WO2020133288A1 - 一种双足机器人步态控制方法以及双足机器人 - Google Patents
一种双足机器人步态控制方法以及双足机器人 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020133288A1 WO2020133288A1 PCT/CN2018/125103 CN2018125103W WO2020133288A1 WO 2020133288 A1 WO2020133288 A1 WO 2020133288A1 CN 2018125103 W CN2018125103 W CN 2018125103W WO 2020133288 A1 WO2020133288 A1 WO 2020133288A1
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- biped robot
- zmp
- foot
- ankle joint
- dimensional force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/0006—Exoskeletons, i.e. resembling a human figure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D57/00—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track
- B62D57/02—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members
- B62D57/032—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members with alternately or sequentially lifted supporting base and legs; with alternately or sequentially lifted feet or skid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
- B25J13/085—Force or torque sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1602—Program controls characterised by the control system, structure, architecture
- B25J9/1607—Calculation of inertia, jacobian matrixes and inverses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1615—Program controls characterised by special kind of manipulator, e.g. planar, scara, gantry, cantilever, space, closed chain, passive/active joints and tendon driven manipulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1628—Program controls characterised by the control loop
- B25J9/1641—Program controls characterised by the control loop compensation for backlash, friction, compliance, elasticity in the joints
Definitions
- the application relates to the technical field of gait control of a biped robot, in particular to a gait control method of a biped robot and a biped robot.
- Gait refers to a mutual relationship between the joints in time and space during standing or walking, which can be described by the joint trajectory.
- the stability of existing biped robot gait is based on the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) method to establish a mathematical model of the biped robot, and according to ZMP must fall in a stable area, such as the robot foot Foot range, to derive control laws.
- ZMP Zero Moment Point
- the biped robot's walking control rules are implemented by gait planning, and most of them are open loop. Usually based on the inverted pendulum model, the center of mass and foot trajectory are planned, and the joint angles of the robot are obtained by inverse kinematics. The motor driver then tracks the trajectory according to the (Proportion Integral Differential PID) algorithm to achieve the entire walking process .
- the robot body poses errors during the biped robot's travel, such as when it is disturbed by external forces or when the ground is uneven, it will cause a deviation in the robot body's attitude.
- existing biped robots generally do not include processing algorithms for attitude control. Therefore, the posture of the robot body will gradually diverge when interference occurs, resulting in walking failure and even the phenomenon of a biped robot falling over.
- this application provides a double control of real-time attitude control of ZMP to achieve body posture control and smooth footing to ensure walking stability when the robot body is disturbed and deviated or encounters external force impacts and uneven ground conditions.
- Foot robot gait control method A biped robot gait control method and a biped robot that modify the ZMP expectation of the foot in real time and control the posture through ZMP tracking control and conform to the ankle joint while walking to ensure walking stability.
- the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application is to provide a gait control method for a biped robot, including the following steps:
- ankle joint compensation angle track and adjust the current ankle joint angle of the biped robot in real time
- the body posture information measured by the inertial measurement unit is obtained, and the expected ZMP value is determined according to the robot body posture information;
- the ankle joint compensation angle of each foot of the biped robot is determined according to the ZMP position and the ZMP position change rate and the ZMP expected value and the ZMP expected value change rate.
- the step of tracking and adjusting the ankle joint angle of the current biped robot further includes:
- the ankle joint compensation angle is added to the ankle joint angle of each foot in the current posture of the biped robot to control the posture of the biped robot in the state of one-leg support.
- the expected value of the ZMP is set to zero
- the ankle joint compensation angle of the biped robot is determined according to the ZMP position and the ZMP position change rate.
- the step of tracking and adjusting the ankle joint angle of the current biped robot further includes:
- the ankle joint compensation angle is added to the ankle joint angle of each foot in the current posture of the biped robot to achieve ankle joint compliance during the bipedal support period and the swing period.
- ⁇ virtual K p *(ZMP_desire-ZMP)+K d *(ZMP_desire_dot-ZMP_dot),
- K p and K d are controller parameters
- ⁇ is the angle to be compensated for the ankle joint
- J is the moment of inertia of the ankle joint
- t is time
- ZMP_desire K p1 *(Roll_desire-Roll_imu)+K d1 *(0-Roll_dot_imu)
- K p1 and K d1 are control parameters
- Roll_desire is the desired rolling angle
- Roll_imu and Roll_dot_imu are the rolling angle value and angular velocity value fed back by the inertial measurement unit.
