WO2020143075A1 - 一种具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料 - Google Patents

一种具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料 Download PDF

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WO2020143075A1
WO2020143075A1 PCT/CN2019/072319 CN2019072319W WO2020143075A1 WO 2020143075 A1 WO2020143075 A1 WO 2020143075A1 CN 2019072319 W CN2019072319 W CN 2019072319W WO 2020143075 A1 WO2020143075 A1 WO 2020143075A1
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dimensional
coupling effect
metamaterial
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富明慧
胡玲玲
郑彬彬
钟荣昌
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means

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  • the invention relates to a novel three-dimensional multicellular metamaterial with local tension-torsion coupling effect.
  • Metamaterials refer to composite materials that have artificially designed structures and exhibit extraordinary physical properties that natural materials do not possess.
  • the most common metamaterials include negative Poisson's ratio materials and negative thermal expansion materials.
  • Negative Poisson's ratio materials and negative thermal expansion materials are materials whose Poisson's ratio or coefficient of thermal expansion is negative.
  • Lakes et al. first proposed a porous material with negative Poisson's ratio effect in science. After this, various forms of two-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio materials emerged endlessly, among which the most typical are concave hexagonal honeycomb and chiral honeycomb. These structures are obtained by mesoscopic cell wall bending or ligament winding. Realize the macroscopic negative Poisson's ratio effect.
  • Frenzel is equivalent to using the tensile-shear coupling effect of the four-ligament chiral honeycomb in 2017. Through space assembly, a new metamaterial with tensile and torsional coupling effect has been designed.
  • the tension-torsion coupling effect is a unique mechanical effect, which means that when the material is stretched or compressed in a certain direction, it will cause torsional deformation around that direction. This peculiar nature can be applied in many ways, such as the conversion of mechanical waves between longitudinal and rotary waves, and the conversion of micro-mechanical transmission methods.
  • Frenzel et al. found that the tension-torsion coupling effect of the material they designed had a significant dependence on the number of structural cells. When the number of cells increased, the tension-torsion coupling effect decreased rapidly.
  • the present invention was completed under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (funding number 11672338).
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new three-dimensional multicellular metamaterial with stronger local tension-torsion coupling effect.
  • a novel three-dimensional multi-cell metamaterial with local tension-torsion coupling effect is obtained from a three-dimensional structure of unit cells through a spatial array.
  • the three-dimensional structure of unit cells passes through a square ring of two identical four-ligament chiral honeycomb units above and below.
  • each group of straight rods There are four inclined straight rods connected to the vertex of each other ring, forming a group and forming a rotation direction, and the rotation direction formed by each group of straight rods is the same.
  • this structure is subjected to a load perpendicular to the chiral honeycomb unit, due to the deformation of the inclined straight rod, it will cause relative twisting between adjacent two layers of honeycomb units. Since the rotation direction of each set of inclined straight rods is the same, the direction of the torsion is also the same, so these torsions will be superimposed and transmitted in the direction perpendicular to the honeycomb unit, thereby causing the tension and torsion coupling effect of the entire structure.
  • the square ring of the four-ligament chiral honeycomb unit is replaced with a ring or a square plate or a disc.
  • the four-ligament chiral honeycomb unit can be replaced with a three-ligament chiral honeycomb unit, the corresponding ring is replaced with a triangular ring, and the number of inclined straight rods connected between layers is replaced with three.
  • the four-ligament chiral honeycomb unit is replaced with a six-ligament chiral honeycomb unit, the corresponding ring is replaced with a hexagonal ring, and the number of inclined straight rods connected between layers is replaced with six.
