WO2020133148A1 - 区块链的数据处理方法、装置和区块链系统 - Google Patents

区块链的数据处理方法、装置和区块链系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133148A1
WO2020133148A1 PCT/CN2018/124646 CN2018124646W WO2020133148A1 WO 2020133148 A1 WO2020133148 A1 WO 2020133148A1 CN 2018124646 W CN2018124646 W CN 2018124646W WO 2020133148 A1 WO2020133148 A1 WO 2020133148A1
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blockchain
block
layer
node
data
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PCT/CN2018/124646
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张焱
施逸
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合肥达朴汇联科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/124646 priority Critical patent/WO2020133148A1/zh
Priority to US17/265,875 priority patent/US11977537B2/en
Priority to EP18944835.0A priority patent/EP3905636A1/en
Publication of WO2020133148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133148A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/23—Updating
    • G06F16/2379—Updates performed during online database operations; commit processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/27—Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of Internet technology, and more specifically, to a blockchain data processing method, device, and blockchain system.
  • Blockchain is a distributed accounting technology. Due to the decentralization of the blockchain, it cannot be tampered with, and it has been widely valued without the advantages of third-party trust guarantee.
  • the present disclosure provides a blockchain data processing method, device, and blockchain system that can at least partially solve the above problems.
  • An aspect of the present disclosure provides a data processing method for a blockchain.
  • the blockchain network includes an underlying blockchain network and at least one upper-layer blockchain network.
  • the underlying blockchain network includes multiple underlying blockchains.
  • the upper-layer blockchain network includes multiple upper-layer blockchain nodes, and the data processing method of the blockchain is applied to the upper-layer blockchain nodes, including: applying the upper-layer area corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which this node belongs
  • the block data in the blockchain is sent to the underlying blockchain nodes, so that each underlying blockchain node will pass the consensus verification to store the above-mentioned block data in the underlying blockchain corresponding to the underlying blockchain network.
  • sending the block data in the upper-layer blockchain node corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which this node belongs to the lower-layer blockchain node includes: when this node is used as a consensus node to create a new block and then When the new block is added to the upper-layer blockchain, the data corresponding to the new block is sent to the underlying blockchain node; or, when this node is used as a consensus node, a new block is created and the When a new block is added to the upper-layer blockchain, the data corresponding to the first preset number of blocks before the new block is sent to the underlying blockchain node.
  • the above method further includes: for any block in the upper-layer blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs, acquiring the block corresponding to the block stored in the underlying blockchain Data, based on the obtained block data to verify the legitimacy of the block in the upper layer blockchain corresponding to the upper layer blockchain network.
  • the block data includes the hash value corresponding to the block.
  • Obtaining the block data corresponding to the block stored in the underlying blockchain described above, and verifying the legitimacy of the block in the upper blockchain corresponding to the upper blockchain network based on the acquired block data include: Obtain the hash value corresponding to the block stored in the underlying blockchain. When the obtained hash value is different from the hash value currently corresponding to the block, it is determined that the block is illegal. When the hash is obtained When the value is the same as the hash value currently corresponding to the block, the block is determined to be legal.
  • the above method further includes: when it is determined that the block is illegal, the block data corresponding to the block stored in the underlying block chain is used to perform data recovery on the block.
  • the above method further includes: receiving election data sent by an upper-layer blockchain node with a first account balance and/or a second account balance in the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs.
  • the election data includes: sending Information of the upper-layer blockchain node in the upper-layer blockchain network to which the current node selected by the upper-layer blockchain node of the election data belongs. Based on the election data received in this round, a consensus node is determined from the upper-layer blockchain nodes selected by each election data, so that the consensus node performs a block packing operation in a new round.
  • the value in the first account of any upper-layer blockchain node is used to characterize the number of digital currencies owned by the upper-layer blockchain node
  • the value in the second account of any upper-layer blockchain node is used to characterize The number of votes that the upper-level blockchain node has.
  • the above method further includes: receiving transaction information sent by an upper-layer blockchain node in the upper-layer blockchain network to which this node belongs; determining a first value according to the transaction information, the first value is used to characterize the direction The value added in the second account of the upper blockchain node of the transaction provider corresponding to the transaction information; sending the first value to each upper blockchain in the upper blockchain network to which this node belongs Nodes, so that each upper-layer blockchain node stores the first value in its corresponding upper-layer blockchain.
