WO2020139409A1 - Virtual spaces, mixed reality spaces, and combined mixed reality spaces for improved interaction and collaboration - Google Patents

Virtual spaces, mixed reality spaces, and combined mixed reality spaces for improved interaction and collaboration Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020139409A1
WO2020139409A1 PCT/US2019/017947 US2019017947W WO2020139409A1 WO 2020139409 A1 WO2020139409 A1 WO 2020139409A1 US 2019017947 W US2019017947 W US 2019017947W WO 2020139409 A1 WO2020139409 A1 WO 2020139409A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
virtual
users
items
item
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2019/017947
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gioacchino Noris
Panya INVERSIN
James Allan BOOTH
Sarthak RAY
Alessia Marra
Original Assignee
Facebook Technologies, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US16/234,013 external-priority patent/US10921878B2/en
Priority claimed from US16/233,846 external-priority patent/US20200210137A1/en
Priority claimed from US16/234,128 external-priority patent/US11024074B2/en
Application filed by Facebook Technologies, Llc filed Critical Facebook Technologies, Llc
Priority to KR1020217023722A priority Critical patent/KR20210096695A/ko
Priority to CN201980093248.8A priority patent/CN113544633A/zh
Priority to JP2021530091A priority patent/JP2022521117A/ja
Publication of WO2020139409A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020139409A1/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
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    • G06F3/147Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units using display panels
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/04815Interaction with a metaphor-based environment or interaction object displayed as three-dimensional, e.g. changing the user viewpoint with respect to the environment or object
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/14Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
    • G06F3/1423Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units controlling a plurality of local displays, e.g. CRT and flat panel display
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16Sound input; Sound output
    • G06F3/167Audio in a user interface, e.g. using voice commands for navigating, audio feedback
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/01Social networking
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background
    • G09G3/003Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background to produce spatial visual effects
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    • G06F2203/012Walk-in-place systems for allowing a user to walk in a virtual environment while constraining him to a given position in the physical environment
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2354/00Aspects of interface with display user

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to artificial reality environments, including virtual reality environments and mixed virtual reality environments.
  • Artificial reality is a form of reality that has been adjusted in some manner before presentation to a user, which may include, e.g., a virtual reality (VR), an augmented reality (AR), a mixed reality (MR) a hybrid reality, or some combination and/or derivatives thereof.
  • Artificial reality content may include completely generated content or generated content combined with captured content (e.g., real-world photographs).
  • the artificial reality content may include video, audio, haptic feedback, or some combination thereof, and any of which may fee presented in a single channel or in multiple channels (such as stereo video that produces a three-dimensional effect to the viewer), Artificial reality may be associated with applications, products, accessories, services, or some combination thereof that are, e.g., used to create content in an artificial reality and/or used in (e.g,, perform activities in) an artificial reality.
  • the artificial reality system that provides the artificial reality content may be implemented on various platforms, including a head-mounted display (HMD) connected to a host computer system, a standalone HMD, & mobile device or computing system, or any other hardware platform capable of providing artificial reality content to one or more viewers
  • Particular embodiments described herein relate to a method of creating a system for using contextual information and a user’s intent to modify a VR environment for the purpose of creating an isolated experience for the user.
  • This system may first determine whether the user wants to focus on interacting with a particular object based on the user's movement, interaction with the object, and eye movement Once the system determines that the user wants to interact with a particular object, the system may then modify the environment to maximize the user's experience with the particular object
  • Particular embodiments described herein relate to creating a system for merging realities between various user’s locations to create a joint VK space using each user’s free space.
  • This system may first determine that a particular user’s free space is sufficiently large to accommodate a joint VR space. Then, the system may map out or retrieve a map of the particular user’s free space, and coordinate with other users that also want to participate in the joint VR space by determining and creating a framework for the joint VR space that accommodates the free space restrictions of * each of the users, and maximizes overlap between the users’ free spaces,
  • Particular embodiments described herein relate to synchronizing content and objects from real life with those in the digttal/VR environment to enhance user interaction, communication, and cooperation with other users (e g,, for collaborating on projects).
  • This system may first determine what objects within the user’s reel-life environment the user may Want to use to collaborate with other users. Then, the system may copy and present the real-life objects within the UI of the VR shared space in real time so that other users to the VR shared space can view and interact with the objects,
  • Embodiments of the invention may indude or be implemented in conjunction with an artificial reality system.
  • Artificial reality is a form of reality that has been adjusted in some manner before presentation to a user, which may include, e.g., a virtual reality (VR), an augmented reality (AR), a mixed reality (MR), a hybrid reality, or some combination and/or derivatives thereof.
  • Artificial reality content may include completely generated content or generated content combined with captured content (e.g., real-world photographs).
  • the artificial reality content may include video, audio, haptic feedback, or some combination thereof and any of which may be presented in a single channel or in multiple channels (such as stereo video that produces a three-dimensional effect to the viewer).
  • artificial reality may be associated with implications ⁇ products, accessories, services, or some combination thereof, that me, e,g,, used to create content in an artificial reality and/or used in (e.g., perform activities in) an artificial reality.
  • the artificial reality system that provides the artificial reality content may be implemented on various platforms, including a head-mounted display (HMD) connected to a host computer system, a standalone HMD, a mobile device or computing system, of any other hardware platform capable of providing artificial reality content to one or more viewers.
  • HMD head-mounted display
  • any subject matter «suiting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims.
  • the subject-matter which can be claimed comprises not only the combinations of features as set out in the attached claims but also any other combination of features in the claims, wherein each feature mentioned in the claims can be combined with any other feature or combination of other features in the claims.
  • any of the embodiments and features described or depicted herein can be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment or feature described or depicted herein or with any of the features of the attached claims.
  • a method may comprise, by a computing system:
  • the first user actions may comprise one or more of: user eye movements focusing on the first virtual content,
  • the contextual information may comprise one or more of:
  • the temporal information associated with die first user may comprise a predetermined period of time of user inaction.
  • the inferring the intent of the first user may be based at least in part on a perspective of a hypothetical user that may he based at least in part on one or more users of a soci al network associated.
  • the hypothetical user may be based at least in part on :
  • Adjusting the one or more configurations associated with the second virtual content may comprise one or more of;
  • the adjusting of the visual properties or the audio properties of one or more of the second virtual content may be determined based at least in part on a type of content that the second virtual content is associated with or a type of service that the second virtual content is associated with.
  • the adjusting of the social-networking properties may comprise temporarily limiting or removing all notifications from the social network associate! with the second virtual content
  • the virtual area may reside m a virtual reality environment, and the first user may be a virtual user in the virtual reality environment.
  • one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media may embody software that is operable when executed to perform a method according to any of the embodiments herein or to:
  • the first user action may comprise one or more of:
  • the contextual information may comprise one or more of:
  • the inferring the intent of the first user may be based at least in part on a perspective of a hypothetical user that may be based at least in part on one or more users of a social network associated.
  • Adjusting the one or more configurations associated with the second virtual content may comprise one or more of:
  • adjusting one or more visual properties of one or more of the second virtual content adjusting one or more audio properties of one or more of the second virtual content, or adjusting one or more social-networking properties of one or tome of the second virtual content.
  • a system may comprise; one or more processors; and a memory coupled to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors being operable when executing the instructions to perform a method according to any of the embodiments herein or to:
  • the first user actions may comprise one or more of:
  • the contextual information may comprise one or more of:
  • the inferring the intent of the first user may be based at least in port on a perspective of a hypothetical user that maybe based at least in part on one or more users of a social network associated.
  • Adjusting the one or more configurations associated with the second virtual content may comprise one or more of:
  • a method in particular a method according to any embodiment herein, may comprise, by a computing system:
  • determining a first area in a first room associated with the first user based at least in part on space limitations associated with the first room and locations of one or more items in the first room;
  • a method may comprise, prior to retrieving information associated with the one or more second rooms:
  • the first area may be determined by calculating the maximum free space associated with the first room after assessing the space limitations and the locations of the one or more items in the first room.
  • the retrieved information associated with the second rooms may comprise at least:
  • a method may comprise:
  • the second area is determined by calculating the maximum fine space associated with each of the one or more second rooms after assessing the space limitations and the locations of the one or more items in each of the one or more second rooms.
  • the joint virtual space may be created by determining a maximum overlap between the maximum free space associated with the first room and the maximum See space associated with each of the one or more second rooms.
  • the providing access to the joint virtual space may comprise notifying the first user and each of the one or more second users that the joint virtual space is available for use;
  • the notifying the first user and each of the one or more second users may comprise sending instructions to the first user and each of the one Or more second users to generate a portal object that allows that first user and each of the one or more second users to virtually access the joint virtual space;
  • Generating a portal object may comprise:
  • the joint virtual space may reside in a virtual reality environment, and the first user and each of the one or more second users may be virtual users m the virtual reality environment.
  • one of more computer-readable « ⁇ a-traasitQty storage media in pari kukr media according to any embodiment herein, may embody software that is operable when executed to perform & method according to any of fee embodiments herein or to:
  • the first area may be determined by calculating the maximum free space associated with the first room alter assessing the space limitations and the locations of the one or more items in the first room.
  • the retrieved information associated with the second rooms may comprise at least:
  • a media may comprise:
  • the joint virtual space may be created by determining a maximum overlap between the maximum free space associated with the first room and the maximum free space associated with each of the one or more second rooms.
  • a system in particular a system according to any embodiment herein, may comprise: one or more processors; and a memory coupled to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors being operable when executing the instructions to perform a method according to any of the embodiments herei n or to: receive, from the first user, a request to create a joint virtual space to use with one or more second users;
  • the first area may be determined by calculating the maximum free space associated with the first room after assessing the space Imitations and the locations of the one or more items in the first room.
  • the retrieved information associated with the second rooms may comprise at least:
  • a system may comprise:
  • the joint virtual space may be created by determining a maximum overlap between the maximum free space associated with the first room and the maximum free space associated with each of the one or more second rooms.
  • a method in particular a method according to any embodiment herein, may comprise, by a computing system:
  • the display of the first virtual item in the virtual reality environment is updated to include the same changes as the first interactive item.
  • the request to share the display of the first interactive item may be from a first user of the one or more users that is currently interacting with the first interactive item.
  • the request to share the display of the first interactive item may be from one or more second users, the one or more second users being virtual users associated with tire virtual reality environment.
  • a method may comprise, prior to receiving the request to share the display of the first interactive item,
  • the subset of the one or more users may comprise virtual Users in the virtual reality environment.
  • the first interactive item may be located in a real-world environment
  • a method may comprise: accessing a location of tire first interactive item in relation to one or more other items surrounding the first interactive item in the real-world environment;
  • a method may comprise:
  • a method may comprise:
  • the comments may comprise one or more of audio comments, video comments, or written comments.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media, to particular media according to any embodiment herein* may embody software that is operable when executed to perform a method according to any of the embodiments herein or to:
  • the display of the first virtual item to tire virtual reality environment is updated to include the same changes as the first interactive item.
