WO2020140930A1 - 一种终端与基站的通信方法和装置 - Google Patents
一种终端与基站的通信方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020140930A1 WO2020140930A1 PCT/CN2020/070050 CN2020070050W WO2020140930A1 WO 2020140930 A1 WO2020140930 A1 WO 2020140930A1 CN 2020070050 W CN2020070050 W CN 2020070050W WO 2020140930 A1 WO2020140930 A1 WO 2020140930A1
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- terminal
- data frame
- relay device
- frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/40—Network security protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/02—Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to a communication method between a terminal and a base station, and a communication device between a terminal and a base station.
- LoRa is an ultra-long-distance transmission scheme based on spread-spectrum technology in the Internet of Things, which has the characteristics of long transmission distance, low power consumption, multi-node and low cost.
- the LoRa network usually includes a terminal, a base station, and a server.
- the uplink signal of the terminal is directly received by the base station, and the downlink signal of the base station is also directly received by the terminal.
- the signals of the base station and the terminal cannot reach each other due to attenuation. For example, if the terminal is installed underground, the signal strength will be attenuated, making communication between the base station and the terminal impossible.
- the embodiments of the present application are proposed in order to provide a communication method of a terminal and a base station, and a communication device of the terminal and the base station that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
- an embodiment of the present application discloses a communication method between a terminal and a base station, including:
- the terminal sends a first data frame to the relay device in the first mode, the first data frame includes a first preamble and a first information set, and the first preamble is used to wake up the relay device;
- the terminal sends a second data frame to the relay device in the first mode, the second data frame includes a second preamble and a second information set, and the second data frame is the After the first data frame is sent completely and sent after a first time interval, the length of the second preamble is less than the length of the first preamble;
- the terminal receives the third data frame sent by the relay device in the first mode, and the third data frame is sent by the relay device to the terminal after being received from the base station.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes first time interval information, and the first time interval information is used to indicate the information length of the first time interval.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes a security mechanism indicator, and the security mechanism indicator is used to indicate a security level of the first information set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes a count value, and the count value is used to confirm that the first information set is a non-repetitively sent message set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes first verification information, and the first verification information is used to verify the second information set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes an encapsulation indication identifier, and the encapsulation indication identifier is used to indicate whether the relay device performs encapsulation processing on the second data frame.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes spreading factor indication information, and the spreading factor indication information is used to instruct the relay device to send the second to the base station according to the spreading factor corresponding to the spreading factor indication information Data Frame.
- it also includes:
- the third data frame may be a network access confirmation frame, and the network access confirmation frame is used to confirm a network access request of the terminal.
- it also includes:
- the second data frame may be a network access request frame, and the network access request frame is used to request network access.
- the terminal after receiving the third data frame sent by the relay device, the terminal further includes:
- the terminal sends a fourth data frame to the relay device, where the fourth data frame includes a terminal identifier, and the terminal identifier is used to cause the relay device to update the white list.
- the terminal after receiving the third data frame sent by the relay device, the terminal further includes:
- the terminal determines whether to monitor the first reception time window and the second reception time window in the second mode according to the first identifier in the first mode.
- An embodiment of the present application also discloses a communication method between a terminal and a base station, including:
- the relay device receives a first data frame sent by the terminal, where the first data frame includes a first preamble and a first information set, and the first preamble is used to wake up the relay device;
- the relay device receives a second data frame sent by the terminal, the second data frame includes a second preamble and a second information set, and the second data frame is that the relay device completes receiving the After the first information frame is received after the first time interval, the length of the second preamble is less than the length of the first preamble;
- the relay device sends a third data frame to the terminal, and the third data frame is sent by the relay device to the terminal after being received from the base station.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes first time interval information, and the first time interval information is used to indicate the information length of the first time interval.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes a security mechanism indicator, and the security mechanism indicator is used to indicate a security level of the first information set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes a count value, and the count value is used to confirm that the first information set is a non-repetitively sent message set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes first verification information, and the first verification information is used to verify the second information set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes an encapsulation indication identifier, and the encapsulation indication identifier is used to indicate whether the relay device performs encapsulation processing on the second data frame.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes spreading factor indication information, and the spreading factor indication information is used to instruct the relay device to send the second to the base station according to the spreading factor corresponding to the spreading factor indication information Data Frame.
- it also includes:
- the third data frame may be a network access confirmation frame, and the network access confirmation frame is used to confirm a network access request of the terminal.
- it also includes:
- the second data frame may be a network access request frame, and the network access request frame is used to request network access.
- the method further includes:
- the relay device receives a fourth data frame sent by the terminal, where the fourth data frame includes a terminal identifier, and the terminal identifier is used to cause the relay device to update the white list.
- An embodiment of the present application also discloses a terminal, including:
- a sending module configured to send a first data frame to the relay device in the first mode, the first data frame includes a first preamble and a first information set, and the first preamble is used to wake up the relay equipment;
- a sending module configured to send a second data frame to the relay device in the first mode, the second data frame includes a second preamble and a second information set, and the second data frame is the After the terminal completes sending the first data frame and sends it after a first time interval, the length of the second preamble is less than the length of the first preamble;
- a receiving module configured to receive a third data frame sent by the relay device in the first mode, the third data frame is sent by the relay device to the terminal after being received from the base station .
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes first time interval information, and the first time interval information is used to indicate the information length of the first time interval.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes a security mechanism indicator, and the security mechanism indicator is used to indicate a security level of the first information set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes a count value, and the count value is used to confirm that the first information set is a non-repetitively sent message set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes first verification information, and the first verification information is used to verify the second information set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes an encapsulation indication identifier, and the encapsulation indication identifier is used to indicate whether the relay device performs encapsulation processing on the second data frame.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes spreading factor indication information, and the spreading factor indication information is used to instruct the relay device to send the second to the base station according to the spreading factor corresponding to the spreading factor indication information Data Frame.
- it also includes:
- the third data frame may be a network access confirmation frame, and the network access confirmation frame is used to confirm a network access request of the terminal.
- it also includes:
- the second data frame may be a network access request frame, and the network access request frame is used to request network access.
- it also includes:
- a sending module located in the terminal configured to send a fourth data frame to the relay device after the terminal receives the third data frame sent by the relay device, the fourth data frame including a terminal identifier, The terminal identifier is used to enable the relay device to update the white list.
- it also includes:
- the processing module located at the terminal is configured to determine whether to monitor the third data frame in the second mode according to the first identifier in the first mode after the terminal receives the third data frame sent by the relay device A receiving time window and a second receiving time window.
- it also includes:
- the processing module located at the terminal is configured to, after the terminal receives the fourth data frame sent by the base station in any of the reception time windows of the second mode in the first mode, One mode is switched to the second mode.
- An embodiment of the present application also discloses a relay device, including:
- a receiving module configured to receive a first data frame sent by the terminal, where the first data frame includes a first preamble and a first information set, and the first preamble is used to wake up the relay device;
- a receiving module configured to receive a second data frame sent by the terminal, where the second data frame includes a second preamble and a second information set, and the second data frame is that the relay device completes receiving the After the first information frame is received after the first time interval, the length of the second preamble is less than the length of the first preamble;
- the sending module is configured to send a third data frame to the terminal, and the third data frame is sent to the terminal after the relay device receives it from the base station.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes first time interval information, and the first time interval information is used to indicate the information length of the first time interval.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes a security mechanism indicator, and the security mechanism indicator is used to indicate a security level of the first information set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes a count value, and the count value is used to confirm that the first information set is a non-repetitively sent message set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes first verification information, and the first verification information is used to verify the second information set.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes an encapsulation indication identifier, and the encapsulation indication identifier is used to indicate whether the relay device performs encapsulation processing on the second data frame.
- it also includes:
- the first information set includes spreading factor indication information, and the spreading factor indication information is used to instruct the relay device to send the second to the base station according to the spreading factor corresponding to the spreading factor indication information Data Frame.
- it also includes:
- the third data frame may be a network access confirmation frame, and the network access confirmation frame is used to confirm a network access request of the terminal.
- it also includes:
- the second data frame may be a network access request frame, and the network access request frame is used to request network access.
- it also includes:
- a receiving module located in the relay device configured to receive a fourth data frame sent by the terminal after the relay device sends a third data frame to the terminal, the fourth data frame including a terminal identifier, The terminal identifier is used to enable the relay device to update the white list.
- An embodiment of the present application also discloses a device, including:
- One or more processors are One or more processors.
- One or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described above.
- Embodiments of the present application also disclose one or more machine-readable media on which instructions are stored, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the device to perform one or more methods as described in the claims.
- the terminal may send the network access request frame with the first preamble to the relay device, the relay device forwards the network access request frame to the base station, and then the relay device sends the network access response frame returned by the base station Send to the terminal to complete the terminal's network access process.
- the terminal can forward the uplink data frame with the first preamble to the relay device, the relay device forwards the uplink data frame to the base station, and then the relay device returns the downlink data returned by the base station
- the frame is sent to the terminal to complete the communication process between the terminal and the base station.
- the terminal may access the network through the relay device and communicate with the base station.
- the LoRaWAN wireless frame format of the terminal is not changed, and only the length of the preamble is increased.
- Such a relay device does not use a proprietary frame structure, but is highly compatible with the LoRaWAN standard, which provides a guarantee for the unified LoRa relay standard of various manufacturers.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of steps of Embodiment 1 of a communication method of a terminal and a base station according to this application;
- Embodiment 2 is a flowchart of steps in Embodiment 2 of a method for communication between a terminal and a base station according to this application;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wireless frame transmission mechanism in the relay mode of this application.
- 5 is a schematic diagram of another transmission mechanism of wireless frames in the relay mode of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a communication flowchart of a terminal and a base station in an embodiment of this application.
- FIG. 7 is a device diagram of Embodiment 3 of a terminal of the present application.
- Embodiment 8 is an apparatus diagram of Embodiment 4 of a relay device of the present application.
- 9 is a message structure diagram of the first information set of this application.
- the LoRa network consists of terminal nodes, base station nodes and servers.
- the terminal has the LoRa network connection capability, and accesses the LoRa network.
- the terminal may include different electronic devices, for example, when the LoRa network is applied to city management, the terminal may include a smart meter; and the LoRa network is applied to a digital home At this time, the terminal may include various smart home appliances and so on.
- a base station also known as a gateway or concentrator in the LoRa network, has a wireless connection aggregation function, including a terminal providing an entrance to the LoRa network, forwarding data from a server or terminal, and realizing data between the terminal and the server Interaction.
- the base station can also exchange data with other base stations within the signal coverage of the base station by transmitting wireless frames.
- the server may include a server or server cluster, which is used to perform service processing according to the data obtained from the base station or the terminal, and to control the working mode and working state of the base station or the terminal.
- a LoRa relay device is provided between the terminal and the base station, and the communication between the terminal and the base station is established through the LoRa relay device.
- the communication flow between the terminal and the base station is first introduced from the perspective of the terminal.
- Embodiment 1 of a method for communication between a terminal and a base station according to the present application is shown.
- the specific steps may include the following steps:
- Step 101 The terminal sends a first data frame to a relay device in a first mode, the first data frame includes a first preamble and a first information set, and the first preamble is used to wake up the middle Following equipment;
- the terminal sends a network access request frame with a second preamble to the base station. If the terminal can receive the network access response frame returned by the base station, the standard network access is successful.
- a LoRa relay device is provided between the terminal and the base station, and the communication between the terminal and the base station can be established through the relay device.
- the terminal is buried underground, 500 meters away from the base station. If the terminal cannot receive the base station signal due to the obstruction of the ground, the relay device can be placed above the ground of the terminal's buried point at this time to play the role of signal relay.
- the relay device as a standard node first accesses the LoRa network according to a standard network access procedure. That is, the relay device first sends a network access request frame with a second preamble to the base station, and then receives a network access response frame returned by the base station. After the standard network connection is successful, the relay device performs an intermittent sleep state to save power consumption.
- the terminal may send a network access request frame with a first preamble to the relay device that has entered the network.
- the preamble is a regular wireless signal used to notify the wireless receiver that the subsequent wireless signal contains valid information.
- both the second preamble and the first preamble are a section of wireless signals before the network access request frame.
- the second preamble is a standard preamble, which is a standard format according to the LoRaWAN protocol.
- the first preamble is a long preamble, and the length of the first preamble is longer than the length of the second preamble.
- the length of the preamble may include the duration.
- Another purpose of the first preamble is to activate the dormant wireless receiver, so its length is longer than that of the second preamble.
- the receiver's sleep period is 4 seconds, and the length of the first preamble must be at least 4 seconds.
- the relay device periodically wakes itself up from the intermittent sleep state. During the wake-up, the relay device detects whether the first preamble of the relay special frame exists. If the first preamble is detected, the relay device activates the data receiving function and receives the payload of the relay special frame after the first preamble.
- the first preamble plus the subsequent payload can be collectively called a relay special frame.
- the first information set may be the payload part of the relay special frame.
- the step 101 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes first time interval information, and the first time interval information is used to indicate the information length of the first time interval.
- the first information set may be a payload portion of a relay special frame.
- the first time interval information is the time interval between the relay special frame and the subsequent normal frame.
- the first time interval may be random.
- the terminal receives the time interval information in the first information set, and parses out the value of the time interval information as 10 ms. Then, 10 ms after receiving the relay special frame, the terminal opens the receiving window to receive the subsequent normal frame.
- the first time interval may be encrypted by the relay key.
- the relay key can be preset in the terminal and the relay device.
- the relay key can also be dynamically generated. For example, the relay key can be derived from the root key of the terminal.
- the root key used to derive the relay key may be a network key (NwkKey) or an application key (AppKey).
- the terminal After deriving the relay key, the terminal sends the uplink data frame encrypted with the relay key to the network server through the relay device.
- the relay device encapsulates the data frame when forwarding the uplink data frame of the terminal, and the encapsulated uplink data frame includes the identifier of the relay device.
- the network server receives the encapsulated data frame sent by the relay device through the base station, determines the corresponding root key through the terminal identification, and derives the relay key. After that, the network server sends the relay key to the relay device through the base station.
- the terminal may carry a root key identifier when sending the uplink data frame.
