WO2020143066A1 - 一种地热开发系统及其施工方法 - Google Patents

一种地热开发系统及其施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020143066A1
WO2020143066A1 PCT/CN2019/071502 CN2019071502W WO2020143066A1 WO 2020143066 A1 WO2020143066 A1 WO 2020143066A1 CN 2019071502 W CN2019071502 W CN 2019071502W WO 2020143066 A1 WO2020143066 A1 WO 2020143066A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
diameter shaft
blasting
temperature
pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/071502
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐春安
赵坚
杨菊英
马天辉
王思敬
唐慕
Original Assignee
力软科技(美国)有限责任公司
大连理工大学
大连力震科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 力软科技(美国)有限责任公司, 大连理工大学, 大连力震科技有限公司 filed Critical 力软科技(美国)有限责任公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/071502 priority Critical patent/WO2020143066A1/zh
Priority to US17/040,897 priority patent/US20210010718A1/en
Publication of WO2020143066A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020143066A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
    • F24T10/13—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
    • F24T10/15—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using bent tubes; using tubes assembled with connectors or with return headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/20—Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/30—Geothermal collectors using underground reservoirs for accumulating working fluids or intermediate fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T2010/50—Component parts, details or accessories
    • F24T2010/53—Methods for installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of geothermal development, and particularly relates to a thermal mine development system and a construction method thereof.
  • enhanced geothermal energy can solve the current environmental pollution and energy shortage problems.
  • the enhanced geothermal system EGSEnhanced is used for mining geothermal energy Geothermal System, due to the use of drilling technology, the borehole diameter is small, and hydraulic fracturing is difficult, that is, the temperature of the rock mass is sufficient, but the rock mass does not have sufficient permeability and fluidity, resulting in the inability to generate enough thermal energy to generate electricity
  • enhanced Geothermal system EGSEnhanced Geothermal System is to artificially improve the permeability of rock mass, increase the output heat energy and increase the power generation.
  • this method has high development cost and is not economical, and the permeability and fluidity of the rock mass will gradually decrease, and the pipeline is easily blocked due to liquid impurities, so it has not been widely used.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a geothermal development system based on deep vertical wells, which can not only solve the problems of resource scarcity and bankruptcy faced by old mines, but also make some deep resources that cannot meet the mining economic indicators, which can be combined with deep Geothermal development has mining value.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for a geothermal development system, which avoids many of the shortcomings of existing mining methods, and can also use existing mines or combined with deep mining for geothermal mining, which can reduce engineering costs and reduce Necessary repetitive construction.
  • a geothermal development system includes a ground hoisting system 1, a large-diameter shaft 2, an underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3, a heat transfer diversion channel 4, and a water-rock geothermal reservoir formed by an inlet blasting tunnel 5 and a main tunnel 6 7.
  • the hot ore development system is provided with an injection pipe 8 and a collection pipe 9 along the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2.
  • the injection pipe 8 passes through the heat exchange diversion channel 4 and the collection pipe 9 in the borehole of the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 in dry hot rock Connected to each other, a main circulation tunnel 6 is arranged around the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3, and a multi-layer main tunnel 6 is longitudinally arranged along the large-diameter shaft 2 and the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 as required, and multiple rows are arranged horizontally along the main tunnel 6 Access road blasting roadway 5, loosely blasting the rock by the caving method to form a hot ore blasting fracture reservoir 7 and a movable sealing device 11 is set above the large-diameter shaft 2 corresponding to the hot ore blasting fracture reservoir 7; then Inject water into the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 through the injection pipe to form water and heat rock, and no longer recover, turn off the water injection function; using the U-shaped pipe principle, the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9 will be cold water and
  • the cross section of the heat transfer diversion channel 4 is set as a circular pipe or a tunnel, and is arranged in a spiral shape when multi-layered, and is arranged in multiple layers according to the site conditions or actual requirements.
  • the mobile sealing device 11 realizes the sealing of the large-diameter shaft 2.
  • the water inlet pipe is provided separately or combined with the water injection pipe 8 into a single pipe through valve control.
  • the diameter of the large-diameter shaft 2 should be large enough. According to site requirements, multiple injection pipes 8 and collection pipes 9 are provided in the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2.
  • the heat transfer diversion channel 4 is made of a material with good corrosion resistance and good thermal conductivity, and the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9 are made of a material that is resistant to high temperature, high pressure and heat insulation.
  • the movable sealing device is arranged on the inside of the large-diameter shaft 2.
  • the support system 13 provided on the outer wall of the panel structure 12 of the movable sealing device cooperates with the fixing system 15 provided on the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2 to realize position adjustment and sliding.
  • the movable sealing device is adjusted according to the hot ore blasting fracture reservoir 7 and is located above the hot ore blasting fracture reservoir 7; the movable sealing device is mainly composed of the panel structure 12, the supporting system 13, the hydraulic device 14 and the periphery
  • the fixing system 15 is composed of; the panel structure 12 is a main structure, which has a certain thickness, and a hydraulic device is arranged inside; the supporting system 13 is provided on the outer wall of the panel structure 12 and cooperates with the fixing system 15 provided on the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2 such as a snap Etc.; hydraulic device 14 is placed on the periphery of the drill hole where the panel structure 12 passes through the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9 for fixing the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9, and the control of the placement mechanism is controlled; the peripheral fixing system 15 is supported in the large The inner wall of the shaft 2 with a large diameter is continuously arranged along the inner wall of the shaft 2 with a large diameter, and is used to fix a movable support system 13.