- the step of obtaining six-dimensional force information includes:
- the six-dimensional force information of the biped robot is obtained through a six-dimensional force sensor provided on the sole of the foot.
- the support state is the non-single leg support period, and when it is greater than the set threshold, This support state is a one-leg support state.
- the step of calculating the ZMP position of each foot of the biped robot includes:
- a biped robot includes a fuselage and first and second feet.
- the fuselage is provided with at least one processor , A memory, and an inertial measurement unit connected to the at least one processor, the first foot includes a first six-dimensional force sensor and a first joint controller connected to the at least one processor, and the second foot includes the at least one The second six-dimensional force sensor of the processor and the second joint controller, where,
- the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor.
- the at least one processor can execute the foregoing method, the inertial measurement unit, the first six-dimensional force sensor, and the first Two or six-dimensional force sensors collect data and control the first joint controller and the second joint controller to complete posture control or ankle joint compliance in different support states.
- the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application is to provide a computer program product, the computer program product including a computer program stored on a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, the computer program including program instructions, when When the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is caused to execute the aforementioned method.
- the beneficial effects of the embodiment of the present application are: the biped robot gait control method and the biped robot of the present embodiment are interfered and appeared on the robot body by setting the first posture control module and the second compliance control module on the biped respectively In case of deviation or encountering external force impact and uneven ground, the ZMP expectation of the foot end is modified in real time, and the posture is controlled by the ZMP tracking control and the ankle joint is compliant when walking to ensure walking stability.
- FIG. 1 is a processing flowchart of a gait control method of a biped robot according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 2 is a software module diagram of a biped robot according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic design diagram of a biped robot according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture of a gait control method of a biped robot according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 5 is a detailed flowchart of a gait control method of a biped robot according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture of a biped robot according to an embodiment of the present application.
- this application relates to a gait control method for a biped robot, which uses the data of the inertial measurement unit 20 of the posture control of the biped robot itself, and integrates the data of the six-dimensional force sensor provided on the biped, and receives external force when the biped robot walks Or complete posture correction when unstable.
- This method detects the support state of the single foot, the two-leg support, and the swing during walking of the biped robot through a six-dimensional force sensor provided on the soles of the first foot 31 and the second foot 32 of the biped robot.
- the force sensor is used to obtain the contact force and contact moment between the foot and the ground of the biped robot during walking.
- the ankle joints of the first foot 31 and the second foot 32 of the robot are used as the reference coordinate system, based on the feedback of the inertial measurement unit 20
- the fuselage data solves the ZMP position of the first foot 31 and the second foot 32 in the X and Y directions.
- the inertial measurement unit 20 measures the posture data of the biped robot body in real time, and obtains the ZMP expectation of each foot based on the calculated posture deviation.
- the biped robot of the present application is provided with an ankle joint ZMP tracking controller, the controller acquires the body pose data of the biped robot at a set frequency, and based on the feedback data of the inertial measurement unit 20 and the six-dimensional force sensor, the ZMP Position tracking and compensation, closed-loop control to complete posture control or ankle joint compliance during the one-leg support period or the two-leg support period and the swing period.
- This application realizes closed-loop control of the posture of the fuselage 10 by tracking and compensating the position of the foot ZMP.
- the expected value of ZMP is calculated based on the posture data of the fuselage 10, and the posture of the fuselage 10 is controlled in real time through the ZMP tracking controller to ensure the stability of the posture of the fuselage 10.
- the ZMP expected value is set to zero, and the ZMP tracking controller can realize the adaptive adaptation of the foot drop and the terrain, and reduce the impact of the impact force on walking The effect of improving the stability and environmental adaptability of biped robot walking.
- the biped robot of the present application includes a fuselage 10 and a first foot 31 and a second foot 32.
- the fuselage 10 is provided with at least one processor, a memory, and an inertial measurement connected to the at least one processor Unit 20,
- the first foot 31 includes a first six-dimensional force sensor 51 connected to the at least one processor and a first joint controller 41
- the second foot 32 includes a second six-dimensional force connected to the at least one processor The force sensor 52 and the second joint controller 42.
- the inertial measurement unit 20, the first six-dimensional force sensor 51 and the second six-dimensional force sensor 52 collect data and control the first joint controller and the second joint controller to complete posture control or ankle joint compliance in different support states.