- the root key identifier is used to enable the network server to determine the root key used for the derived relay key.
- the root key identifier may represent the network
- the key (NwkKey) may also represent the application key (AppKey).
- the terminal can decrypt the first information set and parse the first time interval information. And after waiting for the first time interval, the receiving time window is opened to receive normal frames.
- the step 101 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes a security mechanism indicator, and the security mechanism indicator is used to indicate the security level of the first information set.
- the security mechanism indication flag may indicate whether the payload portion of the relay special frame is encrypted.
- the security mechanism indicates that the logo itself is not encrypted. For example, when the security mechanism indicates that the identifier is 1, the payload part representing the relay special frame is encrypted by the relay key. When the security mechanism indicates that the identifier is 0, the payload portion representing the relay special frame is not encrypted.
- the terminal may confirm the security level of the relay special frame payload part according to the security mechanism instruction identifier.
- the step 101 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes a count value, and the count value is used to confirm that the first information set is a non-repetitively sent message set.
- the count value in the first information set is mainly used to prevent an attacker from replaying an attack on the relay special frame.
- the terminal After receiving the count value, the terminal will compare it with the latest count value recorded before. If the count value in the relay special frame received by the terminal is greater than the count value recorded by the terminal, the terminal receives the relay special frame. If the count value in the relay special frame received by the terminal is not greater than the count value recorded by the terminal. Then the terminal discards the relay special frame.
- the step 101 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes first verification information, and the first verification information is used to verify the second information set.
- the second information set is the payload portion of the normal frame after relaying the special frame.
- the first verification information may be a message verification code (Message Integrity Code, MIC) for the second information set.
- the message verification code may be calculated through the relay key.
- the intermediate device can verify the message verification code. If the verification is successful, the relay device forwards the ordinary frame to the base station. If the verification fails, the relay device discards the ordinary frame.
- the first verification information may also be signature information for the second information set. The relay device can verify the signature information according to the ordinary frame. If the verification is successful, the relay device forwards the ordinary frame to the base station. If the verification fails, the relay device discards the ordinary frame.
- Adding authentication information can effectively prevent intermediate devices from forwarding illegal data frames sent by attackers.
- the step 101 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes an encapsulation indication identifier, and the encapsulation indication identifier is used to indicate whether the relay device performs encapsulation processing on the second data frame.
- the encapsulation indication flag may be used to indicate whether the relay device can encapsulate the second data frame.
- the relay device uses the second data frame as the payload of the new encapsulated data frame, and adds the identifier of the relay device, the encapsulated data frame control information, and the MAC instruction to the encapsulated data frame.
- the network server needs to forward the encapsulated data frame to a dedicated relay application server for processing.
- the step 101 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes spreading factor indication information
- the spreading factor indication information is used to instruct the relay device to send to the base station according to the spreading factor corresponding to the spreading factor indication information
- the second data frame is used to instruct the relay device to send to the base station according to the spreading factor corresponding to the spreading factor indication information The second data frame.
- the second data frame may be a data frame used for time synchronization between the terminal and the gateway.
- the terminal sends the time synchronization frame to the gateway through the relay device, and receives the time synchronization response frame sent by the gateway through the relay device.
- the terminal calculates the current calibration time of the terminal by using information such as the time when the gateway sends the frame in the time synchronization response frame and the relay mode receiving window.
- the terminal may specify the relay device to send the time synchronization frame to the gateway by using the specific spreading factor through the spreading factor indication information. This helps the terminal obtain the air interface occupancy time for transmitting the time synchronization frame and the time synchronization confirmation frame between the relay device and the gateway, thereby achieving the purpose of time synchronization between the terminal and the gateway.
- Figure 9 shows the information structure of the payload part of the relay special frame.
- the first time interval information exists in both cases with relay key encryption and without relay key encryption.
- the first verification information is used to verify the integrity of the second information set in the second data frame.
- the second verification information is used to verify the integrity of the first information set in the first data frame.
- the first verification set may not have the first verification information and the second verification information, but may include the first time interval information, the packaging indication flag, and the spreading factor indication information.
- Step 102 The terminal sends a second data frame to the relay device in the first mode.
- the second data frame includes a second preamble and a second information set.
- the second data frame is a After the terminal completes sending the first data frame and sends it after a first time interval, the length of the second preamble is less than the length of the first preamble;
- the first mode is a relay mode.
- the second data frame is a normal frame.
- the second preamble is a normal preamble.
- the second information set is the payload part of the normal frame.
- the relay special frame is used to wake up the relay device. After acquiring the payload part of the special frame, the relay device can obtain information on whether the payload part is encrypted, the count value of the special frame, and the information for the second information set The first verification information.
- the relay device can judge the legality of the subsequent ordinary frame according to the special frame part. And when it is judged to be illegal, it refuses to forward subsequent ordinary frames.
- the reasons for judging the illegality may be: 1.
- the relay device judges that the count value of the relay special frame is not greater than the count value of the latest relay special frame recorded by the relay device.
- different channels can be used for relay special frames and normal frames.
- relay special frames can be transmitted on channel 1, while normal frames can be transmitted on channel 2.
- the channel information used by the relay special frame and the normal frame can be preset on the terminal and the relay device.
- the relay device and the terminal can update the channel usage information of the relay special frame and the normal frame by receiving the relay channel change information in the MAC instruction.
- the payload portion of the relay special frame may include channel usage information of the normal frame. After receiving the corresponding channel usage information, the terminal can receive the normal frame at the designated channel at the specified time
- the relay special frame may include the payload part, or may include only one long preamble.
- the time interval between every two special frames can be a random arbitrary time value.
- the detection of multiple special frames can be used as the basis for judgment, so that ordinary frames can be better protected.
- multiple special frames can be transmitted using different channels. For example, special frame 1 can use channel 1.
- Special frame 2 can use channel 2.
- the channel usage information of the special frame may be included in the payload portion of the previous special frame.
- multiple normal frames may exist after a relay special frame.
- the relay special frame may include multiple time interval information, and each time interval information corresponds to a time interval between a normal frame and a previous frame.
- a relay special frame is followed by two ordinary frames, namely ordinary frame 1 and ordinary frame 2.
- the payload portion (radio frame body) of the relay special frame includes relay special interval information 1 and relay special interval information 2.
- the relay special interval information 1 represents the interval time between the relay special frame and the normal frame 1 (relay special interval 1).
- the relay special interval information 2 represents the interval time between the normal frame 1 and the normal frame 2 (relay special interval 2).
- Different relay special intervals may have different values. Different relay special intervals can reduce the attacker's chance of attacking ordinary frames at a specific time. Sending multiple normal frames after a relay special frame can effectively improve the efficiency of relay transmission.
- multiple ordinary frames can be transmitted using different channels.
- normal frame 1 can use channel 1.
- Normal frame 2 can use channel 2.
- the channel usage information of the normal frame may be included in the payload portion of the previous normal frame.
- the step 102 may include the following sub-steps:
- the second data frame may be a network access request frame, and the network access request frame is used to request network access.
- the network access request (join request) frame may be a network access request frame of the LoRaWAN protocol standard.
- the relay device can be woken up by the relay special frame before the network access request frame and accept the network access request frame after the first time interval.
- the network access request frame can be regarded as part of the normal frame.
- Step 103 The terminal receives the third data frame sent by the relay device in the first mode, and the third data frame is sent by the relay device to the terminal after being received from the base station of.
- the first mode is the relay mode.
- the third data frame is a downlink data frame sent by the server to the terminal.
- the server first sends the downlink data frame to the corresponding base station. After that, the base station sends the data frame to the corresponding relay device. Finally, the relay device sends the downlink data frame to the terminal.
- the base station sends the downlink data frame to the relay device through the first reception time window (RX1 window) and the second reception time window (RX2 window) in the normal mode.
- the relay device transmits the downlink data frame to the terminal through the first reception window (RX1' window) and the second reception window (RX2' window) of the relay mode.
- the receiving delay 1'and receiving delay 2'corresponding to the first receiving window (RX1' window) and the second receiving window (RX2' window) of the relay mode may be the first receiving window (RX1 window) of the normal mode
- the reception delay 1 and the reception delay 2 corresponding to the second reception window (RX2 window) are calculated.
- the RX1' window reception delay 1' may be the RX1 window reception delay 1 plus 2 seconds.
- the reception delay 2'of the RX2' window may be the reception delay 2 of the RX2 window plus 2 seconds.
- the reception delay 1'and the reception delay 2'corresponding to the RX1' and RX2' windows can also be set to fixed lengths, such as 3 seconds and 4 seconds.
- the reception delay 1'and reception delay 2'corresponding to the RX1' and RX2' windows may also be smaller than the reception delay 1 and reception delay corresponding to the corresponding RX1 and RX2 windows.
- the invention is not specifically limited.
- the step 103 may include the following sub-steps:
- the third data frame may be a network access confirmation frame, and the network access confirmation frame is used to confirm the network access request of the terminal.
- the network access confirmation (join-accept) frame is a network access confirmation frame of the LoRaWAN protocol standard.
- the relay device receives the network access confirmation frame through the RX1 time window or the RX2 time window in the normal mode. After that, the relay device receives the network access confirmation frame through the RX1' time window or the RX2' time window in the relay mode.
- the terminal after receiving the third data frame sent by the relay device, the terminal further includes the following sub-steps:
- Sub-step S1032 the terminal sends a fourth data frame to the relay device, the fourth data frame includes a terminal identifier, and the terminal identifier is used to cause the relay device to update the white list.
- the fourth data frame may be an information synchronization frame between the terminal and the relay device.
- the terminal identifier may be any one of a terminal extended unique identifier (Device Extended Extended Identifier, DevEUI), a terminal address (DevAddr), or a network access extended unique identifier (Join Extended Extended Unique Identifier, JoinEUI).
- DevEUI Terminal Extended Extended Extended Identifier
- DevAddr terminal address
- JoinEUI a network access extended unique identifier
- the terminal After completing the network access process in the relay mode, the terminal sends an information synchronization frame to the relay device, and the information synchronization frame includes the terminal identification.
- the relay device updates the terminal identification to the white list.
- the white list includes the terminal identification of the terminal that the used relay device thinks can forward the message.
- the relay device After receiving a relay special frame in the relay mode, the relay device parses out the terminal identifier in the special frame to determine whether the terminal identifier exists in the white list. If the terminal identification exists in the white list, the relay device receives the ordinary frame after the relay special frame, and sends the ordinary frame to the base station. Otherwise, normal frames after relaying special frames are not received.
- the white list can be preset in the relay device.
- the terminal may send at least one of DevEUI and DevAddr to the relay device.
- the relay device updates the corresponding white list.
- the information synchronization frame carrying the terminal identification sent by the terminal to the relay device may be encrypted by the relay key.
- the relay device can use the relay key to decrypt the information synchronization frame first, and then update the white list.
- the whitelist can also be configured through the Media Access Control (MAC) command issued by the network server.
- the network server may issue a whitelist configuration command (WhiteListConfigCommand) to the relay device through the base station.
- the whitelist configuration command includes the terminal identifier that needs to be deleted or the terminal identifier that needs to be added.
- the relay device deletes the corresponding terminal identifier or adds the corresponding terminal identifier according to the configuration command.
- the terminal identifier may be at least one of DevEUI and DevAddr.
- the payload portion of the relay special frame may carry the terminal identification.
- the terminal identifier may be DevAddr or DevEUI or joinEUI, and the relay device may judge in advance that the data frame of the terminal can be forwarded through the identifier (DevAddr or DevEUI) in the relay special frame sent by the terminal. This mechanism can improve the efficiency of whitelist filtering.
- the terminal after receiving the third data frame sent by the relay device, the terminal further includes the following sub-steps:
- Sub-step S1033 the terminal determines whether to monitor the first reception time window and the second reception time window in the second mode according to the first identifier in the first mode.
- the first mode is the relay mode.
- the second mode is the normal mode.
- the first identification may be a normal mode receiving window identification.
- the first identifier is used to enable the terminal to determine whether to monitor the first reception time window and the second reception time window in the normal mode. In some scenarios, the terminal cannot receive the downlink data frame sent by the base station in the first reception time window and the second reception time window in the normal mode. If the terminal is allowed to monitor the first reception time window and the second reception in the normal mode Time windows can cause unnecessary waste of resources. Therefore, it is possible to control the terminal to no longer monitor the reception time window in the normal mode by setting a reception window flag that prohibits reception in the normal mode.
- the network server may use the MAC instruction to change the reception-free normal mode reception window identifier on the terminal.
- the step 103 may include the following sub-steps:
- Sub-step S1034 if the terminal receives the fourth data frame sent by the base station in any of the reception time windows of the second mode in the first mode, the terminal switches from the first mode To the second mode.
- the fourth data frame may be a downlink data frame in any form. If the terminal can receive any downlink data frame of the reception time window sent by the base station in the normal mode, it means that the terminal can already communicate with the base station independently. Therefore, the terminal can automatically switch from the relay mode to the normal mode. And when sending upstream data frames, use the common frame format. Optionally, the terminal can switch from the relay mode back to the normal mode after continuously receiving multiple downlink data frames of any time window in the normal mode. By detecting that the downlink data frame in the normal mode is received multiple times and then switching back to the normal mode, the accuracy of the terminal switching back to the normal mode can be increased.
- the terminal wakes up the relay device through the long preamble mechanism, and sends the uplink data frame to the base station through the relay device.
- the terminal can also obtain the downlink data frame sent by the base station through the relay device, which can effectively expand the coverage of the network.
- FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of steps of Embodiment 2 of a communication method of a terminal and a base station of the present application, which may specifically include the following steps:
- Step 201 The relay device receives a first data frame sent by the terminal, where the first data frame includes a first preamble and a first information set, and the first preamble is used to wake up the relay device;
- the terminal sends a network access request frame with a second preamble to the base station. If the terminal can receive the network access response frame returned by the base station, the standard network access is successful.
- a LoRa relay device is provided between the terminal and the base station, and the communication between the terminal and the base station can be established through the relay device.
