直流并网系统，其特征在于：所述直流回路配置交流场开关设备和直流场开关设备，实现系统投入、退出、状态转换、隔离、检修功能；并采用分散设备或者气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备。
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