WO2020135276A1 - Electromagnetic lens, antenna, and cpe - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and provide an electromagnetic lens, an antenna, and a CPE. A cavity is provided in the electromagnetic lens; the electromagnetic lens comprises N lens units that are sequentially arranged along the axis of the electromagnetic lens, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; the dielectric constant distribution of the N lens units enables an electromagnetic wave that passes through the electromagnetic lens to be converged towards the interior of the cavity of the electromagnetic lens.

Description

An electromagnetic lens, antenna and CPE

This application requires the priority of the Chinese patent application submitted to the State Intellectual Property Office on December 24, 2018, with the application number 201811585252.X and the application name "an electromagnetic lens, antenna and CPE", the entire content of which is incorporated by reference In this application.

Technical field

This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to an electromagnetic lens, antenna and CPE.

Background technique

With the rapid development of communication technology and the maturity of the communication industry chain, wireless communication has become an indispensable part of people's lives. People can receive and send various information through terminal devices anytime, anywhere. At present, more than 85% of houses in Europe and America are energy-saving designs. The attenuation of energy-saving materials even exceeds 20dB, which is difficult to meet the communication needs. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the signal of the antenna to improve the business throughput rate.

The existing antennas are mainly divided into two types: directional antennas and omnidirectional antennas.

Among them, the directional antenna can directionally receive the signal from the source base station, but the source and installation location need to be selected when it is installed, and after installation, it needs to be aligned and debugged, requiring professional operation, and high maintenance cost and long cycle.

The omni-directional antenna receives signals within a horizontal 360° range. Although it does not need to be aligned and debugged during installation, its system gain is low, even less than 2dB, and its ability to improve service throughput is limited.

Summary of the invention

The embodiments of the present application provide an electromagnetic lens, an antenna, and a CPE, which realize the omnidirectional convergence of electromagnetic waves and improve the system gain.

To achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

A first aspect of the present application provides an electromagnetic lens, a cavity is provided inside the electromagnetic lens, the electromagnetic lens includes N lens units arranged in sequence along an axis of the electromagnetic lens, N is an integer greater than 1, The dielectric constant distribution of the N lens units causes the electromagnetic waves passing through the electromagnetic lens to converge into the cavity of the electromagnetic lens.

The electromagnetic lens provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of lens units, and the dielectric constant distribution of each lens unit can realize the omnidirectional convergence of electromagnetic waves.

In an optional implementation manner, the electromagnetic lens is a cylindrical prism or a hollow sphere penetrating along the axis. As a result, the electromagnetic lens is made into a cylindrical shape with a uniform thickness, which is easier to process than a conventional curved lens.

In an optional implementation manner, the electromagnetic lens includes an intermediate position, and the N lens units are arranged in such a manner that the dielectric constant sequentially decreases from the intermediate position of the electromagnetic lens toward both ends and is symmetrically distributed. Thereby, the electromagnetic wave passing through the electromagnetic lens can be concentrated to the center position of the electromagnetic lens.

In an optional implementation manner, the lens unit is made of a single material, the material of each lens unit with a different dielectric constant is different, and each lens unit is stacked to form the electromagnetic lens. Thus, the dielectric constant of each lens unit can be adjusted by changing the material of each lens unit.

In an optional implementation manner, the lens unit is made of more than two mixed materials, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit is related to the dielectric constant of each mixed material and the volume ratio of each mixed material. Thus, the dielectric constant of each lens unit can be adjusted by changing the proportion of the mixed material, which reduces the difficulty of processing the electromagnetic lens.

In an optional implementation manner, the lens unit is made of a mixture of two materials, and the equivalent dielectric constant ε _{eff of} the lens unit satisfies the following formula:

Where ε _i is the dielectric constant of the first of the two materials, ε _eff is the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit, ε _h is the dielectric constant of the second of the two materials, and p is The volume ratio of the second material to the first material. Thus, the dielectric constant of each lens unit of the electromagnetic lens can be realized according to the relationship between the dielectric constants, volume ratios and equivalent dielectric constants of the first and second materials shown in the above formula control. Moreover, only two materials are selected, which reduces the types of mixed materials and reduces the processing difficulty.

