WO2020143223A1 - 一种科研温室湿帘降温装置及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种科研温室湿帘降温装置及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020143223A1
WO2020143223A1 PCT/CN2019/099154 CN2019099154W WO2020143223A1 WO 2020143223 A1 WO2020143223 A1 WO 2020143223A1 CN 2019099154 W CN2019099154 W CN 2019099154W WO 2020143223 A1 WO2020143223 A1 WO 2020143223A1
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Prior art keywords
greenhouse
temperature
indoor
outdoor
wet curtain
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
齐振宇
周杰
金蓉
胡卫珍
孔德栋
洪之奇
吕秉韬
王慧泉
胡美华
蔡林生
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0003—Exclusively-fluid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/082—Grilles, registers or guards
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity
    • F24F2110/22—Humidity of the outside air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of greenhouse cooling, in particular to a scientific research greenhouse wet curtain cooling device and control method.
  • Scientific research greenhouses generally have a large number of zones, and the area of a single zone is small. Each zone is adjacent to each other or connected by a corridor, and the scientific greenhouse is equipped with more equipment. Therefore, there are many difficulties in the design of greenhouse structure and the spatial layout of equipment in scientific research greenhouses.
  • the wet curtain and the fan of the traditional greenhouse are installed on opposite sides of the greenhouse. The negative pressure is formed in the greenhouse through the exhaust of the fan, so that the outdoor dry hot air passes through the wet curtain, and the moisture of the wet curtain vaporizes and absorbs heat to reduce the temperature.
  • a fan-wet curtain cooling method is more suitable for a production greenhouse with a larger area and less equipment, but there are more problems in a scientific greenhouse with a small area and high environmental control requirements.
  • the traditional cooling method of the fan and wet curtain is often due to the shading of the wet curtain and the fan, which leads to insufficient lighting on the side of the fan and wet curtain in the greenhouse.
  • this local impact is relatively small compared to the entire greenhouse. ;
  • the impact of the wet curtain and fan shading on the lighting of the entire greenhouse becomes very serious.
  • necessary spaces such as entrances and exits are also required, which often causes problems such as insufficient area of the wet curtain air inlet and uneven temperature distribution in the scientific research greenhouse, resulting in poor cooling effect of the scientific research greenhouse.
  • the traditional negative pressure fan wet curtain cooling device is also easy to cause crop pathogens and insect sources in the greenhouse to be sucked through the gap between windows, doors and glass.
  • the traditional wet curtain causes the wet curtain to drip and leak, causing the propagation of cyanobacteria and harmful bacteria in the greenhouse, affecting the normal operation of the greenhouse.
  • the conversion judgment between the start of the fan wet curtain device and natural ventilation is inaccurate.
  • the traditional wet curtain only starts or stops control according to the indoor temperature, without considering the actual cooling effect and energy consumption efficiency. ;
  • a simple start and stop control cannot be used to obtain a suitable cooling and ventilation volume, and the indoor temperature change is too large, and the air flow suddenly starts and stops, making the stability of the environment in the greenhouse poor , Affecting the normal growth of crops in the greenhouse.
  • frequent equipment start and stop will also affect the normal operation and service life of the equipment, as well as equipment power distribution and power supply.
  • the present invention provides a fan wet curtain cooling device suitable for scientific research greenhouses and a control method.
  • the scientific research greenhouse wet curtain cooling device can be widely used for high environmental control accuracy, Scientific research greenhouse and small-scale experimental greenhouse with good effects of cooling and preventing diseases and insect pests.
  • a scientific research greenhouse wet curtain cooling device for cooling the greenhouse, the cooling device includes a radiation sensor for detecting outdoor solar radiation value, and an outdoor wind speed Wind speed sensor, diversion net, sealing cover, outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor for detecting outdoor temperature, outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor for detecting outdoor temperature, water pump, wet curtain pool, return water tank, air duct, frequency conversion fan, ventilation Pipes, indoor dry bulb temperature sensors for detecting indoor temperature, indoor wet bulb temperature sensors for detecting indoor air temperature, plants, grid plates, roof windows, roof window motors, box-type wet curtains; grids are provided in the greenhouse The grid divides the greenhouse into upper and lower parts; plants are placed on the grid plate; the top window of the greenhouse is provided with a top window, which is opened and closed by the motor of the top window; the lower part of the greenhouse is provided with a number of ventilation pipes, ventilation pipes and wind One end of the duct is connected, there is a frequency conversion fan at the junction, a number
  • the material of the grid plate is glass fiber reinforced plastic or galvanized steel.
  • box wet curtain is a box body composed of four identical wet curtain blocks.
  • the middle cavity of the box body is an air duct, the air inlet is surrounded on all sides, the upper part is provided with a sealing cover, and the box wet curtain air outlet is located Between wet curtain box and wet curtain pool.
  • the mesh of the diversion net is a diamond-shaped structure, and the length of the mesh is 5 mm to 15 mm; the diversion net is made of synthetic fiber mesh wire, and the diameter of the synthetic fiber mesh wire is 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm.
  • the return water trough has a large cornice structure, and the width of the cornice is 20 mm to 50 mm.
  • the linear distance between the center position of the ground of the box-type wet curtain and the air inlet at the bottom of the greenhouse is 2-6 meters.
  • the radiation sensor and the wind speed sensor are fixed directly above the greenhouse gutter; the indoor dry bulb temperature sensor and the indoor wet bulb temperature sensor are disposed in the center of the greenhouse; the outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor and the outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor Set on the outer edge of the sealing cover.
  • air inlet vent nets are provided at the air inlets around the box-type wet curtain.