- the terminal is buried underground, 500 meters away from the base station. If the terminal cannot receive the base station signal due to the obstruction of the ground, the relay device can be placed above the ground of the terminal's buried point at this time to play the role of signal relay.
- the relay device as a standard node first accesses the LoRa network according to a standard network access procedure. That is, the relay device first sends a network access request frame with a second preamble to the base station, and then receives a network access response frame returned by the base station. After the standard network connection is successful, the relay device performs an intermittent sleep state to save power consumption.
- the terminal may send a network access request frame with a first preamble to the relay device that has entered the network.
- the preamble is a regular wireless signal used to notify the wireless receiver that the subsequent wireless signal contains valid information.
- both the second preamble and the first preamble are a section of wireless signals before the network access request frame.
- the second preamble is a standard preamble, which is a standard format according to the LoRaWAN protocol.
- the first preamble is a long preamble, and the length of the first preamble is longer than the length of the second preamble.
- the length of the preamble may include the duration.
- Another purpose of the first preamble is to activate the dormant wireless receiver, so its length is longer than that of the second preamble.
- the receiver's sleep period is 4 seconds, and the length of the first preamble must be at least 4 seconds.
- the relay device periodically wakes itself up from the intermittent sleep state. During the wake-up, the relay device detects whether the first preamble of the relay special frame exists. If the first preamble is detected, the relay device activates the data receiving function and receives the payload of the relay special frame after the first preamble.
- the first preamble plus the subsequent payload can be collectively called a relay special frame.
- the first information set may be the payload part of the relay special frame.
- the step 201 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes first time interval information, and the first time interval information is used to indicate the information length of the first time interval.
- the first information set may be a payload portion of a relay special frame.
- the first time interval information is the time interval between the relay special frame and the subsequent normal frame.
- the first time interval may be random.
- the terminal receives the time interval information in the first information set, and parses out the value of the time interval information as 10 ms. Then, 10 ms after receiving the relay special frame, the terminal opens the receiving window to receive the subsequent normal frame.
- the first time interval may be encrypted by the relay key.
- the relay key can be preset in the terminal and the relay device.
- the relay key can also be dynamically generated. For example, the relay key can be derived from the root key of the terminal.
- the root key used to derive the relay key may be a network key (NwkKey) or an application key (AppKey).
- the terminal After deriving the relay key, the terminal sends the uplink data frame encrypted with the relay key to the network server through the relay device.
- the relay device encapsulates the data frame when forwarding the uplink data frame of the terminal, and the encapsulated uplink data frame includes the identifier of the relay device.
- the network server receives the encapsulated data frame sent by the relay device through the base station, determines the corresponding root key through the terminal identification, and derives the relay key. After that, the network server sends the relay key to the relay device through the base station.
- the terminal may carry a root key identifier when sending the uplink data frame.
- the root key identifier is used to enable the network server to determine the root key used for the derived relay key.
- the root key identifier may represent the network
- the key (NwkKey) may also represent the application key (AppKey).
- the terminal can decrypt the first information set and parse the first time interval information. And after waiting for the first time interval, the receiving time window is opened to receive normal frames.
- the step 201 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes a security mechanism indicator, and the security mechanism indicator is used to indicate the security level of the first information set.
- the security mechanism indication flag may indicate whether the payload portion of the relay special frame is encrypted.
- the security mechanism indicates that the logo itself is not encrypted. For example, when the security mechanism indicates that the identifier is 1, the payload part representing the relay special frame is encrypted by the relay key. When the security mechanism indicates that the identifier is 0, the payload portion representing the relay special frame is not encrypted.
- the terminal may confirm the security level of the relay special frame payload part according to the security mechanism instruction identifier.
- the step 201 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes a count value, and the count value is used to confirm that the first information set is a non-repetitively sent message set.
- the count value in the first information set is mainly used to prevent an attacker from replaying an attack on the relay special frame.
- the terminal After receiving the count value, the terminal will compare it with the latest count value recorded before. If the count value in the relay special frame received by the terminal is greater than the count value recorded by the terminal, the terminal receives the relay special frame. If the count value in the relay special frame received by the terminal is not greater than the count value recorded by the terminal. Then the terminal discards the relay special frame.
- the step 201 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes first verification information, and the first verification information is used to verify the second information set.
- the second information set is the payload portion of the normal frame after relaying the special frame.
- the first verification information may be a message verification code (Message Integrity Code, MIC) for the second information set.
- the message verification code may be calculated through the relay key.
- the intermediate device can verify the message verification code. If the verification is successful, the relay device forwards the ordinary frame to the base station. If the verification fails, the relay device discards the ordinary frame.
- the first verification information may also be signature information for the second information set. The relay device can verify the signature information according to the ordinary frame. If the verification is successful, the relay device forwards the ordinary frame to the base station. If the verification fails, the relay device discards the ordinary frame.
- Adding authentication information can effectively prevent intermediate devices from forwarding illegal data frames sent by attackers.
- the step 201 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes an encapsulation indication identifier, and the encapsulation indication identifier is used to indicate whether the relay device performs encapsulation processing on the second data frame.
- the encapsulation indication flag may be used to indicate whether the relay device can encapsulate the second data frame.
- the relay device uses the second data frame as the payload of the new encapsulated data frame, and adds the identifier of the relay device, the encapsulated data frame control information, and the MAC instruction to the encapsulated data frame.
- the network server needs to forward the encapsulated data frame to a dedicated relay application server for processing.
- the step 201 may include the following sub-steps:
- the first information set includes spreading factor indication information
- the spreading factor indication information is used to instruct the relay device to send to the base station according to the spreading factor corresponding to the spreading factor indication information
- the second data frame is used to instruct the relay device to send to the base station according to the spreading factor corresponding to the spreading factor indication information The second data frame.
- the second data frame may be a data frame used for time synchronization between the terminal and the gateway.
- the terminal sends the time synchronization frame to the gateway through the relay device, and receives the time synchronization response frame sent by the gateway through the relay device.
- the terminal calculates the current calibration time of the terminal by using information such as the time when the gateway sends the frame in the time synchronization response frame and the relay mode receiving window.
- the terminal may specify the relay device to send the time synchronization frame to the gateway by using the specific spreading factor through the spreading factor indication information. This helps the terminal obtain the air interface occupancy time of the time synchronization frame and the time synchronization confirmation frame between the relay device and the gateway, thereby achieving the purpose of time synchronization between the terminal and the gateway.
- Step 202 The relay device receives a second data frame sent by the terminal.
- the second data frame includes a second preamble and a second information set.
- the second data frame is the completion of the relay device. After receiving the first information frame and receiving it after a first time interval, the length of the second preamble is less than the length of the first preamble;
- the first mode is a relay mode.
- the second data frame is a normal frame.
- the second preamble is a normal preamble.
- the second information set is the payload part of the normal frame.
- the relay special frame is used to wake up the relay device. After acquiring the payload part of the special frame, the relay device can obtain information on whether the payload part is encrypted, the count value of the special frame, and The first verification information.
- the relay device can judge the legality of the subsequent ordinary frame according to the special frame part. And when it is judged to be illegal, it refuses to forward subsequent ordinary frames.
- the reasons for judging the illegality may be: 1.
- the relay device judges that the count value of the relay special frame is not greater than the count value of the latest relay special frame recorded by the relay device.
- the relay special frame may include the payload part, or may include only one long preamble.
- the time interval between every two special frames can be a random arbitrary time value.
- multiple normal frames may exist after a relay special frame.
- the relay special frame may include multiple time interval information, and each time interval information corresponds to a time interval between a normal frame and a previous frame.
- a relay special frame is followed by two ordinary frames, namely ordinary frame 1 and ordinary frame 2.
- the payload portion (radio frame body) of the relay special frame includes relay special interval information 1 and relay special interval information 2.
- the relay special interval information 1 represents the interval time between the relay special frame and the normal frame 1 (relay special interval 1).
- the relay special interval information 2 represents the interval time between the normal frame 1 and the normal frame 2 (relay special interval 2).
- Different relay special intervals may have different values. Different relay special intervals can reduce the attacker's chance of attacking ordinary frames at a specific time. Sending multiple normal frames after a relay special frame can effectively improve the efficiency of relay transmission.
- the step 202 may include the following sub-steps:
- the second data frame may be a network access request frame, and the network access request frame is used to request network access.
- the network access request (join request) frame may be a network access request frame of the LoRaWAN protocol standard.
- the relay device can be woken up by the relay special frame before the network access request frame and accept the network access request frame after the first time interval.
- the network access request frame can be regarded as part of the normal frame.
- Step 203 the relay device sends a third data frame to the terminal, and the third data frame is sent by the relay device to the terminal after it is received from the base station.
- the first mode is the relay mode.
- the third data frame is a downlink data frame sent by the server to the terminal.
- the server first sends the downlink data frame to the corresponding base station. After that, the base station sends the data frame to the corresponding relay device. Finally, the relay device sends the downlink data frame to the terminal.
- the base station sends the downlink data frame to the relay device through the first reception time window (RX1 window) and the second reception time window (RX2 window) in the normal mode.
- the relay device transmits the downlink data frame to the terminal through the first reception window (RX1' window) and the second reception window (RX2' window) of the relay mode.
- the receiving delay 1'and receiving delay 2'corresponding to the first receiving window (RX1' window) and the second receiving window (RX2' window) of the relay mode may be the first receiving window (RX1 window) of the normal mode
- the reception delay 1 and the reception delay 2 corresponding to the second reception window (RX2 window) are calculated.
- the RX1' window reception delay 1' may be the RX1 window reception delay 1 plus 2 seconds.
- the reception delay 2'of the RX2' window may be the reception delay 2 of the RX2 window plus 2 seconds.
- the reception delay 1'and the reception delay 2'corresponding to the RX1' and RX2' windows can also be set to fixed lengths, such as 3 seconds and 4 seconds.
- the reception delay 1'and the reception delay 2'corresponding to the RX1' and RX2' windows may also be smaller than the reception delay 1 and the reception delay corresponding to the corresponding RX1 and RX2 windows.
- the invention is not specifically limited.
- the step 203 may include the following sub-steps:
- the third data frame may be a network access confirmation frame, and the network access confirmation frame is used to confirm the network access request of the terminal.
- the network access confirmation (join-accept) frame is a network access confirmation frame of the LoRaWAN protocol standard.
- the relay device receives the network access confirmation frame through the RX1 time window or the RX2 time window in the normal mode. After that, the relay device receives the network access confirmation frame through the RX1' time window or the RX2' time window in the relay mode.
- the step 203 may include the following sub-steps:
- Sub-step S2032 the relay device receives a fourth data frame sent by the terminal, the fourth data frame includes a terminal identifier, and the terminal identifier is used by the relay device to update the white list.
- the fourth data frame may be an information synchronization frame between the terminal and the relay device.
- the terminal identifier may be any one of a terminal extended unique identifier (Device Extended Extended Identifier, DevEUI), a terminal address (DevAddr), or a network access extended unique identifier (Join Extended Extended Unique Identifier, JoinEUI).
- DevEUI Terminal Extended Extended Extended Identifier
- DevAddr terminal address
- JoinEUI a network access extended unique identifier
- the terminal After completing the network access process in the relay mode, the terminal sends an information synchronization frame to the relay device, and the information synchronization frame includes the terminal identification.
- the relay device updates the terminal identification to the white list.
- the white list includes the terminal identification of the terminal that the used relay device thinks can forward the message.
- the relay device After receiving a relay special frame in the relay mode, the relay device parses out the terminal identification in the special frame to determine whether the terminal identification exists in the white list. If the terminal identification exists in the white list, the relay device receives the ordinary frame after the relay special frame, and sends the ordinary frame to the base station. Otherwise, normal frames after relaying special frames are not received.
- the white list can be preset in the relay device.
- the terminal may send at least one of DevEUI and DevAddr to the relay device.
- the relay device updates the corresponding white list.
- the information synchronization frame carrying the terminal identification sent by the terminal to the relay device may be encrypted by the relay key.
- the relay device can use the relay key to decrypt the information synchronization frame first, and then update the white list.
- the whitelist can also be configured through the Media Access Control (MAC) command issued by the network server.
- the network server may issue a whitelist configuration command (WhiteListConfigCommand) to the relay device through the base station.
- the whitelist configuration command includes the terminal identifier that needs to be deleted or the terminal identifier that needs to be added.
- the relay device deletes the corresponding terminal identifier or adds the corresponding terminal identifier according to the configuration command.
- the terminal identifier may be at least one of DevEUI and DevAddr.
- FIG. 7 a device diagram of a terminal embodiment 3 of the present application is shown, which may specifically include the following steps:
- the sending module 1001 is configured to send a first data frame to the relay device in the first mode, the first data frame includes a first preamble and a first information set, and the first preamble is used to wake up the middle Following equipment;
- the terminal sends a network access request frame with a second preamble to the base station. If the terminal can receive the network response frame returned by the base station, the standard network access is successful.
- a LoRa relay device is provided between the terminal and the base station, and the communication between the terminal and the base station can be established through the relay device.
- the terminal is buried underground, 500 meters away from the base station. If the terminal cannot receive the base station signal due to the obstruction of the ground, the relay device can be placed above the ground of the terminal's buried point at this time to play the role of signal relay.
- the relay device as a standard node first accesses the LoRa network according to a standard network access procedure. That is, the relay device first sends a network access request frame with a second preamble to the base station, and then receives a network access response frame returned by the base station. After the standard network connection is successful, the relay device performs an intermittent sleep state to save power consumption.
- the terminal may send a network access request frame with a first preamble to the relay device that has entered the network.
- the preamble is a regular wireless signal used to notify the wireless receiver that the subsequent wireless signal contains valid information.
- both the second preamble and the first preamble are a section of wireless signals before the network access request frame.
- the second preamble is a standard preamble, which is a standard format according to the LoRaWAN protocol.
- the first preamble is a long preamble, and the length of the first preamble is longer than the length of the second preamble.
- the length of the preamble may include the duration.
- Another purpose of the first preamble is to activate the dormant wireless receiver, so its length is longer than that of the second preamble.
- the receiver's sleep period is 4 seconds, and the length of the first preamble must be at least 4 seconds.