In an alternative implementation, the gain ΔG generated by the electromagnetic wave of the electromagnetic lens satisfies the following formula:

ε _h≈ ε _i +ΔG+(1-p)

Wherein, ΔG is the gain generated by the electromagnetic lens to the passing electromagnetic wave. Therefore, according to the above formula, the gain ΔG generated by the electromagnetic wave of the electromagnetic lens, the dielectric constant value of the second material and the first material, and the relationship between the volume ratio of the two materials can be obtained. Quickly determine the system gain ΔG, or quickly select materials based on the target gain ΔG.

In an optional implementation manner, each lens unit of the electromagnetic lens uses one of two materials as a base material, and a through hole is opened on the base material, and the other of the two materials A material is filled in the through hole, wherein the proportion of the filling material in each lens unit having a different dielectric constant is different. Therefore, the dielectric constant of each lens unit can be adjusted only by adjusting the proportion of the filling material, which reduces the difficulty of processing the electromagnetic lens.

In an optional implementation manner, the base material is a polyvinyl chloride material. As a result, the weight of the electromagnetic lens can be reduced, and the engineering utilization rate is higher.

In an alternative implementation, the filling material is air or water. Thus, when the filling material is air, that is to say, holes can be punched in the base material, and the dielectric constant of each lens unit can be adjusted by adjusting the density and size of the hole punched in each lens unit, thereby further reducing the electromagnetic lens Processing difficulty.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, including: the antenna is disposed in the cavity of the electromagnetic lens as described above.

The antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application adopts the electromagnetic lens of the above structure, wherein the electromagnetic lens can realize the omnidirectional convergence of electromagnetic waves and improve the system gain of the antenna.

In an alternative implementation of the second aspect, the number N of layers of the electromagnetic lens is determined by the area S ₁ of the signal receiving surface of the electromagnetic lens and the area S ₂ of the signal receiving surface of the antenna body, wherein the electromagnetic lens The number N of layers satisfies the following formula:

or,

among them,

The value is an integer greater than 1. Thus, the number of layers of the electromagnetic lens can be designed according to the above formula.

In an optional implementation manner of the second aspect, the antenna is an omnidirectional antenna.

Among them, after the omnidirectional antenna is installed, there is no need for alignment and debugging, which improves the self-installation rate of equipment users and reduces the engineering deployment cost of operators. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application provide that by installing the electromagnetic lens outside the omnidirectional antenna, the system gain of the antenna is improved under the premise of easy installation and maintenance.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a customer terminal equipment CPE, where the CPE includes the electromagnetic lens as described above, and the antenna as described above.

The CPE provided by the embodiment of the present application is provided with the above-mentioned electromagnetic lens, so that the CPE can make full use of the multipath signal and amplify the signal, thereby improving the system gain and thus the service throughput rate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

The following is a brief introduction to the drawings required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic lens provided by an embodiment of this application;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation model of an electromagnetic lens provided by an embodiment of the present application;

3 is a top view of a simulation model of an electromagnetic lens provided by an embodiment of this application;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation model of a flat-type electromagnetic lens provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is an electric field distribution diagram of a cross section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 0 degrees;

6 is an electric field distribution diagram of a longitudinal section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 0 degrees;

Figure 7 is a graph of the system gain of Figures 5 and 6;

8 is an electric field distribution diagram of a cross-section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 15 degrees;

9 is an electric field distribution diagram of a longitudinal section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 15 degrees;

FIG. 10 is a graph of the system gain curves of FIGS. 8 and 9;

FIG. 11 is an electric field distribution diagram of a cross section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 30 degrees;

12 is an electric field distribution diagram of a longitudinal section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 30 degrees;

13 is a graph of the system gain of FIGS. 11 and 12;

14 is an electric field distribution diagram of a cross-section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application at an incident angle of 45 degrees;

15 is an electric field distribution diagram of a longitudinal section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application at an incident angle of 45 degrees;

FIG. 16 is a graph of the system gain of FIGS. 14 and 15;

Reference mark:

1- electromagnetic lens; 10- lens unit.

detailed description

In the following, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

The present application provides an electromagnetic lens, wherein FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic lens 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, a cavity is provided inside the electromagnetic lens 1, the electromagnetic lens 1 includes N lens units 10 arranged in sequence along the axis of the electromagnetic lens, N is an integer greater than 1, and the dielectric properties of the N lens units 10 The constant distribution causes the electromagnetic waves passing through the electromagnetic lens to converge into the cavity of the electromagnetic lens.