  • top window outer cover is covered with a top window insect screen.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for the above-mentioned scientific research greenhouse wet curtain cooling device, characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
  • Step a is first set in the variable frequency controller fan start temperature threshold value T f, the pump start temperature threshold value T b, energy efficiency of pump start threshold T h; real-time controller to receive radiation sensors, wind speed sensors, indoor dry bulb Information transmitted by temperature sensor, indoor wet bulb temperature sensor, outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor, outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor;
  • Step 2 The information detected by the outdoor dry-bulb temperature sensor, wind speed sensor and radiation sensor is transmitted to the controller. According to the received outdoor air temperature, radiation intensity, wind speed and indoor air temperature, and the natural ventilation condition of the window, Calculate the indoor expected temperature, the indoor expected temperature T q is calculated as follows:
  • T q T o + T r + T w + T v + T s
  • T O k 1 ⁇ (t 1 -t 0 )
  • T r k 2 ⁇ (r 1 -r 0 )
  • T q is the expected indoor air temperature
  • T S is the set standard temperature
  • T o is the effect of outdoor temperature on indoor temperature
  • T r is the effect of solar radiation intensity on indoor temperature
  • T w is the outdoor wind speed on indoor
  • T v is the influence of the natural window ratio of the greenhouse on the indoor temperature
  • k 1 is the calculation coefficient of the influence of the outdoor temperature on the indoor temperature
  • t 1 is the current outdoor temperature
  • t 0 is the specified outdoor temperature reference value
  • K 2 is the influence coefficient for calculating the indoor temperature influence value of the solar radiation intensity
  • r 1 is the current outdoor radiation strength
  • r 0 is the specified outdoor radiation intensity reference value
  • k 3 is the influence coefficient for calculating the outdoor wind speed indoor temperature influence value
  • s 0 is the specified outdoor wind speed reference value
  • k 4 is the calculation coefficient of the influence coefficient of the greenhouse window opening ratio on the indoor temperature
  • v is the current greenhouse window opening ratio
  • the controller controls the opening of the top window and the inverter fan starts to work; otherwise, the controller controls the top window to stop working;
  • Step 3 When the controller controls the inverter fan to start working, PID control is used for the inverter fan to adjust the speed of the inverter fan and adjust the greenhouse ventilation;
  • t(n) is the target temperature for indoor cooling
  • t 3 (n) is the actual feedback air temperature measured by the current indoor dry-bulb temperature sensor
  • the output frequency f(x) of the inverter of the inverter fan consists of t(n) and t 3 (n) Decide that if t 3 (n) ⁇ t(n), the output frequency f(x) of the inverter will increase and the speed of the inverter fan will increase until the indoor dry bulb temperature sensor actually measures the temperature t 3 (n ) Is equal to the set indoor target temperature t(n); conversely, if t 3 (n) ⁇ t(n), the output frequency f(x) of the inverter decreases and the speed of the fan decreases until the indoor dry
  • the actual temperature t 3 (n) measured by the ball temperature sensor is equal to the set indoor target temperature t(n);
  • Step 4 Indoor dry bulb temperature sensor, indoor wet bulb temperature sensor, outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor, outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor perform signal detection every m minutes, and the detected signal is transmitted to the controller.
  • the signal to control the start and stop of the pump is calculated as follows:
  • P is the pump start and stop status, 1 is on, 0 is stop;
  • t 4 (n) is the temperature value detected by the indoor wet bulb temperature sensor;
  • t 3 (n) is the temperature detected by the indoor dry bulb temperature sensor Value;
  • t 2 (n) is the temperature value detected by the outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor;
  • t 1 (n) is the temperature value detected by the outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor;
  • t(n) is the set target temperature for cooling the greenhouse;
  • t q (n) is the current expected greenhouse temperature calculated by the controller based on outdoor weather factors;
  • T b is the temperature threshold for setting the temperature of the pump to start cooling;
  • T h is the energy consumption benefit threshold for setting the pump operation;
  • the controller controls the start or stop of the inverter fan in the device, the start and stop of the water pump, the opening and closing of the top window, and adjusts the ventilation of the inverter fan according to the new air volume calculated outdoors, thereby adjusting the inside of the greenhouse
  • the temperature and humidity make the indoor temperature and humidity meet the set requirements.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: through the box-like design of the wet curtain, the separate arrangement of the wet curtain and the greenhouse is facilitated. Through the separate arrangement of the wet curtain and the greenhouse, the influence of the wet curtain on the shading of the greenhouse is solved.
  • the upper and lower spaces of the greenhouse are separated by a grid plate, and a ventilation pipe and a frequency conversion fan are provided at the lower part, which eliminates the effect of the cooling device of the traditional wet curtain fan and the fan on the greenhouse shading.
  • the positive pressure air supply design at the bottom improves The effective area of the greenhouse is reduced, and the inhalation of greenhouse crop pathogens and insect sources from the gaps in the greenhouse windows, doors and glass is reduced.
  • the air inlet is set at the bottom of the greenhouse, and the air outlet is set at the top, which effectively uses the natural convection of hot and cold air in the up and down convection.
  • the natural air lifting force improves the ventilation efficiency and reduces the energy consumption for cooling.
  • the facade of the wet curtain is covered with a diversion net, and the wet curtain sink is designed with a large cornice, which effectively prevents the wet curtain from dripping and leaking.
  • the feedforward PID control is adopted.
  • the controller calculates the expected temperature in the greenhouse for feedforward based on the outdoor dry bulb temperature and the influence of radiant intensity, wind speed and window ratio on the indoor temperature, and accurately judges the natural ventilation cooling and
  • the timely conversion between the cooling of the wet curtain fan improves the accuracy of temperature control and the stability of equipment operation.
  • the fan adopts frequency conversion control to adjust the amount of fresh air entering the greenhouse to achieve the purpose of accurately regulating the indoor temperature of the greenhouse, avoiding the disadvantages of the traditional fan starting and stopping and the drastic temperature change in the greenhouse.
  • the cooling efficiency of the wet curtain water pump operation is measured, and the energy efficiency of the wet curtain water pump operation is improved according to the threshold setting.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of the wet curtain of the present invention.
  • a scientific research greenhouse wet curtain cooling device is used to cool the greenhouse 1, the cooling device includes a radiation sensor 2 for detecting outdoor solar radiation value, a wind speed sensor 3 for outdoor wind speed, Diversion net 4, sprinkler pipe 5, sealing cover 6, outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor 7 for detecting outdoor temperature, outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor 8 for detecting outdoor air temperature, wet curtain block 9, air inlet vent net 10 , Water supply pipe 11, water pump 12, wet curtain pool 13, drain pipe 14, return water tank 15, air duct 16, inverter fan 17, ventilation pipe 18, air outlet 19, indoor dry bulb temperature sensor 20 for detecting indoor temperature, An indoor wet bulb temperature sensor 21 for detecting indoor air temperature, a beam 22, a column 23, a plant 24, a grid plate 25, a top window 26, a top window motor 27, a top window insect screen 28, and a box-type wet curtain.
  • the greenhouse 1 has a plurality of uprights 23 and a plurality of beams 22, a grid plate 25 is placed above the beam 22, the greenhouse 1 is divided into upper and lower parts, and plants 24 are placed on the grid plate 25 for testing.