  • the software may be operable when executed to, prior to receiving the reqwt to share the display of the first interactive item:
  • the first interactive item may be located in a real-world environment
  • the software may be operable when ⁇ ecuted to:
  • the software may be operable when executed to:
  • a system in particular a system according to any embodiment herein, may comprise: one or more processors; and a memory coupled to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors; the processors being operable when executing the instructions to perform a method according to any of the embodiments herein or to: receive a request to share a display of a first interactive item with one or more users; generate a first virtual item as a copy of the first interactive item; and
  • the display of die first virtual item in the virtual reality environment is updated to include the same Changes as the first Interactive item.
  • the processors may be operable when executing the instructions to, prior to receiving the request to share the display of the first interactive item:
  • the first interactive item may be located in a real-world environment.
  • the processors may be operable when executing the instructions to:
  • the processors may be operable when executing the instructions to:
  • one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media may embody software that is operable when executed to perform a method according to or within any of the above mentioned embodiments.
  • a system may comprise: one or more processors; and at least one memory coupled to the processors and comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors operable when executing the instructions to perform a method according to or within any of the above mentioned embodiments.
  • a computer program product preferably comprising a computer-readable non-transitory storage media* may be operable when executed on a data processing system to perform a method according to or within any of the above mentioned embodiments *
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example artificial reality system
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example 3D eye tracking system.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example artificial reality space.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example VR environment
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another example of a VR environment.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example method for updating a VR environment based on a user’s intent and contextual information.
  • FIG, 7 illustrates an example first user designating a space for merging with a joint VR space with other users.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example second user designating a space for merging with a joint VR. space with other users.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example merged VR environment.
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate an example of creating a portal object for accessing the merged VR environment
  • FIG 11 illustrates an example method for designating a space for merging an artificial reality system with other users
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a first user designating an object for sharing with other users in an artificial reality system *
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a second user designating an object for sharing with other users in an artificial reality system.
  • FIGS, 14A and 14B illustrate various environments for various Users to view a shared object
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an example method for designating and sharing various objects with other users in an artificial reality system.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an example network environment associated with a socialnetworking system.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates an example social graph.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates an example computer system. DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIM3ENTS
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example artificial reality system 100
  • the artificial reality system 100 may comprise a headset 194, a controller 106, and a computing system 108
  • a user 102 may wear the headset 104 that may display visual artificial reality content to the user 102.
  • the headset 104 may include art audio device that may provide audio artificial reality content to the user 102,
  • the headset 104 may include one or more cameras which can capture images and videos of environments.
  • the headset 104 may include an eye tracking system to determine a vergenee distance of the user 102.
  • a vergenee distance may be a distance from the user’s eyes to objects (e.g., real-world objects or virtual objects in a virtual space) that the user’s eyes axe converged at.
  • the headset 104 may be- referred as a head-mounted display (HDM)
  • the controller 106 may comprise a trackpad and one or more buttons.
  • the controller 106 may receive inputs from the user 102 and .relay the inputs to the computing system 108,
  • the controller 206 may also provide haptic feedback to the user 102.
  • the computing system 108 may be connected to the headset 104 and the controller 106 through cables or wireless connections, The computing system 108 may control the headset 104 and the controller 106 to provide the artificial reality content to and receive inputs from the user 102,
  • the computing system: 108 may be a standalone host computer system, an on-board computer system integrated with the headset 104, a mobile device, or any other hardware platform capable of providing artificial reality content to and receiving inputs from the user 102,
  • the artificial reality system may include an eye tracking system for tracking the user’s eyes in real time,
  • the eye tracking system may he a 3D eye tracking system tracking the user’s eye movements ⁇ e,g., gazing direction, gazing angle, convergence) and determine where the user is looking at (e,g, s vergenee distance or gazing poiai).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example 3D eye tracking system 20:0,
  • the 3D eye tracking system 200 may track the three- dimensional eye movement to determine the user’s vergence distance or gazing point.
  • the vergenee distance of a user may be a distance from the user’s eyes to a point which the user’s eyes are converged at.
  • a gazing point of a user may be a point that the user is gazing at.
  • the eye tracking system 200 may include a lens 210, a number of infrared tight sources (e.g., 2I2A-H), a hot mirror 220, and an infrared camera 240.
  • the light sources 212 ⁇ -H may be infrared tight emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on the lens 210.
  • the hot mirror 220 may be a dichroic filter which reflects infrared light while allowing visible light to pass.
  • the emitted infrared tight e.g., 214) by one or more of the light source 212A-H may reach and be reflected off the eye 250.
  • the reflected light 216 mpy be further reflected by the hot mirror 220 and reach the infrared camera 240;
  • the camera 240 may be an infrared camera capturing images of the eye 250 using the reflected infrared light.
  • the eye tracking system 200 may capture mages of both eyes (e;g., pupils) of the user mid process the images using computer vision technology.
  • the eye tracking system 200 may measure the angle of the two eyes and use geometric relations to determine the vergenee distance and gazing point of the user.
  • the 3D eye tracking system 200 may measure the user's eye angle with an accuracy of 1 degree, for example.
  • the visible tight 232 from the display screen 230 may pass the hot mirror 220 mid the lens 210 to reach the eye 250 allowing the user to see rendered content by the display screen 230.
  • the 3D eye tracking system 200 may use the ambient tight 260 from the environment to capture the eye images.
  • the ambient tight 240 may reach the eye 250 and may be reflected off the eye 250.
  • the reflected tight may pass through the lens 210 and reach the hot mirror 220 and the camera 240.
  • the camera 240 may capture images of the eye 250 based on the ambient light reflected off the eye 250.
  • the 3D eye tracking system may use a hybrid method using both light sources (e.g., 212A-212H) and the ambient light 260 to capture eye images and track the eye movements.
  • the 308 may use a machine learning (ML) based approach for eye tracking.
  • the headset system may take a sequence of images of the eyes of the user wearing tike headset (e.g., using a camera of a 3D eye tracking system) and use the machine learning (ML) algorithm to process the images and output vergenee information.
  • the machine learning (ML) algorithm may include an inference model to determine the vergenee distance and gazing point of the user.
  • the headset system may include a hybrid approach combining 3D eye tracking and ML-based eye tracking.
  • the artificial reality system may determine vergenee distance and gazing point of the user using a combination of approaches.
  • the approaches may include, for example, but are not limited to-, eye-tracking based approaches (e.g, 3D eye tracking, ML based eye backing), body-based approaches (e.g., bead position/movement, hand position/movement, body position/movement), and content-based approaches (e.g., Z-buffer, tace/object recognition, developer provided information),
  • eye-tracking based approaches e.g, 3D eye tracking, ML based eye backing
  • body-based approaches e.g., bead position/movement, hand position/movement, body position/movement
  • content-based approaches e.g., Z-buffer, tace/object recognition, developer provided information
  • U.S. Patent Application No. 16/132,153 entitled “Vergenee Determination,” filed on 14 September 2018, which is incorporated by reference as an example only and not by way of limitation, discloses examples
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example artificial reality space 300.
  • the artificial reality space 300 may include a first user 302, a second user 304, and a third user 306.
  • the artificial reality space 300 may include a virtual reality scene rendered in a virtual space by the headset and in the field of view of each of the first user 302, second user 304, and third user 306 wearing headsets 308, 310, and 312, respectively.
  • the first user 302, second user 304, and third User 306 may access the artificial reality space 300 to meet and collaborate with each other, in addition to interact with one or more objects or items located in the artificial reality space 300.
  • a VR environment may be changed or updated based on an analysis of the user’s movements in the VR environment and/or interactions with one or more items in the VR environment to better suit the user’s needs or provide a better user experience.
  • Particular embodiments described herein are directed to an artificial reality for using contextual information and a user’s intent to modify a VR environment for the purpose of creating an isolated experience for the user, As described in more detail below, this system may first determine whether the user wants to focus on interacting with a particular object based on the user’s movement, interaction with the object, and eye movement, in addition to various social-networking information (discussed below). Once the system determines that the user wants to interact with a particular object, the system may then modify the environment to maximize the user’s experience with the particular object.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example VR environment 400.
  • the VR environment 400 includes a screen 410, speakers 412, a lamp 414 » an alarm 416, a radio 418, and a sofa 420 in addition
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another example of a VR environment 500.
  • the VR environment 50Q includes a sofa 510, a bookshelf 512, a coffee table 514, a ceding lap 516, a floor lamp 518, a window covered by shades 520, and a radio 522.
  • the artificial reality system may make the inference of the intent of the user based on contextual information and one or more“triggers” in the VR environment, which may include determining that the user’s movement and/or location is within a predetermined distance or location in relation to one or more objects in the VR environment (e.g., a virtual Screen, a bookshelf). These triggers may include instructions associated wife the one or more objects in fee VR environment that are triggered when particular conditions associated with the user are met (e.g., the user is within a predetermined location or distance to the one or more objects, user movement in relation fee one or more objects, etc.)
  • fee artificial reality system determines feat fee user wants to watch a show on the screen 410 (e.gheli a virtual television screen, a virtual projection screen, etc.) in fee VR environment based on the user's movement toward a position proximate to a location of the screen 410 in the VR environment (e.g., by siting in the sofa 420 in front of fee screen 410, by standing by fee screen 410, etc.), then fee system may determine that the user wants to foctis their attention on watching fee show on the screen 410 and minimize all other distractions. As such, fee system may modify fee VR environment surrounding fee user to create an isolated experience for the user to maximize fee user’s experience.
  • fee system may modify fee VR environment surrounding fee user to create an isolated experience for the user to maximize fee user’s experience.
  • the system may determine feat to isolate the user’s experience in watching the show on screen 410, the system may remove my and all distractions by dimming or turning off the lights 414, In addition, fee system may remove objects feat are distractions, such as turning Off fee alarm 416, fee radio 418, and other relevant objects. Moreover, the system may temporary restricting interactions with other users (e.g., users of a social network, as discussed in more detail below),
  • the artificial reality system determines feat fee user wants to read a book from a bookshelf 512 in fee VR environment based on fee user’s movement toward a position proximate to a location of the bookshelf 512 in the VR environment (e.g., by standing in front of the bookshelf 512» by sitting down on sofa 510, etc.)
  • die system may determine that the user wants focus their attention on reading the book from the bookshelf 512 and minimize all other distractions.
  • the system may modify the VR environment surrounding the user to create an isolated experience for the user to maximize the experience.
  • die system may remove any and all distractions by brightening and overhead light 516, and also dimming foe floor lamp 518 to reduce unnecessary light in the room.
  • foe system may turn on foe radio 522 to provide tranquil music.