- the gait control method of the biped robot includes the following steps:
- Step 101 Obtain six-dimensional force information, and determine the support state of the biped robot according to the six-dimensional force information;
- Step 102 Based on the six-dimensional force information, calculate the ZMP position of each foot of the biped robot;
- Step 103 Set the ZMP expected value of each foot according to the support state and body posture error
- Step 104 Determine the ankle joint compensation angle of each foot of the biped robot according to the ZMP position and the ZMP position change rate, the ZMP expected value, and the ZMP expected value change rate;
- Step 105 According to the ankle joint compensation angle, track and adjust the current ankle joint angle of the biped robot in real time;
- Step 106 Loop the above steps at the set frequency until the posture control or ankle joint compliance is completed in different support states.
- the step 101 further includes,
- the six-dimensional force information of the biped robot is obtained through a six-dimensional force sensor provided on the sole of the foot.
- the support state is the non-single leg support period, which is greater than the
- the support state is a single-leg support state.
- This step 102 includes:
- the coordinate system is defined as shown in the figure above.
- the X direction is the robot's direction of advancement, the Z direction is vertically upward, and the Y direction is determined by the right-hand system.
- the calculation method of the single-foot ZMP position is as follows:
- d is the height difference between the sole of the foot and the six-dimensional force sensor
- p x is the ZMP position in the X direction
- p y is the ZMP position in the Y direction.
- the ZMP positions of the first foot 31 and the second foot 32 are:
- the ankle joint compensation angle of each foot of the biped robot is determined according to the ZMP position and the ZMP position change rate and the ZMP expected value and the ZMP expected value change rate.
- the expected value of ZMP is calculated as follows:
- ZMP_desire K p1 *(Roll_desire-Roll_imu)+K d1 *(0-Roll_dot_imu)
- This step 105 also includes:
- the ankle joint compensation angle is added to the ankle joint angle of each foot in the current posture of the biped robot to control the posture of the biped robot in the state of one-leg support.
- the ZMP expected value is set to zero, and then the ankle of the biped robot is determined according to the ZMP position and the change rate of the ZMP position Joint compensation angle.
- ZMP_desire K p1 *(Roll_desire-Roll_imu)+K d1 *(0-Roll_dot_imu)
- K p1 and K d1 are controller parameters
- Roll_desire is the desired rolling angle
- Roll_imu and Roll_dot_imu are the rolling angle value and angular velocity value fed back by the inertial measurement unit 20.
- This step 105 also includes:
- the ankle joint compensation angle is added to the ankle joint angle of each foot in the current posture of the biped robot to achieve ankle joint compliance during the bipedal support period and the swing period.
- ⁇ virtual K p *(ZMP_desire-ZMP)+K d *(ZMP_desire_dot-ZMP_dot)
- K p and K d are controller parameters
- ⁇ is the angle to be compensated for the ankle joint
- J is the moment of inertia of the ankle joint
- t is time
- the gait control method of the biped robot and the biped robot of this embodiment are provided with a first posture control module and a second compliant control module on the biped respectively when the robot body 10 is interfered and deviated or encounters external force impact and In case of uneven ground, modify the ZMP expectation of the foot end in real time, and control the posture through ZMP tracking control and can flex the ankle joint while walking to ensure walking stability.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a biped robot device 600 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4, the device 600 includes:
- One or more processors 610 a memory 620, and a communication component 650.
- one processor 610 is taken as an example.
- the memory 620 stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 610, that is, a computer program 640, and when the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, a data channel is established through the communication component 650 to enable the at least one processor to The control method for improving the walking stability of a biped robot is executed.
- the processor 610, the memory 620, and the communication component 650 may be connected through a bus or in other ways. In FIG. 4, connection through a bus is used as an example.
- the memory 620 can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer executable programs, and modules, such as improving the walking stability of a biped robot in the embodiments of the present application Program instructions/modules corresponding to the control method.
- the processor 610 executes various functional applications and data processing of the server by running non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 620, that is, to achieve the improvement of the walking stability of the biped robot in the above method embodiments Control Method.
- the memory 620 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, where the storage program area may store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of a biped robot, and the like.
- the memory 620 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices.
- the memory 620 may optionally include memories remotely provided with respect to the processor 610, and these remote memories may be connected to the biped robot through a network. Examples of the aforementioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranet, local area network, mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.
- the one or more modules are stored in the memory 620, and when executed by the one or more processors 610, execute the control method for improving the walking stability of the biped robot in any of the above method embodiments, for example, Steps 101 to 106 of the method in FIG. 1 described above are performed; the functions of the first posture control module 22 and the second compliance control module 24 of FIG. 2 are implemented.