- the relay device periodically wakes itself up from the intermittent sleep state. During the wake-up, the relay device detects whether the first preamble of the relay special frame exists. If the first preamble is detected, the relay device activates the data receiving function and receives the payload of the relay special frame after the first preamble.
- the first preamble plus the subsequent payload can be collectively called a relay special frame.
- the first information set may be the payload part of the relay special frame.
- the sending module 1001 is configured to send a second data frame to the relay device in the first mode, the second data frame includes a second preamble and a second information set, and the second data frame is a After the terminal completes sending the first data frame and sends it after a first time interval, the length of the second preamble is less than the length of the first preamble;
- the first mode is a relay mode.
- the second data frame is a normal frame.
- the second preamble is a normal preamble.
- the second information set is the payload part of the normal frame.
- the relay special frame is used to wake up the relay device. After acquiring the payload part of the special frame, the relay device can obtain information on whether the payload part is encrypted, the count value of the special frame, and The first verification information.
- the relay device can judge the legality of the subsequent ordinary frame according to the special frame part. And when it is judged to be illegal, it refuses to forward subsequent ordinary frames.
- the reasons for judging the illegality may be: 1.
- the relay device judges that the count value of the relay special frame is not greater than the count value of the latest relay special frame recorded by the relay device.
- different channels can be used for relay special frames and normal frames.
- relay special frames can be transmitted on channel 1, while normal frames can be transmitted on channel 2.
- the channel information used by the relay special frame and the normal frame can be preset on the terminal and the relay device.
- the relay device and the terminal can update the channel usage information of the relay special frame and the normal frame by receiving the relay channel change information in the MAC instruction.
- the payload portion of the relay special frame may include channel usage information of the normal frame. After receiving the corresponding channel usage information, the terminal can receive the normal frame at the designated channel at the specified time
- the relay special frame may include the payload part, or may include only one long preamble.
- the time interval between every two special frames can be a random arbitrary time value.
- the detection of multiple special frames can be used as the basis for judgment, so that ordinary frames can be better protected.
- multiple special frames can be transmitted using different channels. For example, special frame 1 can use channel 1.
- Special frame 2 can use channel 2.
- the channel usage information of the special frame may be included in the payload portion of the previous special frame.
- multiple normal frames may exist after a relay special frame.
- the relay special frame may include multiple time interval information, and each time interval information corresponds to a time interval between a normal frame and a previous frame.
- a relay special frame is followed by two ordinary frames, namely ordinary frame 1 and ordinary frame 2.
- the payload portion (radio frame body) of the relay special frame includes relay special interval information 1 and relay special interval information 2.
- the relay special interval information 1 represents the interval time between the relay special frame and the normal frame 1 (relay special interval 1).
- the relay special interval information 2 represents the interval time between the normal frame 1 and the normal frame 2 (relay special interval 2).
- Different relay special intervals may have different values. Different relay special intervals can reduce the attacker's chance of attacking ordinary frames at a specific time. Sending multiple normal frames after a relay special frame can effectively improve the efficiency of relay transmission.
- multiple ordinary frames can be transmitted using different channels.
- normal frame 1 can use channel 1.
- Normal frame 2 can use channel 2.
- the channel usage information of the normal frame may be included in the payload portion of the previous normal frame.
- the receiving module 1002 is configured to receive a third data frame sent by the relay device in the first mode, and the third data frame is sent by the relay device to the terminal after being received from the base station.
- the first mode is the relay mode.
- the third data frame is a downlink data frame sent by the server to the terminal.
- the server first sends the downlink data frame to the corresponding base station. After that, the base station sends the data frame to the corresponding relay device. Finally, the relay device sends the downlink data frame to the terminal.
- the base station sends the downlink data frame to the relay device through the first reception time window (RX1 window) and the second reception time window (RX2 window) in the normal mode.
- the relay device transmits the downlink data frame to the terminal through the first reception window (RX1' window) and the second reception window (RX2' window) of the relay mode.
- the receiving delay 1'and receiving delay 2'corresponding to the first receiving window (RX1' window) and the second receiving window (RX2' window) of the relay mode may be the first receiving window (RX1 window) of the normal mode
- the reception delay 1 and the reception delay 2 corresponding to the second reception window (RX2 window) are calculated.
- the RX1' window reception delay 1' may be the RX1 window reception delay 1 plus 2 seconds.
- the reception delay 2'of the RX2' window may be the reception delay 2 of the RX2 window plus 2 seconds.
- the reception delay 1'and the reception delay 2'corresponding to the RX1' and RX2' windows can also be set to fixed lengths, such as 3 seconds and 4 seconds.
- the reception delay 1'and the reception delay 2'corresponding to the RX1' and RX2' windows may also be smaller than the reception delay 1 and the reception delay corresponding to the corresponding RX1 and RX2 windows.
- the invention is not specifically limited.
- the terminal may further include the following modules:
- the processing module 1003 is configured to determine whether to monitor the first reception time window in the second mode according to the first identifier in the first mode after the terminal receives the third data frame sent by the relay device And the second receiving time window.
- the first mode is the relay mode.
- the second mode is the normal mode.
- the first identification may be a normal mode receiving window identification.
- the first identifier is used to enable the terminal to determine whether to monitor the first reception time window and the second reception time window in the normal mode. In some scenarios, the terminal cannot receive the downlink data frame sent by the base station in the first reception time window and the second reception time window in the normal mode. If the terminal is allowed to monitor the first reception time window and the second reception in the normal mode Time windows can cause unnecessary waste of resources. Therefore, it is possible to control the terminal to no longer monitor the reception time window in the normal mode by setting a reception window flag that prohibits reception in the normal mode.
- the network server may use the MAC instruction to change the reception-free normal mode reception window identifier on the terminal.
- the terminal may further include the following modules:
- the processing module 1003 is configured to switch from the first mode to the first mode after the terminal receives the fourth data frame sent by the base station in any reception time window of the second mode in the first mode The second mode.
- the fourth data frame may be a downlink data frame in any form. If the terminal can receive any downlink data frame of the reception time window sent by the base station in the normal mode, it means that the terminal can already communicate with the base station independently. Therefore, the terminal can automatically switch from the relay mode to the normal mode. And when sending upstream data frames, use the common frame format. Optionally, the terminal can switch from the relay mode back to the normal mode after continuously receiving multiple downlink data frames of any time window in the normal mode. By detecting that the downlink data frame in the normal mode is received multiple times and then switching back to the normal mode, the accuracy of the terminal switching back to the normal mode can be increased.
- FIG. 8 shows an apparatus diagram of Embodiment 4 of a relay device of the present application, which may specifically include the following steps:
- the receiving module 1101 is configured to receive a first data frame sent by the terminal, where the first data frame includes a first preamble and a first information set, and the first preamble is used to wake up the relay device;
- the terminal sends a network access request frame with a second preamble to the base station. If the terminal can receive the network response frame returned by the base station, the standard network access is successful.
- a LoRa relay device is provided between the terminal and the base station, and the communication between the terminal and the base station can be established through the relay device.
- the terminal is buried underground, 500 meters away from the base station. If the terminal cannot receive the base station signal due to the obstruction of the ground, the relay device can be placed above the ground of the terminal's buried point at this time to play the role of signal relay.
- the relay device as a standard node first accesses the LoRa network according to a standard network access procedure. That is, the relay device first sends a network access request frame with a second preamble to the base station, and then receives a network access response frame returned by the base station. After the standard network connection is successful, the relay device performs an intermittent sleep state to save power consumption.
- the terminal may send a network access request frame with a first preamble to the relay device that has entered the network.
- the preamble is a regular wireless signal used to notify the wireless receiver that the subsequent wireless signal contains valid information.
- both the second preamble and the first preamble are a section of wireless signals before the network access request frame.
- the second preamble is a standard preamble, which is a standard format according to the LoRaWAN protocol.
- the first preamble is a long preamble, and the length of the first preamble is longer than the length of the second preamble.
- the length of the preamble may include the duration.
- Another purpose of the first preamble is to activate the dormant wireless receiver, so its length is longer than that of the second preamble.
- the receiver's sleep period is 4 seconds, and the length of the first preamble must be at least 4 seconds.
- the relay device periodically wakes itself up from the intermittent sleep state. During the wake-up, the relay device detects whether the first preamble of the relay special frame exists. If the first preamble is detected, the relay device activates the data receiving function and receives the payload of the relay special frame after the first preamble.
- the first preamble plus the subsequent payload can be collectively called a relay special frame.
- the first information set may be the payload part of the relay special frame.
- the receiving module 1101 is configured to receive a second data frame sent by the terminal, where the second data frame includes a second preamble and a second information set. After the first information frame is received after a first time interval, the length of the second preamble is less than the length of the first preamble;
- the first mode is a relay mode.
- the second data frame is a normal frame.
- the second preamble is a normal preamble.
- the second information set is the payload part of the normal frame.
- the relay special frame is used to wake up the relay device. After acquiring the payload part of the special frame, the relay device can obtain information on whether the payload part is encrypted, the count value of the special frame, and The first verification information.
- the relay device can judge the legality of the subsequent ordinary frame according to the special frame part. And when it is judged to be illegal, it refuses to forward subsequent ordinary frames.
- the reasons for judging the illegality may be: 1.
- the relay device judges that the count value of the relay special frame is not greater than the count value of the latest relay special frame recorded by the relay device.
- the relay special frame may include the payload part, or may include only one long preamble.
- the time interval between every two special frames can be a random arbitrary time value.
- multiple normal frames may exist after a relay special frame.
- the relay special frame may include multiple time interval information, and each time interval information corresponds to a time interval between a normal frame and a previous frame.
- a relay special frame is followed by two ordinary frames, namely ordinary frame 1 and ordinary frame 2.
- the payload portion (radio frame body) of the relay special frame includes relay special interval information 1 and relay special interval information 2.
- the relay special interval information 1 represents the interval time between the relay special frame and the normal frame 1 (relay special interval 1).
- the relay special interval information 2 represents the interval time between the normal frame 1 and the normal frame 2 (relay special interval 2).
- Different relay special intervals may have different values. Different relay special intervals can reduce the attacker's chance of attacking ordinary frames at a specific time. Sending multiple normal frames after a relay special frame can effectively improve the efficiency of relay transmission.
- the sending module 1102 is configured to send a third data frame to the terminal, where the third data frame is sent to the terminal after the relay device receives it from the base station.
- the first mode is the relay mode.
- the third data frame is a downlink data frame sent by the server to the terminal.
- the server first sends the downlink data frame to the corresponding base station. After that, the base station sends the data frame to the corresponding relay device. Finally, the relay device sends the downlink data frame to the terminal.
- the base station sends the downlink data frame to the relay device through the first reception time window (RX1 window) and the second reception time window (RX2 window) in the normal mode.
- the relay device transmits the downlink data frame to the terminal through the first reception window (RX1' window) and the second reception window (RX2' window) of the relay mode.
- the receiving delay 1'and receiving delay 2'corresponding to the first receiving window (RX1' window) and the second receiving window (RX2' window) of the relay mode may be the first receiving window (RX1 window) of the normal mode
- the reception delay 1 and the reception delay 2 corresponding to the second reception window (RX2 window) are calculated.
- the RX1' window reception delay 1' may be the RX1 window reception delay 1 plus 2 seconds.
- the reception delay 2'of the RX2' window may be the reception delay 2 of the RX2 window plus 2 seconds.
- the reception delay 1'and the reception delay 2'corresponding to the RX1' and RX2' windows can also be set to fixed lengths, such as 3 seconds and 4 seconds.
- the reception delay 1'and the reception delay 2'corresponding to the RX1' and RX2' windows may also be smaller than the reception delay 1 and the reception delay corresponding to the corresponding RX1 and RX2 windows.
- the invention is not specifically limited.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of communication between the terminal and the base station in the embodiment of the present application.
- the relay device sends a network access request frame to the base station.
- the network access request frame is a standard network access request frame.
- the relay device receives the network access confirmation frame sent by the base station, and the network access confirmation frame is a standard network access confirmation frame.
- the terminal sends a network access request frame with a normal length preamble in normal mode, but does not receive a network access confirmation frame, and the standard network access process fails.
- the terminal switches to the relay mode, and transmits the relay special frame.
- the relay special frame has characteristics such as a special signal phase and a special frame length, and the repeater can recognize the special frame through the characteristic.
- the special frame can carry relay special interval information, verification information of subsequent ordinary frames, frame sequence number, security mechanism identification, and so on.
- the terminal waits for the relay special interval after sending the relay special frame, and then sends the subsequent ordinary frame.
- this ordinary frame is a network access request frame.
- the relay device recognizes the relay special frame, and receives the subsequent network access request frame (normal frame), and forwards the network access request frame to the base station.
- the relay device receives the network access confirmation frame of the base station.
- the relay device forwards the network confirmation frame to the node's relay mode receiving window.
- the terminal node successfully connected to the network.
- the terminal can send its own DevAddr information to the repeater, and the repeater updates its white list accordingly.
- the terminal sends a relay special frame.
- the relay special frame has characteristics such as a special signal phase and a special frame length.
- the repeater can recognize the special frame through the characteristic.
- the special frame can carry relay special interval information, verification information of subsequent ordinary frames, frame sequence number, security mechanism identification, and so on.
- the terminal waits for the relay special interval after sending the relay special frame, and then sends the subsequent ordinary frame.
- the relay device recognizes the relay special frame, and receives the subsequent uplink data frame (normal frame), and forwards the uplink data frame to the base station.
- the relay device receives the downlink data frame of the base station.
- the relay device forwards the downlink data frame to the terminal's ultimate mode receive window.
- the uplink and downlink communication of the terminal is successful.
- the description is relatively simple, and the relevant part can be referred to the description of the method embodiment.
- An embodiment of the present application also provides an apparatus, including:
- One or more processors are One or more processors.
- One or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the apparatus to execute the method described in the embodiments of the present application.
- An embodiment of the present application further provides one or more machine-readable media on which instructions are stored, and when executed by one or more processors, causes the apparatus to execute the method described in the embodiment of the present application.
- the embodiments of the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, devices, or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the embodiments of the present application may take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code.