  • foe system may remove objects that are distractions and temporally restricting interactions with other users.
  • foe artificial reality system may infer an intent of the user to focus on interacting with a particular object based on the user’s interaction with foe object
  • foe system may make the inference of the intent of foe user based on contextual information and one or more triggers jn the VR environment, including determining the user’s level of interaction with one or more objects in foe VR environment (e;g., foe virtual screen, the bookshelf).
  • These triggers may include instructions associated with foe one or more objects in the VR environment foat are triggered when particular conditions associated with foe user’s interaction with the one or mote objects are met.
  • foe artificial reality system determines that foe user wants to watch a show on the screen 410 in foe VR environment based on the user’s interaction with foe screen 410 (e.g., by using a controller to control foe show mi the screen 410, by verbally requesting foe screen 410 to turn on or to play a show, etc.) or with foe sofa 420 in foe VR environment (e.g., by siting in foe sofa 420 in front of the screen 410), then the system may determine foat foe user wants to focus their attention on watching the show on the screen 410 and minimize all other distractions (e.g., using the methods of adjusting the visual properties, audio properties, and/or social-networking properties as discussed above); As another example, as shown in FIG.
  • foe artificial reality system determines foat the user wants to read a book from a bookshelf 512 in foe VR environment based on foe user’s interaction with a book on foe bookshelf 512 (e.g., by removing a book from foe bookshelf 512), or with the sofa 510 in foe VR environment (e.g., by sitting down on sofa 510), then the system may determine that foe user wants focus their attention on reading the book from the bookshelf 512 and minimize all other distractions (e.g., using the methods as discussed above).
  • the artificial reality system may infer an intent of the user to focus on interaeting with a particular object based on tracking of the user’s eye movement (e.g., using the methods described above in relation to FIG. 2).
  • the system may make the inference of the intent of the user based on contextual information and one or more triggers in the VR environment, including determining the user’s eye movement in relation to one or more objects in the VR environment (e,g., the virtual screen, fee bookshelf).
  • triggers may include instructions associated with the one or more objects in the VR environment that are triggered when particular conditions associated with tracking the user’s eye movement are met.
  • fee inference of fee intent of the user may be determined based on the tracking of the user’s eye movement in combination wife a temporal component (e,g., a predetermined period of time of user inaction).
  • a temporal component e.g., a predetermined period of time of user inaction.
  • fee system may determine feat the user wants to focus their attention on watching the show on the screen 410 and minimize ell other distractions (e.g., using the methods of adjusting the visual properties, audio properties, and/or socialHaetwotking properties as discussed above).
  • the determination may be made by forther determining that a predetermined period Of time of user inaction has passed.
  • the artificial reality system tracks the user’s eye movement and determines that the user wants to read a book from a bookshelf 512 in the VR environment (e.g., by determining that fee User’s eyes a to focused on a point 524 on fee bookshelf 512), then the system may determine that the user wants focus their attention on reading fee book from the bookshelf 512 and minimize all other distractions (e.g,, using the methods as discussed above).
  • fee determination may be made by further accessing the temporal mfomiation associated wife the user (e.g., determining feat a predetermined period of time of user inaction has passed),
  • the modifications to fee VR environment may be coded into or associated with the various objects based on a type of object of fee particular object that the user wants to interact with (e.g., the screen 410, a book from the bookshelf 512, etc.), based on a type of activity that the user wants to engage in (e.g., watching a show, reading a book, etc.), or a type of service that the particular objeci is associated with (e.g., the screen 410 is associated with a video application, the book on the bookshelf 512 is associated with a reading application).
  • the modifications to the VR environment may be user specified or user inputted, or may be based on preset settings (e.g., factory settings) that may be changed or updated by the user.
  • the artificial reality system may infer an intent of the user to focus on interacting with a particular object based on one or more information items stored by or available to the social-networking system (discussed in more detail below).
  • An example of information items stored by the social-networking system may include social-graph information associated with a target user (i.e., the user interacting with the one or more objects).
  • Examples of information hems available to the social-networking system may include information items that are accessible by the social-networking system and stored on one or more client Systems, one or mote third-party systems, one or more networks, or any combination thereof.
  • tire information items upon which the intent may be inferred may include social-graph information (e.g., nodes and edges, affinities, and degrees of separation), content objects, posts, textual data, location reformation, media, user profile information, temporal information, and privacy settings.
  • social-graph information e.g., nodes and edges, affinities, and degrees of separation
  • content objects e.g., textual data, location reformation, media
  • user profile information e.g., user profile information, temporal information, and privacy settings.
  • one or more of the information items may fall into multiple categories. For example, one or more of the information hems may be classified as social-graph information, a post, and media. Alternatively, in particular embodiments, one or more of the information items may fall into only one category.
  • tire artificial reality system may infer an intent of tire user to focus on interacting with a particular object based on one or more perspectives of one or more users of tire social network
  • the inferred intent may be based on a perspective of a hypothetical user that is based cm one or more users of the social network.
  • the hypothetical user may be based on every user of tire social network, As an example, and not by way of limitation, it may be inferred that a hypothetical user based on every user of tire social network would have an intent to watch a show by standing near, interacting with, and/or watching (e.g., as determined based on tracking eye movement) the screen 410 shown in FIG. 4.
  • a hypothetical user based on every user of the social network would have an intent to read a book by interacting with or looking at the book on the bookshelf 524 or sitting in the sofa 510 next to the bookshelf 524 as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the inferred intent may be based on a perspective of a hypothetical user that is based on a subset of users of the social network.
  • the subset of users may be determined by any suitable means, including but not limited to one or more numerical limits* one car more temporal limits, one or more location-based limits, one or more degrees of separation, one or more affiliation coefficients between the target user and the users comprising the subset of users, one or more commonalities between the target user and the users comprising the subset of users, or any combination thereof.
  • commonalities may include any feature or characteristic shared between the target user and the users comprising tire subset of users, including but not limited to location, age, religion or religious beliefs, education, political affiliation or political beliefs:, or common interests (e.g., interests in food, books, movies, or music).
  • a hypothetical user based on a sample set of one hundred users of the socialnetworking system who share a common interest wife the target user are within two degrees of separation of fee target user, and has been standing near, interacting wife; and/or walching (e.g., as determined based ofl tracking eye movement) the screen 410 would have an intent to watch a show on fee screen 410
  • a hypothetical user based on a sample set of twenty-five users who are within three years of age of fee target user, are within one degree of separation of fee target user, are currently reading similar genre books as the target user, and has been interacting wife or looking at the book on the bookshelf 524 or sitting in the sofa 510 next to the bookshelf 524 would have an intent to read fee book on the bookshelf 524.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example method 600 for updating a VR environment based on a user’s intent and contextual information.
  • the method may begin at step 610, where fee artificial reality system may display a first virtual content to a first user in a virtual area, the virtual area comprising one or more second virtual content.
  • fee artificial reality system may infer an intent of fee first user to interact with fee first virtual content based on one or more of first user actions or contextual information.
  • the artificial reality system may adjust one or mote configurations associated with one or more of the second virtual content based ⁇ m the inferring of the intent of the first user to interact with the first virtual content
  • the first user actions may include one or more of user eye movements focusing on the first virtual content, verbal requests by the first user, user inputs associated with the first virtual content, or user inputs associated with one or more of the second virtual content
  • the contextual information may include one or more of location information associated with the first user, movement information associated with the first user, temporal information associated with the first user, preset actions associated with the first virtual content, a type of content that the first virtual content is associated with, or a type of service that the first virtual content is associated with.
  • the temporal information associated with the first user may include a predetermined period of time of user inaction.
  • the inferring the intent of the first user may be based at least in pert on a perspective of a hypothetical user that is based at least in part on one or more users of a social network associated.
  • the hypothetical user may be based at least in part on each of the users of the social network, or one or more subsets of the users of the social network.
  • adjusting the one or more configurations associated with the second virtual content comprise one or more of adjusting one or more visual properties of one or more of the second virtual content, adjusting one or more audio properties of one or more of the second virtual content, or adjusting one or more social-networking properties of one or more of the second virtual content.
  • the adjusting of the visual properties or the audio properties of one or more of the second virtual content may be determined based at least in part on a type of content that the second virtual content is associated with or a type of service that the second virtual content is associated with.
  • the adjusting of the social * networking properties may include temporarily limiting or removing all notifications from the social network associated with the second virtual content in particular embodiments, the virtual area may reside in a virtual reality environment, and the first user may be a virtual user in tihe virtual reality environment
  • Parti cular embodiments may repeat one or more steps of the method of FIG. 6, Where appropriate, this disclosure describes and illustrates particular steps of the method of FIG. 6 as occurring in a patticuhtf order, this disclosure contemplates any suitable steps of the method of FIG. 6 occurring in any suitable order. Moreover, although this disclosure describes and illustrates an example method for updating a VR environment based on a user’s intent and contextual information including the particular steps of the method of FIG. 6, this disclosure contemplates any suitable method for updating a VR environment based on a user’s intent and contextual information including any suitable steps, which may include all, some, or none of the steps of the method of FIG. 6, where appropriate. Furthermore, although this disclosure describes and illustrates particular components, devices, or systems carrying out particular steps of the method of FIG. 6, this disclosure contemplates any suitable combination of any suitable components, devices, or systems carrying out any suitable steps Of the method of FIG, 6,
  • one or more users may want to create a joint VR space that the users can access and use ip interact with each other
  • Particular embodiments described herein are directed to creating an artificial reality system for merging realities between various user’s locations to create a joint VR space using each user’s See space.
  • This system may first determine that a particular user’s free space is sufficiently large to accommodate a joint VR space. Then, the system may map out or retrieve a map of the particular user’s free space, and coordinate with other users that also want to participate in the joint VR space by determining and creating a framework for the joint VR space that accommodates the free space restrictions of each of the users and maximizes overlap between the users’ free spaces.
  • the system would allow the user to participate in the joint VR space by, for example, drawing a doorway that can be used to enter the joint VR space (e > g., a "portal”).
  • a doorway that can be used to enter the joint VR space (e > g., a "portal”).
  • guardian boxes may be used to restrict tite movement of the users of the joint VR space by cordoning off areas that may be inaccessible to one or more of the users because they are beyond the users’ available free space.
  • the artificial reality system may first determine whether the user has enough free space to accommodate a joint VR space. As an example, the artificial reality system may determine whether the user has a minimum amount of free space by requesting the user to use a system controller (e.g., controller
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example first user designating a space 700 for merging with a joint VR space with other users.
  • the space 700 includes various items that may block the free space in a room 710 including a desk 712, a chair 714, a bed 716, and a dresser 718.
  • the middle of the room 710 is an empty arm that may be used to create a joint VR space.
  • a user 720 may use a controller 722 (e.g., controller 106) to scan the room 710 to measure the empty area.