- An embodiment of the present application provides a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium that stores computer-executable instructions that are executed by one or more processors, for example, the above Steps 101 to 106 of the method in FIG. 1 are described; the functions of the first posture control module 22 and the second compliance control module 24 of FIG. 2 are realized.
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Abstract
一种双足机器人步态控制方法以及双足机器人,包括以下步骤:获取六维力信息,并根据该六维力信息判断双足机器人的支撑状态;根据该六维力信息,计算双足机器人每个足部的ZMP位置;根据支撑状态以及本体姿态误差设定每个足部的ZMP期望值;根据该ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率以及该ZMP期望值以及该ZMP期望值的变化率确定该双足机器人每个足部的踝关节补偿角度;根据该踝关节补偿角,实时跟踪调整双足机器人当前的踝关节角度;以设定频率循环以上步骤直至在不同支撑状态中完成姿态控制或踝关节柔顺。
Description
本申请涉及双足机器人步态控制技术领域,特别是涉及一种双足机器人步态控制方法以及双足机器人。
随着科学技术的进步,双足机器人获得了快速发展并在多个领域被广泛应用。目前大多数建筑和工具是依照人的身高和形体设计的,因此双足机器人作为一种机器人平台具有更好的使用灵活性。同时,双足机器人步态的稳定性控制是机器人顺畅行走的前提和基础。步态是指在站立或步行过程中,各个关节在时间和空间上的一种相互关系,可以由关节的运动轨迹来描述。
现有的双足机器人步态的稳定性研究都是基于零力矩点(Zero Moment Point,ZMP)的方法,建立双足机器人的数学模型,并根据ZMP必须落在稳定区域,比如机器人足部的脚掌范围,去推导控制法则。
双足机器人的行走控制法则通过步态规划的方式实现,并且多数为开环形式。通常是基于倒立摆模型,规划质心和足部点轨迹,并通过逆运动学解算,得到机器人各个关节角度,再由电机驱动器根据(Proportion Integral Differential,PID)算法跟踪轨迹,从而实现整个行走过程。但是,如果双足机器人在行进过程中机器人机身姿态出现误差,比如受到外力干扰或者地面不平整运动时,会引起机器人机身姿态出现偏差。但是,现有的双足机器人一般没有包含姿态控制的处理算法,因此机器人的机身姿态会在干扰出现时逐步发散,导致行走失败,甚至出现双足机器人摔倒的现象。
因此,现有的双足机器人步态控制技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
本申请针对以上存在的技术问题,提供一种在机器人机身受到干扰和出现偏差时或者遇到外力冲击和地面不平整情况,实时控制ZMP实现本体姿态控制和柔顺落足保证行走稳定性的双足机器人步态控制方法.实时修改足端ZMP期 望,并通过ZMP跟踪控制来控制姿态并在行走时柔顺踝关节保证行走稳定性的双足机器人步态控制方法以及双足机器人。
第一方面,本申请实施方式提供的技术方案是:提供一种双足机器人步态控制方法,包括以下步骤:
获取六维力信息,并根据该六维力信息判断双足机器人的支撑状态;
根据该六维力信息,计算双足机器人每个足部的ZMP位置;
根据支撑状态以及本体姿态误差设定每个足部的ZMP期望值;
根据该ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率以及该ZMP期望值以及该ZMP期望值的变化率确定该双足机器人每个足部的踝关节补偿角度;
根据该踝关节补偿角,实时跟踪调整双足机器人当前的踝关节角度;
以设定频率循环以上步骤直至在不同支撑状态中完成姿态控制或踝关节柔顺。
该双足机器人步态控制方法中,在判断该双足机器人的支撑状态为单脚支撑期时,获取惯性测量单元测量得到的本体姿态信息,根据该机器人本体姿态信息确定ZMP期望值;
根据该ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率以及该ZMP期望值以及该ZMP期望值的变化率确定该双足机器人每一足部的踝关节补偿角度。
该双足机器人步态控制方法中,该跟踪调整当前双足机器人的踝关节角度的步骤还包括:
将ZMP位置的偏差项转换成引起踝关节转动的虚拟力矩;