  • the four-ligament chiral honeycomb unit can be replaced with a square mesh unit.
  • the base material prepared by the three-dimensional structure may be metal, polymer material or other composite materials, and is not limited to ABS photosensitive resin.
  • the present invention designs a new type of metamaterial by adding a tilting rod in the middle of the chiral honeycomb panel.
  • the chiral honeycomb panel will be rotated due to the deformation of the inclined rod, thereby generating a tension-torsion coupling effect.
  • Experimental and numerical simulation analysis show that the material has a significant effect of tension and torsion coupling.
  • the tension-torsion coupling effect of the present invention is significantly larger than the existing structure, so it has more application prospects, and it is expected to have greater application prospects in longitudinal wave/rotational wave conversion and tension-torsion member design.
  • the diffusion capacity of the local tension-torsion coupling effect of the structure of the present invention will not decrease rapidly with the increase of the number of cells. When the number of cells in the section of the columnar specimen reaches 25 ⁇ 25, the specimen can still Maintain a great tension-torsion coupling effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional tension-twist structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the unit cell of the three-dimensional tension-twist structure of FIG. 1;
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present invention is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Example 6 is the experimental result of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Example 7 is a schematic structural view of Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 6 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • a novel three-dimensional multi-cell metamaterial with local tension-torsion coupling effect is obtained from a three-dimensional structure of unit cells through a spatial array.
  • the three-dimensional structure of unit cells is formed by chiral honeycomb in two identical four ligaments. By adding inclined straight rods between the square rings of the unit, in the three-dimensional structure of the unit cell (as shown in FIG.
  • the four-ligament chiral honeycomb unit can be replaced with a three-ligament chiral honeycomb unit (as shown in FIG. 3). Accordingly, the square ring is replaced with a triangular ring or a hexagonal ring, between layers The number of connected inclined straight rods is replaced by three.
  • two adjacent layers of identical tri-ligament chiral honeycomb units are arranged in parallel and equidistantly, and the triangular rings of the chiral honeycomb units are aligned along the centroid, and the inclined straight rods will align the adjacent two layers of triangles.
  • the vertices of the rings are connected two by two to form a three-dimensional space structure, in which three identical inclined straight rods of equal cross section are connected between each pair of triangular rings. These three straight rods form a group and form a rotation direction, and the rotation direction formed by each group of straight rods is exactly the same.
  • this structure is subjected to a load perpendicular to the chiral honeycomb unit, due to the deformation of the inclined straight rod, it will cause relative twisting between adjacent two layers of honeycomb units.
  • Example 1 the difference is that the four-ligament chiral honeycomb unit is replaced with a six-ligament chiral honeycomb unit (as shown in FIG. 4), the corresponding ring is replaced with a hexagonal ring, and the number of inclined straight rods connected between layers Replace with six.
  • the three-dimensional structure of the unit cell two adjacent layers of identical six-ligament chiral honeycomb units are arranged in parallel and equidistant, and the hexagonal rings of the chiral honeycomb units are aligned along the centroid.
  • the inclined straight rods align the two adjacent layers.
  • the vertices of the hexagonal rings are connected in pairs to form a three-dimensional space structure, in which six identical straight rods of equal cross section are connected between each pair of hexagonal rings.
  • the difference is that the four-ligament chiral honeycomb unit can be replaced with a square grid-like unit (see FIG. 5).
  • Example 1 the difference is that the square ring in the four-ligament chiral honeycomb unit is replaced by a ring (see FIG. 7).
  • Example 1 the difference is that the square ring in the four-ligament chiral honeycomb unit is filled with a solid interior (see FIG. 8).