  • the user 720 may use the controller 722 to map out the empty area by outlining the boundaries of the empty area by using straight lines (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7), lines that follow the outline of objects, other suitable methods, or atiy combination thereof.
  • the artificial reality system may request measurements from the user that may be manually inputted by the user. By accessing the measurements taken by the controller or inputted by the user, the artificial reality system can calculate the area of the free space in the room 710. If the system determines that this area is greater than a predetermined minimum area, then the system will allow the user to continue with designating the area to be used for the joint VR space. On the Other hand, if the system determines that this area is insufficient because it is less than the predetermined minimum area needed to participate in a joint VR space, then the system will output an error message to the user and notify the user that a larger area is necessary.
  • the system may then ask the user 720 to use the controller 722 to scan the room 710 to map out the empty area in the room. As shown in FIG. 7, the user 720 may use the controller 722 to designate the area 724 (as shown by the dashed lines) as the area to be used for the joint VR space.
  • the system may ask the user 720 to designate the largest area possible that is available for use in the joint VR space so that the maximum amount of space can used to determine tile overlap between various users * spaces, As another example, the system may ask the user 720 to only designate the area that the user wants the joint VR space to Cover while leaving other areas out of the assessment (e.g., a hallway area, area for a walkway, etc.). In particular embodiments, this scan of the room 710 may only be needed the first time that the user 720 requests to participate to a joint VR space. Once the system maps tint the empty area in the mom, the system may store the information for fUtqre uses.
  • the system may check the stored information first for a previously-stored map of the room before asking the user 720 to map out the empty area in the room. If the system finds a previously-stored map of the room, the system may first ask the user 720 whether he/she wants to use the previously-store map of the room and/or may ask the user 720 whether the room configuration has changes since the time the previously-store map Of the room was stored before taking filrther measurements.
  • the artificial reality system may then determine one or more other users to participate in the joint VR space.
  • the artificial reality system may ask the user 720 which other users the user 720 wants to invite to participate in the joint VR space.
  • the artificial reality system may send a list of other users to the user 720 to select from.
  • foe artificial reality system may maintain a list of other users that have expressed interest in joining a joint VR space to interact with other users.
  • the other users may be users from the user's social network as determined through social- graph information (e.g., nodes and edges, affinities, and degrees of separation), as discussed in more detail below.
  • the other users may be determined by any suitable means, including but not limited to one or more temporal limits (e.g,, other users using foe artificial reality system during the same time period as user 720), one or more location-based limits (e.g,, other users within a geographic distance or within a particular geographic area), one or more degrees of separation, one or more affiliation coefficients between foe user 720 and foe others users, one ot more commonalities between the user 720 and foe others users, or any combination thereof
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example second user designating a space 800 for merging with a joint VR space with other users.
  • a space 800 includes various items that may block the free space in a room 810, including a television stand 812, a bookshelf 814, and a sofa 816.
  • a user 818 may use a controller 820 (e.g., controller 106) to scan the room 810 to measure the empty area.
  • tire user 818 may use the controller 820 to map out the empty area by outlining the boundaries of the empty area by using straight lines (e.g., as shown in FIG, 8), lines that follow the outline of objects, other suitable methods, or any combination thereof.
  • tire system may then ask the user 818 to use the controller 820 to scan the room 810 to map out the empty area in the room.
  • the user 818 may use the controller 820 to designate the area 822 (as shown by the dashed lines) as the area to be used for the joint VR space.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example merged VR environment 900.
  • the merged VR environment 900 is created by maximizing the overlap between the free Spaces of user 720 and user 818.
  • the free space of the room 710 of User 720 is blocked by the various items in the room 710 including the desk 712, the chair 714, the bed 716, and the dresser 718.
  • the free space of the room 810 of user 818* as shown in FIG. 9 using light dashed lines is blocked by the various items in the room 810 including the television stand 812, the bookshelf 814, mid the sofa 816.
  • room 710 has a larger area and also a larger free space area than room 810* and thus the merged VR environment 900 is limited by the free space area of room 810, hi determining a maximum overlap area 910 between rooms 710 and 810, the artificial reality system may determine a maximum overlap between the maximum free Space associated with the room 710 and the maximum free space associated with the room 810.
  • This maximum overlap area 910 is then used as the joint VR space in which users 720 and 818 can use together to interact with each other and other users.
  • the maximum overlap area used as the joint VR space may be a square, rectangular, circular, polygonal, or other suitable area that maximizes the free space available.
  • the maximum overlap area used as the joint VR space may include certain areas that are cordoned off so that the users do not bump into of move to close to certain areas in the user’s room (e.g. > cordoning off an area around a stove even it is located in the free space area).
  • these areas may be cordoned off using guardian boxes displayed in the merged VR environment.
  • the guardian boxes may be visual cues that tell the users in the merged VR environment diet the area is restricted from access.
  • the artificial reality system may notify users 720 and 818 that the joint VR space is available and accessible for use to interact with each other.
  • the notifying of users 720 and 818 may include sending instructions to users 720 and 818 to generate a portal object that allows users 720 and 818 to virtually access tire joint virtual space.
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate an example of creating a portal object in space 1000 for accessing the merged VR environment.
  • generating a portal object may comprise the artificial reality system sending instructions to both users 720 and 818 to draw a virtual doorway within an area in their respective rooms 710m 810 that allows that each of users 720 and 818 to virtually access the joint virtual space. As shown in FIG.
  • space 1000 includes various items that may block (he free space in room 1010, including a television stand 1012, a bookshelf 1014, and a sofa 1016.
  • room 1019 In the middle of the room 1019 is an empty area 1018 has been used to create a joint VR space.
  • the artificial reality system may send instructions to tire user 1020 to generate a portal object in order to access the joint VR space; As an example, as shown in FIG. 10A, the artificial reality system may send instructions to the user j 020 to generate a portal object 1022 (e,g combat a door) to access the joint VR space.
  • a portal object 1022 e,g combat a door
  • the portal object 1022 may be generated by the user 1020 using a controller 1024 (e.g., controller 106) by tracing an outline of the portal object 1922, selecting tire portal object 1022 from a list of selections, or any other suitable means.
  • the user 1020 may interact with the portal object 1022 (e.g., open the door and step through the doorway 1026) in order to access the joint VR space.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example method for designating a space for merging an artificial reality system with other users. The method may begin at step 1110, where the artificial reality system may receive, from the first user, a request to create a joint virtual space to use with one or more second users.
  • the artificial reality system may determine, a first area in a first mom associated with the first user based at least in part on space Imitations associated With the first room and locations of one or more items in the first room.
  • the artificial reality system may retrieve information associated with one or more second rooms for each of the second users.
  • the artificial reality system may create, based on first area of the first room and tike information associated with each of the second rooms, the joint virtual space.
  • the artificial reality system may provide access to the joint virtual space to the first user and each of the one or more second users.
  • the artificial reality system may, prior to retrieving information associated with the one or more second rooms, determine whether the first area in the first room is equal to or larger than a predetermined minimum area, in particular embodiments, the first area may be determined by calculating the maximum free space associated with foe first room after assessing foe space limitations and the locations of foe one or more items in the first room.
  • the retrieved iafortnatioa associated with foe second rooms may comprise at least space limitations associated with each of the second rooms for each of foe second users, and locations of one or more items in each of the second rooms for each of the second users.
  • the artificial reality system may determine a second area for each of the one or more second rooms based at least in part on the Space limitations and the locations of foe one or more items, wherein foe second area is determined by calculating foe maximum free space associated with each of the one or more second rooms after assessing foe space limitations and foe locations of foe one or more items in each of foe one or more second rooms.
  • the joint virtual space may be created by determining a: maximum overlap between foe maximum free space associated with the first room and foe maximum free space associated with each of foe one or more second rooms.
  • foe providing access to the joint virtual space comprises notifying foe first user and each of foe one or more second users that the joint virtual space is available For use.
  • the notifying foe first user and each of the one or more second users may comprise sending instructions to the first user and each of tihe one or more second users to generate a portal object that allows that first user and each of the one or more second users to virtually access the joint virtual space.
  • generating a portal object may comprise sending instructions to the first user to draw a virtual doorway within the first area in tiie first room that allows that fust user to virtually access the joint virtual space, and sending instructions to each of the second users to draw a virtual doorway in the each df the second rooms that allows that each of the second users to virtually access the joint virtual space.
  • the joint virtual space may reside in a virtual reality environment, and the first user and each of the one or more second users may be virtual users in the virtual reality environment
  • Particular embodiments may repeat one or more steps of the method of FIG. 11 * where appropriate.
  • this disclosure describes and illustrates particular steps of the method of PIG. 11 as occurring in a particular order, this disclosure contemplates any suitable steps of the method of FIG. 11 occurring in any suitable order.
  • this disclosure describes and illustrates an «cample method for designating a space for merging an artificial reality system With other users including the particular steps of the method of FIG. 11, Sis disclosure contemplates any suitable method for designating a space For merging an artificial reality system with other users including any suitable steps, which may include all, some, or none of the steps of the method of FIG. 11, where appropriate.
  • this disclosure describes and illustrates particular components, devices, or systems carrying out particular steps of the method of FIG. 11, this disclosure contemplates any suitable combination of any suitable components, devices, or systems carrying out any suitable steps of the method of FIG. H.
  • one or more users may Want to collaborate with each other using content that all users can view and dynamically interact with.
  • Particular embodiments described herein are directed to an artificial reality system that synchronizes content and objects from real life with those in the digital/VR environment to enhance user interaction, communication, and cooperation with other users (e.g., for collaborating on projects).
  • This system may first determine what objects within the user’s real-life environment the tiser may want to use to collaborate with other users. Then, the system may copy and present the reaMife objects within die til of the VR shared space in real time so that other users in the VR shared space can view and interact with the objects.
  • the artificial reality system may first determine whether the user is interacting with an object that can be used to communicate and collaborate with other users. As an example, the system may detect that the object that the user is interacting with can be viewed and shared with other users or has been designated as an object that can be viewed and shared with other users. Alternatively, the user may request the system to share an object with other users by presenting an image, a video, a real-time view, or any other suitable presentation of the object to the other users.
  • FK?. 12 illustrates a first user designating an object for sharing with other users in an artificial reality system, As shown in FIG. 12, user 1210 is interacting with a stand-alone screen 1212 using a device 1214.
  • the screen 1212 may be a screen that is not connected to the virtual reality system (e.g., a chalkboard, a whiteboard, etc,).
  • the screen 1212 or may be a screen that is connected to the virtual reality system in which any information written on the screen will be copied, saved, and accessible via the system.
  • the device 1214 may be a physical device that allows the user 1210 to interact with the screen 1212 in the real world (e.gitch a writing device, a pointer device, etc.).