- computer usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
- each flow and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram and a combination of the flow and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram may be implemented by computer program instructions.
- These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device Means for generating the functions specified in a block or blocks of a flowchart or a flow and/or a block diagram.
- These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, which The instruction device implements the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks of the flowchart one flow or multiple flows and/or block diagrams.
- These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, so that a series of operation steps are performed on the computer or other programmable terminal device to generate computer-implemented processing, so that the computer or other programmable terminal device
- the instructions executed above provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks of the flowchart one flow or multiple flows and/or block diagrams.
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Abstract
本申请实施例提供了一种终端与基站的通信方法和装置,所述终端与基站的通信包括:所述终端在第一模式下向中继设备发送第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;所述终端在所述第一模式下向所述中继设备发送第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述终端在完成发送所述第一数据帧并经历第一时间间隔后发送的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;所述终端在所述第一模式下接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。本申请实施例可以有效地扩大网络的覆盖范围。
Description
本申请要求2019年01月03日递交的申请号为201910005659.9、发明名称为“一种终端与基站的通信方法和装置”,以及,2019年01月22日递交的申请号为201910059207.9、发明名称为“一种终端与基站的通信方法和装置”中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及通信技术领域,特别是涉及一种终端与基站的通信方法、一种终端与基站的通信装置。
物联网技术是继计算机和互联网之后的第三次信息技术革命,具有实时性和交互性等优点,已经被广泛应用于城市管理、数字家庭、定位导航、物流管理、安保系统等多个领域。其中,LoRa是物联网中一种基于扩频技术的超远距离传输方案,具有传输距离远、低功耗、多节点和低成本等特性。
现有的数据传输方法中,LoRa网络中通常包括终端、基站和服务器。
一般情况下,终端的上行信号直接被基站所接收,基站的下行信号也会直接被终端所接收。但是在有些情况下,基站和终端的信号由于衰减而无法相互到达对方。例如,终端被安装在地下,信号强度会衰减,使得基站和终端之间无法通信。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题,提出了本申请实施例以便提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的一种终端与基站的通信方法、一种终端与基站的通信装置。
为了解决上述问题,本申请实施例公开了一种终端与基站的通信方法,包括:
所述终端在第一模式下向中继设备发送第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;
所述终端在所述第一模式下向所述中继设备发送第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述终端在完成发送所述第一数据帧并经历第一时间间隔后发送的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;
所述终端在所述第一模式下接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧 是所述中继设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
优选的,还包括:
所述第三数据帧可以是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
优选的,还包括:
所述第二数据帧可以是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
优选的,所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,还包括:
所述终端向所述中继设备发送第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于使得所述中继设备更新白名单。
优选的,所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,还包括:
所述终端在所述第一模式下根据第一标识判断是否监听所述第二模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口。
本申请实施例还公开了一种终端与基站的通信方法,包括:
中继设备接收所述终端发送的第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第 一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;
所述中继设备接收所述终端发送的第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述中继设备在完成接收所述第一信息帧并经历第一时间间隔后接收的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;
所述中继设备向所述终端发送第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
优选的,还包括:
所述第三数据帧可以是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
优选的,还包括:
所述第二数据帧可以是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
优选的,所述中继设备向所述终端发送第三数据帧之后,还包括:
所述中继设备接收所述终端发送的第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于使得所述中继设备更新白名单。
本申请实施例还公开了一种终端,包括:
发送模块,用于在第一模式下向中继设备发送第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;
发送模块,用于在所述第一模式下向所述中继设备发送第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述终端在完成发送所述第一数据帧并经历第一时间间隔后发送的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;
接收模块,用于在所述第一模式下接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
优选的,还包括:
所述第三数据帧可以是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
优选的,还包括:
所述第二数据帧可以是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
优选的,还包括:
位于所述终端的发送模块,用于在所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,向所述中继设备发送第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于使得所述中继设备更新白名单。
优选的,还包括:
位于所述终端的处理模块,用于在所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,在所述第一模式下根据第一标识判断是否监听所述第二模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口。
优选的,还包括:
位于所述终端的处理模块,用于在所述终端在所述第一模式下在所述第二模式的任意一个接收时间窗口接收到所述基站发送的第四数据帧后,从所述第一模式切换到所述第二模式。
本申请实施例还公开了一种中继设备,包括:
接收模块,用于接收所述终端发送的第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;
接收模块,用于接收所述终端发送的第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述中继设备在完成接收所述第一信息帧并经历第一时间间隔后接收的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;
发送模块,用于向所述终端发送第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
优选的,还包括:
所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
优选的,还包括:
所述第三数据帧可以是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
优选的,还包括:
所述第二数据帧可以是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
优选的,还包括:
位于所述中继设备的接收模块,用于在所述中继设备向所述终端发送第三数据帧之后,接收所述终端发送的第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于使得所述中继设备更新白名单。
本申请实施例还公开了一种装置,包括:
一个或多个处理器;和
其上存储有指令的一个或多个机器可读介质,当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时,使得所述装置执行如上所述的一个或多个的方法。
本申请实施例还公开了一个或多个机器可读介质,其上存储有指令,当由一个或多个处理器执行时,使得装置执行如权上所述的一个或多个的方法。
本申请实施例包括以下优点:
在本申请实施例中,终端可以通过向中继设备发送带有第一前导码的入网请求帧,由中继设备将入网请求帧转发给基站,再由中继设备将基站返回的入网响应帧发送给终端,完成终端的入网过程。
终端通过中继设备入网后,终端可以通过向中继设备发送带有第一前导码的上行数据帧,由中继设备将上行数据帧转发给基站,再由中继设备将基站返回的下行数据帧发送给终端,完成终端与基站的通信过程。
本申请实施例中,终端可以通过中继设备入网,并与基站通信。本申请实施例中没有改变终端的LoRaWAN无线帧格式,仅仅加长了前导码的长度。这样的中继设备没有采用私有的帧结构,而是与LoRaWAN标准高度兼容,为各厂商统一LoRa中继标准提 供了保障。
图1是本申请的一种终端与基站的通信方法实施例1的步骤流程图;
图2是本申请的一种终端与基站的通信方法实施例2的步骤流程图;
图3是本申请的中继模式下无线帧的传输机制示意图;
图4是本申请正常模式以及中继模式下的接收窗口示意图;
图5是本申请的中继模式下无线帧的另一种传输机制示意图;
图6是本申请实施例中终端与基站的通信流程图;
图7是本申请的一种终端实施例3的装置图;
图8是本申请的一种中继设备实施例4的装置图;
图9是本申请第一信息集的消息结构图。
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。
LoRa网络由终端节点、基站节点和服务器组成。终端具有LoRa网络连接能力,并接入该LoRa网络。根据该LoRa网络所部署的应用场景的不同,该终端可以包括不同的电子设备,比如,在该LoRa网络应用于城市管理中时,该终端可以包括智能电表;在该LoRa网络应用于数字家庭中时,该终端可以包括各种智能家电等等。
基站,在LoRa网络中又称为网关或者集中器,具有无线连接汇聚功能,包括终端提供接入LoRa网络的入口,对来自服务器或终端的数据进行转发,实现该终端与该服务器之间的数据交互。当然,基站也能够与处于该基站的信号覆盖范围内的其它基站通过传输无线帧的方式进行数据交互。
服务器可以包括一个服务器或者服务器集群,用于根据从基站或终端获取到的数据进行业务处理,以及对该基站或该终端的工作模式和工作状态进行控制。
本申请实施例的核心构思之一在于,在终端和基站之间设置LoRa中继设备,通过LoRa中继设备建立终端与基站之间的通信。
以下,首先从终端的角度介绍终端与基站的通信流程。
参照图1,示出了本申请的一种终端与基站的通信方法实施例1的步骤流程图,具 体可以包括如下步骤:
步骤101,所述终端在第一模式下向中继设备发送第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;
在标准的入网过程中,终端会向基站发送带有第二前导码的入网请求帧,如果终端能接收到基站返回的入网响应帧,则标准入网成功。
但是当终端与基站之间的相互的信号强度不够时,终端发送的入网请求帧无法到达基站,或基站返回的入网响应帧无法到达终端,则标准入网失败。
本申请实施例中在终端和基站之间设置有LoRa中继设备,可以通过中继设备建立终端与基站之间的通信。
例如,终端埋在地下,距离基站500米。如果终端因为地面的阻碍无法接收到基站信号,这时可以把中继设备放在终端的埋设点的地面上方,起到信号中继的作用。
在本申请实施例中,中继设备作为标准节点首先按标准的入网流程接入LoRa网络。即中继设备首先向基站发送带有第二前导码的入网请求帧,然后接收基站返回的入网响应帧。在标准入网成功后,中继设备进行间歇性休眠状态以节省功耗。
当终端标准入网流程失败时,终端可以向已入网的中继设备发送带有第一前导码的入网请求帧。
前导码是一段规则的无线信号,用以通知无线接收者后面的无线信号含有有效信息。
在本申请实施例中,第二前导码和第一前导码都是入网请求帧前的一段无线信号。
第二前导码为标准前导码,是按LoRaWAN协议规定的标准格式的前导码。第一前导码为长前导码,第一前导码的长度比第二前导码的长度要长。前导码的长度可以包括时长。
第一前导码的另一个目的是激活休眠的无线接收者,所以它的长度比第二前导码的长度更长。比如接收者的休眠周期是4秒,那第一前导码的长度至少要有4秒。
在本申请实施例中,中继设备从间歇性休眠状态周期性地自我唤醒,在唤醒时,中继设备检测是否存在中继特殊帧的第一前导码。若检测到第一前导码,则中继设备激活数据接收功能,接收第一前导码之后的中继特殊帧的有效载荷。第一前导码加上后面有效载荷可以统称为中继特殊帧。第一信息集可以是中继特殊帧的载荷部分。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤101可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1011,所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
具体地,第一信息集可以是中继特殊帧的载荷(payload)部分。第一时间间隔信息为中继特殊帧以及后续的普通帧之间的时间间隔。第一时间间隔可以是随机的。例如,终端收到第一信息集中的时间间隔信息,并且解析出时间间隔信息的值为10ms。则终端在完成接收中继特殊帧后的10ms后,打开接收窗口接收后续的正常帧。可选的,第一时间间隔可以由中继密钥加密。中继密钥可以以预置在终端以及中继设备中。中继密钥也可以是动态生成的。例如,中继密钥可以通过终端的根密钥衍生出来。用来衍生中继密钥的根密钥可以是网络密钥(NwkKey)或者是应用密钥(AppKey)。终端衍生出中继密钥之后,通过中继设备向网络服务器发送用中继密钥加密的上行数据帧。中继设备在转发终端的上行数据帧时,将数据帧进行封装,封装后的上行数据帧包括中继设备的标识。网络服务器通过基站接收到中继设备发送的封装后的数据帧,通过终端标识确定对应的根密钥,并且衍生出中继密钥。之后,网络服务器通过基站将中继密钥发送给中继设备。可选的,终端在发送上行数据帧时,可以携带一个根密钥标识,根密钥标识用来使得网络服务器确定衍生中继密钥所使用的根密钥,例如根密钥标识可以代表网络密钥(NwkKey),也可以代表应用密钥(AppKey)。通过引入中继密钥,终端可以解密第一信息集并且解析第一时间间隔信息。并且在等待第一时间间隔后,打开接收时间窗接收正常帧。
通过实现时间间隔的随机化,可以防止攻击者在获知时间间隔信息之后,在指定时间点发送数据帧干扰普通帧。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤101可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1012,所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
具体地,安全机制指示标识可以指示中继特殊帧的载荷部分是否是加密的。安全机制指示标识本身是不加密的。例如,安全机制指示标识为1时,代表中继特殊帧的载荷部分由中继密钥加密。安全机制指示标识为0时,代表中继特殊帧的载荷部分没有加密。终端可以根据安全机制指示标识来确认中继特殊帧载荷部分的安全等级。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤101可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1013,所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