Specifically, the above electromagnetic lens convergence principle for electromagnetic waves satisfies the following formula:

n ₁ sinθ ₁ = n ₂ sinθ ₂ (Equation 1)

n ₁ and n ₂ are the refractive index of the material itself and are related to the dielectric constant ε of the material. A variety of lens units with different dielectric constants ε can be selected as the electromagnetic lens, and the lens units are arranged according to a certain rule, and then the electromagnetic waves are changed to converge after passing through the electromagnetic lens.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the electromagnetic lens 1 is symmetrical with respect to the H axis in the vertical direction and symmetrical with respect to the center along the V axis in the horizontal direction. The electromagnetic lens can be made into a cylindrical shape with a uniform thickness. It can be made into a hollow prism or a hollow sphere penetrating along the axis. The application does not limit the shape of the electromagnetic lens. Compared with the prior art which relies on the refraction of the curved shape of the convex lens to achieve convergence, the embodiment of the present application can change the refraction angle of the electromagnetic wave passing through the lens unit by adjusting the distribution of the dielectric constant, so that the electromagnetic wave passing through the electromagnetic lens can be concentrated in Together, there is no need to make the electromagnetic lens into a curved shape with uneven thickness, which reduces the processing difficulty.

The electromagnetic lens 1 further includes, for example, an intermediate position, and the N lens units 10 may be arranged in such a manner that the dielectric constant decreases in order from the intermediate position of the electromagnetic lens toward both ends and is symmetrically distributed, so that the electromagnetic wave passing through the electromagnetic lens The central position of the electromagnetic lens converges.

Among them, the dielectric constant of the lens unit in the middle position can be written as ε _n , then the dielectric constants of the lens units from the center of the lens to the two ends can be written as ε _n-1 , ε _n-2 …ε ₁ , where , Ε _n value is the largest, ε _{1 is the} smallest.

The equivalent dielectric constant depth n of the electromagnetic lens can be calculated according to the maximum value and the minimum value of the dielectric constant of each lens unit in the electromagnetic lens.

The equivalent dielectric constant depth n of the electromagnetic lens satisfies the following formula:

n＝ε _n -ε ₁ (Equation 2)

Among them, ε ₁ is the minimum equivalent dielectric constant, that is, the dielectric constant of the lens unit at both ends of the electromagnetic lens; ε _n is the maximum equivalent dielectric constant, that is, the dielectric constant of the lens unit at the center position of the electromagnetic lens.

Moreover, assuming that the equivalent dielectric constant of the i-th lens unit is ε _i , the layered gradient of the electromagnetic lens can also be obtained according to the difference in dielectric constant between adjacent lens units: ε _i -ε _i-1 .

Therefore, when the layered gradient of the electromagnetic lens is a fixed value, and the number N of lens units, the dielectric constant ε _{n of the} lens unit at the center position of the electromagnetic lens, and the dielectric constant ε ₁ of the lens units at both ends of the electromagnetic lens are determined , The dielectric constant of each lens unit can be determined.

After the dielectric constant of each lens unit is determined in the above manner, the material of each lens unit can be further determined, so that the required electromagnetic lens can be designed.

In an embodiment of the electromagnetic lens of the present application, each lens unit of the electromagnetic lens may be made of a single material, for example, each lens unit with a different dielectric constant is made of a different material, and each lens unit is stacked to form the electromagnetic lens. The lens units can be fixed together, for example, by welding, gluing, or structural clamping.

In another embodiment of the electromagnetic lens of the present application, the lens unit of the electromagnetic lens may also be made of more than two mixed materials, for example, the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit and the dielectric constant of each mixed material and each mixture The volume ratio of materials is related.