  • the top window 26 is provided on the top of the greenhouse 1, and the top window 26 is driven by the top window motor 27 to open and close the top window 26 (this connection method for controlling opening and closing is a conventional method, and the top window 26 can be directly driven by the top window motor 27
  • the rotation axis of the rotation can also be connected to transmit power to the top window 26), the top window 26 is covered with a top window insect screen 28.
  • the lower part of the greenhouse 1 is provided with a number of ventilation pipes 18, which are connected to one end of the air duct 16, and a variable frequency fan 17 is provided at the junction, and the air duct 18 is provided with a number of air outlets 19, the air duct
  • the other end of 16 is connected to the air outlet of the box-type wet curtain.
  • the box-type wet curtain is composed of four identical wet-curtain blocks 9.
  • the box-type wet curtain is surrounded by an air inlet, and an air-insect screen 10 is provided at the air inlet.
  • a water spray pipe 5 is provided on the wet curtain block 9, the water spray pipe 5 is connected to the water supply pipe 11, the water supply pipe 11 is connected to the water pump 12, and the water pump 12 is placed At the bottom of the wet curtain pool 13.
  • a return water tank 15 is provided below the wet curtain block 9, and a drain pipe 14 is provided at the lower end of the return water tank 15, and the drain pipe 14 is connected to the wet curtain pool 13.
  • a sealing cover 6 is provided at the top of the box-type wet curtain, and an outdoor weather box is provided at the outer edge of the sealing cover 6, and an outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor 7 and an outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor 8 are arranged in the outdoor weather box.
  • a radiation sensor 2 and a wind speed sensor 3 are provided at the gutter outside the greenhouse 1.
  • An indoor meteorological box is provided in the center of the greenhouse 1, and an indoor dry bulb temperature sensor 20 and an indoor wet bulb temperature sensor 21 are arranged in the indoor meteorological box.
  • the radiation sensor 2, the wind speed sensor 3, the indoor dry bulb temperature sensor 20, the indoor wet bulb temperature sensor 21, the outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor 8, the outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor, the water pump 12, the inverter fan 17 and the top window motor 27 are all
  • the controller is connected.
  • the controller may use the ZJU-AES-09 model of Zhejiang University, but it is not limited to this.
  • the material of the grid plate 25 can be selected from glass fiber reinforced plastic or galvanized steel.
  • the shape of the grid is generally rectangular, and the size can be 25mm*25mm to 60mm*60mm, preferably 38mm*38mm, and the thickness of the grid plate 25 is 25mm-50mm. It is preferably 38 mm.
  • the box-type wet curtain is arranged at a certain distance from the greenhouse 1, and is connected to the bottom of the greenhouse 1 away from the grid plate 25 through the air duct 16.
  • the linear distance between the center position of the ground of the box-type wet curtain and the air inlet at the bottom of the greenhouse 1 is 2 to 6 meters, preferably 4 meters. .
  • the box-type wet curtain adopts a box-type design.
  • the box body is composed of four identical wet curtain blocks 9, the middle cavity of the box body is an air duct 16, and the air intake is surrounded on all sides.
  • the upper part is provided with a sealing cover 6, and the wet curtain air outlet 19 is located between the wet curtain box body and the wet curtain pool 13.
  • the mesh of the diversion net 4 is a diamond-shaped structure, and the length of the mesh is 5 mm to 15 mm, preferably 10 mm.
  • the diversion net 4 can be made of synthetic fiber mesh wire, and the diameter of the synthetic fiber mesh wire is 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, preferably 0.3 mm.
  • the lower end of the box-type wet curtain is provided with a water tank.
  • the water tank is designed with a large cornice, and the width of the cornice is 20 mm to 50 mm, preferably 35 mm.
  • the feedforward PID control is adopted.
  • the controller calculates the expected temperature in the greenhouse for feedforward based on the outdoor dry bulb air temperature, radiation intensity, wind speed and window ratio to the indoor temperature. Accurately judge the timely transition between natural ventilation cooling and wet curtain fan cooling to improve the accuracy of indoor temperature control and the stability of equipment operation.
  • the fan adopts frequency conversion control and adjusts the amount of fresh air entering the greenhouse 1 through PID control to achieve the purpose of accurately regulating the indoor temperature of the greenhouse 1 to avoid the disadvantages of the traditional fan starting and stopping and the temperature change in the greenhouse 1.
  • the cooling efficiency of the water pump 12 is measured, and the operation of the water pump 12 is started and stopped according to the setting of the threshold to improve the water pump 12 operation Energy efficiency.
  • Step 1 First set the threshold T f for cooling the indoor start fan, the temperature threshold T b for starting the wet curtain water pump 12, and the energy consumption efficiency threshold T h for starting the wet curtain water pump 12 on the controller; the controller receives the outdoor radiation sensor in real time 2. Information transmitted by the wind speed sensor 3, the indoor dry bulb temperature sensor 20, the indoor wet bulb temperature sensor 21, the outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor 7, and the outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor 8.
  • Step 2 The information detected by the outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor 7, the wind speed sensor 3, and the radiation sensor 2 is transmitted to the controller. According to the received outdoor air temperature, radiation intensity, and the influence of wind speed on the indoor temperature, the window is opened for natural ventilation In this case, the indoor expected temperature is calculated, and the indoor expected temperature T q is calculated as follows:
  • T q T o + T r + T w + T v + T s
  • T O k 1 ⁇ (t 1 -t 0 )
  • T r k 2 ⁇ (r 1 -r 0 )
  • T q is the expected indoor air temperature
  • T S is the set standard temperature
  • T o is the effect of outdoor temperature on indoor temperature
  • T r is the effect of solar radiation intensity on indoor temperature
  • T w is the outdoor wind speed on indoor
  • T v is the influence of the natural window ratio of greenhouse 1 on the indoor temperature
  • k 1 is the calculation coefficient of the influence of the outdoor temperature on the indoor temperature
  • t 1 is the current outdoor temperature
  • t 0 is the specified outdoor temperature reference Value
  • k 2 is the influence coefficient for calculating the indoor temperature influence value of solar radiation intensity
  • r 1 is the current outdoor radiation intensity
  • r 0 is the specified outdoor radiation intensity reference value
  • k 3 is the influence coefficient for calculating the outdoor wind speed indoor temperature influence value
  • s is the current outdoor wind speed
  • s 0 is the specified outdoor wind speed reference value
  • k 4 is the calculation coefficient of the influence factor of the greenhouse 1 window ratio on the indoor temperature
  • v is the current greenhouse 1 window ratio
  • the controller controls the top window motor 27 to turn on, and the frequency conversion fan 17 starts to work; otherwise, the controller controls the top window motor 27 to stop working.