  • the movable sealing device 11 is arranged in two or more layers to prevent excessive loss of high temperature in the lower part of the shaft.
  • the panel structure 12 may be composed of a steel structure or a concrete structure.
  • a construction method of a geothermal development system the steps are as follows:
  • S1 Construction of large-diameter shaft 2 through shaft construction technology. After reaching the target layer, use underground construction technology to develop underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 and main roadway 6 along the horizontal direction of the target layer.
  • blasting tunnels 5 Multiple rows of blasting tunnels 5 are formed along the main tunnel 6 horizontally, and the blasting pipeline 10 is placed in advance in the blasting tunnels 5 of the tunnel.
  • the blasting is used to loosen the thermal ore rock layer in orderly blasting to form a thermal ore blasting crack storage Stream layer 7, the necessary personnel, equipment and mine resources are transported by the ground lifting system;
  • a movable sealing device 11 is provided above the large-diameter shaft 2 corresponding to the hot ore blasting fracture reservoir 7, and the movable sealing device 11 is moved up and down along the large-diameter shaft 2 according to actual engineering needs to reduce heat loss;
  • the injection pipe 8 and collection pipe 9 lay the injection pipe 8 and collection pipe 9 along the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2 and extend to the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 to form a multi-layer spiral heat transfer diversion channel.
  • the injection pipe 8 injects water into the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3. After reaching a certain amount, the water injection is turned off to form hydrothermal rocks.
  • the injection pipes 8 and collection pipes 9 exchange cold energy with the hydrothermal rocks in the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 to achieve double heat exchange, and to exchange heat with the ground
  • the power generation working platforms on the power generation system are connected to form a closed cycle.
  • step S2 the blasting roadway 5 is blasted, and a loose collapse area is formed by the caving method, which is connected to the main roadway 6 and the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 to form a through area; when the multi-layer main roadway 6 is arranged, each layer of the main roadway 6 All have access road blasting lanes 5.
  • step S3 firstly, during the construction of the large-diameter shaft 2, the peripheral fixing system 15 is set; then the panel structure 12, the supporting system 13, and the hydraulic device 14 are assembled and integrated into the overall system in advance; then the large-diameter shaft 2 is to be constructed
  • the movable sealing device 11 is placed in the large-diameter shaft 2 and is fixed in the peripheral fixing system 15 of the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2 at a suitable position by using a support system 13; then the injection pipe 8 and the output pipe 9 are constructed to insert the injection pipe 8 and the output pipe 9 pass through the movable sealing device 11, and fix the injection pipe 8 and the collecting pipe 9 with the hydraulic device 14; finally, according to the engineering needs, move the movable sealing device 11 up and down, select an appropriate position, and fix it.
  • step S4 the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 is no longer recovered after injection of water, forming hydrothermal rocks, which are used for exchanging diversion heat channels 4 for heat exchange.
  • the hot mine development system provided by the present invention, by constructing a deep vertical shaft or continuing to construct a shaft on the original shaft of the mine, excavating to the destination layer and then excavating the horizontal roadway, thereby increasing the flow of liquid and its liquid and The contact area of the heat source, and through the drilling, blasting and other measures to conduct and rupture the hot dry rock to improve its permeability and fluidity, or lay a heat pipe in the hot dry rock, and then use the collection pipe to collect the liquid carrying thermal energy
  • the medium is transported to the power generation work platform through the wellbore to generate power.
  • EGS Compared with the traditional enhanced geothermal system, EGS uses two small-caliber boreholes and allows the medium liquid to flow laterally in the target dry hot rock layer to absorb heat.
  • the invention uses a large-diameter wellbore to collect geothermal energy, which can make the medium liquid Both vertical and horizontal flow can be achieved in the target dry and hot rock formations. This method of mining geothermal energy reduces the number of drillings and the area occupied by the ground platform.
  • EGS mainly relies on the method of hydraulic fracturing to increase the porosity and permeability of the target dry-hot rock layer, but the porosity and permeability of the dry-hot rock cannot be guaranteed, and the pipe is in operation. The road is easily blocked.
  • the present invention can effectively avoid the above-mentioned shortcomings, and at the same time, it can fully exert manual measures to ensure the porosity and permeability of the dry hot rock and increase the heat exchange area.
  • the heat pipe can also be used to fully absorb the heat of the dry hot rock To avoid blockage of the pipeline.
  • the upper and lower cold-hot water closed circulation schemes can minimize the system energy consumption, and at the same time completely prevent deep harmful minerals from corroding pipes or polluting the environment;
  • the movable sealing device due to its strong mobility and easy installation, and the strong structure of the shaft construction device, can well transmit the pressure around the shaft, and can effectively control the amount of extrusion around the shaft to meet the design requirements .
  • the mobile construction operation of the movable device can be used to install its position with the increase of the depth of the hot ore mining, which will reduce the waste of materials.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the thermal mine development system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the heat pipe of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the top structure of the thermal mine development system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a movable shaft sealing device of the present invention.
  • a thermal ore development system provided by this embodiment includes a large-diameter shaft 2.
  • the large-diameter shaft 2 can be constructed by a shaft construction technology, or a blind well can be constructed by using an existing shaft in mining.
  • the diameter of the large-diameter shaft 2 is 3-10m, and its vertical depth is 3000-10000m, until the underground development forms an underground high-temperature high-pressure heat exchange pool 3, the diameter of the underground high-temperature high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 is 30-50m, and the height is about 1m, and The number of layers provided in the heat transfer diversion channel 4 is related.