For example, in order to reduce the processing difficulty, the types of mixed materials can be reduced. For example, each lens unit can be made of a mixture of two materials. The dielectric constant of each lens unit can be adjusted by adjusting the volume ratio of the two materials. , The equivalent dielectric constant ε _{eff of} each lens unit satisfies the following formula:

Where ε _i is the dielectric constant of the first of the two materials, ε _eff is the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit, ε _h is the dielectric constant of the second of the two materials, and p is The volume ratio of the second material to the first material.

In addition, the gain ΔG generated by the electromagnetic wave passing through the electromagnetic lens, the dielectric constant value of the second material and the first material, and the volume ratio of the two materials also satisfy the following formulas:

ε _h = ε _i +ΔG+(1-P) (Equation 4)

Where ε _i is the dielectric constant of the first material, ε _h is the dielectric constant of the second material, and ΔG is the gain generated by the electromagnetic wave passing through the electromagnetic lens.

This is because the relationship between the difference Δε of the dielectric constant of the first material and the dielectric constant of the second material and the system gain ΔG specifically satisfies the following formula:

Δε＝ΔG+(1-P) (Equation 5)

Where Δε is the difference between the dielectric constant of the first material and the dielectric constant of the second material, and Δε satisfies the following formula:

ε _h = ε _i +Δε (Equation 6)

Bring formula (6) into formula (5), you can get the above formula (4).

According to the above formula (4), the gain ΔG generated by the electromagnetic wave passing through the electromagnetic lens, the dielectric constant value of the second material and the first material, and the relationship between the volume ratios of the two materials can be obtained. The lens material can quickly determine the system gain ΔG, or can quickly select the appropriate material to manufacture the electromagnetic lens according to the target gain ΔG.

To further reduce the processing difficulty, for example, each lens unit of the electromagnetic lens can also use one of the two materials as the base material, and the base material is provided with a through hole, and the other of the two materials is used A kind of material is filled in the through hole as a filling material, wherein the proportion of the filling material in each lens unit having a different dielectric constant is different.

Specifically, the base material may be a polyvinyl chloride material, and the filling material may be air, for example. That is, the base material can be perforated, and the dielectric constant of each lens unit can be adjusted by adjusting the density and size of the perforation of each lens unit.

This application does not limit the materials of the base material and the filling material, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Specifically, when adjusting the equivalent dielectric constant of each lens unit by opening a through hole in the base material, the volume ratio p of the filler material to the base material satisfies the following formula:

Where s _h is the area of the outer side of the through hole and s _i is the area of the outer side of the base material. Since the depth of the through hole is equal to the thickness of the base material, the volume ratio of the through hole to the base material can be simplified to the area ratio.

The present application also provides an antenna, which can be disposed in the cavity of the electromagnetic lens cylinder as described above.

The antenna of the embodiment of the present application is provided with an electromagnetic lens structured as described above on the outside, wherein the electromagnetic lens can converge electromagnetic waves within a horizontal 360° range, thereby improving the system gain of the antenna.

The antenna may be, for example, an omnidirectional antenna. After installation, the omnidirectional antenna does not need to be aligned and debugged, which improves the user's self-installation rate and reduces the operator's engineering deployment cost.

In addition, the layer number N of the electromagnetic lens can also be determined according to the outer side area S _{1 of the} electromagnetic lens and the outer side area S2 of the antenna body, where the number N of the layer of the electromagnetic lens satisfies the following formula:

or,

among them,

The value is an integer greater than 1.

The present application also provides a customer terminal equipment (Customer Equipment) (CPE). The CPE includes the antenna as described above, and an electromagnetic lens as described above is provided outside the CPE.

The CPE provided by the embodiment of the present application can fully utilize the multipath signal and amplify the signal by setting the above-mentioned electromagnetic lens, thereby improving the system gain, and thereby improving the service throughput rate.

In addition, the operation of adding an electromagnetic lens outside the CPE does not need to change the internal structure of the existing CPE, and the operation is simpler, which is beneficial to mass production.