根据该虚拟力矩和刚体转动定律,得到该踝关节补偿角;
将该踝关节补偿角度累加至双足机器人当前姿态下每个足部的踝关节角度以在单脚支撑状态中控制双足机器人的姿态。
在判断该双足机器人足部的支撑状态为摆动期或双足支撑期时,该ZMP期望值设置为零;
根据该ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率确定该双足机器人的踝关节补偿角度。
该跟踪调整当前双足机器人的踝关节角度的步骤还包括:
将ZMP位置的偏差项转换成引起踝关节转动的虚拟力矩;
根据该虚拟力矩和刚体转动定律进行动力学计算,得到该踝关节补偿角;
将该踝关节补偿角度累加至双足机器人当前姿态下每个足部的踝关节角度以在双脚支撑期和摆动期中实现踝关节柔顺。
该虚拟力矩的计算为:
τ
virtual=K
p*(ZMP_desire-ZMP)+K
d*(ZMP_desire_dot-ZMP_dot),
其中K
p、K
d为控制器参数;
该动力学计算为:
其中,θ为踝关节需要补偿的角度,J为踝关节的转动惯量,t为时间。
该ZMP期望值的计算为:
ZMP_desire=K
p1*(Roll_desire-Roll_imu)+K
d1*(0-Roll_dot_imu)
其中K
p1、K
d1为控制参数,Roll_desire为期望的滚动角,Roll_imu和Roll_dot_imu为惯性测量单元反馈的滚动角度值和角速度值。
其中,该获取六维力信息的步骤包括,
通过设置在足底的六维力传感器获取该双足机器人的六维力信息,在垂直脚面的受力小于设定阈值时,该支撑状态为非单腿支撑期,大于该设定阈值时,该支撑状态为单腿支撑状态。
该计算双足机器人每个足部的ZMP位置的步骤包括:
获取该双足机器人的六维力信息,根据该六维力信息计算每个足部的ZMP位置;
对该ZMP位置进行差分及滤波处理,得到该ZMP位置变化率。
第二方面,本申请实施方式提供的技术方案是:提供一种双足机器人,一种双足机器人,包括机身以及第一足部与第二足部,该机身设置惯至少一处理器、存储器以及连接该至少一处理器的惯性测量单元,该第一足部包括连接该至少一处理器的第一六维力传感器以及第一关节控制器,该第二足部包括连接该至少一处理器的第二六维力传感器以及第二关节控制器,其中,
该存储器存储有可被该至少一个处理器执行的指令,该指令被该至少一个处理器执行时,使该至少一个处理器能够执行前述的方法,惯性测量单元、第 一六维力传感器以及第二六维力传感器采集数据并控制该第一关节控制器以及第二关节控制器在不同支撑状态中完成姿态控制或踝关节柔顺。
第三方面,本申请实施方式提供的技术方案是:提供一种计算机程序产品,该计算机程序产品包括存储在非易失性计算机可读存储介质上的计算机程序,该计算机程序包括程序指令,当该程序指令被计算机执行时,使该计算机执行前述的方法。
本申请实施方式的有益效果是:本实施例的双足机器人步态控制方法以及双足机器人通过在双足上分别设置第一姿态控制模块与第二柔顺控制模块在机器人机身受到干扰和出现偏差时或者遇到外力冲击和地面不平整情况,实时修改足端ZMP期望,并通过ZMP跟踪控制来控制姿态并在行走时柔顺踝关节保证行走稳定性。
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明,这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定,附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件,除非有特别申明,附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1是本申请实施例的双足机器人步态控制方法的处理流程图;
图2是本申请实施例的双足机器人的软件模块图;
图3是本申请实施例的双足机器人的设计简图;
图4是本申请实施例的双足机器人步态控制方法的硬件架构简图;
图5是本申请实施例的双足机器人步态控制方法的详细流程图;以及
图6是本申请实施例的双足机器人的硬件架构简图。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合附图对本申请实施例作进一步详细说明。在此,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,但并不作为对本申请的限定。
如图2所示,本申请涉及双足机器人步态控制方法,运用双足机器人本身姿态控制的惯性测量单元20数据,整合设置于双足的六维力传感器数据,在双 足机器人行走受外力或者不稳时完成姿态矫正。
该方法通过设置在双足机器人第一足部31与第二足部32的足底的六维力传感器检测该双足机器人行走中的单脚、双脚支撑以及摆动等支撑状态,并通过六维力传感器来获取双足机器人在行走过程中足部与地面之间的接触力和接触力矩。