  • Both the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9 are arranged along the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2 and form a heat transfer diversion channel 4 in the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3.
  • the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9 are made of materials that are resistant to high temperature, high pressure and heat insulation production.
  • the injection pipe 8 communicates with the collection pipe 9 through the heat exchange diversion channel 4 in the underground high temperature and high pressure heat exchange pool 3, and the diameter of the heat transfer diversion channel 4 is 10 to 300 mm. Both the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9 are connected to the power generation working platform to form a closed cycle.
  • a circulation main roadway 6 is arranged around the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3, and a multi-layer main roadway 6 can be arranged longitudinally along the shaft according to needs.
  • the main roadway 6 has a diameter of 0.5m and a length of 250m, and is arranged horizontally along the main roadway 6.
  • Road blasting roadway 5 and access road blasting roadway 5 use the caving method to orderly blast the loose ore rock layer and form a water-rock geothermal blast fracture reservoir 7 with the main roadway 6.
  • the ground lift system 1 carries out necessary personnel, equipment, mine resources and other transportation.
  • the working process of the above hot mine development system is as follows: the medium liquid, such as water, is injected into the injection pipe 8 from the power generation working platform, and the liquid reaches the injection port through the injection pipe 8 under the pressure, enters the destination layer from the injection port, and enters the injection Roadway, where the liquid is filled into the roadway, the liquid then passes through the borehole in the dry hot rock under pressure, the liquid absorbs the geothermal energy through the borehole in the dry hot rock, and reaches the collection roadway or heat pipe, the liquid is filled and collected
  • the roadway enters the collection pipe 9 through the collection port, and carries the liquid or vapor containing geothermal energy to the power generation working platform to generate power. In this way, the geothermal energy at the destination layer is continuously brought to the ground to generate electricity.
  • the heat transfer diversion channel 4 is made of a material with high strength, corrosion resistance and good thermal conductivity. As shown in FIG. 2, the heat transfer diversion channel 4 can be provided in multiple layers and in the water-rock A movable sealing device 11 is provided above the geothermal explosion fracture gap reservoir 7. One end of the heat exchange diversion channel 4 is connected to the injection pipe 8 and the other end is connected to the collection pipeline 9, so that the heat transfer diversion channel 4 can not only obtain the heat in the dry hot rock, but also absorb the heat of water heat exchange, and The thermal energy is taken out by the liquid medium in the collecting pipe 9.
  • This embodiment also provides a construction method of a geothermal development system, including the following steps:
  • a construction method of a geothermal development system the steps are as follows:
  • S1 Construction of large-diameter shaft 2 through shaft construction technology. After reaching the target layer, use underground construction technology to develop underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 and main roadway 6 along the horizontal direction of the target layer.
  • blasting tunnels 5 Multiple rows of blasting tunnels 5 are formed along the main tunnel 6 horizontally, and the blasting pipeline 10 is placed in advance in the blasting tunnels 5 of the tunnel.
  • the blasting is used to loosen the thermal ore rock layer in orderly blasting to form a thermal ore blasting crack storage Stream layer 7, the necessary personnel, equipment and mine resources are transported by the ground lifting system;
  • a movable sealing device 11 is provided above the large-diameter shaft 2 corresponding to the hot ore blasting fracture reservoir 7, and the movable sealing device 11 is moved up and down along the large-diameter shaft 2 according to actual engineering needs to reduce heat loss;
  • the injection pipe 8 and collection pipe 9 lay the injection pipe 8 and collection pipe 9 along the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2 and extend to the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 to form a multi-layer spiral heat transfer diversion channel.
  • the injection pipe 8 injects water into the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3. After reaching a certain amount, the water injection is turned off to form hydrothermal rocks.
  • the injection pipes 8 and collection pipes 9 exchange cold energy with the hydrothermal rocks in the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 to achieve double heat exchange, and to exchange heat with the ground
  • the power generation working platforms on the power generation system are connected to form a closed cycle.
  • step S2 the blasting roadway 5 is blasted, and a loose collapse area is formed by the caving method, which is connected to the main roadway 6 and the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 to form a through area; when the multi-layer main roadway 6 is arranged, each layer of the main roadway 6 All have access road blasting lanes 5.
  • step S3 firstly, during the construction of the large-diameter shaft 2, the peripheral fixing system 15 is set; then the panel structure 12, the supporting system 13, and the hydraulic device 14 are assembled and integrated into the overall system in advance; then the large-diameter shaft 2 is to be constructed
  • the movable sealing device 11 is placed in the large-diameter shaft 2 and is fixed in the peripheral fixing system 15 of the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2 at a suitable position by using a support system 13; then the injection pipe 8 and the output pipe 9 are constructed to insert the injection pipe 8 and the output pipe 9 pass through the movable sealing device 11, and fix the injection pipe 8 and the collecting pipe 9 with the hydraulic device 14; finally, according to the engineering needs, move the movable sealing device 11 up and down, select an appropriate position, and fix it.
  • step S4 the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 is no longer recovered after injection of water, forming hydrothermal rocks, which are used for exchanging diversion heat channels 4 for heat exchange.
  • the geothermal development system and construction method of this embodiment utilize the advantages of large-diameter shaft 2 and roadway formed by mine excavation technology and large underground space and wide liquid contact surface.