This application also provides a simulation model of CPE and electromagnetic lens, which can change the phase of the near-parallel wave signal transmitted by the source by changing the distribution of the dielectric constant of the electromagnetic lens to achieve horizontal and vertical two at the position of the CPE antenna Dimensional signal convergence to achieve omnidirectional enhancement of electromagnetic waves.

Specifically, this application takes B2368 type CPE as an example for description. The maximum width of the B2368 CPE along the V-axis direction is about 94 mm, and the maximum height along the H-axis is about D ₀ = 180 mm.

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation model of an electromagnetic lens provided by an embodiment of the present application. 3 is a top view of a simulation model of an electromagnetic lens provided by an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the electromagnetic lens has a cylindrical shape, a radius along the V-axis direction is R ₀ =90 mm, a maximum height along the H-axis is D=160 mm, and a thickness of the electromagnetic lens lens layer is R ₁ =28 mm. The electromagnetic lens has three symmetrical lens units at the upper and lower ends along the center H axis: the first lens unit e ₁ , the distance between the outermost layer of the first lens unit and the intermediate position V axis is about Y ₃ = 30 mm; Second lens unit e ₂ , the distance between the outermost layer of the second lens unit and the intermediate position V axis is about Y ₂ =17.5 mm; third lens unit e ₃ , the outermost layer of the third lens unit and the intermediate position V axis The distance between them is about Y ₁ =5 mm; there is no through hole in the first lens unit, and the through holes in the second lens unit and the third lens unit are symmetrical along the center of the V axis and are distributed radially. The second lens unit is provided with two rows of through holes, each of which has 31 holes, the hole depth is 28 mm, and the hole diameter is 8 mm. The third lens unit is provided with two rows of through holes, 37 in each row, with a hole depth of 28 mm and a hole diameter of 8 mm. The dielectric constant of each lens unit is: the dielectric constant of the first lens unit εe ₁ =2.8, the dielectric constant of the second lens unit εe ₂ =3, and the dielectric constant of the third lens unit εe ₃ =4. Among them, the electromagnetic lens uses polyvinyl chloride as the base material, and the electromagnetic lens further includes a protective layer. To save the material for the electromagnetic lens, the electromagnetic lens disposed outside the antenna signal receiving surface includes a protective layer and a lens layer, which are disposed on the antenna The electromagnetic lens outside the signal receiving surface only includes a protective layer, and the thickness of the protective layer is about 2 mm.

To facilitate simulation modeling, the above electromagnetic lens may be equivalent to a flat lens. FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a flat electromagnetic lens simulation model provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4, a receiving surface of the CPE can be selected as the detection surface S ₂ , and a flat lens with a side surface of S ₀ is provided on the side. The flat lens includes an intermediate position, and the upper and lower ends of the flat lens respectively Symmetrical three lens units: e ₁ , e ₂ , e ₃ , the electromagnetic lens gain is the numerical integration of the electric field gain on the detection surface S ₂ , the antenna detection surface S ₂ can be set within the convergence range of the electromagnetic lens, and then The electric field gain of the omnidirectional antenna under different incident angles is measured, and finally the gain of the electromagnetic lens is calculated according to the measured electric field gain and the antenna array S ₂ .

In addition, due to the focusing effect of the lens, the actual gain integration of the electric field on the antenna aperture is also accompanied by a decrease in aperture efficiency. Therefore, when calculating the total gain on the antenna aperture, the influence of the decrease in aperture efficiency on the gain should also be considered.

The decrease in the aperture efficiency is calculated from the amplitude distribution of the taper on the antenna array S _2. The decrease in the aperture efficiency on the antenna aperture meets the following formula:

Among them, I (x, y) is the amplitude of the electric field, Aα is the physical aperture of the antenna.

An electromagnetic wave of 3.5Ghz can be applied to the above system model.

Among them, the angle between the electromagnetic wave and the cross section of the cylinder is 0°, and the initial phase is also 0°, which can make the electromagnetic wave have four different incident angles with the normal angle of the lens: 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° The electromagnetic waves are tested and simulated, and the system gain results of the antenna under different incident angles can be obtained, which will be described one by one below.