具体地,第一信息集中的计数值主要用来防止攻击者针对中继特殊帧的重放攻击。终端接收到计数值后,会和之前记录的最新的计数值进行比较。如果终端收到的中继特 殊帧中的计数值大于终端记录的计数值,则终端接收该中继特殊帧。如果终端收到的中继特殊帧中的计数值不大于终端记录的计数值。则终端丢弃该中继特殊帧。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤101可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1014,所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
具体地,第二信息集是中继特殊帧之后的普通帧的载荷(payload)部分。
第一验证信息可以是针对第二信息集的消息验证码(Message Integrity Code,MIC)。消息验证码可以是通过中继密钥计算得到的。中级设备接收到消息验证码以及之后的普通帧后,可以验证消息验证码。如果验证成功,则中继设备将该普通帧转发给基站。如果验证失败,则中继设备丢弃该普通帧。可选的,第一验证信息也可以是针对第二信息集的签名信息。中继设备可以根据普通帧来验证签名信息。如果验证成功,则中继设备将该普通帧转发给基站。如果验证失败,则中继设备丢弃该普通帧。
增加验证信息可以有效地防止中级设备转发攻击者发送的非法数据帧。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤101可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1015,所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
具体地,封装指示标识可以用来指示中继设备是否可以对第二数据帧做封装处理。中继设备将第二数据帧作为新的封装数据帧的有效载荷,并且在封装数据帧中添加中继设备的标识、封装数据帧控制信息以及MAC指令。网络服务器需要封装数据帧转发给专门的中继应用服务器进行处理。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤101可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1016,所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
具体地,第二数据帧可以是用于进行终端与网关之间时间同步的数据帧。终端通过中继设备向网关发送时间同步帧,并且通过中继设备接收到网关发送的时间同步响应帧。终端通过时间同步响应帧中携带的网关发送该帧时的时间信息以及中继模式接收窗口等信息计算终端当前的校准时间。终端可以通过扩频因子指示信息来指定中继设备用特定的扩频因子向网关发送时间同步帧。这样有助于终端得到中继设备与网关之间传递时间同步帧以及时间同步确认帧的空口占用时间,进而实现终端与网关之间时间同步的目的。
图9展示了中继特殊帧的有效载荷部分的信息结构。第一时间间隔信息在有中继密钥加密以及没有中继密钥加密的两种情况下都存在。第一验证信息用于验证第二数据帧中的第二信息集的完整性。第二验证信息用于验证第一数据帧中的第一信息集的完整性。当没有中继密钥加密时,第一信息集中可以没有第一验证信息以及第二验证信息,但可以包括第一时间间隔信息,封装指示标识以及扩频因子指示信息。
步骤102,所述终端在所述第一模式下向所述中继设备发送第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述终端在完成发送所述第一数据帧并经历第一时间间隔后发送的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;
具体地,所述第一模式为中继模式。第二数据帧为正常帧。第二前导码为正常的前导码。第二信息集为正常帧的载荷部分。如图3所示,中继特殊帧用于唤醒中继设备,中继设备获取特殊帧的载荷部分后,可以获取到载荷部分是否加密的信息、特殊帧的计数值以及针对第二信息集的第一验证信息。中继设备可以根据特殊帧部分判断后续普通帧的合法性。并且在判断不合法的情况下,拒绝转发后续的普通帧。判断不合法的原因可以是:1.中继设备判断中继特殊帧的计数值不大于中继设备记录的最新的中继特殊帧的计数值。
可选的,中继特殊帧和普通帧可以使用不同的信道。例如,中继特殊帧可以在信道1中进行传输,而普通帧可以在信道2中进行传输。中继特殊帧以及普通帧使用的信道信息可以预置在终端以及中继设备上。中继设备和终端可以通过接收MAC指令中的中继信道变更信息来更新中继特殊帧以及普通帧的信道使用信息。可选的,中继特殊帧的载荷部分可以包括普通帧的信道使用信息。终端在接收到相应的信道使用信息后可以在指定时间的制定信道来接收普通帧
可选的,在普通帧之前可以有多个中继特殊帧。中继特殊帧可以包括载荷部分,也可以只包括一个长前导码。每两个特殊帧之间的时间间隔可以是一个随机任意的时间值。多个中继特殊帧存在的情况下,可以以检测多个特殊帧作为判断依据,可以更好地保护普通帧。可选的,多个特殊帧可以使用不同的信道进行传输。例如,特殊帧1可以使用信道1。特殊帧2可以使用信道2。特殊帧的信道使用信息可以包含在前一个特殊帧的有效载荷部分。
可选的,一个中继特殊帧之后也可以存在多个普通帧。中继特殊帧中可以包括多个时间间隔信息,每个时间间隔信息对应一个普通帧和前帧之间的时间间隔。由图5所示, 一个中继特殊帧之后带有两个普通帧,分别是普通帧1以及普通帧2。中继特殊帧的载荷部分(无线帧主体)中包括中继特殊间隔信息1以及中继特殊间隔信息2。中继特殊间隔信息1代表了中继特殊帧以及普通帧1之间的间隔时间(中继特殊间隔1)。中继特殊间隔信息2代表了普通帧1和普通帧2之间的间隔时间(中继特殊间隔2)。不同的中继特殊间隔可以是不同的值。不同的中继特殊间隔可以减低攻击者在特定时间攻击普通帧的几率。一个中继特殊帧之后发送多个普通帧,可以有效地提高中继传输的效率。
可选的,多个普通帧可以使用不同的信道进行传输。例如,普通帧1可以使用信道1。普通帧2可以使用信道2。普通帧的信道使用信息可以包含在前一个普通帧的有效载荷部分。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤102可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1021,所述第二数据帧可以是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
具体地,入网请求(join request)帧可以是LoRaWAN协议标准的入网请求帧。中继设备可以通过入网请求帧之前的中继特殊帧被唤醒,并且接受第一时间间隔以后的入网请求帧。在此步骤中,入网请求帧可以被当作是普通帧的一部分。
步骤103,所述终端在所述第一模式下接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
具体地,第一模式为中继模式。第三数据帧为服务器向终端发送的下行数据帧。服务器首先将下行数据帧发给对应的基站。之后,基站将数据帧发送给对应的中继设备。最后,由中继设备将下行数据帧发送给终端。
由图4所示,基站通过正常模式的第一接收时间窗口(RX1窗口)以及第二接收时间窗口(RX2窗口)将下行数据帧发送给中继设备。中继设备通过中继模式的第一接收窗口(RX1’窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2’窗口)将下行数据帧发送给终端。中继模式的第一接收窗口(RX1’窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2’窗口)对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’可以是由正常模式的第一接收窗口(RX1窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2窗口)对应的接收延时1以及接收延时2计算得来。例如,RX1’窗口的接收延时1’可以是RX1窗口的接收延时1加上2秒。同样的,RX2’窗口的接收延时2’可以是RX2窗口的接收延时2加上2秒。可选的,RX1’以及RX2’窗口对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’也可以设置为定长,例如3秒以及4秒。可选的,RX1’以及RX2’窗口对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’也可以小于对应的RX1以及RX2窗口对应的接收 延时1以及接收延时。本发明不做具体限定。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤103可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1031,所述第三数据帧可以是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
具体地,入网确认(join-accept)帧为LoRaWAN协议标准的入网确认帧。中继设备通过普通模式下的RX1时间窗口或者RX2时间窗口接收入网确认帧。之后,中继设备通过中继模式下的RX1’时间窗口或者RX2’时间窗口接收入网确认帧。
在本申请实施例中,所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,还包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1032,所述终端向所述中继设备发送第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于使得所述中继设备更新白名单。
具体地,所述第四数据帧可以是终端和中继设备之间的信息同步帧。终端标识可以是终端扩展唯一标识符(Device Extended Unique Identifier,DevEUI)、终端地址(DevAddr)或者入网扩展唯一标识符(Join Extended Unique Identifier,JoinEUI)中的任意一个。终端在完成中继模式下的入网过程后,向中继设备发送一个信息同步帧,信息同步帧中包括终端标识。中继设备将该终端标识更新到白名单中。白名单中包括所用中继设备认为可以转发消息的终端的终端标识。中继设备在中继模式下接收到一个中继特殊帧后,解析出特殊帧中的终端标识,判断该终端标识是否存在于白名单中。如果该终端标识存在于白名单中,则中继设备接收中继特殊帧之后的普通帧,并且向基站发送该普通帧。否则,不接收中继特殊帧之后的普通帧。白名单可以预置在中继设备中。
可选的,终端在中继模式下收到入网响应帧后,可以将DevEUI以及DevAddr中的至少一个发送给中继设备。由中继设备来更新对应的白名单。可选的,终端向中继设备发送的携带有终端标识的信息同步帧可以被中继密钥加密。中继设备可以先用中继密钥解密信息同步帧,并在之后更新白名单。可选的,白名单也可以通过网络服务器下发的介质访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)命令来配置。例如,网络服务器可以通过基站向中继设备下发白名单配置命令(WhiteListConfig Command)。白名单配置命令中包括需要删除的终端标识或者是需要添加的终端标识。中继设备收到白名单配置命令后,根据配置命令来删除相应的终端标识,或者添加相应的终端标识。所述终端标识可以是DevEUI以及DevAddr之中的至少一个。
可选的,中继特殊帧的载荷部分可以携带终端标识。终端标识可以是DevAddr或者 DevEUI或者joinEUI,中继设备可以通过终端发送的中继特殊帧中的标识(DevAddr或者DevEUI)来提前判断可以转发该终端的数据帧。通过此机制可以提高白名单过滤的效率。
在本申请实施例中,所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,还包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1033,所述终端在所述第一模式下根据第一标识判断是否监听所述第二模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口。
具体地,第一模式为中继模式。第二模式为正常模式。第一标识可以是禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识。第一标识用来使得终端判断是否监听正常模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口。在某些场景下,终端无法在正常模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口接收到基站发送的下行数据帧,如果让终端监听正常模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口会造成不必要的资源浪费。因此,可以通过设置一个禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识来控制终端不再监听正常模式下的接收时间窗口。例如,禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识置1时,终端将不再监听正常模式下的任何接收时间窗口。当禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识置9时,终端监听正常模式下的任何接收时间窗口。可选的,网络服务器可以用MAC指令来更改终端上的禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤103可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S1034,若所述终端在所述第一模式下在所述第二模式的任意一个接收时间窗口接收到所述基站发送的第四数据帧,则所述终端从所述第一模式切换到所述第二模式。
具体地,第四数据帧可以是任意形式的下行数据帧。如果终端能够接收到正常模式下,由基站发送的任意一个接收时间窗口的下行数据帧,则说明终端已经可以独立与基站进行通信。因此,终端可以自动由中继模式切换为普通模式。并且在发送上行数据帧时,使用普通帧格式。可选的,终端可以在连续接收多个正常模式下任意接收时间窗口的下行数据帧后,由中继模式切换回普通模式。通过检测多次收到正常模式下的下行数据帧之后再切换回普通模式,可以增加终端切换回正常模式的准确率。
本申请实施例中,终端通过长前导码机制唤醒中继设备,并且通过中继设备将上行数据帧发送到基站。同时,终端也可以通过中继设备获取基站发送的下行数据帧,可以有效地扩大网络的覆盖范围。
参照图2,示出了本申请的一种终端与基站的通信方法实施例2的步骤流程图,具体可以包括如下步骤:
步骤201,中继设备接收所述终端发送的第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;
在标准的入网过程中,终端会向基站发送带有第二前导码的入网请求帧,如果终端能接收到基站返回的入网响应帧,则标准入网成功。
但是当终端与基站之间的相互的信号强度不够时,终端发送的入网请求帧无法到达基站,或基站返回的入网响应帧无法到达终端,则标准入网失败。
本申请实施例中在终端和基站之间设置有LoRa中继设备,可以通过中继设备建立终端与基站之间的通信。
例如,终端埋在地下,距离基站500米。如果终端因为地面的阻碍无法接收到基站信号,这时可以把中继设备放在终端的埋设点的地面上方,起到信号中继的作用。
在本申请实施例中,中继设备作为标准节点首先按标准的入网流程接入LoRa网络。即中继设备首先向基站发送带有第二前导码的入网请求帧,然后接收基站返回的入网响应帧。在标准入网成功后,中继设备进行间歇性休眠状态以节省功耗。
当终端标准入网流程失败时,终端可以向已入网的中继设备发送带有第一前导码的入网请求帧。
前导码是一段规则的无线信号,用以通知无线接收者后面的无线信号含有有效信息。
在本申请实施例中,第二前导码和第一前导码都是入网请求帧前的一段无线信号。
第二前导码为标准前导码,是按LoRaWAN协议规定的标准格式的前导码。第一前导码为长前导码,第一前导码的长度比第二前导码的长度要长。前导码的长度可以包括时长。
第一前导码的另一个目的是激活休眠的无线接收者,所以它的长度比第二前导码的长度更长。比如接收者的休眠周期是4秒,那第一前导码的长度至少要有4秒。
在本申请实施例中,中继设备从间歇性休眠状态周期性地自我唤醒,在唤醒时,中继设备检测是否存在中继特殊帧的第一前导码。若检测到第一前导码,则中继设备激活数据接收功能,接收第一前导码之后的中继特殊帧的有效载荷。第一前导码加上后面有效载荷可以统称为中继特殊帧。第一信息集可以是中继特殊帧的载荷部分。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤201可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S2011,所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用 于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
具体地,第一信息集可以是中继特殊帧的载荷(payload)部分。第一时间间隔信息为中继特殊帧以及后续的普通帧之间的时间间隔。第一时间间隔可以是随机的。例如,终端收到第一信息集中的时间间隔信息,并且解析出时间间隔信息的值为10ms。则终端在完成接收中继特殊帧后的10ms后,打开接收窗口接收后续的正常帧。可选的,第一时间间隔可以由中继密钥加密。中继密钥可以以预置在终端以及中继设备中。中继密钥也可以是动态生成的。例如,中继密钥可以通过终端的根密钥衍生出来。用来衍生中继密钥的根密钥可以是网络密钥(NwkKey)或者是应用密钥(AppKey)。终端衍生出中继密钥之后,通过中继设备向网络服务器发送用中继密钥加密的上行数据帧。中继设备在转发终端的上行数据帧时,将数据帧进行封装,封装后的上行数据帧包括中继设备的标识。网络服务器通过基站接收到中继设备发送的封装后的数据帧,通过终端标识确定对应的根密钥,并且衍生出中继密钥。之后,网络服务器通过基站将中继密钥发送给中继设备。可选的,终端在发送上行数据帧时,可以携带一个根密钥标识,根密钥标识用来使得网络服务器确定衍生中继密钥所使用的根密钥,例如根密钥标识可以代表网络密钥(NwkKey),也可以代表应用密钥(AppKey)。通过引入中继密钥,终端可以解密第一信息集并且解析第一时间间隔信息。并且在等待第一时间间隔后,打开接收时间窗接收正常帧。
通过实现时间间隔的随机化,可以防止攻击者在获知时间间隔信息之后,在指定时间点发送数据帧干扰普通帧。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤201可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S2012,所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