在本申请中,根据六维力传感器检测得到的足底接触力和接触力矩,分别以机器人的第一足部31和第二足部32的踝关节为参考坐标系,基于惯性测量单元20反馈的机身数据求解第一足部31和第二足部32在X、Y方向上的ZMP位置。惯性测量单元20实时测量双足机器人机身姿态数据,并基于计算的姿态偏差得到各个足部ZMP期望。本申请的双足机器人,设置踝关节ZMP跟踪控制器,控制器以设定频率获取双足机器人的机身姿态数据,并基于惯性测量单元20和六维力传感器的反馈数据实时对足底ZMP位置进行跟踪和补偿,以闭环控制的方式完成在单脚支撑期或者双脚支撑期和摆动期下的姿态控制或者踝关节柔顺。
本申请通过对足ZMP位置的进行追踪和补偿,实现了机身10姿态的闭环控制。在单腿支撑期,基于机身10姿态数据,计算ZMP的期望值,并通过ZMP跟踪控制器,实时控制机身10姿态,保证了机身10姿态的稳定性。本实施例中,在摆动期和双足支撑期,将ZMP期望值设定为零,通过ZMP跟踪控制器,可实现柔顺落足和地形的自适应,减小落足时冲击力对行走带来的影响,提高双足机器人行走的稳定性和环境适应能力。
请参考图3,本申请的双足机器人,包括机身10以及第一足部31与第二足部32,该机身10设置至少一处理器、存储器以及连接该至少一处理器的惯性测量单元20,该第一足部31包括连接该至少一处理器的第一六维力传感器51以及第一关节控制器41,该第二足部32包括连接该至少一处理器的第二六维力传感器52以及第二关节控制器42。该惯性测量单元20、第一六维力传感器51以及第二六维力传感器52采集数据并控制该第一关节控制器以及第二关节控制器在不同支撑状态中完成姿态控制或踝关节柔顺。
请一并参考图1以及图6,该双足机器人步态控制方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤101:获取六维力信息,并根据该六维力信息判断双足机器人的支撑状态;
步骤102:根据该六维力信息,计算双足机器人每个足部的ZMP位置;
步骤103:根据支撑状态以及本体姿态误差设定每个足部的ZMP期望值;
步骤104:根据该ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率以及该ZMP期望值以及该ZMP期望值的变化率确定该双足机器人每个足部的踝关节补偿角度;
步骤105:根据该踝关节补偿角,实时跟踪调整双足机器人当前的踝关节角度;
步骤106:以设定频率循环以上步骤直至在不同支撑状态中完成姿态控制或踝关节柔顺。
其中,该步骤101进一步包括,
本实施例中,通过设置在足底的六维力传感器获取该双足机器人的六维力信息,在垂直脚面的受力小于设定阈值时,该支撑状态为非单腿支撑期,大于该设定阈值时,该支撑状态为单腿支撑状态。
该步骤102包括:
获取该双足机器人的六维力信息,根据该六维力信息计算每个足部的ZMP位置;
对该ZMP位置进行差分及滤波处理,得到该ZMP位置变化率。
请参考图5,双足机器人的六维力传感器安装在踝关节处,可以检测机器人足部与地面的接触力f=[f
x f
y f
z]
T和力矩τ=[τ
x τ
y τ
z]
T。坐标系定义如上图所示,X方向为机器人前进方向,Z向竖直向上,Y向由右手系确定。
单脚ZMP位置的计算方法如下:
p
x=(τ
y-f
xd)/f
z
p
y=(τ
x-f
yd)/f
z
其中,d为足底与六维力传感器的高度差,p
x为X方向上的ZMP位置,p
y为Y方向上的ZMP位置。
因此,第一足部31和第二足部32的ZMP位置分别为:
p
Lx=(τ
Ly-f
Lxd)/f
Lz
p
Ly=(τ
Lx-f
Lyd)/f
Lz
p
Rx=(τ
Ry-f
Rxd)/f
Rz
p
Ry=(τ
Rx-f
Ryd)/f
Rz
其中:f
L=[f
Lx f
Ly f
Lz]
T和τ
L=[τ
Lx τ
Ly τ
Lz]
T为第一足部31六维力传感器的测量数据,f
R=[f
Rx f
Ry f
Rz]
T和τ
R=[τ
Rx τ
Ry τ
Rz]
T为第二足部32六维力传感器的测量数据。
p
Lx:第一足部X方向上的ZMP位置;
p
Ly:第一足部Y方向上的ZMP位置;
p
Rx:第一足部X方向上的ZMP位置;
p
Ry:第一足部X方向上的ZMP位置;
在判断该双足机器人的支撑状态为单脚支撑时,获取惯性测量单元20的机器人本体姿态信息,根据该机器人本体姿态信息确定ZMP期望值;
根据该ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率以及该ZMP期望值以及该ZMP期望值的变化率确定该双足机器人每一足部的踝关节补偿角度。
以滚动角为例,在单腿支撑期,ZMP期望值计算如下:
ZMP_desire=K
p1*(Roll_desire-Roll_imu)+K
d1*(0-Roll_dot_imu)
该步骤105还包括:
将ZMP位置的偏差项转换成引起踝关节转动的虚拟力矩;
根据该虚拟力矩和刚体转动定律,得到该踝关节补偿角;