FIG. 5 is an electric field distribution diagram of a cross-section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 0 degrees. FIG. 6 is an electric field distribution diagram of a longitudinal section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 0 degrees. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, after the electromagnetic lens is added, the system gain of the CPE becomes larger, and the axis of the electromagnetic lens is used as the boundary. The closer the CPE is to the center of the electromagnetic lens, the higher the electric field strength and the greater the system gain. FIG. 7 is a graph of the system gain curves of FIGS. 5 and 6. As shown in FIG. 7, the abscissa represents the distance, and the ordinate represents the magnitude of the gain. Line A is the system gain curve in FIG. 5 and line B is the system gain curve in FIG. 6. Among them, line A is shown at a position 27.47mm and 72.63mm from the left of the CPE cross section, the system gain is 1db, line B is shown at a position 10.23mm and 89.80mm from the left of the CPE longitudinal section, the system gain is 1db .

When the incident angle is 0 degrees, the measured lens gain is 0.004323/0.0036 = 1.201 times = 1.590dB, because the aperture efficiency becomes 99.03%, which is reduced by 0.042dB, so the calculated total gain is 1.590-0.042 = 1.548dB.

FIG. 8 is an electric field distribution diagram of a cross-section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 15 degrees. 9 is an electric field distribution diagram of a longitudinal section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 15 degrees. As shown in Figs. 9 and 10, after the electromagnetic lens is added, the system gain of the CPE becomes larger, and the axis of the electromagnetic lens is used as the boundary. The closer the CPE is to the center of the electromagnetic lens, the higher the electric field strength and the greater the system gain. FIG. 10 is a graph of the system gain curves of FIGS. 8 and 9. As shown in Fig. 10, the abscissa indicates the distance, and the ordinate indicates the gain. Line A is the system gain curve in FIG. 8, and line B is the system gain curve in FIG. 9. Among them, line A is shown at a distance of 28.14mm and 71.88mm from the left of the CPE cross section, the system gain is 1db, line B is shown at a position of 20.35mm from the left of the CPE longitudinal cross section, and the system gain is 1db.

The measured lens gain at the 15-degree angle of incidence is 0.004309/0.0036 = 1.197 times = 1.561dB. Since the aperture efficiency becomes 98.84%, which is less than 0.051dB, the total gain is calculated to be 1.561-0.051 = 1.51dB.

FIG. 11 is an electric field distribution diagram of a cross section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 30 degrees. FIG. 12 is an electric field distribution diagram of a longitudinal section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 30 degrees. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, after the electromagnetic lens is added, the system gain of the CPE becomes larger, and the axis of the electromagnetic lens is used as the boundary. The closer the CPE is to the center of the electromagnetic lens, the higher the electric field strength and the greater the system gain. FIG. 13 is a graph of the system gain curves of FIGS. 11 and 12. As shown in FIG. 13, the abscissa represents the distance, and the ordinate represents the magnitude of the gain. Line A is the system gain curve in FIG. 11, and line B is the system gain curve in FIG. 12. Line A shows that the system gain is 1db at the positions 26.72mm and 72.59mm from the left of the CPE cross section. Line B shows that the system gain is 1db at the position 16.31mm from the left of the CPE longitudinal section.

The measured lens gain at the 30-degree angle of incidence is 0.004446/0.0036 = 1.235 times = 1.833dB. Since the aperture efficiency becomes 98.84% of the original, which is 0.050dB less, the calculated total gain is 1.833-0.050 = 1.783dB.

FIG. 14 is an electric field distribution diagram of a cross section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 45 degrees. 15 is an electric field distribution diagram of a longitudinal section of a CPE provided with an electromagnetic lens on the outside provided by an embodiment of the present application when the incident angle is 45 degrees. As shown in Figures 14 and 15, after adding the electromagnetic lens, the system gain of the CPE becomes larger, and the axis of the electromagnetic lens is used as the boundary. The closer the CPE is to the center of the electromagnetic lens, the higher the electric field strength and the greater the system gain. FIG. 16 is a graph of system gain curves of FIGS. 14 and 15. FIG. As shown in FIG. 16, the abscissa represents the distance, and the ordinate represents the magnitude of the gain. Line A is the system gain graph in FIG. 14 and line B is the system gain graph in FIG. 15. Among them, line A shows that the system gain is 1db at the positions 29.22mm and 73.13mm from the left of the CPE cross section, and line B shows that the system gain is also 12.77mm and 18.99mm from the left of the CPE longitudinal section. 1db.