  • the injection pipe 8 and collection pipe 9 are arranged to connect the ground and
  • the target layer constitutes a complete circuit, combined with drilling and blasting rock technology, the target is cracked, and finally the liquid medium obtains the heat of the dry hot rock through the heat transfer diversion channel 4 to the heat exchange pool filled with water, Then, the liquid or vapor containing geothermal energy is carried to the ground through the collecting pipeline 9 to generate electricity.
  • the geothermal development system can extract large amounts of geothermal energy, avoiding the many shortcomings of existing mining methods, and can also use existing mines or combined with deep mining for geothermal mining, which can reduce engineering costs and unnecessary unnecessary construction. So that the deposits with no economic mining value because of burial depth can be mined. This method can also be implemented in old mines with various resource shortages, so that the old mines can be re-produced from the plight of resource shortages.
  • the geothermal development system can also be applied to the exploitation of petroleum, shale gas and other energy fields.
  • a thermal ore development system in this embodiment includes a large-diameter shaft 2.
  • the wellbore can be constructed by shaft construction technology, or a blind well can be constructed by using an existing wellbore in mining.
  • the diameter of the large-diameter shaft 2 is 3-10 m, and its vertical depth is 3000-10000 m.
  • the underground high-temperature and high-pressure heat exchange pool 3 has a diameter of 30-50m and a height of about 1m, which is related to the number of layers of the heat transfer diversion channel 4.
  • Both the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9 are arranged along the inner wall of the large-diameter shaft 2.
  • the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9 are made of materials that are resistant to high temperature, high pressure, and heat.
  • a hole is drilled in the dry hot rock, and a heat transfer diversion channel 4 made of a material with high strength, corrosion resistance and good thermal conductivity is laid in the underground high temperature and high pressure heat exchange pool 3, as shown in FIG. 2, in the middle of the dry hot rock
  • a plurality of heat transfer diversion channels 4 are arranged in a ring shape, the heat transfer tube can be provided with multiple layers, and a movable sealing device 11 is provided above the blasting layer.
  • One end of the heat exchange diversion channel 4 is connected to the injection pipe 8 and the other end is connected to the collection pipe 9. Both the injection pipe 8 and the collection pipe 9 are connected to the power generation work platform to form a closed cycle.