  • the device 1214 may be an electronic device that allows the user 1210 to interact with the screen 1212 in the real world (e,gcken an electronic pointer device) or in tire virtual world (eg., controller 106).
  • the artificial reality system may determine that the bookshelf 1216 and the bed 1218 are not objects that would he designated as objects for sharing information with other urns in the artificial reality system, while the desk 1220 may be designated as an object for sharing information for other users in die artificial reality system.
  • the user 1210 may designate the screen 1212 as the object for sharing information with other users.
  • the artificial reality system may access die environment surrounding die user 1210 to determine the positions, locations, and/or orientations of the bookshelf 1216, bed 1218, and desk 1220, and include these objects in the virtual reality display along with the screen 1212. This may provide the users with a more realistic scene and context for the location of the screen 1212, so that the users are not just viewing a screen floating in 3D space.
  • tic * 13 illustrates a second user designating an object for sharing with other users in an artificial reality system.
  • user 1310 is interacting with a screen 1312 located on a wall of the room.
  • the screen 1312 may be a physical screen located on the wall.
  • the screen 1312 may be a projected screen positioned on the wall and projected from a component of the artificial reality system or other projection system.
  • the screen 1312 may be a screen that is not connected to the virtual reality system (e.gheli in the case of a physical Screen), or may be a screen that is connected to the virtual reality system in which any information written on the screen will be copied, saved, and accessible via the system (e.g., in the case of the projected screen);
  • the user 1310 may interact With the screen 1312 using a device 1314, which may be a physical device that allows the user 1310 to interact with the screen 1312 in the real world, or an electronic device that allows the user 1310 to interact with the screen 1312 in the real world (e,g., an electronic pointer device) or in the virtual world (e g., controller 106).
  • a device 1314 which may be a physical device that allows the user 1310 to interact with the screen 1312 in the real world, or an electronic device that allows the user 1310 to interact with the screen 1312 in the real world (e,g., an electronic pointer device) or in the virtual world (e g., controller 106).
  • the artificial reality system may determine that the bookshelf 1316 and the sofa 1320 are not objects that would be designated as objects for sharing information with other users in the artificial reality system, while the television stand 1318 (with the associated television) may be designated as an object for sharing information for other users in the artificial reality system, 1 ⁇ 2 addition, the user 1310 may designate the screen 1312 as the object for sharing information with other users and/or for receiving shared information from other users.
  • the artificial reality system may access the environment surrounding the user 1310 to determine the positions, locations, and/or orientations of the bookshelf 1316, a television stand 1318, and sofa 1320, and include these Objects in the virtual reality display along with the screen 1312. As discussed above, this may provide the users with a more realistic scene and context for the location of the screen 1312, so that the users are not just viewing a screen floating in 3D space [124]
  • the artificial reality system may send a query to the User to determine whether the user wants to share a display of an interactive object with one or more other users.
  • the artificial reality system may receive a request from the user requesting to share toe display of the interactive object with one or more other users.
  • the artificial reality system may ask toe user which other users the user wants to invite to participate in the sharing of the display of an interactive object.
  • the artificial reality system may send a list of other users to the user to select from.
  • the artificial reality system may maintain a list of other users that have expressed interest in participating in toe sharing of the display of an interactive object.
  • the other users may be users from the user's social network as determined through social-graph information (e.g., nodes and edges, affinities, and degrees of separation), as discussed in more detail below.
  • the other users may be determined by any suitable means, including but not limited to one or more temporal limits (e.g., other users using the artificial reality system during toe same time period as user), one or more location-based limits (e.g., other users within a geographic distance or within a particular geographic area), one or mote degrees of separation, one or more affiliation coefficients between toe user and toe others users, one or more commonalities between toe user and the others users, or any combination tbereoC
  • temporal limits e.g., other users using the artificial reality system during toe same time period as user
  • location-based limits e.g., other users within a geographic distance or within a particular geographic area
  • one or mote degrees of separation e.g., other users within a geographic distance or within a particular geographic area
  • affiliation coefficients between toe user and toe others users e.g., one or more affiliation coefficients between toe user and toe others users
  • commonalities between toe user and the others users e.
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate various environments 1400, 1450 for various users to view a shared object
  • a user can write on a real-life whiteboard
  • the artificial reality system can synchronize the writing on the whiteboard with a virtual whiteboard so that other users in virtual reality (e.g., in a VR shared apace similar to one described above) can view and interact with the user and the content on toe whiteboard.
  • virtual reality e.g., in a VR shared apace similar to one described above
  • user 1410 may be a user that is interacting with a real-life whiteboard and using the whiteboard to write and display content to collaborate with other users 1414 and 1416
  • the other users 1414 and 1416 may be virtual users that are using headsets 1418 and 1420, respectively, to view the content display on a virtual whiteboard 1412 that is a copy of toe real- life whiteboard.
  • Users 1414 and 1416 may access the displayed whiteboard 1412 via a VR shared space (as discussed above).
  • the artificial reality system may generate a virtual whiteboard 1412 (e.g., a virtual item) as a copy of the real-life whiteboard, and then display the virtual whiteboard 1412 in the virtual reality environment (&g., the VR shared space) to users 1414 and 1416.
  • the artificial reality system may also create of copy of the user 1410, of Use an avatar associated with the user 1410, to be displayed in the virtual reality environment with the virtual whiteboard 1412.
  • the artificial reality system will update the virtual whiteboard 1412 to include the same changes as the real-life whiteboard, This allows for the synchronizing of content and objects from real life with representative versions of them in the virtual reality environment to create a mixed-reality environment that enhances interaction, communication, and collaboration between users.
  • users 1414 and 1416 may provide comments associated with the content on the virtual whiteboard 1412, which may be sent to the user 1410 individually or be visible to all users viewing the virtual whiteboard 1412.
  • the artificial reality system will update the virtual Whiteboard 1412 to include fee same changes as the real- life Whiteboard. This allows for the synchronizing of content and Objects from real life wife representative versions of them in the virtual reality environment to create a mixed-reality environment that enhances interaction, communication, and collaboration between users.
  • risers 1414, 1416, and 1454 may provide comments associated wife fee content on the virtual whiteboard 1412, which may be sent to fee user 1410 individually or be visible to all Users viewing fee virtual whiteboard 1412, [127]
  • the user may have a question regarding certain content on their computes: screen, and can request the system to synchronize the computer screen with a virtual computer screen in order to invite another user in the VR shared space to help resolve an issue or answer a question regarding the content on the computer screen.
  • the artificial reality system may receive a request from a first user to share a display of the computer screen with one or more second users.
  • this may be due to a computer problem that the first user is experiencing on the computer, and the fastest way to resolve the problem may be to ask another user to visually assess the computer (instead of explaining the problem over the telephone).
  • this may be due to the first user wanting to share content on the computer screen with another user (e.g., to collaborate on a project).
  • the artificial reality system may generate a copy of the computer screen to display in a virtual environment, and then allow file second user to view the virtual computer screen 1 ⁇ 2 the virtual environment. If changes ate made to the content displayed on the computer screen by the first User, the virtual computer screen is updated to display those changes. Similar to the embodiments discussed above, this allows for the synchronizing of content and objects from real life with representative versions of them in the virtual reality environment to create a mixed-reality environment that enhances interaction, communication, and collaboration between users.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an example method for designating and sharing various objects with other users in art artificial reality system.
  • the method may begin at step 1510, where the artificial reality system may receive a request to share a display of a first interactive item with one or more users.
  • the artificial reality system may generate a first virtual item as a copy of the first interactive item.
  • the artificial reality system may display the first virtual item in a virtual reality environment to a subset of the one or more users, wherein if changes made to the first interactive item are received, the display of the first virtual item in the virtual reality environment is updated to include the same changes as the first interactive item.
  • the request to share the display of the first interactive item may be from a first user of the one or more users that is currently interacting with the first interactive item.
  • the request to share the display of the first interactive item may be from one or more second users, the one or more second users being virtual users associated with the virtual reality environment.
  • the artificial reality system may determine one or more interactive items in an environment and send the list of interactive items to a first user for selection of at least one of the interactive items to display in the virtual reality environment.
  • the subset of the one or more users may comprise virtual users in the virtual reality environment.
  • the first interactive item may be located in a real- world environment
  • the artificial reality system may access a location of the first interactive item in relation to one or more other items surrounding the first interactive item in the real-world environment, : generate one or more second virtual items as copies of the one or more other items, and display the first virtual item and tire one or more second virtual items in the virtual reality environment based on the location of the first interactive item in relation to the one or more other items in the real-world environment.
  • the artificial reality system may access an orientation of the first interactive item in the real-world environment, and display the first virtual item in the virtual reality environment based on the orientation of the first interactive item in the real-world environment.
  • the artificial reality system may receive, from one or more users of the subset of users, comments associated with the first virtual item and send the comments to be displayed to a first user of the one or more users that is currently interacting with the first interactive item in a real-world environment.
  • the comments may comprise one or more of audio comments, video comments, or written comments,
  • Particular embodiments may repeat one car more steps of the method of FIG. 15, where appropriate.
  • this disclosure describes and illustrates particular steps of the method of FIG. 15 as occurring in a particular order, this disclosure contemplates any suitable steps of the method of FIG. 15 occurring in any suitable order.
  • this disclosure describes and illustrates an example method for designating and sharing various objects with other users in an artificial reality system including the particular steps of the method of FIG. 15, this disclosure contemplates any suitable method for designating and sharing various objects with other users in an artificial reality system including any suitable steps, which may include all, some, or none of the steps of the method of FIG. 15, where appropriate.
  • this disclosure describes and illustrates particular components, devices, or systems carrying out particular steps of the method of F1Q. 15, this disclosure contemplates any suitable combination of any suitable components, devices, or systems carrying out any suitable steps of the method of FIG, 15.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an example network environment 1606 associated with a social-networking system.
  • Network environment 1600 includes a user 1601, : a client system 1630, a social-networking system 1660, and a third-party system 1670 connected to each other by a network 1610.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a particular arrangement of user 1601, client system 1630, social-networking system 1660, third-party system 1670, and network 1610, this disclosure contemplates any suitable arrangement of veer 1601, client system 1630, social- networking system 160, third-party system 1670, and network 1610.
  • client system 1630 may be connected to each other directly, bypassing network 1610.
  • client system 1630 may be connected to each other directly, bypassing network 1610.
  • client system 1630 may be physically or logically co-loeated With each other in whole or in part
  • FIG , 16 illustrates a particular number of users 1601 , client systems 1630, sotial-netwQflting systems 1660, third-party systems 1670, and networks 1610
  • tins disclosure contemplates any suitable number of users 1601, client systems 1630, social-networking Systems 1660, third-party systems 1670, and netwQiks 1610.
  • network environment 1600 may include multiple users 1601, client system 1630, social- networking systems 1660, third-party systems 1670, and networks 1610.