  • Step 3 When the controller controls the inverter fan 17 to start working, the PID fan is used to adjust the rotation speed of the inverter fan 17 to adjust the ventilation rate of the greenhouse 1 for the inverter fan.
  • t(n) is the target temperature for indoor cooling
  • t 3 (n) is the feedback air temperature actually measured by the current indoor dry bulb temperature sensor 20
  • the output frequency f(x) of the inverter of the inverter fan consists of t(n) and t 3 (n) Decide. If t 3 (n) ⁇ t(n), the output frequency f(x) of the inverter increases and the speed of the inverter fan 17 increases until the indoor dry bulb temperature sensor 20 actually measures the temperature t 3 (n) and the setting Until the fixed indoor target temperature t(n) is equal.
  • Step 4 Indoor dry-bulb temperature sensor 20, indoor wet-bulb temperature sensor 21, outdoor dry-bulb temperature sensor 7 and outdoor wet-bulb temperature sensor 8 perform signal detection every m minutes.
  • the value of m is 1-10, preferably 5
  • the detected signal is transmitted to the controller, and the controller controls the start and stop of the wet curtain water pump 12 according to the detected signal, and the calculation is as follows:
  • P is the starting and stopping state of the water pump 12, 1 is on, 0 is off; t 4 (n) is the temperature value detected by the indoor wet bulb temperature sensor 21; t 3 (n) is the indoor dry bulb temperature sensor 20 detecting T 2 (n) is the temperature value detected by the outdoor wet bulb temperature sensor 8; t 1 (n) is the temperature value detected by the outdoor dry bulb temperature sensor 7; t(n) is the set current Greenhouse 1 cooling target temperature; t q (n) is the current expected temperature of greenhouse 1 calculated by the controller according to outdoor weather factors; T b is the temperature threshold for setting the temperature of the wet curtain pump to start cooling; T h is the setting of the wet curtain pump Start the threshold of energy efficiency.
  • the controller controls the start or stop of the fan in the device, the start and stop of the water pump 12, the opening and closing of the top window 26, and adjusts the ventilation volume of the inverter fan according to the fresh air volume of the outdoor air inlet, thereby adjusting the greenhouse 1.
  • the temperature and humidity in 1 make the indoor air temperature and humidity meet the set requirements.
  • the wet curtain of the device adopts a box design and is arranged at a certain distance from the greenhouse 1, and is connected to the bottom of the greenhouse 1 separated by the grid plate 25 through the air duct 16, and the ventilation pipe 18 and the frequency conversion fan are arranged at the bottom of the greenhouse 1.
  • the external dry hot air becomes wet and cold air after cooling through the wet curtain.
  • the positive pressure enters the scientific research greenhouse 1, and passes through the vent pipe 18, the air outlet and the grid
  • the board 25 the test area of the scientific research greenhouse 1 is cooled, and after the cooling is completed, it becomes hot air and is discharged outside through the top window 26 of the scientific research greenhouse 1.
  • the box design of the wet curtain facilitates the separate arrangement of the wet curtain and the greenhouse 1.
  • the upper and lower spaces of the greenhouse 1 are separated by a grid plate 25, and a ventilation pipe 18 and a frequency conversion fan 17 are provided at the lower part, eliminating the effect of the cooling device of the traditional wet curtain fan, the fan affects the shading of the greenhouse 1, and at the same time, the bottom positive pressure
  • the air supply design improves the effective use area of greenhouse 1, and reduces the inhalation of greenhouse pathogens and insect sources from the gaps of windows, doors, and glass in greenhouse 1.
  • An air inlet is provided at the bottom of the greenhouse 1, and an air outlet is provided at the top, which effectively utilizes the natural convection of hot and cold air in the up-and-down convection.
  • the natural air's lifting force improves the ventilation efficiency and reduces the energy consumption for cooling.
  • the wet curtain façade is covered with diversion nets 4.
  • the wet curtain sink is designed with a large cornice to effectively prevent the wet curtain from dripping and leaking.
  • the feed-forward PID control is adopted, and the controller calculates the expected temperature in the greenhouse 1 for feed-forward according to the outdoor dry bulb temperature and the influence of the radiation intensity, wind speed and window ratio on the indoor temperature, and accurately judges the natural ventilation cooling
  • the timely conversion between the cooling of the wet curtain fan improves the accuracy of temperature control and the stability of equipment operation.
  • the fan adopts frequency conversion control to adjust the amount of fresh air entering the greenhouse 1, to achieve the purpose of accurately regulating the indoor temperature of the greenhouse 1, to avoid the disadvantages of the traditional fan starting and stopping, and the temperature in the greenhouse 1 changing drastically.
  • the scientific research greenhouse wet curtain cooling device can be widely used in scientific research greenhouses and small-scale test greenhouses with high environmental control precision, good cooling and pest control effects.