  • the ground lift system 1 carries out necessary personnel, equipment, mine resources and other transportation, so that the heat pipe can fully absorb the thermal energy of the dry hot rock, and carry the thermal energy to the power generation work platform through the liquid medium in the collection pipe 9 to generate electricity.
  • the working process of the geothermal development system is as follows: the medium liquid, such as water, is injected into the injection pipe from the power generation working platform, the liquid passes through the injection pipe to the heat pipe under the pressure, and the liquid still passes through the dry hot rock under the pressure.
  • the water in the heat pipe and the heat exchange pool absorbs the geothermal energy and reaches the collection pipe, and the liquid or steam carrying the geothermal energy is sent to the power generation work platform on the ground for power generation through the collection pipe. In this way, the geothermal energy at the destination layer is continuously brought to the ground to generate electricity.

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Abstract

一种松动爆破热矿开发系统及其施工方法，热矿开发系统包括地面提升系统(1)、大直径竖井(2)、地下高温高压换热水池(3)、换热导流通道(4)、由进路爆破巷道(5)和主巷道(6)形成的水‑岩地热储流层、可移动密封装置(11)等组成。热矿开发系统沿大直径竖井(2)内壁设置注入管道(8)和收集管道(9)，注入管道(8)通过干热岩中地下高温高压换热水池(3)的换热导流通道(4)与收集管道(9)相连通，地下高温高压换热水池(3)周围布置流通主巷道(6)，沿主巷道(6)水平设置多排进路爆破巷道(5)，利用崩落法松动爆破形成热矿爆破裂隙储流层(7)，并在爆破层的竖井上方设置可移动密封装置(11)。利用U形管原理，由注入管道(8)与收集管道(9)将冷水与高温高压水池中的热水交换热能，输送到地面转化成电能供人们使用，实现双重换热。

Description

一种地热开发系统及其施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于地热开发技术领域，具体涉及一种热矿开发系统及其施工方法。
 背景技术
随着世界能源供需日趋紧张，并且传统的能源面临着短缺和高碳排放的问题，所以开发利用新能源成为研发的热点，其中对3000-10000米深部地热能资源的研发越来越受到人们的关注，但是受到钻井技术的局限，地热资源的开发利用率并不高。地热主要来自地球内部的放射性衰变产热，热源具有亿年尺度的可持续性，深地热开发是解决人类未来能源问题的根本出路。
利用地热能可以解决当前的环境污染和能源短缺问题，目前开采地热能采用增强型地热系统EGSEnhanced Geothermal System，由于采用钻井技术，钻孔孔径小，水力压裂困难，即在岩体的温度足够，而岩体却没有足够的渗透性和流体性，导致不能产生足够的热能来发电，增强型地热系统EGSEnhanced Geothermal System就是通过人工来提高岩体的渗透性，增加产出热能，提高发电量。该方法与当前能源相比，开发成本高，不经济，并且岩体的渗透性和流体性逐渐会降低，管路受液体杂质影响还容易被堵塞，所以还没有被广泛使用。
我国地表及浅部矿产资源大多已被发现和利用，大量深部资源又不具备经济开采条件，很多矿业公司面临资源匮乏的严峻形式，如何走出目前困境和使其能够持续发展成为各矿业首要任务。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是解决上述问题，提供一种基于深立井的地热开发系统，不仅能够解决老矿井面临的资源匮乏和破产等问题，也可能使一些不能满足开采经济指标的深部资源，可以结合深地热开发而具备开采价值。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种地热开发系统的施工方法，避免现有开采方法中的众多缺点，同时也可利用现有矿井或与深部采矿结合进行地热开采，能够降低工程成本，减少不必要的重复建设。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
一种地热开发系统包括地面提升系统1、大直径竖井2、地下高温高压换热水池3、换热导流通道4和由进路爆破巷道5和主巷道6形成的水-岩地热储流层7，热矿开发系统沿大直径竖井2内壁设置注入管道8和收集管道9，注入管道8通过干热岩中地下高温高压换热水池3的钻孔中换热导流通道4与收集管道9相连通，地下高温高压换热水池3周围布置流通主巷道6，根据需要沿着大直径竖井2和地下高温高压换热水池3纵向布置多层主巷道6，并沿主巷道6水平设置多排进路爆破巷道5，利用崩落法对岩石进行松动爆破，形成热矿爆破裂隙储流层7，并在热矿爆破裂隙储流层7对应的大直径竖井2上方设置可移动密封装置11；然后通过注入管道向地下高温高压换热水池3中注水存水，形成水热岩，并不再回收，关闭注水功能；利用U形管原理，由注入管道8与收集管道9将冷水与地下高温高压换热水池3中的水热岩交换热能，实现了双重换热，既获取了干热岩中的热量，也汲取了水热交换的热量，形成封闭的换热系统；由地面提升系统进行必要的人员、设备、矿山资源运输，注入管道8和收集管道9均与设置在地面发电系统上的发电工作平台相连从而形成封闭循环。