  • user 1601 may be an individual (human user), an entity (e.g., an enterprise, business, or third-party application), or a group (e.g., of individuals or entities) that interacts of communicates with or over social-networkmg system 1660;
  • social-networking system 1660 may be a network-addressable computing system hosting an online social network.
  • Social-networking system 1660 may generate, store, receive, and send soeial-rtetworking data, such as, for example, user-profile data, concept-profile data, social-graph information, or other suitable data related to the online social network.
  • Social-networking system 1660 may be accessed by the other components of network environment 1606 either directly or via network 1610.
  • sociai- networking system 160 may include an authorization server (or other suitable component ⁇ )) that allows users 1601 to opt in to or opt out of having their actions logged by social-networking system 1660 or shared with other systems (e,g., third-party systems 1670), for example, by setting appropriate privacy settings.
  • a privacy setting of a user may determine what information associated with die user may be logged, how information associated with the user may be logged, when information associated with the user may be logged, who may log information associated with the user, whom information associated with die user may be shared with, and for
  • third-party system 1670 may be a network-addressable computing system. Third-party system 1670 may be accessed by the other components of network environment 1600 either directly or via network 1610, In particular embodiments, one or more users 1601 may use one or more client systems 1630 to access, send data to, and receive data from social-networking system 1660 or third-party system 1670. Client system 1630 may access social-networking system 1660 or third-party system 1670 directly, via network 1610, or via a third-party system. As an example and not by way of limitation, client system 1630 may access third-party system 1670 via social-networking system 1660. Client system 1630 may be
  • any suitable computing device such as, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet computer, or an augmented/virtual reality device.
  • network 1610 may include any suitable network 1610.
  • one or more portion® of network 1610 may include an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network fWANX a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MANX a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a cellular telephone network, or a combination of two or more of these.
  • Network 161-0 may include one or more networks 1610.
  • Links 1650 may connect client system 1630, social-networking system 1660, and third-party system 1670 to communication network 1610 of to each other.
  • This disclosure contemplates any suitable links 1650.
  • one or more links 1650 include one or more wireline (such as for example Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)), wireless (such as for example Wi-Fi or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi3 ⁇ 4iAX)), or optical (such as for example Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)) links.
  • wireline such as for example Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)
  • wireless such as for example Wi-Fi or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi3 ⁇ 4iAX)
  • optical such as for example Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) links.
  • one or more links 1650 each include an ad hoc network, an intranet, : an extranet, a VPN, a LAN, a WLAN, a WAN, a WWAN, a MAN, a portion of " the Internet, a portion of the PSTN, a cellular technology-based network, a satellite communications technology-based network, another link 1650, or a combination of two or more such links 1650.
  • Links 1650 need not necessarily be the same throughout network environment 1600, One or more first links 1650 may differ in one or more respects from one or more second links 1650.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates example social graph 1700
  • social- networking system 160 may store one or more social graphs 1700 in one or more data stores.
  • sexual graph 1700 may include multiple nodes—which may include multiple user nodes 1702 or multiple concept nodes 1704— and multiple edges 1706 connecting the nodes.
  • Example Social graph 1700 illustrated in FIQ. 17 is shown, for didactic purposes, : in a
  • a social-networking system 1660, client system 1630, or third-party system 1670 may access social graph 1700 and related social-graph information for suitable applications.
  • the nodes and edges of social graph 1700 may be stored as data objects, for example, in a data store (such as a social-graph database).
  • a data store such as a social-graph database
  • Such a data store may include one or more searchable or queryab!e indexes of nodes or edges of social graph 1700.
  • a user node 1702 may correspond to a user of social- networking system 1660.
  • a user may be an individual (human user), an entity (e g., an enterprise, business, or third-party application), or a group (e.g., of individuals or entities) that interacts or communicates with or over socialnetworking system 1660.
  • social-networking system 1660 may create a user node 1702 corresponding to the user, and store the user node 1702 in one or more data stores.
  • Users and user nodes 1702 described herein may, where appropriate, refer to registered users and user nodes 1702 associated with registered users.
  • users and user nodes 1702 described herein may, where appropriate, refer to users that have not registered with social- networking system 1660.
  • a user node 1702 may be associated with information provided by a user or information gathered by various systems, including social- networking system 1660.
  • a user may provide his or her name, profile picture, contact information, birth date, sex, marital status, family status, employment, education background, preferences, interests, or other demographic information.
  • a user node 1702 may be associated with one or more data objects corresponding to information associated with a user.
  • a user node 1702 may correspond to one or more webpages.
  • a concept node 1704 may correspond to a concept.
  • a concept may correspond to a place (such as, for example, a movie theater, restaurant, landmark, or city); a website (such as, for example, a website associated with social-network system 1660 or a third-party website associated whh a web-application server); an entity (such as, for example, a person, business, group, sports team, or celebrity); a resource (such as, for example, an audio file, video file, digital photo, text file, structured document, or application) which may be located within social-networking system 1660 or on an external server, such as a web-application server; real or intellectual property (such as, for example, a sculpture, painting, movie, game, song, idea, photograph, or written Work); a game; an activity; an idea or theory; another suitable concept; or two or more such concepts.
  • a place such as, for example, a movie theater, restaurant, landmark, or city
  • a website such as, for example, a website associated with
  • a concept node 1704 may be associated with information of a concept provided by a user or information gathered by various systems, including social-networking system 1660, As an example and not by way of limitation, information of a concept may include a name or a title; one or more images (e.g., an image of the cover page of a book); a location (e.g., an address or a geographical location); a website (which may be associated with a URL); contact information (e.g., a phone number or an email address); other suitable concept information; or any suitable combination of such information.
  • a concept node 1704 may be associated with one or more date objects corresponding to information associated with concept node 1704.
  • a concept node 1704 may correspond to one or more webpages.
  • a node in social graph 1700 may represent or be represented by a webpage (which may be referred to as a“profile page’’).
  • Profile pages may be hosted by or accessible to social-networking system 1606.
  • Profile pages may also be hosted on third-party websites associated with a third-party server 1670.
  • a profile page corresponding to a particular external webpage may be the particular external webpage and the profile page may correspond to a particular concept node 1704, Profile pages may be viewable by all or « selected subset of other users.
  • a user node 1702 may have a corresponding user-profile page in which the corresponding user may add Content, make declarations, or otherwise express himself or herself
  • a concept node 1704 may have a corresponding concept-profile page in which one or more users may add content, make declarations, or express themselves, particularly iti relation to the concept corresponding to concept node 1704.
  • a concept node 1704 may represent a third-party webpage or resource hosted by a third-party system 1670.
  • the third-party webpage or resource may include, among other elements, content, a selectable or other icon, or other inter-actable object (which may be implemented, for example, in JavaScript, AJAX, or PHP codes) representing an action or activity.
  • a third-party webpage may include a selectable icon such as“like,”“check-in,”“eat,”“recommend,” or another suitable action or activity.
  • a user viewing the third-party webpage may perform an action by selecting one of the icons (e.g.,“check-in”), causing a client system 130 to send to social-networking system 1660 a message indicating the user’s action.
  • social-networking system 1660 may create an edge (e.gitch a check-in-type edge) between a user node 1702 corresponding to the user and a concept node 1704 corresponding to the third-party webpage or resource and store edge 1706 in one or more data stores.
  • a pair of nodes in social graph 1700 may be connected to each other by one or more edges 1706.
  • An edge 1706 connecting a pair of nodes may represent a relationship between the pair of nodes.
  • an edge 1706 may include or represent one of more data objects or attributes corresponding to the relationship between a pair of nodes.
  • a first user may indicate that a second user is a“friend" of the first user.
  • social-networking system 1660 may send a“friend request" to the second user.
  • social-networking system 1660 may create an edge 1706 connecting the first user’s user node 1702 to the second user’s user node 1702 in social graph 1700 and store edge 1706 as social-graph information in one or more of data stores 1664.
  • edge 1706 connecting the first user’s user node 1702 to the second user’s user node 1702 in social graph 1700 and store edge 1706 as social-graph information in one or more of data stores 1664.
  • social graph 1700 includes an edge 1706 indicating a friend relation between user nodes 1702 of user“A” and user“B” and an edge indicating a friend relation between user nodes 1702 of user “C” and user“B.”
  • an edge 1706 may represent a friendship, family relationship» business or employment relationship, fen relationship (including, e.g. liking, etc.), follower relationship» visitor relationship (Including, e.g., accessing, viewing, checking-in, sharing, etc.), subscriber relationship, superior/subordinate relationship, reciprocal relationship, non-reciprocal relationship, another suitable type of relationship, or two or more such relationships.
  • an edge 1706 between a user node 1702 and a concept node 1704 may represent a particular action or activity performed by a user associated with user node 1702 toward a concept associated with a concept node 1704.
  • a user may“like,”“attended,”“played,”“listened,” “cocked,” “worked at,” or“watched” a concept, each of which may correspond to an edge type Or subtype.
  • a concept-profile page corresponding to a concept node 1704 may include, for example» a selectable“check in” icon (such as, for example, a clickable“check in” icon) or a selectable“add to favorites" icon.
  • social-networking system 160 may create a“favorite” edge or a“check in” edge in response to a user’s action corresponding to a respective action.
  • a user user“C”
  • social-networking system 1660 may create a “listened” edge 1706 and a“used” edge (as illustrated in FIG. 17) between user nodes 1702 corresponding to the user and concept nodes 1704 corresponding to the song and application to indicate that the user listened to the song and used the application.
  • social-networking system 1660 may create a“played” edge 1706 (as illustrated in FIG. 17) between concept nodes 1704 corresponding to the song and tire application to indicate that the particular song was played by the particular application,
  • “played” edge 1706 corresponds to an action performed by an external application (SPOTIFY) on am external audio file (the song“Imagine”).
  • SPOTIFY an external application
  • this disclosure describes particular edges 1706 with particular attributes connecting user nodes 1702 and concept node® 1704, this disclosure contemplates any suitable edges 1706 With any suitable attributes connecting user nodes 1702 and concept nodes 1704.
  • edges between a user node 1702 and a concept node 1704 representing a single relationship
  • this disclosure contemplates edges between a user node 1702 and a concept node 1704 representing one or more relationships.
  • an edge 1706 may represent both that a user tikes and has used at a particular concept.
  • another edge 1706 may represent each type of relationship (or multiples of a single relationship) between a user node 1702 and a concept node 1704 (as illustrated in FIG. 17 between user node 1702 for user“E” and concept node 1704 for“SPOTIFY”).
  • social-networking system 1660 may create an edge 1706 between a user node 1702 and a concept node 1704 in social graph 1700.
  • a user viewing a concept-profile page (such as, for example, by using a web browser or a special-purpose application hosted by the user’s client system 1630) may indicate that he or she likes the concept represented by the concept node 1704 by clicking or selecting a“Like" icon, which may cause the user’s client system 1630 to send to social- networking system 1660 a message indicating the user’s liking of the concept associated with the concept-profile page.