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Abstract

一种科研温室湿帘降温装置及控制方法，该装置湿帘采用箱式设计，风道（16）与温室（1）底部连接，温室内设置栅格板（25），将温室（1）分为上下两部分，箱式湿帘立面覆盖导流网（4）、湿帘下方设置回水槽（15），回水槽（15）采用大檐口设计，有效防止湿帘滴落漏水。采用前馈式PID控制，通过室内温度的预期前馈，提高自然通风降温与湿帘风机降温转换的准确性与设备运行的稳定性。装置启动后，风机（17）采用变频控制，调节进入温室（1）的新风量，达到精确调控室内温度的目的，底部正压式的送风设计，提高了温室的有效使用面积，并减少了温室作物病原、虫源的进入。

Description

一种科研温室湿帘降温装置及控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及温室降温技术领域，尤其涉及一种科研温室湿帘降温装置及控制方法。
背景技术
科研温室一般分区数较多，单个分区的的面积较小，各分区彼此相邻或通过连廊连接，且科研温室配置的设备较多。因此，科研温室在温室结构的设计与设备的空间布局上存在着较多的困难。传统温室的湿帘与风机分别安装在温室的相对的两侧，通过风机排风，温室内形成负压，使得室外的干热空气通过湿帘，湿帘水气化吸热，进行降温，这种风机湿帘降温方式对于面积较大、设备配置较少的生产性温室较为适用，但对于面积小、环境控制要求高的科研温室存在较多问题。传统的风机湿帘的降温方式，往往因为湿帘与风机的遮阳导致温室内风机与湿帘侧采光不足，在温室面积较大的情况下，这种局部的影响相对于整个温室的影响较小；而当科研温室单个分区面积较小的情况下，湿帘与风机的遮阳对整个温室的采光的影响就变得十分严重。同时，在面积较小的情况下，还要设置出入口、通道等必须空间，往往造成湿帘进风口面积不够、科研温室内温度分布不均等问题，导致科研温室的降温效果不佳。传统的负压式风机湿帘降温装置，还容易造成温室内作物病原、虫源通过窗户、门和玻璃间的缝隙吸入。在湿帘结构设计上，传统湿帘因为侧面平整度等因素，造成湿帘滴落漏水，引起温室内蓝藻、有害菌等繁殖，影响温室的正常运行。
在湿帘风机装置的控制上，风机湿帘装置的启动与自然通风之间的转换判断不准确，传统的湿帘只是根据室内温度进行开启或停止控制，没有考虑实际的降温效果与能耗效率；风机的控制上，采用简单的开启与停止的控制，不能获得适宜的降温通风量，并造成室内温度变幅过大，空气流动骤起与骤停，使得温室内环境的稳态性较差，影响了温室内作物的正常生长。另外，频繁的设备启动与停止，也会影响设备的正常运行与使用寿命，以及设备配电与供电。
发明内容
为了克服现有科研温室湿帘降温装置的不足，本发明提供了一种适用于科研温室的风机湿帘降温装置及控制方法，该科研温室湿帘降温装置可广泛应用于对环境控制精度高、降温与防病虫害效果好的科研温室、小型试验温室。
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，用于给温室进行降温，该降温装置包括用于检测室外太阳辐射值的辐射传感器、用于室外风速的 风速传感器、导流网、密封盖、用于检测室外温度的室外干球温度传感器、用于检测室外气温的室外湿球温度传感器、水泵、湿帘池、回水槽、风道、变频风机、通风管、用于检测室内温度的室内干球温度传感器、用于检测室内气温的室内湿球温度传感器、植物、栅格板、顶窗、顶窗电机、箱式湿帘；所述温室内设置栅格板，将温室分为上下两个部分；栅格板上放置植物；温室顶部设有顶窗，顶窗由顶窗电机驱动开闭；所述温室下部设有若干通风管，通风管与风道的一端相接，相接处设有变频风机，所述通风管上设有若干出风口，风道的另一端与箱式湿帘的出风口相接；所述箱式湿帘的内外两侧覆有导流网；所述箱式湿帘下方设有回水槽，回水槽与湿帘池相连通，水泵放置于湿帘池；水泵抽取湿帘池中的水，将水注入导流网；所述箱式湿帘顶端设有密封盖，所述辐射传感器、风速传感器、室内干球温度传感器、室内湿球温度传感器、室外干球温度传感器、室外湿球温度传感器、水泵、变频风机和顶窗电机均与控制器相连。
进一步的，所述栅格板材质选择玻璃钢或镀锌钢。
进一步的，所述箱式湿帘由四块相同的湿帘块组合而成的箱体，箱体中间空腔为风道，四周为进风口，上部设密封盖，箱式湿帘出风口位于湿帘箱体和湿帘池之间。
进一步的，所述导流网的网目为菱形结构，网目的长度为5mm～15mm；导流网由合成纤维网线编制而成，合成纤维网线直径在0.1mm～0.6mm。
进一步的，所述回水槽为大檐口结构，檐口的宽度为20mm～50mm。
进一步的，所述箱式湿帘的地面中心位置与温室底部进风口的直线距离为2～6米。
进一步的，所述辐射传感器和风速传感器固定在温室天沟正上方；所述室内干球温度传感器和室内湿球温度传感器设置在温室的中央；所述室外干球温度传感器和室外湿球温度传感器设置在密封盖的外缘。
进一步的，所述箱式湿帘的四周的进风口处设有进风口防虫网。
进一步的，所述顶窗外罩有顶窗防虫网。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述一种科研温室湿帘降温装置的控制方法，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一、首先在控制器上设定变频风机启动的温度阈值T f、水泵启动的温度阈值T b、水泵启动的能耗效率阈值T h；控制器实时接收辐射传感器、风速传感器、室内干球温度传感器、室内湿球温度传感器、室外干球温度传感器、室外湿球温度传感器传递来的信息；
步骤二、室外干球温度传感器、风速传感器以及辐射传感器检测到的信息传递给控制器，控制器根据接收到的室外气温、辐射强度、风速对室内温度的影响值和开窗自然通风情况下， 计算室内期望气温，室内期望气温T q计算如下：
T q＝T o+T r+T w+T v+T s
T O＝k 1×(t 1-t 0)
T r＝k 2×(r 1-r 0)
T w＝k 3×(s-s 0)
T v＝k 4×(v-v 0)
式中T q为室内期望气温；T S为设定的标准温度；T o为室外温度对室内温度的影响值；T r为太阳辐射强度对室内温度的影响值；T w为室外风速对室内温度的影响值；T v为温室自然开窗比对室内温度的影响；k 1为计算室外温度对室内温度影响值的影响系数，t 1为当前室外温度，t 0为指定的室外温度参考值，k 2为计算太阳辐射强度室内温度影响值的影响系数，r 1为当前室外辐射强度，r 0为指定的室外辐射强度参考值；k 3为计算室外风速室内温度影响值的影响系数，s为当前室外风速，s 0为指定的室外风速参考值；k 4为计算温室开窗比对室内温度的影响值的影响系数，v为当前温室开窗比，v 0为指定的温室开窗比参考值；