所述的换热导流通道4的截面设置成圆形管道或巷道，多层时布置成螺旋状，根据现场情况或实际需求设置成多层，移动密封装置11实现大直径竖井2的密封。
所述的进水管道单独设置或通过阀门控制与注水管道8合并为一个管道。
所述的大直径竖井2直径应足够大，根据现场要求，注入管道8和收集管道9在大直径竖井2内壁内设置多根。
所述的换热导流通道4由耐腐蚀和导热性能好的材料制成，所述的注入管道8和收集管道9由耐高温、高压以及隔热的材料制成。
所述的可移动密封装置设置于大直径竖井2内部上，可移动密封装置的面板结构12外壁设有的支撑体系13与大直径竖井2内壁设有的固定系统15配合，实现调位滑动和定位卡固；可移动密封装置根据热矿爆破裂隙储流层7进行调节，位于热矿爆破裂隙储流层7上方；可移动密封装置主要由面板结构12、支撑体系13、液压装置14和周边固定系统15组成；面板结构12为主体结构，其具有一定的厚度，内部布置液压装置；支撑体系13设置在面板结构12外壁，与大直径竖井2内壁设有的固定系统15配合，如卡扣等连接；液压装置14安置在面板结构12穿过注入管道8和收集管道9的钻孔周边，用于固定注入管道8和收集管道9，并安置机关可控；周边固定系统15支护在大直径竖井2内壁上，是沿着大直径竖井2内壁竖向连续排列，用于固定可移动的支撑体系13。
所述可移动密封装置11进两层或多层布置，来阻挡住竖井下部高温的过多流失。
所述面板结构12可采用钢结构或者混凝土结构构成。
一种地热开发系统的施工方法，步骤如下：
S1、通过竖井施工技术建设大直径竖井2，到达目的层后，利用平巷施工技术沿目的层横向开拓地下高温高压换热水池3与主巷道6，根据需要沿着大直径竖井2纵向布置多层主巷道6；
S2、沿主巷道6水平方向形成多排进路爆破巷道5，并在进路爆破巷道5提前安置好爆破管道10，利用崩落法进行有序爆破松动热矿岩石层，形成热矿爆破裂隙储流层7，由地面提升系统进行必要的人员、设备、矿山资源等运输；
S3、在热矿爆破裂隙储流层7所对应的大直径竖井2上方设置可移动密封装置11，并根据实际工程需要，进行可移动密封装置11沿大直径竖井2上下移动，降低热量流失；
S4、沿大直径竖井2内壁铺设注入管道8和收集管道9，延伸到地下高温高压换热水池3形成多层螺旋状换热导流通道，由注入管道8将水注入地下高温高压换热水池3，达到一定量后，关闭注水，形成水热岩，由注入管道8与收集管道9将冷水与地下高温高压换热水池3中的水热岩交换热能，实现双重换热，并与在地面发电系统上的发电工作平台相连形成封闭循环。
步骤S2中进路爆破巷道5进行爆破，采用崩落法形成松动塌陷区，与主巷道6、地下高温高压换热水池3相连，形成贯通区；当布置多层主巷道6时，每层主巷道6均设置进路爆破巷道5。
步骤S3中，首先在大直径竖井2施工过程中，把周边固定系统15设置好；然后提前对面板结构12、支撑体系13、液压装置14进行组装整合为整体系统；随后待大直径竖井2施工完毕，将可移动密封装置11放置大直径竖井2中，在适当位置利用支撑体系13固定在大直径竖井2内壁的周边固定系统15中；接着进行注入管道8和输出管道9施工，将注入管道8和输出管道9穿过可移动密封装置11，并将液压装置14对注入管道8和收集管道9进行固定；最后根据工程需要，上下移动可移动密封装置11，选取合适位置，进行固定处理。
步骤S4中，地下高温高压换热水池3注入水后不再回收，形成水热岩，供换导流热通道4进行热量交换。
 有益效果
（1）本发明所提供的热矿开发系统，通过建设深立井或者在矿山原有井筒上继续建设井筒，开挖到目的地层后进行水平巷道的开挖，从而提高液体的流量及其液体与热源的接触面积，并通过钻孔、爆破等措施对热干岩进行导通和破裂，提高其渗透性和流体性，或者在热干岩中铺设导热管，再利用收集管道收集携带热能的液体媒介，通过井筒输送到发电工作平台进行发电。
（2）相对于传统的增强型地热系统EGS采用两个小口径井眼并使媒介液体在目标干热岩层横向流动吸收热量，该发明采用一口大直径井筒进行地热能的采集，可以使得媒介液体在目标干热岩层纵向流动和横向流动均可，该开采地热能的方法减少了钻井数量和地面平台占用面积。
（3）相对于传统的增强型地热系统EGS主要依靠水力压裂的方法增加目标干热岩层的孔隙度和渗透率，但是不能保证干热岩的孔隙度和渗透率，并且在运行过程中管路容易堵塞，本发明能够有效避免上述缺点，同时还能够充分发挥人工措施，保证干热岩的孔隙度和渗透率，增大热交换面积，同时也可采用导热管充分吸收干热岩的热量，避免管路堵塞。
（4）有利于深部采热系统的施工建设；
（5）不需采用水力压裂技术，不会诱发地震，更不用担心水环境污染；
（6）可大幅度增加水热交换面积，实现大容量地热开发；
（7）利用U型管原理，上、下冷-热水封闭循环方案可最大限度地减小系统能耗，同时彻底避免深部有害矿物质腐蚀管道或污染环境；
（8）可与深部矿物资源开采相结合，实现矿物资源与地热资源利用的双赢。
（9）可移动密封装置，因可移动性强，并安装方便，且该竖井施工装置的结构性强，能够很好的传递竖井周围压力，能够有效的控制竖井的周边挤压量满足设计要求。
（10）可移动装置的移动施工作业，随着热矿开采深度增加可循环使用安置其位置，会减少材料浪费。
 附图说明
图1是本发明热矿开发系统的结构示意图。
图2是本发明导热管的安装示意图。
图3是本发明热矿开发系统的俯视结构示意图。
图4是本发明竖井可移动密封装置结构示意图。
图中：1地面提升系统；2大直径竖井；3地下高温高压换热水池；4换热导流通道；5进路爆破巷道；6主巷道；7水-岩地热爆破裂隙储流层；8注入管道；9收集管道；10爆破导管；11可移动密封装置；12面板结构；13支撑体系；14液压装置；15周边固定系统；16内壁。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例一
如图1所示，本实施例提供的一种热矿开发系统，包括大直径竖井2，大直径竖井2可通过竖井施工技术建设，或者利用采矿中已有井筒再建设盲井。大直径竖井2的直径为3~10m，其垂直深度为3000-10000m，直至地下开拓形成地下高温高压换热水池3，地下高温高压换热水池3的直径为30-50m，高度1m左右，与换热导流通道4设置的层数有关。注入管道8和收集管道9均沿大直径竖井2内壁设置，并在地下高温高压换热水池3形成换热导流通道4，注入管道8和收集管道9由耐高温、高压以及隔热的材料制成。