将该踝关节补偿角度累加至双足机器人当前姿态下每个足部的踝关节角度以在单脚支撑状态中控制双足机器人的姿态。
本实施例中,在判断该双足机器人足部的支撑状态为摆动期或双足支撑期时,该ZMP期望值设置为零,再根据该ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率确定该双足机器人的踝关节补偿角度。
双足支撑期或摆动期:
ZMP_desire=K
p1*(Roll_desire-Roll_imu)+K
d1*(0-Roll_dot_imu)
以滚动角为例,在单腿支撑期,ZMP期望值设置为0,亦即:ZMP_desire=0,
式中K
p1、K
d1为控制器参数,Roll_desire为期望的滚动角,通常为0,Roll_imu和Roll_dot_imu为惯性测量单元20反馈的滚动角度值和角速度值。
该步骤105还包括:
将ZMP位置的偏差项转换成引起踝关节转动的虚拟力矩;
根据该虚拟力矩和刚体转动定律进行动力学计算,得到该踝关节补偿角;
将该踝关节补偿角度累加至双足机器人当前姿态下每个足部的踝关节角度以在双脚支撑期和摆动期中实现踝关节柔顺。
该虚拟力矩的计算为:
τ
virtual=K
p*(ZMP_desire-ZMP)+K
d*(ZMP_desire_dot-ZMP_dot)
其中K
p、K
d为控制器参数;
该动力学计算为:
其中,θ为踝关节需要补偿的角度,J为踝关节的转动惯量,t为时间。
本实施例的双足机器人步态控制方法以及双足机器人通过在双足上分别设置第一姿态控制模块与第二柔顺控制模块在机器人机身10受到干扰和出现偏差时或者遇到外力冲击和地面不平整情况,实时修改足端ZMP期望,并通过ZMP跟踪控制来控制姿态并可在行走时柔顺踝关节保证行走稳定性。
图4是本申请实施例提供的双足机器人设备600的硬件结构示意图,如图4所示,该设备600包括:
一个或多个处理器610、存储器620以及通信组件650,图4中以一个处理器610为例。该存储器620存储有可被该至少一个处理器610执行的指令,亦即计算机程序640,该指令被该至少一个处理器执行时,通过通信组件650建立数据通道,以使该至少一个处理器能够执行该提高双足机器人行走稳定性的控制方法。
处理器610、存储器620以及通信组件650可以通过总线或者其他方式连接,图4中以通过总线连接为例。
存储器620作为一种非易失性计算机可读存储介质,可用于存储非易失性软件程序、非易失性计算机可执行程序以及模块,如本申请实施例中的提高双足机器人行走稳定性的控制方法对应的程序指令/模块。处理器610通过运行存储在存储器620中的非易失性软件程序、指令以及模块,从而执行服务器的各种功能应用以及数据处理,即实现上述方法实施例中的提高双足机器人行走稳定性的控制方法。
存储器620可以包括存储程序区和存储数据区,其中,存储程序区可存储操作系统、至少一个功能所需要的应用程序;存储数据区可存储根据双足机器人的使用所创建的数据等。此外,存储器620可以包括高速随机存取存储器,还可以包括非易失性存储器,例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他非易失性固态存储器件。在一些实施例中,存储器620可选包括相对于处理器610远程设置的存储器,这些远程存储器可以通过网络连接至双足机器人。上述网络的实例包括但不限于互联网、企业内部网、局域网、移动通信网及其组合。
所述一个或者多个模块存储在所述存储器620中,当被所述一个或者多个处理器610执行时,执行上述任意方法实施例中的提高双足机器人行走稳定性的控制方法,例如,执行以上描述的图1中的方法步骤101至步骤106;实现附图2第一姿态控制模块22以及第二柔顺控制模块24等的功能。
上述产品可执行本申请实施例所提供的方法,具备执行方法相应的功能模块和有益效果。未在本实施例中详尽描述的技术细节,可参见本申请实施例所提供的方法。
本申请实施例提供了一种非易失性计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令,该计算机可执行指令被一个或多个处理器执行,例如,执行以上描述的图1中的方法步骤101至步骤106;实现附图2第一姿态控制模块22以及第二柔顺控制模块24等的功能。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;在本申请的思路下,以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合,步骤可以以任意顺序实现,并存在如上所述的本申请的不同方面的许多其它变化,为了简明,它们没有在细节中提供;尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (11)