  • social-networking system 1660 may create an edge 1706 between user node 1702 associated with the user and concept node 1704, as illustrated by“like” edge 1706 between the user and concept node 1704.
  • social- networking system 1660 may store an edge 1706 in One or more data stores.
  • an edge 1706 may be automatically formed by social-networking system 1660 in response to a particular user action. As an example and not by way of limitation, if a first user uploads a picture, watches a movie, or listens to a song, an edge 1706 may be formed between user node 1702 corresponding to the first user and concept nodes 1704 corresponding to those concepts.
  • this disclosure describes forming particular edges 1706 in particular manners, this disclosure contemplates forming any suitable edges 1706 in any suitable manner.
  • social-networking system 1660 may determine the social-graph affinity (which may be referred to herein as“affinity”) of various social-graph entities for each other, Affinity may represent the strength of a relationship or level of interest between particular objects associated with the online social network, such as users, concepts, content, actions, advertisements, other objects associated with the online social network, or any suitable combination thereof. Affinity may also be determined with respect to objects associated with third-party systems 1670 or other suitable systems. An overall affinity for a social-graph entity for each user, subject matter, or type of content may be established. The overall affinity
  • this disclosure describes determining particular affinities in a particular manner, this disclosure contemplates determining any suitable affinities 1 ⁇ 4 any suitable manner.
  • social-networking system 1660 may measure or quantify social-graph affinity using an affinity coefficient (which may be referred to herein as “coefficient”).
  • the coefficient may represent or quantify the strength of a relationship between particular objects associated with the online social network.
  • the coefficient may also represent a probability or function that measures a predicted probability that a user will perform a particular action based on the user’s interest in the action. In this way, a user’s future actions may be predicted based on the user’s prior actions, where the coefficient may be calculated at least in part the history of the user’s actions. Coefficients may be wed to predict any number of actions, which may be within or outside of the online social network.
  • these actions may include various types of communications, such as sending messages, posting content, or commenting on content; various types of observation actions, such as accessing or viewing profile pages, media, or other suitable content; various types of coincidence information about two or more social-graph entities, such as being in the same group, tagged hi the same photograph, checked-in at the same location, or attending the same event; or other suitable actions.
  • communications such as sending messages, posting content, or commenting on content
  • observation actions such as accessing or viewing profile pages, media, or other suitable content
  • coincidence information about two or more social-graph entities such as being in the same group, tagged hi the same photograph, checked-in at the same location, or attending the same event; or other suitable actions.
  • social-networking system 1660 may use a variety of factors to calculate a coefficient, These factors may include, for example, user actions, types of relationships between objects, location information, other suitable factors # or any combination thereof to particular embodiments, different factors may be weighted differently when calculating the coefficient.
  • the weights for each factor may be static or the weights may change according to, for example, foe user, foe type of relationship, foe type of action, foe user’s location, and so forth. Ratings for the factors may be combined according to their weights to determine an overall coefficient for the user.
  • particular user actions may be assigned both a rating and a weight while a relationship associated with foe particular user action is assigned a rating and a correlating weight (e.g., so the weights total 100%),
  • foe raring assigned to the user’s actions may comprise, for example # 60% of foe overall coefficient, while foe relationship between foe user and foe object may comprise 40% of the overall coefficient, to particular embodiments, the social-networking system 160 may consider a variety of variables when determining weights for various factors used to calculate a coefficient, such as, for example, foe time since information was accessed, decay factors, frequency of access, relationship to information or relationship to foe object about which information was accessed, relationship to social-gtoph entities connected to foe object, short- or long-term averages of user actions, user feedback, other suitable variables, or any combination thereof.
  • a coefficient may include a decay factor that causes foe strength of foe signal provided by particular actions to decay with time # such that more reeetit actions are more relevant when calculating the coefficient.
  • the ratings and weights may be continuously updated based on continued tracking of foe actions upon which foe coefficient is based, Any type of process or algorithm may be employed for assigning, combining, averaging, and so forth the ratings for each factor and the weights assigned to the factors.
  • social- networking system 160 may determine coefficients using machine-learning algorithms trained on historical actions and past user responses, or data formed f3 ⁇ 4om users by exposing them to various options and measuring responses.
  • social-networking system 1660 may calculate a coefficient based on a user’s actions. Social-networking system 1660 may monitor such actions on the online social network, on a third-party system 1670, on other suitable systems, or any combination thereof. Any suitable type of user actions may be tracked or monitored. Typical user actions include viewing profile pages, creating or posting content, interacting with content, tagging or being tagged in images, joining groups, listing and confirming attendance at events, checking-in at locations* liking particular pages, creating pages, and performing other tasks that facilitate social action.
  • social-networking system 1660 may calculate a coefficient based on the user's actions with particular types of content
  • the content may be associated With the online social network, a third-party system 1670, or another suitable system.
  • the content may include users, profile pages, posts, news stories* headlines, instant messages, chat room conversations, emails, advertisements, pictures, video, music, other suitable objects, or any combination thereof,
  • Social-networking system 1660 may analyze a user’s actions to determine whether one or more of the actions indicate an affinity for subject matter, content, other users, and so forth.
  • social-networking system 1660 may determine the user has a high coefficient with respect to the concept“coffee”. Particular actions or types of actions may be assigned a higher weight and/or reting than other actions* which may affect the overall calculated coefficient. As an example and not by way of limitation, if a first user emails a second user, the weight or the rating for the action may be higher than if the first user simply views the user-profilie page for the second user.
  • social-networking system 1660 may calculate a coefficient based on the type of relationship between particular objects. Referencing the social graph 1700* social-networking system 1660 may analyze the number and/or type of edges 1706 connecting particular user nodes 1702 and concept nodes 1704 when calculating a coefficient.
  • user nodes 1702 that ate connected by a spouse-type edge may be assigned a higher coefficient than a user nodes 1702 that are connected by a friend-type edge.
  • the overall affinity may be determined to be higher for content about the user’s spouse than for content about the user's friend.
  • the relationships a user has with another object may affect the weights and/or the ratings of the user’s actions with respect to calculating the coefficient for that object.
  • social-networking system 1660 may determine that the user has a higher coefficient with respect to the first photo than the second photo because having a tagged-in-type relationship with content may be assigned a higher weight and/or rating than having a Hike-type relationship with content
  • social-networking system 1660 may calculate a coefficient for a first user based cm the relationship one or more second users have with a particular obj ect.
  • the connections and coefficients other users have with an object may affect the first user’s coefficient tor the object.
  • social- networking system 1660 may determine that the first user should also have a relatively high coefficient for the particular object.
  • the coefficient may be based on the degree of separation between particular objects.
  • the lower coefficient may represent tee decreasing likelihood that the first user will share an interest in content objects Of the user that is indirectly connected to the first user in the social graph 1700.
  • social-graph entities that are closer in tee social graph 1700 i.e., fewer degrees of separation
  • social-networking system 1660 may calculate a coefficient based on location information. Objects that are geographically closer to each other may be considered to be more related or of more interest to each other than more distant objects.
  • tee coefficient of a user towards a particular object may be based on the proximity of the object’s location to a current location associated with the user (or the location of a client system 1630 of the user). A first user may be more interested in other users or concepts that are closer to the first user.
  • social-networking system 1660 may determine that the user has a higher coefficient for the airport than the gas station based on the proximity of the airport to the user.
  • social-networking system 1660 may perform particular actions with respect to a user based on coefficient information. Coefficients may be used to predict whether a user will perform a particular action based on the user’s interest in the action. A coefficient may be used when generating or presenting any type of objects to a user, such as advertisements, search results, news stories, media, messages, notifications, or other suitable objects. The coefficient may also be utilized to rank and order such objects, as appropriate. In this way, social-networking system 1660 may provide information that is relevant to user’s interests and current circumstances, increasing the likelihood that they will find such information of interest. In particular embodiments, social-networking system 1660 may generate content based on coefficient information.
  • Content objects may be provided or selected based on coefficients specific to a user.
  • the coefficient may be used to generate media for the user, where the user may he presented with media for which the user has a high overall coefficient with respect to the media object.
  • the coefficient may be used to generate advertisements for the user, where the user may be presented with advertisements for which the user has a high overall coefficient with respect to ihe advertised object.
  • social-networking System 1660 may generate search results based on coefficient information. Search results for a particular user may be scored or ranked based on the coefficient associated with the search results with respect to the querying user. As an example and not by way of limitation, search results corresponding to objects with higher coefficients may be ranked higher on a search- results page than results corresponding to objects having lower coefficients.
  • social-networking system 1660 may calculate a coefficient in response to a request for a coefficient from a particular system or process. To predict the likely actions a user may take (or may be the subject of) in a given situation, any process may request a calculated coefficient for a user. The request may also include a set of weights to Use for various factors used to calculate the coefficient This request may come from a process running on the online social network, from a third-party system 167G (e.g., via an API or other communication channel), or from another suitable system. In response to the request social-networking system 1660 may calculate die coefficient (or access the coefficient information if it has previously been calculated and stored).
  • social- networking system 1660 may measure an affinity With respect to a particular process. Different processes (both internal and external to the online social network) may request a coefficient for a particular object or set of objects. Social-networking system 1660 may provide a measure of affinity that is relevant to the particular process that requested the measure of affinity. In this Way, each process receives a measure of affinity that is tailored for die different context in which the process will use the measure of affinity.
  • one or more of the content objects of the online social network may be associated with a privacy setting.
  • the privacy settings (or“access settings”) for an object may be stored in any suitable manner, such as, for example, in association with the object, in an index on an authorization; server, in another suitable manner, or any combination thereof.
  • a privacy setting of an object may specify how the object (or particular information associated with an object) can be accessed (e,g ⁇ , viewed or shared) using the online social network.
  • the privacy settings for an object allow a particular user to access that object, : the object may he described as being“visible” with respect to that riser.
  • a user of the online social network may specify privacy settings for a user- profile page identify a set of users that may access the work experience information on the user- profile page, thus excluding other users from accessing die information.
  • the privacy settings may specify a "blocked list” of users that should not be allowed to access certain information associated with the object.
  • the blocked list may specify one or more users or entities for which an object is not visible.
  • a user may specify a set of users that may not access photos albums associated with the user, thus excluding those users from accessing the photo albums (while also possibly allowing certain users not within the set of users to access the photo albums).
  • privacy settings may be associated with particular social-graph elements.
  • Privacy settings of a social -graph element such as a node or an edge, may specify how the social-graph element, information associated with the social-graph element, or content objects associated with the social-graph element can be accessed using the online social network.
  • a particular concept node 1704 corresponding to a particular photo may have a privacy setting specifying that the photo may only be accessed by users tagged in the photo and their Mends.