注入管道8通过地下高温高压换热水池3中的换热导流通道4与收集管道9相连通，换热导流通道4的直径为10~300mm。注入管道8和收集管道9均与发电工作平台相连从而形成封闭循环。
同时地下高温高压换热水池3周围布置流通主巷道6，根据需要可沿着竖井纵向布置多层主巷道6，主巷道6的直径0.5m，长度250m，并沿主巷道6水平设置多排进路爆破巷道5，进路爆破巷道5利用崩落法进行有序爆破松动热矿岩石层，与主巷道6形成水-岩地热爆破裂隙储流层7。由地面提升系统1进行必要的人员、设备、矿山资源等运输。
上述热矿开发系统的工作过程为：将媒介液体，例如水，从发电工作平台注入到注入管道8中，液体在压力作用下通过注入管道8到达注入口，从注入口进入目的地层，进入注入巷道，其中液体要灌满注入巷道，液体接着在压力作用下通过干热岩中的钻孔，液体通过干热岩中的钻孔吸收地热能，并到达收集巷道或导热管，液体灌满收集巷道，通过收集口进入收集管道9，将含有地热能的液体或蒸气携带至发电工作平台进行发电。如此循环，目的地层的地热能不断被带至地面进行发电。
为了增大液体接触面，换热导流通道4由高强度、耐腐蚀和导热性能好的材料制成，如图2所示，换热导流通道4可设置多层，并在水-岩地热爆破裂隙储流层7的上方设置可移动密封装置11。换热导流通道4的一端与注入管道8相连，另一端与收集管道9相连，从而换热导流通道4既可以获取了干热岩中的热量，也汲取了水热交换的热量，并通过收集管道9中的液体媒介将热能带出。
本实施例还提供一种地热开发系统的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
一种地热开发系统的施工方法，步骤如下：
S1、通过竖井施工技术建设大直径竖井2，到达目的层后，利用平巷施工技术沿目的层横向开拓地下高温高压换热水池3与主巷道6，根据需要沿着大直径竖井2纵向布置多层主巷道6；
S2、沿主巷道6水平方向形成多排进路爆破巷道5，并在进路爆破巷道5提前安置好爆破管道10，利用崩落法进行有序爆破松动热矿岩石层，形成热矿爆破裂隙储流层7，由地面提升系统进行必要的人员、设备、矿山资源等运输；
S3、在热矿爆破裂隙储流层7所对应的大直径竖井2上方设置可移动密封装置11，并根据实际工程需要，进行可移动密封装置11沿大直径竖井2上下移动，降低热量流失；
S4、沿大直径竖井2内壁铺设注入管道8和收集管道9，延伸到地下高温高压换热水池3形成多层螺旋状换热导流通道，由注入管道8将水注入地下高温高压换热水池3，达到一定量后，关闭注水，形成水热岩，由注入管道8与收集管道9将冷水与地下高温高压换热水池3中的水热岩交换热能，实现双重换热，并与在地面发电系统上的发电工作平台相连形成封闭循环。
步骤S2中进路爆破巷道5进行爆破，采用崩落法形成松动塌陷区，与主巷道6、地下高温高压换热水池3相连，形成贯通区；当布置多层主巷道6时，每层主巷道6均设置进路爆破巷道5。
步骤S3中，首先在大直径竖井2施工过程中，把周边固定系统15设置好；然后提前对面板结构12、支撑体系13、液压装置14进行组装整合为整体系统；随后待大直径竖井2施工完毕，将可移动密封装置11放置大直径竖井2中，在适当位置利用支撑体系13固定在大直径竖井2内壁的周边固定系统15中；接着进行注入管道8和输出管道9施工，将注入管道8和输出管道9穿过可移动密封装置11，并将液压装置14对注入管道8和收集管道9进行固定；最后根据工程需要，上下移动可移动密封装置11，选取合适位置，进行固定处理。
步骤S4中，地下高温高压换热水池3注入水后不再回收，形成水热岩，供换导流热通道4进行热量交换。
本实施例的地热开发系统及其施工方法，利用矿井开挖技术形成的大直径竖井2和巷道及其地下空间大、液体接触面广的优势，布置注入管道8和收集管道9，连接地面和目标层，构成一个完整回路，并结合钻孔和爆破破岩技术，将目标层压裂，最后使得液体媒介通过换热导流通道4对注有水的换热水池获取干热岩的热量，再通过收集管道9将含有地热能的液体或蒸气携带至地面进行发电。该地热开发系统能够大量开采地热能，避免现有开采方法中的众多缺点，同时也可利用现有矿井或与深部采矿结合进行地热开采，能够降低工程成本，减少不必要的重复建设，也可使因为埋深没有经济开采价值的矿床得以开采。该方法还可以在各种资源匮乏的老矿井中实施，使得老矿井进行二次生产，脱离资源匮乏的困境。该地热开发系统还可以应用于石油、页岩气等能源领域的开采。
实施例二
如图2所示，本实施例中的一种热矿开发系统，包括大直径竖井2，井筒可通过竖井施工技术建设，或者利用采矿中已有井筒再建设盲井。大直径竖井2的直径为3~10m，其垂直深度为3000-10000m。直至地下开拓形成地下高温高压换热水池3，地下高温高压换热水池3的直径为30-50m，高度1m左右，与换热导流通道4设置的层数有关。注入管道8和收集管道9均沿大直径竖井2内壁设置，注入管道8和收集管道9由耐高温、高压以及隔热的材料制成。
干热岩中开设有钻孔，地下高温高压换热水池3中铺设有由高强度、耐腐蚀和导热性能好的材料制成换热导流通道4，如图2所示，干热岩中间环形布置若干换热导流通道4，导热管可设置多层，并在爆破层的上方设置可移动密封装置11。换热导流通道4的一端与注入管道8相连，另一端与收集管道9相连，注入管道8和收集管道9均与发电工作平台相连从而形成封闭循环。由地面提升系统1进行必要的人员、设备、矿山资源等运输，从而导热管可以充分吸收干热岩的热能，并通过收集管道9中的液体媒介将热能携带至发电工作平台进行发电。
该地热开发系统的工作过程为：将媒介液体，例如水，从发电工作平台注入到注入管道中，液体在压力作用下通过注入管道到达导热管，液体还是在压力作用下通过干热岩中的导热管与换热水池中的水吸收地热能，并到达收集管道，通过收集管道将携带地热能的液体或蒸气输送至地面上的发电工作平台发电。如此循环，目的地层的地热能不断被带至地面进行发电。