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Abstract

一种具有拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，该材料由单胞三维结构通过空间阵列得到，通过在手性蜂窝板中间增加倾斜杆的方式，设计了一类新型超材料，该材料在受到垂直于手性蜂窝板的荷载时，会由于倾斜杆的变形带动手性蜂窝板旋转，进而产生拉扭耦合效应。实验和数值仿真分析均表明，该材料的拉扭耦合效应比现有拉扭耦合材料更显著，因而有望在纵波/旋转波转换、拉扭构件设计中拥有更大的应用前景。

Description

一种具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料 技术领域：
本发明涉及一种具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料。
背景技术：
超材料指的是具有人工设计的结构并呈现出天然材料所不具备的超常物理性质的复合材料。在力学相关领域，最常见的超材料包括负泊松比材料、负热膨胀材料等。负泊松比材料和负热膨胀材料即其泊松比或热膨胀系数为负值的材料。1987年，Lakes等在science上首次提出了一种具有负泊松比效应的孔隙材料。在此之后，各种形式的二维的负泊松比材料层出不穷，其中最为典型的有内凹六角形蜂窝和手性蜂窝等，这些结构都是通过细观上的胞壁弯曲或韧带缠绕来实现宏观上的负泊松比效应。近年来，随着3D打印技术的发展，以二维的负泊松比材料为基础，学者们扩展出了形式更为多样的三维负泊松比材料。此外，受到负泊松比材料实现机理的启发，学者们利用双材料梁又设计出了各类负热膨胀材料。
Frenzel等于2017年利用四韧带手性蜂窝的拉剪耦合效应，通过空间组装，设计出了一种具有拉扭耦合效应的新型超材料。拉扭耦合效应是一种独特的力学效应，它意味着材料在某个方向产生拉伸或压缩变形时，将引起绕该方向的扭转变形。这一奇特的性质可有多方面应用，如机械波在纵波和旋转波之间的转换，以及微型机械传动方式的转换等。Frenzel等发现他们设计的材料的拉扭耦合效应与结构胞元数具有显著依赖关系，在胞元数增多时拉扭耦合效应极速下降。随后，方岱宁等将各种类型的手性蜂窝围成圆筒状，设计出了一系列拉扭耦合材料，并进行了理论分析、数值仿真和实验研究。实验发现，这种空 心的圆筒状结构，受载荷时会由于局部屈曲而引发结构的失稳破坏。相对于负泊松比和负热膨胀结构而言，拉扭耦合材料的种类和研究都比较稀少，因此，拓展三维拉扭耦合材料的设计思路和研究方法，是一个迫切的问题。
发明内容：
本发明是在国家自然科学基金项目(资助号11672338)资助下完成的，本发明的目的是提供一种具有更强局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的：
一种具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，由单胞三维结构通过空间阵列得到，所述单胞三维结构通过在上下两个完全相同的四韧带手性蜂窝单元的方环之间增加倾斜的直杆实现，所述单胞三维结构中，相邻两层完全相同的四韧带手性蜂窝单元等距排列，且手性蜂窝单元方环沿形心对齐，倾斜的直杆将相邻两层对齐的方环顶点两两相连，从而形成一个三维空间结构，其中每对方环顶点连接的倾斜直杆个数与方环顶点个数相等。
每对方环顶点连接的倾斜直杆为4条，组成一组并形成一个旋转方向，每组直杆形成的旋转方向完全相同。这种结构在垂直于手性蜂窝单元的方向受到荷载时，由于倾斜直杆的变形，会令相邻两层蜂窝单元之间出现相对扭转。由于每组倾斜直杆的旋转方向相同，产生的扭转放方向也相同，因此这些扭转会在垂直于蜂窝单元的方向上叠加传递，进而使结构整体产生拉扭耦合效应。
所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元方环替换为圆环或方盘或圆盘。
所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元可替换为三韧带手性蜂窝单元，相应地方环替换为三角形环，层间连接的倾斜直杆数替换为三条。
所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元替换为六韧带手性蜂窝单元，相应地方环替换为六边形环，层间连接的倾斜直杆数替换为六条。
所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元可替换为方形网状单元。
三维结构制备的基底材料可以是金属、高分子材料或其它复合材料，不限于ABS光敏树脂。
本发明的有益效果如下：
1)本发明通过在手性蜂窝板中间增加倾斜杆的方式，设计了一类新型超材料。该材料在受到垂直于手性蜂窝板的荷载时，会由于倾斜杆的变形带动手性蜂窝板旋转，进而产生拉扭耦合效应。实验和数值仿真分析表明，该材料具有显著的拉扭耦合效应。
2)本发明的拉扭耦合效应显著大于目前已有的结构，因而更有应用前景，有望在纵波/旋转波转换、拉扭构件设计中拥有更大的应用前景。不同于现有的结构，本发明结构的局部拉扭耦合效应扩散能力不会随着胞元数的增多而极速下降，当柱状试件截面胞元数达到25×25时，该试件仍能保持很大的拉扭耦合效应。
附图说明：
图1是本发明的一个实施方式的三维拉扭结构的示意图；
图2是图1的三维拉扭结构的单胞三维结构示意图；
图3是本发明的实施例2的结构示意图；
图4是本发明的实施例3的结构示意图；
图5是本发明的实施例4的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例1的实验结果。
图7是本发明实施例5的结构示意图；
图8是本发明实施例6的结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
以下是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
如图1所示的一种具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，由单胞三维结构通过空间阵列得到，所述单胞三维结构通过在两个完全相同的四韧带手性蜂窝单元的方环之间增加倾斜的直杆实现，所述单胞三维结构(如图2)中，相邻两层完全相同的四韧带手性蜂窝单元平行等距排列，且手性蜂窝单元方环沿形心对齐，倾斜的直杆将相邻两层对齐的方环顶点两两相连，从而形成一个三维空间结构，其中每对方环之间连接四根完全相同的倾斜等截面直杆。这四根直杆组成一组并形成一个旋转方向，每组直杆形成的旋转方向完全相同。这种结构在垂直于手性蜂窝单元的方向受到荷载时，由于倾斜直杆的变形，会令相邻两层蜂窝单元之间出现相对扭转。由于每组倾斜直杆的旋转方向相同，产生的扭转方向也相同，因此这些扭转会在垂直于蜂窝单元的方向上叠加传递，进而使结构整体产生拉扭耦合效应。