具体地,安全机制指示标识可以指示中继特殊帧的载荷部分是否是加密的。安全机制指示标识本身是不加密的。例如,安全机制指示标识为1时,代表中继特殊帧的载荷部分由中继密钥加密。安全机制指示标识为0时,代表中继特殊帧的载荷部分没有加密。终端可以根据安全机制指示标识来确认中继特殊帧载荷部分的安全等级。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤201可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S2013,所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
具体地,第一信息集中的计数值主要用来防止攻击者针对中继特殊帧的重放攻击。 终端接收到计数值后,会和之前记录的最新的计数值进行比较。如果终端收到的中继特殊帧中的计数值大于终端记录的计数值,则终端接收该中继特殊帧。如果终端收到的中继特殊帧中的计数值不大于终端记录的计数值。则终端丢弃该中继特殊帧。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤201可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S2014,所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
具体地,第二信息集是中继特殊帧之后的普通帧的载荷(payload)部分。
第一验证信息可以是针对第二信息集的消息验证码(Message Integrity Code,MIC)。消息验证码可以是通过中继密钥计算得到的。中级设备接收到消息验证码以及之后的普通帧后,可以验证消息验证码。如果验证成功,则中继设备将该普通帧转发给基站。如果验证失败,则中继设备丢弃该普通帧。可选的,第一验证信息也可以是针对第二信息集的签名信息。中继设备可以根据普通帧来验证签名信息。如果验证成功,则中继设备将该普通帧转发给基站。如果验证失败,则中继设备丢弃该普通帧。
增加验证信息可以有效地防止中级设备转发攻击者发送的非法数据帧。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤201可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S2015,所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
具体地,封装指示标识可以用来指示中继设备是否可以对第二数据帧做封装处理。中继设备将第二数据帧作为新的封装数据帧的有效载荷,并且在封装数据帧中添加中继设备的标识、封装数据帧控制信息以及MAC指令。网络服务器需要封装数据帧转发给专门的中继应用服务器进行处理。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤201可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S2016,所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
具体地,第二数据帧可以是用于进行终端与网关之间时间同步的数据帧。终端通过中继设备向网关发送时间同步帧,并且通过中继设备接收到网关发送的时间同步响应帧。终端通过时间同步响应帧中携带的网关发送该帧时的时间信息以及中继模式接收窗口等信息计算终端当前的校准时间。终端可以通过扩频因子指示信息来指定中继设备用特定的扩频因子向网关发送时间同步帧。这样有助于终端得到中继设备与网关之间传递时间 同步帧以及时间同步确认帧的空口占用时间,进而实现终端与网关之间时间同步的目的。
步骤202,所述中继设备接收所述终端发送的第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述中继设备在完成接收所述第一信息帧并经历第一时间间隔后接收的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;
具体地,所述第一模式为中继模式。第二数据帧为正常帧。第二前导码为正常的前导码。第二信息集为正常帧的载荷部分。如图3所示,中继特殊帧用于唤醒中继设备,中继设备获取特殊帧的载荷部分后,可以获取到载荷部分是否加密的信息、特殊帧的计数值以及针对第二信息集的第一验证信息。中继设备可以根据特殊帧部分判断后续普通帧的合法性。并且在判断不合法的情况下,拒绝转发后续的普通帧。判断不合法的原因可以是:1.中继设备判断中继特殊帧的计数值不大于中继设备记录的最新的中继特殊帧的计数值。
可选的,在普通帧之前可以有多个中继特殊帧。中继特殊帧可以包括载荷部分,也可以只包括一个长前导码。每两个特殊帧之间的时间间隔可以是一个随机任意的时间值。多个中继特殊帧存在的情况下,可以以检测多个特殊帧作为判断依据,可以更好地保护普通帧。
可选的,一个中继特殊帧之后也可以存在多个普通帧。中继特殊帧中可以包括多个时间间隔信息,每个时间间隔信息对应一个普通帧和前帧之间的时间间隔。由图5所示,一个中继特殊帧之后带有两个普通帧,分别是普通帧1以及普通帧2。中继特殊帧的载荷部分(无线帧主体)中包括中继特殊间隔信息1以及中继特殊间隔信息2。中继特殊间隔信息1代表了中继特殊帧以及普通帧1之间的间隔时间(中继特殊间隔1)。中继特殊间隔信息2代表了普通帧1和普通帧2之间的间隔时间(中继特殊间隔2)。不同的中继特殊间隔可以是不同的值。不同的中继特殊间隔可以减低攻击者在特定时间攻击普通帧的几率。一个中继特殊帧之后发送多个普通帧,可以有效地提高中继传输的效率。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤202可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S2021,所述第二数据帧可以是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
具体地,入网请求(join request)帧可以是LoRaWAN协议标准的入网请求帧。中继设备可以通过入网请求帧之前的中继特殊帧被唤醒,并且接受第一时间间隔以后的入网请求帧。在此步骤中,入网请求帧可以被当作是普通帧的一部分。
步骤203,所述中继设备向所述终端发送第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继 设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
具体地,第一模式为中继模式。第三数据帧为服务器向终端发送的下行数据帧。服务器首先将下行数据帧发给对应的基站。之后,基站将数据帧发送给对应的中继设备。最后,由中继设备将下行数据帧发送给终端。
由图4所示,基站通过正常模式的第一接收时间窗口(RX1窗口)以及第二接收时间窗口(RX2窗口)将下行数据帧发送给中继设备。中继设备通过中继模式的第一接收窗口(RX1’窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2’窗口)将下行数据帧发送给终端。中继模式的第一接收窗口(RX1’窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2’窗口)对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’可以是由正常模式的第一接收窗口(RX1窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2窗口)对应的接收延时1以及接收延时2计算得来。例如,RX1’窗口的接收延时1’可以是RX1窗口的接收延时1加上2秒。同样的,RX2’窗口的接收延时2’可以是RX2窗口的接收延时2加上2秒。可选的,RX1’以及RX2’窗口对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’也可以设置为定长,例如3秒以及4秒。可选的,RX1’以及RX2’窗口对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’也可以小于对应的RX1以及RX2窗口对应的接收延时1以及接收延时。本发明不做具体限定。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤203可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S2031,所述第三数据帧可以是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
具体地,入网确认(join-accept)帧为LoRaWAN协议标准的入网确认帧。中继设备通过普通模式下的RX1时间窗口或者RX2时间窗口接收入网确认帧。之后,中继设备通过中继模式下的RX1’时间窗口或者RX2’时间窗口接收入网确认帧。
在本申请实施例中,所述步骤203可以包括如下子步骤:
子步骤S2032,所述中继设备接收所述终端发送的第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于所述中继设备更新白名单。
具体地,所述第四数据帧可以是终端和中继设备之间的信息同步帧。终端标识可以是终端扩展唯一标识符(Device Extended Unique Identifier,DevEUI)、终端地址(DevAddr)或者入网扩展唯一标识符(Join Extended Unique Identifier,JoinEUI)中的任意一个。终端在完成中继模式下的入网过程后,向中继设备发送一个信息同步帧,信息同步帧中包括终端标识。中继设备将该终端标识更新到白名单中。白名单中包括所用中继设备认为可以转发消息的终端的终端标识。中继设备在中继模式下接收到一个中继特 殊帧后,解析出特殊帧中的终端标识,判断该终端标识是否存在于白名单中。如果该终端标识存在于白名单中,则中继设备接收中继特殊帧之后的普通帧,并且向基站发送该普通帧。否则,不接收中继特殊帧之后的普通帧。白名单可以预置在中继设备中。
可选的,终端在中继模式下收到入网响应帧后,可以将DevEUI以及DevAddr中的至少一个发送给中继设备。由中继设备来更新对应的白名单。可选的,终端向中继设备发送的携带有终端标识的信息同步帧可以被中继密钥加密。中继设备可以先用中继密钥解密信息同步帧,并在之后更新白名单。可选的,白名单也可以通过网络服务器下发的介质访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)命令来配置。例如,网络服务器可以通过基站向中继设备下发白名单配置命令(WhiteListConfig Command)。白名单配置命令中包括需要删除的终端标识或者是需要添加的终端标识。中继设备收到白名单配置命令后,根据配置命令来删除相应的终端标识,或者添加相应的终端标识。所述终端标识可以是DevEUI以及DevAddr之中的至少一个。
参照图7,示出了本申请的一种终端实施例3的装置图,具体可以包括如下步骤:
发送模块1001,用于在第一模式下向中继设备发送第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;
在标准的入网过程中,终端会向基站发送带有第二前导码的入网请求帧,如果终端能接收到基站返回的入网响应帧,则标准入网成功。
但是当终端与基站之间的相互的信号强度不够时,终端发送的入网请求帧无法到达基站,或基站返回的入网响应帧无法到达终端,则标准入网失败。
本申请实施例中在终端和基站之间设置有LoRa中继设备,可以通过中继设备建立终端与基站之间的通信。
例如,终端埋在地下,距离基站500米。如果终端因为地面的阻碍无法接收到基站信号,这时可以把中继设备放在终端的埋设点的地面上方,起到信号中继的作用。
在本申请实施例中,中继设备作为标准节点首先按标准的入网流程接入LoRa网络。即中继设备首先向基站发送带有第二前导码的入网请求帧,然后接收基站返回的入网响应帧。在标准入网成功后,中继设备进行间歇性休眠状态以节省功耗。
当终端标准入网流程失败时,终端可以向已入网的中继设备发送带有第一前导码的入网请求帧。
前导码是一段规则的无线信号,用以通知无线接收者后面的无线信号含有有效信息。
在本申请实施例中,第二前导码和第一前导码都是入网请求帧前的一段无线信号。
第二前导码为标准前导码,是按LoRaWAN协议规定的标准格式的前导码。第一前导码为长前导码,第一前导码的长度比第二前导码的长度要长。前导码的长度可以包括时长。
第一前导码的另一个目的是激活休眠的无线接收者,所以它的长度比第二前导码的长度更长。比如接收者的休眠周期是4秒,那第一前导码的长度至少要有4秒。
在本申请实施例中,中继设备从间歇性休眠状态周期性地自我唤醒,在唤醒时,中继设备检测是否存在中继特殊帧的第一前导码。若检测到第一前导码,则中继设备激活数据接收功能,接收第一前导码之后的中继特殊帧的有效载荷。第一前导码加上后面有效载荷可以统称为中继特殊帧。第一信息集可以是中继特殊帧的载荷部分。
发送模块1001,用于在所述第一模式下向所述中继设备发送第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述终端在完成发送所述第一数据帧并经历第一时间间隔后发送的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;
具体地,所述第一模式为中继模式。第二数据帧为正常帧。第二前导码为正常的前导码。第二信息集为正常帧的载荷部分。如图3所示,中继特殊帧用于唤醒中继设备,中继设备获取特殊帧的载荷部分后,可以获取到载荷部分是否加密的信息、特殊帧的计数值以及针对第二信息集的第一验证信息。中继设备可以根据特殊帧部分判断后续普通帧的合法性。并且在判断不合法的情况下,拒绝转发后续的普通帧。判断不合法的原因可以是:1.中继设备判断中继特殊帧的计数值不大于中继设备记录的最新的中继特殊帧的计数值。
可选的,中继特殊帧和普通帧可以使用不同的信道。例如,中继特殊帧可以在信道1中进行传输,而普通帧可以在信道2中进行传输。中继特殊帧以及普通帧使用的信道信息可以预置在终端以及中继设备上。中继设备和终端可以通过接收MAC指令中的中继信道变更信息来更新中继特殊帧以及普通帧的信道使用信息。可选的,中继特殊帧的载荷部分可以包括普通帧的信道使用信息。终端在接收到相应的信道使用信息后可以在指定时间的制定信道来接收普通帧
可选的,在普通帧之前可以有多个中继特殊帧。中继特殊帧可以包括载荷部分,也可以只包括一个长前导码。每两个特殊帧之间的时间间隔可以是一个随机任意的时间值。多个中继特殊帧存在的情况下,可以以检测多个特殊帧作为判断依据,可以更好地保护普通帧。可选的,多个特殊帧可以使用不同的信道进行传输。例如,特殊帧1可以使用 信道1。特殊帧2可以使用信道2。特殊帧的信道使用信息可以包含在前一个特殊帧的有效载荷部分。
可选的,一个中继特殊帧之后也可以存在多个普通帧。中继特殊帧中可以包括多个时间间隔信息,每个时间间隔信息对应一个普通帧和前帧之间的时间间隔。由图5所示,一个中继特殊帧之后带有两个普通帧,分别是普通帧1以及普通帧2。中继特殊帧的载荷部分(无线帧主体)中包括中继特殊间隔信息1以及中继特殊间隔信息2。中继特殊间隔信息1代表了中继特殊帧以及普通帧1之间的间隔时间(中继特殊间隔1)。中继特殊间隔信息2代表了普通帧1和普通帧2之间的间隔时间(中继特殊间隔2)。不同的中继特殊间隔可以是不同的值。不同的中继特殊间隔可以减低攻击者在特定时间攻击普通帧的几率。一个中继特殊帧之后发送多个普通帧,可以有效地提高中继传输的效率。
可选的,多个普通帧可以使用不同的信道进行传输。例如,普通帧1可以使用信道1。普通帧2可以使用信道2。普通帧的信道使用信息可以包含在前一个普通帧的有效载荷部分。
接收模块1002,用于在所述第一模式下接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
具体地,第一模式为中继模式。第三数据帧为服务器向终端发送的下行数据帧。服务器首先将下行数据帧发给对应的基站。之后,基站将数据帧发送给对应的中继设备。最后,由中继设备将下行数据帧发送给终端。
由图4所示,基站通过正常模式的第一接收时间窗口(RX1窗口)以及第二接收时间窗口(RX2窗口)将下行数据帧发送给中继设备。中继设备通过中继模式的第一接收窗口(RX1’窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2’窗口)将下行数据帧发送给终端。中继模式的第一接收窗口(RX1’窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2’窗口)对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’可以是由正常模式的第一接收窗口(RX1窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2窗口)对应的接收延时1以及接收延时2计算得来。例如,RX1’窗口的接收延时1’可以是RX1窗口的接收延时1加上2秒。同样的,RX2’窗口的接收延时2’可以是RX2窗口的接收延时2加上2秒。可选的,RX1’以及RX2’窗口对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’也可以设置为定长,例如3秒以及4秒。可选的,RX1’以及RX2’窗口对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’也可以小于对应的RX1以及RX2窗口对应的接收延时1以及接收延时。本发明不做具体限定。
在本申请实施例中,所述终端还可以包括如下模块:
处理模块1003,用于在所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,在所述第一模式下根据第一标识判断是否监听所述第二模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口。
具体地,第一模式为中继模式。第二模式为正常模式。第一标识可以是禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识。第一标识用来使得终端判断是否监听正常模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口。在某些场景下,终端无法在正常模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口接收到基站发送的下行数据帧,如果让终端监听正常模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口会造成不必要的资源浪费。因此,可以通过设置一个禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识来控制终端不再监听正常模式下的接收时间窗口。例如,禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识置1时,终端将不再监听正常模式下的任何接收时间窗口。当禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识置9时,终端监听正常模式下的任何接收时间窗口。可选的,网络服务器可以用MAC指令来更改终端上的禁止接收正常模式接收窗口标识。
在本申请实施例中,所述终端还可以包括如下模块:
处理模块1003,用于在所述终端在所述第一模式下在所述第二模式的任意一个接收时间窗口接收到所述基站发送的第四数据帧后,从所述第一模式切换到所述第二模式。