The measured lens gain at the 45-degree angle of incidence is 0.004479/0.0036 = 1.244 times = 1.898 dB. Since the aperture efficiency becomes 98.77%, which is less than 0.0537 dB, the calculated total gain is 1.898-0.0537 = 1.844 dB.

In addition, in order to detect the simulation effect of the above electromagnetic lens simulation model, the above simulation model is also made into a physical object to detect the system gain of the omnidirectional antenna added with the electromagnetic lens.

Table 1

Angle of incidence (degrees)	0	15	30	45
Antenna gain (dB)	1.604	1.597	1.868	1.767

Comparing the above measured results with the simulation results one by one, it can be seen that the difference between the measured results and the simulation results is less than 1 db. Therefore, the above simulation simulation is successful. Before the production of electromagnetic lenses, the above methods can be used for simulation, which improves the success rate of finished products.

Through the simulation analysis of the antenna with the above electromagnetic lens, it can be found that the antenna system gain of the electromagnetic lens shell is increased to different degrees at different incident angles, and the service throughput is improved.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (15)

1. An electromagnetic lens, characterized in that a cavity is provided inside the electromagnetic lens, the electromagnetic lens includes N lens units, the N lens units are sequentially arranged along the axis of the electromagnetic lens, wherein N is greater than An integer of 1, and the dielectric constant distribution of the N lens units causes the electromagnetic waves passing through the electromagnetic lens to converge into the cavity of the electromagnetic lens.
2. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic lens has a cylindrical shape, a hollow prism passing through an axis, or a hollow sphere.
3. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic lens includes an intermediate position, and the N lens units are arranged in such a manner that the dielectric constant decreases in order from the intermediate position of the electromagnetic lens to both ends and is symmetrically distributed to make.
4. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 1, wherein the lens unit is made of a single material, and the materials of the lens units with different dielectric constants are different.
5. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 4, characterized in that the lens units are fixed together in order by welding, gluing, and snapping.
6. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 1, wherein the lens unit is made of two or more materials, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit and the dielectric constant of each mixed material and the proportion of each mixed material Than related.
7. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 6, wherein the lens unit is made of two materials, and the equivalent dielectric constant ε _{eff of} the lens unit satisfies the following formula:

   

   Where ε _i is the dielectric constant of the first of the two materials, ε _eff is the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit, ε _h is the dielectric constant of the second of the two materials, and p is The volume ratio of the second material to the first material.
8. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 7, wherein the gain ΔG generated by the electromagnetic wave of the electromagnetic lens satisfies the following formula:

   ε _h ≈ε _i +ΔG+(1-P)

   Wherein, ΔG is the gain generated by the electromagnetic lens to the passing electromagnetic wave.
9. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 7, characterized in that each lens unit of the electromagnetic lens uses one of two materials as a base material, and the base material is provided with a through hole, and the The other of the two materials is filled in the through hole as a filling material, wherein the proportion of the filling material in each lens unit having a different dielectric constant is different.
10. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 9, wherein the base material is a polyvinyl chloride material.
11. The electromagnetic lens according to claim 9, wherein the filling material is air or water.
12. An antenna, characterized in that the antenna is arranged in the cavity of the electromagnetic lens according to any one of claims 1-11.
13. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein the number N of layers of the electromagnetic lens is determined by the area S ₁ of the signal receiving surface of the electromagnetic lens and the area S ₂ of the signal receiving surface of the antenna body, wherein The layer number N satisfies the following formula:

    

    or,

    

    among them,

    

    The value is an integer greater than 1.
14. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein the antenna is an omnidirectional antenna.
15. A customer terminal equipment CPE, characterized in that the CPE includes the antenna according to any one of claims 12-14, and an electromagnetic lens according to any one of claims 1-11 is provided outside the CPE .

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