使用3D打印技术制作了三个结构。使用的基底材料为ABS光敏树脂，其弹性模量Es＝2400MPa，泊松比为0.39。结构在x、y、z方向的胞元数n相同，均分别为n＝5,7,9。几何尺寸为：方环边长a＝10mm，韧带与方环的夹角为θ＝45°，方环与韧带的横截面均为正方形，厚度和宽度均为b＝1mm；上下两层蜂窝壁板的距离为h＝20mm，斜杆截面为圆形，直径为d＝1mm。用万能试验机进行了准静态实验，实验结果如图6(a)的所示。同时，我们 选取了n＝1，2，3…25共25个模型进行数值仿真，得到结果如图6(b)所示。由图6(a)可以看出，实验和有限元均可以观察到本材料的拉扭耦合效应。
实施例2：
参考实施例1，不同之处在于，所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元可替换为三韧带手性蜂窝单元(如图3)，相应地，方环替换为三角形环或六边形环，层间连接的倾斜直杆数替换为三条。所述单胞三维结构中，相邻两层完全相同的三韧带手性蜂窝单元平行等距排列，且手性蜂窝单元三角形环沿形心对齐，倾斜的直杆将相邻两层对齐的三角形环顶点两两相连，从而形成一个三维空间结构，其中每对三角形环之间连接三根完全相同的倾斜等截面直杆。这三根直杆组成一组并形成一个旋转方向，每组直杆形成的旋转方向完全相同。这种结构在垂直于手性蜂窝单元的方向受到荷载时，由于倾斜直杆的变形，会令相邻两层蜂窝单元之间出现相对扭转。由于每组倾斜直杆的旋转方向相同，产生的扭转方向也相同，因此这些扭转会在垂直于蜂窝单元的方向上叠加传递，进而使结构整体产生拉扭耦合效应。
实施例3：
参考实施例1，不同之处在于，所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元替换为六韧带手性蜂窝单元(如图4)，相应地方环替换为六边形环，层间连接的倾斜直杆数替换为六条。所述单胞三维结构中，相邻两层完全相同的六韧带手性蜂窝单元平行等距排列，且手性蜂窝单元六角形环沿形心对齐，倾斜的直杆将相邻两层对齐的六角形环顶点两两相连，从而形成一个三维空间结构，其中每对六角形环之间连接六根完全相同的倾斜等截面直杆。这六根直杆组成一组并形成一个旋转方向，每组直杆形成的旋转方向完全相同。这种结构在垂直于手性蜂窝单元的方向受到荷载时，由于倾斜直杆的变形，会令相邻两层蜂窝单元之间出现相对 扭转。由于每组倾斜直杆的旋转方向相同，产生的扭转方向也相同，因此这些扭转会在垂直于蜂窝单元的方向上叠加传递，进而使结构整体产生拉扭耦合效应。
实施例4：
参考实施例1，不同之处在于，所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元可替换为方形网格状单元(如图5)。
所述单胞三维结构中，相邻两层完全相同的方形网状单元平行等距排列，且方形网状单元方环沿形心对齐，倾斜的直杆将相邻两层对齐的方形环顶点两两相连，从而形成一个三维空间结构，其中每对方形环之间连接四根完全相同的倾斜等截面直杆。这四根直杆组成一组并形成一个旋转方向，每组直杆形成的旋转方向完全相同。这种结构在垂直于手性蜂窝单元的方向受到荷载时，由于倾斜直杆的变形，会令相邻两层方形网状单元之间出现相对扭转。由于每组倾斜直杆的旋转方向相同，产生的扭转方向也相同，因此这些扭转会在垂直于方形网状单元的方向上叠加传递，进而使结构整体产生拉扭耦合效应。
实施例5：
参考实施例1，不同之处在于，所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元中的方环被替代为圆环(如图7)。
实施例6：
参考实施例1，不同之处在于，所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元中的方环内部被填充为实心(如图8)。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，其特征在于，由单胞三维结构通过空间阵列得到，所述单胞三维结构通过在上下两个完全相同的四韧带手性蜂窝单元的方环之间增加倾斜的直杆实现，所述单胞三维结构中，相邻两层完全相同的四韧带手性蜂窝单元平行等距排列，且手性蜂窝单元的方环沿形心对齐，倾斜的直杆将相邻两层对齐的方环顶点两两相连，从而形成一个三维空间结构，其中每对方环顶点连接的倾斜直杆个数与方环顶点个数相等。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，其特征在于，所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元替换为三韧带手性蜂窝单元，相应地方环替换为三角形环，层间连接的倾斜直杆数替换为三条。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，其特征在于，所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元替换为六韧带手性蜂窝单元，相应地方环替换为六边形环，层间连接的倾斜直杆数替换为六条。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，其特征在于，所述四韧带手性蜂窝单元方环替换为圆环或方盘或圆盘。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，其特征在于，四韧带手性蜂窝单元替换为方形网格状单元。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，其特征在于，三维结构制备的基底材料为金属、高分子材料或其它复合材料。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料，其特征在于， 三维结构制备的基底材料为ABS光敏树脂。
  8. 权利要求1所述具有局部拉扭耦合效应的三维多胞新型超材料的应用，其特征在于，用于纵波/旋转波转换、拉扭构件设计中。
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