- 一种双足机器人步态控制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:获取六维力信息,并根据所述六维力信息判断双足机器人的支撑状态;根据所述六维力信息,计算双足机器人每个足部的ZMP位置;根据所述支撑状态以及本体姿态误差设定每个足部的ZMP期望值;根据所述ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率以及所述ZMP期望值以及所述ZMP期望值的变化率确定所述双足机器人每个足部的踝关节补偿角度;根据所述踝关节补偿角,实时跟踪调整双足机器人当前的踝关节角度;以设定频率循环以上步骤直至在不同支撑状态中完成姿态控制或踝关节柔顺。
- 根据权利要求1所述的双足机器人步态控制方法,其特征在于,在判断所述双足机器人的支撑状态为单脚支撑时,获取由惯性测量单元测量得到的本体姿态信息,根据所述机器人本体姿态信息确定ZMP期望值;根据所述ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率以及所述ZMP期望值以及所述ZMP期望值的变化率确定所述双足机器人每一足部的踝关节补偿角度。
- 根据权利要求2所述的双足机器人步态控制方法,其特征在于,所述跟踪调整当前双足机器人的踝关节角度的步骤还包括:将ZMP位置的偏差项转换成引起踝关节转动的虚拟力矩;根据所述虚拟力矩和刚体转动定律,得到所述踝关节补偿角;将所述踝关节补偿角度累加至双足机器人当前姿态下每个足部的踝关节角度以在单脚支撑状态中控制双足机器人的姿态。
- 根据权利要求1所述的双足机器人步态控制方法,其特征在于,在判断所述双足机器人足部的支撑状态为摆动期或双足支撑期时,所述ZMP期望值设置为零;根据所述ZMP位置和ZMP位置变化率确定所述双足机器人的踝关节补偿角度。
- 根据权利要求4所述的双足机器人步态控制方法,其特征在于,所述跟踪调整当前双足机器人的踝关节角度的步骤还包括:将ZMP位置的偏差项转换成引起踝关节转动的虚拟力矩;根据所述虚拟力矩和刚体转动定律进行动力学计算,得到所述踝关节补偿角;将所述踝关节补偿角度累加至双足机器人当前姿态下每个足部的踝关节角度以在双脚支撑期和摆动期中实现踝关节柔顺。
- 根据权利要求1所述的双足机器人步态控制方法,其特征在于,所述ZMP期望值为:ZMP_desire=K p1*(Roll_desire-Roll_imu)+K d1*(0-Roll_dot_imu)其中K p1、K d1为控制参数,Roll_desire为期望的滚动角,Roll_imu和Roll_dot_imu为惯性测量单元反馈的滚动角度值和角速度值。
- 根据权利要求1所述的双足机器人步态控制方法,其特征在于,所述获取六维力信息的步骤包括,通过设置在足底的六维力传感器获取所述双足机器人的六维力信息,在垂直脚面的受力小于设定阈值时,所述支撑状态为非单腿支撑期,大于所述设定阈值时,所述支撑状态为单腿支撑状态。
- 根据权利要求1所述的双足机器人步态控制方法,其特征在于,所述计算双足机器人每个足部的ZMP位置的步骤包括:获取所述双足机器人的六维力信息,根据所述六维力信息计算每个足部的ZMP位置;对所述ZMP位置进行差分及滤波处理,得到所述ZMP位置变化率。
- 一种双足机器人,包括机身以及第一足部与第二足部,所述机身设置至 少一处理器、存储器以及连接所述至少一处理器的惯性测量单元,所述第一足部包括连接所述至少一处理器的第一六维力传感器以及第一关节控制器,所述第二足部包括连接所述至少一处理器的第二六维力传感器以及第二关节控制器,其中,所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令,所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行时,使所述至少一个处理器能够执行权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法,使惯性测量单元、第一六维力传感器以及第二六维力传感器采集数据并控制所述第一关节控制器以及第二关节控制器在不同支撑状态中完成姿态控制或踝关节柔顺。
- 一种计算机程序产品,其特征在于,所述计算机程序产品包括存储在非易失性计算机可读存储介质上的计算机程序,所述计算机程序包括程序指令,当所述程序指令被计算机执行时,使所述计算机执行权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法。
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| US16/572,637 US11230001B2 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2019-09-17 | Biped robot gait control method and biped robot |
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