本领域的普通技术人员将会意识到，这里所述的实施例是为了帮助读者理解本发明的原理，应被理解为本发明的保护范围并不局限于这样的特别陈述和实施例。本领域的普通技术人员可以根据本发明公开的这些技术启示做出各种不脱离本发明实质的其它各种具体变形和组合，这些变形和组合仍然在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种地热开发系统，其特征在于，所述的地热开发系统包括地面提升系统（1）、大直径竖井（2）、地下高温高压换热水池（3）、换热导流通道（4）和由进路爆破巷道（5）和主巷道（6）形成的水-岩地热储流层（7），热矿开发系统沿大直径竖井（2）内壁设置注入管道（8）和收集管道（9），注入管道（8）通过干热岩中地下高温高压换热水池（3）的钻孔中换热导流通道（4）与收集管道（9）相连通，地下高温高压换热水池（3）周围布置流通主巷道（6），根据需要沿着大直径竖井（2）和地下高温高压换热水池（3）纵向布置多层主巷道（6），并沿主巷道（6）水平设置多排进路爆破巷道（5），利用崩落法对岩石进行松动爆破，形成热矿爆破裂隙储流层（7），并在热矿爆破裂隙储流层（7）对应的大直径竖井（2）上方设置可移动密封装置（11）；然后通过注入管道向地下高温高压换热水池（3）中注水存水，形成水热岩，并不再回收，关闭注水功能；利用U形管原理，由注入管道（8）与收集管道（9）将冷水与地下高温高压换热水池（3）中的水热岩交换热能，实现了双重换热，既获取了干热岩中的热量，也汲取了水热交换的热量，形成封闭的换热系统；由地面提升系统进行必要的人员、设备、矿山资源运输，注入管道（8）和收集管道（9）均与设置在地面发电系统上的发电工作平台相连从而形成封闭循环。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的地热开发系统，其特征在于，所述的可移动密封装置设置于大直径竖井（2）内部上，可移动密封装置的面板结构（12）外壁设有的支撑体系（13）与大直径竖井（2）内壁设有的固定系统（15）配合，实现调位滑动和定位卡固；可移动密封装置根据热矿爆破裂隙储流层（7）进行调节，位于热矿爆破裂隙储流层（7）上方；可移动密封装置主要由面板结构（12）、支撑体系（13）、液压装置（14）和周边固定系统（15）组成；面板结构（12）为主体结构，其具有一定的厚度，内部布置液压装置；支撑体系（13）设置在面板结构（12）外壁，与大直径竖井（2）内壁设有的固定系统（15）配合，如卡扣等连接；液压装置（14）安置在面板结构（12）穿过注入管道（8）和收集管道（9）的钻孔周边，用于固定注入管道（8）和收集管道（9），并安置机关可控；周边固定系统（15）支护在大直径竖井（2）内壁上，是沿着大直径竖井（2）内壁竖向连续排列，用于固定可移动的支撑体系（13）。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的地热开发系统，其特征在于，所述的换热导流通道（4）的截面设置成圆形管道或巷道，多层时布置成螺旋状，根据现场情况或实际需求设置成多层，移动密封装置（11）实现大直径竖井（2）的密封。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的地热开发系统，其特征在于，所述的进水管道单独设置或通过阀门控制与注水管道（8）合并为一个管道。
  5. 根据权利要求1、2或4所述的地热开发系统，其特征在于，所述的大直径竖井（2）直径应足够大，根据现场要求，注入管道（8）和收集管道（9）在大直径竖井（2）内壁内设置多根。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的地热开发系统，其特征在于，所述的换热导流通道（4）由耐腐蚀和导热性能好的材料制成，所述的注入管道（8）和收集管道（9）由耐高温、高压以及隔热的材料制成。
  7. 根据权利要求1、2、4或6所述的地热开发系统，其特征在于，所述可移动密封装置（11）进两层或多层布置，来阻挡住竖井下部高温的过多流失。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的地热开发系统，其特征在于，所述面板结构（12）可采用钢结构或者混凝土结构构成。
  9. 一种地热开发系统的施工方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
    S1、通过竖井施工技术建设大直径竖井（2），到达目的层后，利用平巷施工技术沿目的层横向开拓地下高温高压换热水池（3）与主巷道（6），根据需要沿着大直径竖井（2）纵向布置多层主巷道（6）；
    S2、沿主巷道（6）水平方向形成多排进路爆破巷道（5），并在进路爆破巷道（5）提前安置好爆破管道（10），利用崩落法进行有序爆破松动热矿岩石层，形成热矿爆破裂隙储流层（7），由地面提升系统进行必要的人员、设备、矿山资源等运输；
    S3、在热矿爆破裂隙储流层（7）所对应的大直径竖井（2）上方设置可移动密封装置（11），并根据实际工程需要，进行可移动密封装置（11）沿大直径竖井（2）上下移动，降低热量流失；
    S4、沿大直径竖井（2）内壁铺设注入管道（8）和收集管道（9），延伸到地下高温高压换热水池（3）形成多层螺旋状换热导流通道，由注入管道（8）将水注入地下高温高压换热水池（3），达到一定量后，关闭注水，形成水热岩，由注入管道（8）与收集管道（9）将冷水与地下高温高压换热水池（3）中的水热岩交换热能，实现双重换热，并与在地面发电系统上的发电工作平台相连形成封闭循环。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的施工方法，其特征在于，
    步骤S2中进路爆破巷道（5）进行爆破，采用崩落法形成松动塌陷区，与主巷道（6）、地下高温高压换热水池（3）相连，形成贯通区；当布置多层主巷道（6）时，每层主巷道（6）均设置进路爆破巷道（5）；
    步骤S3中，首先在大直径竖井（2）施工过程中，把周边固定系统（15）设置好；然后提前对面板结构（12）、支撑体系（13）、液压装置（14）进行组装整合为整体系统；随后待大直径竖井（2）施工完毕，将可移动密封装置（11）放置大直径竖井（2）中，在适当位置利用支撑体系（13）固定在大直径竖井（2）内壁的周边固定系统（15）中；接着进行注入管道（8）和输出管道（9）施工，将注入管道（8）和输出管道（9）穿过可移动密封装置（11），并将液压装置（14）对注入管道（8）和收集管道（9）进行固定；最后根据工程需要，上下移动可移动密封装置（11），选取合适位置，进行固定处理；
    步骤S4中，地下高温高压换热水池（3）注入水后不再回收，形成水热岩，供换导流热通道（4）进行热量交换。
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