如果室内当前期望气温t q(n)与设定的室内降温目标温度t(n)的差高于风机启动的温度阈值T f，即(t q(n)-t(n))≥T f，控制器控制顶窗开启，变频风机启动工作；反之，控制器控制顶窗停止工作；
步骤三、当控制器控制变频风机启动工作时，对于变频风机利用PID控制调节变频风机转速，调节温室通风量；
t(n)为室内降温的目标温度，t 3(n)为用当前室内干球温度传感器实际测得的反馈气温，变频风机的变频器输出频率f(x)由t(n)和t 3(n)决定，若t 3(n)≥t(n)，则变频器的输出频率f(x)增大，变频风机的转速增加，直至室内干球温度传感器实际测得气温t 3(n)与设定的室内目标温度t(n)相等为止；反之，若t 3(n)<t(n)，则变频器的输出频率f(x)减小，风机的转速降低，直至室内干球温度传感器实际测得气温t 3(n)与设定的室内目标温度t(n)相等为止；
步骤四、室内干球温度传感器、室内湿球温度传感器、室外干球温度传感器、室外湿球温度传感器每隔m分钟进行一次信号检测，检测到的信号传递给控制器，控制器根据检测到的信号，控制水泵启动与停止，计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2019099154-appb-000001
式中P为水泵启动与停止状态，1为开启，0为停止；t 4(n)为室内湿球温度传感器检测到的温度值；t 3(n)为室内干球温度传感器检测到的温度值；t 2(n)为室外湿球温度传感器检测到的温度值；t 1(n)为室外干球温度传感器检测到的温度值；t(n)为设定的温室降温目标温度；t q(n)为控制器根据室外气象因子计算出的当前温室期望温度；T b为设定水泵启动降温的温度阈值；T h为设定水泵运行的能耗效益阈值；
通过步骤一至步骤四，控制器控制装置中变频风机的启动或停止、水泵的启动与停止、顶窗的开启与关闭，并根据室外计算出的新风量调节变频风机的通风量，从而调节温室内的温度、湿度，使室内气温、湿度达到设置的要求。
本发明的有益效果是：通过湿帘的箱式设计，便利了湿帘与温室的分开布置。通过湿帘与温室的分开布置，解决了的湿帘对温室的遮阳影响。通过栅格板将温室上、下空间隔离，并在下部设置通风管与变频风机，消除了传统湿帘风机降温装置，风机对温室遮光的影响，同时，通过底部正压式送风设计，提高了温室的有效使用面积，并减少了温室作物病原、虫源从温室窗户、门和玻璃等缝隙的吸入。在温室的底部设置进风口，顶部设置出风口，有效利用冷、热空气上下对流中，热空气的自然升力，提高通风效率，减少了降温能耗。湿帘立面覆盖导流网、湿帘水槽采用大檐口设计，有效防止湿帘滴落漏水。
在控制方法上，采用前馈式PID控制，控制器根据室外干球气温以及辐射强度、风速和开窗比对室内温度的影响值，计算温室内预期温度进行前馈，准确判断自然通风降温与湿帘风机降温之间的适时转换，提高了温度控制的精确性与设备运行的稳定性。在装置启动运行后，风机采用变频控制，调节进入温室的新风量，达到精确调控温室室内温度的目的，避免传统风机启动与停止，温室内温度剧烈变化的弊端。通过温室外干、湿球温度的差值与温室 内干、湿球温度的差值的比较，衡量湿帘水泵运行的降温效率，并根据阈值的设定，提高湿帘水泵运行的能源效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明的原理图；
图2是本发明降温模式的侧面图；
图3是本发明湿帘的结构图；
图4是本发明湿帘的剖面图图；
图中，温室1、辐射传感器2、风速传感器3、导流网4、喷水管5、密封盖6、室外干球温度传感器7、室外湿球温度传感器8、湿帘块9、进风口防虫网10、供水管11、水泵12、湿帘池13、排水管14、回水槽15、风道16、变频风机17、通风管18、出风口19、室内干球温度传感器20、室内湿球温度传感器21、横梁22、立柱23、植物24、栅格板25、顶窗26、顶窗电机27、顶窗防虫网28。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步的说明；
如图1-2所示，一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，用于给温室1进行降温，该降温装置包括用于检测室外太阳辐射值的辐射传感器2、用于室外风速的风速传感器3、导流网4、喷水管5、密封盖6、用于检测室外温度的室外干球温度传感器7、用于检测室外气温的室外湿球温度传感器8、湿帘块9、进风口防虫网10、供水管11、水泵12、湿帘池13、排水管14、回水槽15、风道16、变频风机17、通风管18、出风口19、用于检测室内温度的室内干球温度传感器20、用于检测室内气温的室内湿球温度传感器21、横梁22、立柱23、植物24、栅格板25、顶窗26、顶窗电机27、顶窗防虫网28、箱式湿帘。所述温室1有若干立柱23与若干横梁22，横梁22上方放置栅格板25，将温室1分为上下两个部分，栅格板25上放置植物24进行试验。所述温室1顶部设顶窗26，顶窗26由顶窗电机27驱动顶窗26的开合(这种控制开合的连接方式为常规的手段，可以通过顶窗电机27直接驱动顶窗26的旋转轴转动，亦可采用连接件将动力传递到顶窗26)，顶窗26外罩有顶窗防虫网28。所述温室1下部设有若干通风管18，通风管18与风道16的一端相接，相接处设有变频风机17，所述通风管18上设有若干出风口19，所述风道16的另一端与箱式湿帘的出风口相接。所述箱式湿帘由四块相同湿帘块9组合而成，箱式湿帘的四周为进风口，进风口处设有进风口防虫网10。所述湿帘块9内外两侧覆有导流网4，湿帘块9上面设有喷水管5，喷水管5与供水管11相连，供水管11与水泵12相接，水泵12放置于湿帘池13底部。所述湿帘块9下面设有回水槽15，回水槽15下端有排水管14，排水管14与湿帘池13相连接。 所述箱式湿帘顶端设有密封盖6，密封盖6的外缘处设有室外气象盒，室外气象盒内配置室外干球温度传感器7和室外湿球温度传感器8。所述温室1外天沟处设有辐射传感器2与风速传感器3。所述温室1内的中央设有室内气象盒，室内气象盒内配置有室内干球温度传感器20与室内湿球温度传感器21。所述辐射传感器2、风速传感器3、室内干球温度传感器20、室内湿球温度传感器21、室外湿球温度传感器8、室外湿球温度传感器、水泵12、变频风机17和顶窗电机27均与控制器相连。所述控制器可以采用浙江大学ZJU-AES-09型号的产品，但不限于此。
进一步的，栅格板25材质可选择玻璃钢或镀锌钢，栅格的形状一般为矩形，大小规格可以25mm*25mm至60mm*60mm,优选38mm*38mm，栅格板25的厚度25mm～50mm，优选38mm。
进一步的，箱式湿帘布置于距离温室1一定距离的位置，通过风道16与栅格板25离的温室1底部连接。箱式湿帘的地面中心位置与温室1底部进风口的直线距离为2～6米，优选4米。。