具体地,第四数据帧可以是任意形式的下行数据帧。如果终端能够接收到正常模式下,由基站发送的任意一个接收时间窗口的下行数据帧,则说明终端已经可以独立与基站进行通信。因此,终端可以自动由中继模式切换为普通模式。并且在发送上行数据帧时,使用普通帧格式。可选的,终端可以在连续接收多个正常模式下任意接收时间窗口的下行数据帧后,由中继模式切换回普通模式。通过检测多次收到正常模式下的下行数据帧之后再切换回普通模式,可以增加终端切换回正常模式的准确率。
参照图8,示出了本申请的一种中继设备实施例4的装置图,具体可以包括如下步骤:
接收模块1101,用于接收所述终端发送的第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;
在标准的入网过程中,终端会向基站发送带有第二前导码的入网请求帧,如果终端能接收到基站返回的入网响应帧,则标准入网成功。
但是当终端与基站之间的相互的信号强度不够时,终端发送的入网请求帧无法到达 基站,或基站返回的入网响应帧无法到达终端,则标准入网失败。
本申请实施例中在终端和基站之间设置有LoRa中继设备,可以通过中继设备建立终端与基站之间的通信。
例如,终端埋在地下,距离基站500米。如果终端因为地面的阻碍无法接收到基站信号,这时可以把中继设备放在终端的埋设点的地面上方,起到信号中继的作用。
在本申请实施例中,中继设备作为标准节点首先按标准的入网流程接入LoRa网络。即中继设备首先向基站发送带有第二前导码的入网请求帧,然后接收基站返回的入网响应帧。在标准入网成功后,中继设备进行间歇性休眠状态以节省功耗。
当终端标准入网流程失败时,终端可以向已入网的中继设备发送带有第一前导码的入网请求帧。
前导码是一段规则的无线信号,用以通知无线接收者后面的无线信号含有有效信息。
在本申请实施例中,第二前导码和第一前导码都是入网请求帧前的一段无线信号。
第二前导码为标准前导码,是按LoRaWAN协议规定的标准格式的前导码。第一前导码为长前导码,第一前导码的长度比第二前导码的长度要长。前导码的长度可以包括时长。
第一前导码的另一个目的是激活休眠的无线接收者,所以它的长度比第二前导码的长度更长。比如接收者的休眠周期是4秒,那第一前导码的长度至少要有4秒。
在本申请实施例中,中继设备从间歇性休眠状态周期性地自我唤醒,在唤醒时,中继设备检测是否存在中继特殊帧的第一前导码。若检测到第一前导码,则中继设备激活数据接收功能,接收第一前导码之后的中继特殊帧的有效载荷。第一前导码加上后面有效载荷可以统称为中继特殊帧。第一信息集可以是中继特殊帧的载荷部分。
接收模块1101,用于接收所述终端发送的第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述中继设备在完成接收所述第一信息帧并经历第一时间间隔后接收的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;
具体地,所述第一模式为中继模式。第二数据帧为正常帧。第二前导码为正常的前导码。第二信息集为正常帧的载荷部分。如图3所示,中继特殊帧用于唤醒中继设备,中继设备获取特殊帧的载荷部分后,可以获取到载荷部分是否加密的信息、特殊帧的计数值以及针对第二信息集的第一验证信息。中继设备可以根据特殊帧部分判断后续普通帧的合法性。并且在判断不合法的情况下,拒绝转发后续的普通帧。判断不合法的原因可以是:1.中继设备判断中继特殊帧的计数值不大于中继设备记录的最新的中继特殊帧 的计数值。
可选的,在普通帧之前可以有多个中继特殊帧。中继特殊帧可以包括载荷部分,也可以只包括一个长前导码。每两个特殊帧之间的时间间隔可以是一个随机任意的时间值。多个中继特殊帧存在的情况下,可以以检测多个特殊帧作为判断依据,可以更好地保护普通帧。
可选的,一个中继特殊帧之后也可以存在多个普通帧。中继特殊帧中可以包括多个时间间隔信息,每个时间间隔信息对应一个普通帧和前帧之间的时间间隔。由图5所示,一个中继特殊帧之后带有两个普通帧,分别是普通帧1以及普通帧2。中继特殊帧的载荷部分(无线帧主体)中包括中继特殊间隔信息1以及中继特殊间隔信息2。中继特殊间隔信息1代表了中继特殊帧以及普通帧1之间的间隔时间(中继特殊间隔1)。中继特殊间隔信息2代表了普通帧1和普通帧2之间的间隔时间(中继特殊间隔2)。不同的中继特殊间隔可以是不同的值。不同的中继特殊间隔可以减低攻击者在特定时间攻击普通帧的几率。一个中继特殊帧之后发送多个普通帧,可以有效地提高中继传输的效率。
发送模块1102,用于向所述终端发送第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
具体地,第一模式为中继模式。第三数据帧为服务器向终端发送的下行数据帧。服务器首先将下行数据帧发给对应的基站。之后,基站将数据帧发送给对应的中继设备。最后,由中继设备将下行数据帧发送给终端。
由图4所示,基站通过正常模式的第一接收时间窗口(RX1窗口)以及第二接收时间窗口(RX2窗口)将下行数据帧发送给中继设备。中继设备通过中继模式的第一接收窗口(RX1’窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2’窗口)将下行数据帧发送给终端。中继模式的第一接收窗口(RX1’窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2’窗口)对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’可以是由正常模式的第一接收窗口(RX1窗口)以及第二接收窗口(RX2窗口)对应的接收延时1以及接收延时2计算得来。例如,RX1’窗口的接收延时1’可以是RX1窗口的接收延时1加上2秒。同样的,RX2’窗口的接收延时2’可以是RX2窗口的接收延时2加上2秒。可选的,RX1’以及RX2’窗口对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’也可以设置为定长,例如3秒以及4秒。可选的,RX1’以及RX2’窗口对应的接收延时1’以及接收延时2’也可以小于对应的RX1以及RX2窗口对应的接收延时1以及接收延时。本发明不做具体限定。
为了使本领域技术人员能够更好地理解本申请实施例,下面通过一个例子对本申请 实施例加以说明:
参照图6所示为本申请实施例中终端与基站的通信流程图。
1、中继设备向基站发送入网请求帧,入网请求帧为标准入网请求帧。
2、中继设备接收到基站发送的入网确认帧,入网确认帧为标准入网确认帧。
3、终端以正常模式发送带正常长度前导码的入网请求帧,但没有收到入网确认帧,标准入网流程失败。
4、终端切换到中继模式,发送中继特殊帧,中继特殊帧具有特殊的信号相位、特殊帧长度等特征,中继器能够通过该特征识别该特殊帧。该特殊帧可以携带中继特殊间隔信息、后续普通帧的验证信息、帧序号、安全机制标识等内容。
5、终端在发送完中继特殊帧后等待中继特殊间隔,然后发送后续的普通帧。在此实施例中,此普通帧为入网请求帧。
6、中继设备识别出中继特殊帧,并接收后续的入网请求帧(普通帧),并将此入网请求帧转发给基站。
7、中继设备接收基站的入网确认帧。
8、中继设备向节点的中继模式接收窗口转发入网确认帧。终端节点入网成功。
9、终端可以向中继器发送自己的DevAddr信息,中继器据此更新自己的白名单。
10、终端发送中继特殊帧,中继特殊帧具有特殊的信号相位、特殊帧长度等特征,中继器能够通过该特征识别该特殊帧。该特殊帧可以携带中继特殊间隔信息、后续普通帧的验证信息、帧序号、安全机制标识等内容。
11、终端在发送完中继特殊帧后等待中继特殊间隔,然后发送后续的普通帧。
12、中继设备识别出中继特殊帧,并接收后续的上行数据帧(普通帧),并将此上行数据帧转发给基站。
13、中继设备接收基站的下行数据帧。
14、中继设备向终端的终极模式接收窗口转发下行数据帧。终端上下行通信成功。
需要说明的是,对于方法实施例,为了简单描述,故将其都表述为一系列的动作组合,但是本领域技术人员应该知悉,本申请实施例并不受所描述的动作顺序的限制,因为依据本申请实施例,某些步骤可以采用其他顺序或者同时进行。其次,本领域技术人员也应该知悉,说明书中所描述的实施例均属于优选实施例,所涉及的动作并不一定是本申请实施例所必须的。
对于装置实施例而言,由于其与方法实施例基本相似,所以描述的比较简单,相关 之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
本申请实施例还提供了一种装置,包括:
一个或多个处理器;和
其上存储有指令的一个或多个机器可读介质,当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时,使得所述装置执行本申请实施例所述的方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一个或多个机器可读介质,其上存储有指令,当由一个或多个处理器执行时,使得装置执行本申请实施例所述的方法。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。
本领域内的技术人员应明白,本申请实施例的实施例可提供为方法、装置、或计算机程序产品。因此,本申请实施例可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且,本申请实施例可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请实施例是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、终端设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理终端设备的处理器以产生一个机器,使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理终端设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理终端设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中,使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品,该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理终端设备上,使得在计算机或其他可编程终端设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理,从而在计算机或其他可编程终端设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本申请实施例的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本 创造性概念,则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请实施例范围的所有变更和修改。
最后,还需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者终端设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本申请所提供的一种终端与基站的通信方法、一种终端与基站的通信装置,进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本申请的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。
Claims (46)
- 一种终端与基站的通信方法,其特征在于,包括:所述终端在第一模式下向中继设备发送第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;所述终端在所述第一模式下向所述中继设备发送第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述终端在完成发送所述第一数据帧并经历第一时间间隔后发送的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;所述终端在所述第一模式下接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第三数据帧可以是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第二数据帧可以是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,还包括:所述终端向所述中继设备发送第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于使得所述中继设备更新白名单。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,还包括:所述终端在所述第一模式下根据第一标识判断是否监听第二模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:若所述终端在所述第一模式下在第二模式的任意一个接收时间窗口接收到所述基站发送第四数据帧,则所述终端从所述第一模式切换到所述第二模式。
- 一种终端与基站的通信方法,其特征在于,包括:中继设备接收所述终端发送的第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;所述中继设备接收所述终端发送的第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述中继设备在完成接收所述第一信息帧并经历第一时间间隔后接收的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;所述中继设备向所述终端发送第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从所述基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,奇特正在于,还包括:所述第三数据帧可以是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:所述第二数据帧可以是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中继设备向所述终端发送第三数据帧之后,还包括:所述中继设备接收所述终端发送的第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于使得所述中继设备更新白名单。
- 一种终端,其特征在于,包括:发送模块,用于在第一模式下向中继设备发送第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;发送模块,用于在所述第一模式下向所述中继设备发送第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述终端在完成发送所述第一数据帧并经历第一时间间隔后发送的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;接收模块,用于在所述第一模式下接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于,还包括:所述第三数据帧是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于,还包括:所述第二数据帧是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于:所述发送模块还用于在所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,向所述中继设备发送第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于使得所述中继设备更新白名单。
- 根据权利要求23所述的终端,其特征在于:所述终端还包括处理模块,用于在所述终端接收所述中继设备发送的第三数据帧之后,在所述第一模式下根据第一标识判断是否监听第二模式下的第一接收时间窗口以及第二接收时间窗口。
- 根据权利要求33所述的终端,其特征在于:所述处理模块还用于在所述终端在所述第一模式下在所述第二模式的任意一个接收时间窗口接收到所述基站发送的第四数据帧后,从所述第一模式切换到所述第二模式。
- 一种中继设备,其特征在于,包括:接收模块,用于接收终端发送的第一数据帧,所述第一数据帧包括第一前导码以及第一信息集,所述第一前导码用于唤醒所述中继设备;接收模块,用于接收所述终端发送的第二数据帧,所述第二数据帧包括第二前导码以及第二信息集,所述第二数据帧是所述中继设备在完成接收所述第一信息帧并经历第一时间间隔后接收的,所述第二前导码的长度小于所述第一前导码的长度;发送模块,用于向所述终端发送第三数据帧,所述第三数据帧是所述中继设备从基站接收后,发送给所述终端的。
- 根据权利要求35所述的中继设备,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括第一时间间隔信息,所述第一时间间隔信息用于指示第一时间间隔的信息长度。
- 根据权利要求35所述的中继设备,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括安全机制指示标识,所述安全机制指示标识用于指示所述第一信息集的安全等级。
- 根据权利要求35所述的中继设备,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括计数值,所述计数值用于确认所述第一信息集为非重复发送的消息集。
- 根据权利要求35所述的中继设备,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括第一验证信息,所述第一验证信息用于验证所述第二信息集。
- 根据权利要求35所述的中继设备,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括封装指示标识,所述封装指示标识用于指示所述中继设备是否对所述第二数据帧做封装处理。
- 根据权利要求35所述的中继设备,其特征在于,还包括:所述第一信息集包括扩频因子指示信息,所述扩频因子指示信息用于指示所述中继设备根据所述扩频因子指示信息对应的扩频因子向所述基站发送所述第二数据帧。
- 根据权利要求35所述的中继设备,奇特正在于,还包括:所述第三数据帧可以是入网确认帧,所述入网确认帧用于确认所述终端的入网请求。
- 根据权利要求35所述的中继设备,其特征在于,还包括:所述第二数据帧可以是入网请求帧,所述入网请求帧用于请求接入网络。
- 根据权利要求35所述的中继设备,其特征在于:所述接收模块还用于在所述中继设备向所述终端发送第三数据帧之后,接收所述终端发送的第四数据帧,所述第四数据帧包括终端标识,所述终端标识用于使得所述中继设备更新白名单。
- 一种装置,其特征在于,包括:一个或多个处理器;和其上存储有指令的一个或多个机器可读介质,当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时,使得所述装置执行如权利要求1-12或13-22所述的一个或多个的方法。
- 一个或多个机器可读介质,其上存储有指令,当由一个或多个处理器执行时,使得装置执行如权利要求1-12或13-22所述的一个或多个的方法。
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