  • privacy settings may allow users to opt in or opt out of having their actions logged by social-networking system 160 or shared with other systems (e.g., third-party system 1670).
  • the privacy settings associated with an object may specify any suitable granularity of permitted access or denial of access.
  • access or denial of access may be specified for particular users (e.g., only me, my roommates, and my boss), users within a particular degrees-of-separation (e,g., Mends, or friends-of-friends), user groups (e > g, the gaming club, my family), user networks (e.g, employees of particular employers, students or alumni of particular university), all users ("public”), no users (“private”), users of third-party systems 170, particular applications (e.g, third-party applications, external websites), other suitable users or entities, or any combination thereof
  • this disclosure describes using particular privacy settings in a particular manner, tills disclosure contemplates using any suitable: privacy settings in any suitable manner.
  • one or more servers 1662 may be autiiorization/privacy servers for enforcing privacy settings.
  • social-networking system 160 may send a request to the data store 1664 for the object The request may identify the user associated with the request and may only bo sent to the user (or a client system 1630 of the user) if the authorization server determines that the user is authorized to access the object based on the privacy settings associated with the object. If the requesting user is not authorized to access the object, the authorization server may prevent the requested object from being retrieved from the date Store 1664, or may prevent the requested object from be sent to the user.
  • an object may only be generated as a search result if the querying user is authorized to access the object In other words, the object must have a visibility that is visible to the querying user. If the object has a visibility that is not visible to the user, the object may be excluded from the search results.
  • FIG, 18 illustrates an example Computer system 1800.
  • one Or more computer systems 1800 perform one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein.
  • one or more computer systems I860 providesolutionality described or. illustrated herein.
  • software running on one or more computer systems 1800 performs one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein or provides functionality described or illustrated herein.
  • Particular embodiments include one or more portions of one or more computer systems 1800.
  • reference to a computer system may encompass a computing device, and vice versa, where appropriate.
  • reference to a computer system may encompass one or more computer systems, where appropriate.
  • Computer system 1800 may be an embedded computer system, a system ⁇ on-chip (SOC), a single-board computer system (SBC) (such as, for example, a computer-on-modul e (COM) of system-on-module (SOM)), a desktop computer system, a laptop dr notebook computer system, an interactive Mode, a mainframe, a mesh of computer systems, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a server, a tablet computer system, or a combination of two or more of these, Where appropriate, computer system 1800 may include one or more computer systems 1800; be unitary or distributed; span multiple locations; span multiple machines; span multiple data centers; or reside in a cloud, which may include one or more cloud components in one nr more networks.
  • SOC system ⁇ on-chip
  • SBC single-board computer system
  • COM computer-on-modul e
  • SOM system-on-module
  • desktop computer system such as, for example, a computer-on-modul e (COM) of system-on-
  • one or more computer systems 1800 may perform without substantial spatial or temporal limitation one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein.
  • one or more Computer systems 1800 may perform in real time or in batch mode one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein.
  • One or more computer systems 1800 may perform at different times or at different locations one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein, where appropriate.
  • computer system 1800 includes a processor 1802, memory 1804, storage 1806, an input/output (I/O) interface 1808, a communication interface 1810, and a bus 1812.
  • I/O input/output
  • this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular computer system having a particular number of particular components in a particular arrangement, this disclosure contemplates any suitable computer system having any suitable number of any suitable components in any suitable arrangement.
  • processor 1802 includes hardware for executing instructions, such as those making up a computer program.
  • processor 1802 may retrieve (or fetch) the instructions from an internal register, an internal cache, memory 1804, or storage 1806; decode and execute them; and then write one or more results to an internal register, an internal cache, memory 1804, or storage 1806.
  • processor 1802 may include one or more internal caches for dam, instructions, or addresses. This disclosure contemplates processor 1802 including any suitable number of any suitable internal caches, where appropriate.
  • processor 1802 may include one or more instruction caches, one or more data caches, and one or more translation lookaside buffers (TLBs).
  • TLBs translation lookaside buffers
  • Instructions in the instruction caches may be copies of instructions in memory 1804 or storage 1806, and the instruction caches may speed up retrieval of those instructions by processor 1802.
  • Data in the data caches may be copies of data in memory 1804 or storage 1806 for instructions executing at processor 1802 to operate on; the results of previous instructions executed at processor 1802 for access by subsequent instructions executing at processor 1802 or for wiring to memory 1804 or storage .1806; or other suitable data.
  • 'Hie data caches may speed up read or write operations by processor 1802.
  • the TLBs may speed up virtual-address translation for processor 1802.
  • processor 1802 may include one or more internal registers for data, instructions, or addresses, This disclosure contemplates processor 1802 including any suitable number of any suitable internal registers, where appropriate. Where appropriate, processor 1802 may include one or more arithmetic logic units (ALUs); be a multi-core processor; or include one or more processors 1802.
  • memory 1804 includes main memory for storing instructions for processor 1802 to execute or data for processor 1802 to operate oft.
  • computer system 1800 may load instructions from storage 1806 or another source (such as, for example, another computer system 1800) to memory 1804
  • Processor 1802 may then load the instructions from memory 1804 to an internal register of internal cache
  • processor 1802 may retrieve the instructions from the internal register or internal cache and decode them.
  • processor 1802 may write one or more results (which may be intermediate or final results) to the internal register or internal cache.
  • Processor 1802 may then write one or more of those results to memory 1804.
  • processor 1802 executes only instructions in one or more internal registers or internal caches or in memory 1804 (as opposed to storage 1806 or elsewhere) and operates only on data in one or more internal registers or interned caches or in memory 1804 (as opposed to storage 1806 or elsewhere).
  • One or more memory buses (which may each include an address bus and a data bus) may couple processor 1802 to memory 1804.
  • Bus 1812 may include one or more memory buses, as described below.
  • one or more memory management units reside between processor 1802 and memory 1804 and facilitate accesses to memory 1804 requested by processor 1802,
  • memory 1804 includes random access memory (RAM).
  • This RAM may be volatile memory, where appropriate Where appropriate, this RAM may be dynamic RAM (DRAM) pr static RAM (SRAM). Moreover, where appropriate, this RAM may be single-ported or multi-ported RAM. This disclosure contemplates any suitable RAM.
  • Memory 1804 may include one or more memories 1804, where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates particular memory, this disclosure contemplates any suitable memory.
  • storage 1806 includes mass storage for data or instructions.
  • storage 1806 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), a floppy disk drive, flash memory, an optical disc, a magneto-optical disc, magnetic tape, or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive Or a combination of two or more of these.
  • Storage 1806 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media, where appropriate.
  • Storage 1806 may be internal or external to computer system 1800, where appropriate.
  • storage 1806 is non-volatile, solid-state memory.
  • storage 1806 includes read-only memory (ROM).
  • this ROM may be mask-programmed ROM, programmable ROM (FROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEFROM), electrically alterable ROM (EARQM), or flash memory or a combination of two or more of these.
  • This disclosure contemplates mass storage 1806 taking any suitable physical form.
  • Storage 1806 may include one or more storage control units facilitating communication between processor 1802 and storage 1806, where appropriate. Where appropriate, storage 1806 may include one or more storages 1806. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates particular storage » this disclosure contemplates any suitable storage.
  • I/O interface 1808 includes hardware, software, or both, providing one or more interfaces for communication between computer system 1800 and one or more I/O devices.
  • Computer system 1890 may include one or more of these I/O devices, where appropriate.
  • One or more of these VO devices may enable communication between a person and computer system 1800.
  • an I/O device may include a keyboard, keypad, microphone, monitor, mouse, printer, scanner, speaker, still camera, stylus, tablet, touch screen, : trackball, video camera, another suitable I/O device or a combination of two of more of these.
  • An I/O device may include one or more sensors. This disclosure contemplates any suitable I/O devices and any suitable I/O interfaces 1808 for them.
  • I/O interface 1808 may include one or more device or software drivers enabling processor 1802 to drive one or more of these VO devices.
  • I/O interface 1808 may include one or more I/O interfaces 1808, where appropriate, although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular I/O interface, this disclosure contemplates any suitable l/Q interface.
  • communication interface 1810 includes hardware, software, or both providing one or more interfaces for communication (such as, for example, packet-based communication) between computer system 1800 and one or more other computer systems 1800 or one or more networks.
  • communication interface 1810 may include a network interface controller (NIC) or network adapter for communicating with an Ethernet or other wire-based network cor a wireless NIC (WNIC) or wireless adapter for communicating with a wireless network, such as a WI-FI network, litis disclosure contemplates any suitable network and any suitable communication interface 1810 for it.
  • computer system 1800 may communicate with an ad hoc network, a personal area network (PAN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), or one or more portions of the Internet or a combination of two or more of these.
  • PAN personal area network
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • MAN metropolitan area network
  • One or more portions of one or more of these networks may be wired or wireless,
  • computer system 1800 may communicate with a wireless PAN (WPAN) (such as, for example, a BLUETOOTH WPAN), a WI-FI network, a WI-MAX network, a cellular telephone network (such as, for example, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network), or other suitable wireless network or a combination of two or mote of these.
  • WPAN wireless PAN
  • WI-FI such as, for example, a BLUETOOTH WPAN
  • WI-MAX such as, for example, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • Computer system 1800 may include any suitable communication interface 1810 for any of these networks, where appropriate, Communication interface 1810 may include one or more commmiication interfaces 1810, where appropriate.
  • this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular communication interface, this disclosure contemplates any suftaMe communication interface.
  • bus 1812 includes hardware, software, or both coupling components of computer system 1800 to each other.
  • bus 1812 may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a front-side bus (FSB), a HYPERTRANSPORT (HT) interconnect, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an INFINIBAND interconnect, a low-pin-count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a FCl-Express (PCIe) bus, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association local (VLB) bus, or another suitable bus or a combination of two or more of these.
  • Bus 1812 may include one or more buses 1812, where appropriate.
  • a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium or media may include one or more semiconductor-based or other integrated circuits (IQs) (such, as for example, field- ptogmmmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific ICs (ASICS)), hard disk drives (HDDs), hybrid hard drives (HHDs), optical discs, optical disc drives (ODDs), magneto-optical discs, magnetooptical drives, floppy diskettes, floppy disk drives (FDDs), magnetic tapes, solid- state drives (SSDs), RAM-drives, SECURE DIGITAL cards or drives, any other suitable computer-readable non-transitory storage media, or any suitable combination of two or mote of these, where appropriate.
  • IQs semiconductor-based or other integrated circuits
  • FPGAs field- ptogmmmable gate arrays
  • ASICS application-specific ICs
  • HDDs hard disk drives
  • HDs hybrid hard drives
  • ODDs optical disc drives
  • magneto-optical discs
  • an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, tamed on, orimtocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative.

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