如图3-4所示所述箱式湿帘采用箱式设计，由四块相同的湿帘块9组合而成的箱体，箱体中间空腔为风道16，四周为进风口。上部设密封盖6，湿帘出风口19位于湿帘箱体和湿帘池13之间。导流网4的网目为菱形结构，网目的长度为5mm～15mm,优选10mm，导流网4可由合成纤维网线编制而成，合成纤维网线直径在0.1mm～0.6mm，优选0.3mm。箱式湿帘的下端设水槽，水槽为大檐口设计，檐口的宽度为20mm～50mm,优选35mm。
在科研温室湿帘降温装置的控制上，采用前馈式PID控制，控制器根据室外干球气温、辐射强度、风速和开窗比对室内温度的影响值，计算温室内预期温度进行前馈，准确判断自然通风降温与湿帘风机降温之间的适时转换，提高室内温度控制的精确性与设备运行的稳定性。在装置启动运行后，风机采用变频控制，通过PID控制调节进入温室1的新风量，达到精确调控温室1室内温度的目的，避免传统风机启动与停止，温室1内温度剧烈变化的弊端。通过室外干、湿球温度的差值与室内干、湿球温度的差值的比较，衡量水泵12运行的降温效率，并根据阈值的设定，启动和停止水泵12的运行，提高水泵12运行的能源效率。
具体包括以下步骤：
步骤一、首先在控制器上设定室内启动风机降温的阈值T f、湿帘水泵12启动的温度阈值T b、湿帘水泵12启动的能耗效率阈值T h；控制器实时接收室外辐射传感器2、风速传感器3、室内干球温度传感器20、室内湿球温度传感器21、室外干球温度传感器7、室外湿球温度传感器8传递来的信息。
步骤二、室外干球温度传感器7、风速传感器3、辐射传感器2检测到的信息传递给控制器，控制器根据接收到的室外气温、辐射强度、风速对室内温度的影响值和开窗自然通风情况下， 计算室内期望气温，室内期望气温T q计算如下：
T q＝T o+T r+T w+T v+T s
T O＝k 1×(t 1-t 0)
T r＝k 2×(r 1-r 0)
T w＝k 3×(s-s 0)
T v＝k 4×(v-v 0)
式中T q为室内期望气温；T S为设定的标准温度；T o为室外温度对室内温度的影响值；T r为太阳辐射强度对室内温度的影响值；T w为室外风速对室内温度的影响值；T v为温室1自然开窗比对室内温度的影响；k 1为计算室外温度对室内温度影响值的影响系数，t 1为当前室外温度，t 0为指定的室外温度参考值，k 2为计算太阳辐射强度室内温度影响值的影响系数，r 1为当前室外辐射强度，r 0为指定的室外辐射强度参考值；k 3为计算室外风速室内温度影响值的影响系数，s为当前室外风速，s 0为指定的室外风速参考值；k 4为计算温室1开窗比对室内温度的影响值的影响系数，v为当前温室1开窗比，v 0为指定的温室1开窗比参考值。
如果室内当前期望气温t q(n)与设定的室内降温目标温度t(n)的差高于启动降温的温度阈值T f，即(t q(n)-t(n))≥T f，控制器控制顶窗电机27开启，变频风机17启动工作；反之，控制器控制顶窗电机27停止工作。
步骤三、当控制器控制变频风机17启动工作时，对于变频风机利用PID控制调节变频风机17的转速，调节温室1通风量。
t(n)为室内降温的目标温度，t 3(n)为用当前室内干球温度传感器20实际测得的反馈气温，变频风机的变频器输出频率f(x)由t(n)和t 3(n)决定。若t 3(n)≥t(n)，则变频器的输出频率f(x)增大，变频风机17的转速增加，直至室内干球温度传感器20实际测得气温t 3(n)与设定的室内目标温度t(n)相等为止。反之，若t 3(n)<t(n)，则变频器的输出频率f(x)减小，风机的转速降低，直至室内干球温度传感器20实际测得气温t 3(n)与设定的室内 目标温度t(n)相等为止。
步骤四、室内干球温度传感器20、室内湿球温度传感器21、室外干球温度传感器7、室外湿球温度传感器8每隔m分钟进行一次信号检测，m的取值为1～10，优选5，检测到的信号传递给控制器，控制器根据检测到的信号，控制湿帘水泵12启动与停止，计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2019099154-appb-000002
式中P为水泵12启动与停止状态，1为开启，0为关闭；t 4(n)为室内湿球温度传感器21检测到的温度值；t 3(n)为室内干球温度传感器20检测到的温度值；t 2(n)为室外湿球温度传感器8检测到的温度值；t 1(n)为室外干球温度传感器7检测到的温度值；t(n)为设定的当前温室1降温目标温度；t q(n)为控制器根据室外气象因子计算出的当前温室1的期望温度；T b为设定湿帘泵启动降温的温度阈值；T h为设定湿帘泵启动能耗效益阈值。
通过步骤一至步骤四，控制器控制装置中风机的启动或停止、水泵12的启动与停止、顶窗26的开启与关闭，并根据室外进风口的新风量调节变频风机的通风量，从而调节温室1内的温度、湿度，使室内气温、湿度达到设置的要求。
该装置湿帘采用箱式设计，并布置于距离温室1一定距离的位置，通过风道16与栅格板25隔离的温室1底部连接，温室1底部设置通风管18与变频风机。外界干热空气在变频风机的负压下，通过湿帘降温后变成湿冷空气，经过风道16与变频风机后，正压式进入科研温室1，并经通风管18、出风口与栅格板25后，对科研温室1试验区域进行降温，降温完成后变成热空气经科研温室1顶窗26排出室外。通过湿帘与温室1的分开布置，解决了箱式湿帘对温室1的遮阳影响。通过湿帘的箱式设计，便利了湿帘与温室1的分开布置。通过栅格板25将温室1上、下空间隔离，并在下部设置通风管18与变频风机17，消除了传统湿帘风机降温装置，风机对温室1遮光的影响，同时，通过底部正压式送风设计，提高了温室1的有效使用面积，并减少了温室1作物病原、虫源从温室1窗户、门和玻璃等缝隙的吸入。在温室1的底部设置进风口，顶部设置出风口，有效利用冷、热空气上下对流中，热空气的自然 升力，提高通风效率，减少了降温能耗。湿帘立面覆盖导流网4、湿帘水槽采用大檐口设计，有效防止湿帘滴落漏水。
在控制方法上，采用前馈式PID控制，控制器根据室外干球气温以及辐射强度、风速和开窗比对室内温度的影响值，计算温室1内预期温度进行前馈，准确判断自然通风降温与湿帘风机降温之间的适时转换，提高了温度控制的精确性与设备运行的稳定性。在装置启动运行后，风机采用变频控制，调节进入温室1的新风量，达到精确调控温室1室内温度的目的，避免传统风机启动与停止，温室1内温度剧烈变化的弊端。通过温室外干、湿球温度的差值与温室内干、湿球温度的差值的比较，衡量湿帘水泵12运行的降温效率，并根据阈值的设定，提高湿帘水泵12运行的能源效率。该科研温室湿帘降温装置可广泛应用于对环境控制精度高、降温与防病虫害效果好的科研温室、小型试验温室。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，用于给温室进行降温，其特征在于，该降温装置包括用于检测室外太阳辐射值的辐射传感器、用于室外风速的风速传感器、导流网、密封盖、用于检测室外温度的室外干球温度传感器、用于检测室外气温的室外湿球温度传感器、水泵、湿帘池、回水槽、风道、变频风机、通风管、用于检测室内温度的室内干球温度传感器、用于检测室内气温的室内湿球温度传感器、植物、栅格板、顶窗、顶窗电机、箱式湿帘；所述温室内设置栅格板，将温室分为上下两个部分；栅格板上放置植物；温室顶部设有顶窗，顶窗由顶窗电机驱动开闭；所述温室下部设有若干通风管，通风管与风道的一端相接，相接处设有变频风机，所述通风管上设有若干出风口，风道的另一端与箱式湿帘的出风口相接；所述箱式湿帘的内外两侧覆有导流网；所述箱式湿帘下方设有回水槽，回水槽与湿帘池相连通，水泵放置于湿帘池；水泵抽取湿帘池中的水，将水注入导流网；所述箱式湿帘顶端设有密封盖，所述辐射传感器、风速传感器、室内干球温度传感器、室内湿球温度传感器、室外干球温度传感器、室外湿球温度传感器、水泵、变频风机和顶窗电机均与控制器相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，其特征在于，所述栅格板材质选择玻璃钢或镀锌钢。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，其特征在于，所述箱式湿帘由四块相同的湿帘块组合而成的箱体，箱体中间空腔为风道，四周为进风口，上部设密封盖，箱式湿帘出风口位于湿帘箱体和湿帘池之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，其特征在于，所述导流网的网目为菱形结构，网目的长度为5mm～15mm；导流网由合成纤维网线编制而成，合成纤维网线直径在0.1mm～0.6mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，其特征在于，所述回水槽为大檐口结构，檐口的宽度为20mm～50mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，其特征在于，所述箱式湿帘的地面中心位置与温室底部进风口的直线距离为2～6米。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，其特征在于，所述辐射传感器和风速传感器固定在温室天沟正上方；所述室内干球温度传感器和室内湿球温度传感器设置在温室的中央；所述室外干球温度传感器和室外湿球温度传感器设置在密封盖的外缘。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，其特征在于，所述箱式湿帘的四周的进风口处设有进风口防虫网。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种科研温室湿帘降温装置，其特征在于，所述顶窗外罩有顶窗防虫网。
  10. 一种权利要求1-9任一项所述一种科研温室湿帘降温装置的控制方法，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：
    步骤一、首先在控制器上设定变频风机启动的温度阈值T f、水泵启动的温度阈值T b、水泵启动的能耗效率阈值T h；控制器实时接收辐射传感器、风速传感器、室内干球温度传感器、室内湿球温度传感器、室外干球温度传感器、室外湿球温度传感器传递来的信息；
    步骤二、室外干球温度传感器、风速传感器以及辐射传感器检测到的信息传递给控制器，控制器根据接收到的室外气温、辐射强度、风速对室内温度的影响值和开窗自然通风情况下，计算室内期望气温，室内期望气温T q计算如下：
    T q＝T o+T r+T w+T v+T s
    T O＝k 1×(t 1-t 0)
    T r＝k 2×(r 1-r 0)
    T w＝k 3×(s-s 0)
    T v＝k 4×(v-v 0)
    式中T q为室内期望气温；T S为设定的标准温度；T o为室外温度对室内温度的影响值；T r为太阳辐射强度对室内温度的影响值；T w为室外风速对室内温度的影响值；T v为温室自然开窗比对室内温度的影响；k 1为计算室外温度对室内温度影响值的影响系数，t 1为当前室外温度，t 0为指定的室外温度参考值，k 2为计算太阳辐射强度室内温度影响值的影响系数，r 1为当前室外辐射强度，r 0为指定的室外辐射强度参考值；k 3为计算室外风速室内温度影响值的影响系数，s为当前室外风速，s 0为指定的室外风速参考值；k 4为计算温室开窗比对室内温度的影响值的影响系数，v为当前温室开窗比，v 0为指定的温室开窗比参考值；
    如果室内当前期望气温t q(n)与设定的室内降温目标温度t(n)的差高于风机启动的温度阈值T f，即(t q(n)-t(n))≥T f，控制器控制顶窗开启，变频风机启动工作；反之，控制器控制顶窗停止工作；
    步骤三、当控制器控制变频风机启动工作时，对于变频风机利用PID控制调节变频风机转速，调节温室通风量；
    t(n)为室内降温的目标温度，t 3(n)为用当前室内干球温度传感器实际测得的反馈气温，变频风机的变频器输出频率f(x)由t(n)和t 3(n)决定，若t 3(n)≥t(n)，则变频器的输出频率f(x)增大，变频风机的转速增加，直至室内干球温度传感器实际测得气温t 3(n)与设定的室内目标温度t(n)相等为止；反之，若t 3(n)<t(n)，则变频器的输出频率f(x)减小，风机的转速降低，直至室内干球温度传感器实际测得气温t 3(n)与设定的室内目标温度t(n)相等为止；
    步骤四、室内干球温度传感器、室内湿球温度传感器、室外干球温度传感器、室外湿球温度传感器每隔m分钟进行一次信号检测，检测到的信号传递给控制器，控制器根据检测到的信号，控制水泵启动与停止，计算如下：
    Figure PCTCN2019099154-appb-100001
    式中P为水泵启动与停止状态，1为开启，0为停止；t 4(n)为室内湿球温度传感器检测到的温度值；t 3(n)为室内干球温度传感器检测到的温度值；t 2(n)为室外湿球温度传感器检测到的温度值；t 1(n)为室外干球温度传感器检测到的温度值；t(n)为设定的温室降温目标温度；t q(n)为控制器根据室外气象因子计算出的当前温室期望温度；T b为设定水泵启动降温的温度阈值；T h为设定水泵运行的能耗效益阈值；
    通过步骤一至步骤四，控制器控制装置中变频风机的启动或停止、水泵的启动与停止、顶窗的开启与关闭，并根据室外计算出的新风量调节变频风机的通风量，从而调节温室内的温度、湿度，使室内气温、湿度达到设置的要求。
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