  • the above determination of the first value according to the transaction information includes: determination of the first value according to the total amount of trading objects corresponding to the transaction information.
  • different upper-layer blockchain networks correspond to different upper-layer blockchains, and different upper-layer blockchains store transaction information corresponding to different types of transactions.
  • the blockchain network includes a bottom-layer blockchain network and at least one upper-layer blockchain network.
  • the bottom-layer blockchain network includes a plurality of bottom-layer blocks Chain node
  • the upper-layer blockchain network includes multiple upper-layer blockchain nodes
  • the above-mentioned blockchain data processing device is applied to the upper-layer blockchain node, including: a security processing module, which is used to divide the upper-layer area to which this node belongs
  • the block data in the upper block chain corresponding to the block chain network is sent to the bottom block chain node, so that each bottom block chain node passes the consensus verification to store the block data in the bottom block corresponding to the bottom block chain network In the chain.
  • the security processing module sends the block data in the upper-layer blockchain node corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs to the lower-layer blockchain node.
  • the security processing module is used when the node is created as a consensus node When a new block is added to the upper-layer blockchain, the data corresponding to the new block is sent to the underlying blockchain node; or, when the node is created as a consensus node When a new block is added to the upper-layer blockchain, the data corresponding to the first preset number of blocks before the new block is sent to the underlying blockchain node.
  • the above-mentioned device further includes a verification module for acquiring, for any block in the upper-layer blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs, the block stored in the lower-layer blockchain and the block The corresponding block data verifies the legality of the block based on the block data.
  • the block data includes a hash value corresponding to the block.
  • the verification module obtains the block data corresponding to the block stored in the underlying blockchain, and verifying the legitimacy of the block based on the block data includes: the verification module is used to obtain the underlying blockchain
  • the hash value stored in the block corresponding to the block is determined to be illegal when the acquired hash value is different from the hash value currently corresponding to the block. When the acquired hash value is equal to When the current corresponding hash value of the block is the same, it is determined that the block is legal.
  • the above device further includes a recovery module for recovering the block using block data stored in the underlying blockchain corresponding to the block when the block is determined to be illegal.
  • the above device further includes a consensus module for receiving election data sent by an upper-layer blockchain node with a first account balance and/or a second account balance in the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs, the election The data includes: the information of the upper-layer blockchain node in the upper-layer blockchain network to which the current node selected by the upper-layer blockchain node that sent out the election data; based on the election data received in this round, from each election Consensus nodes are determined among the upper-layer blockchain nodes selected by the data, so that the consensus nodes perform block packing operations in a new round.
  • the value in the first account of any upper-layer blockchain node is used to characterize the number of digital currencies owned by the upper-layer blockchain node
  • the value in the second account of any upper-layer blockchain node is used to characterize The number of votes that the upper-level blockchain node has.
  • the above-mentioned device further includes a ballot issuance module for receiving transaction information sent by an upper-layer blockchain node in the upper-layer blockchain network to which this node belongs; determining a first value according to the transaction information, the first The value is used to characterize the value added to the second account of the upper blockchain node that is the provider of the transaction corresponding to the transaction information; the first value is sent to the upper blockchain network to which this node belongs Each upper-layer blockchain node, so that each upper-layer blockchain node stores the first value in its corresponding upper-layer blockchain.
  • the ballot issuance module determining the first value according to the transaction information includes: the ballot issuance module is used to determine the first value according to the total amount of the transaction corresponding to the transaction information.
  • different upper-layer blockchain networks correspond to different upper-layer blockchains, and different upper-layer blockchains store transaction information corresponding to different types of transactions.
  • a blockchain system including: an underlying blockchain network and at least one upper blockchain network, the underlying blockchain network includes a plurality of underlying blockchain nodes, and an upper blockchain network Includes multiple upper-level blockchain nodes.
  • the upper-layer blockchain node is used to send the block data in the upper-layer blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which it belongs to the lower-layer blockchain node.
  • the underlying blockchain node is used to broadcast the received block data to each underlying blockchain node, so that each underlying blockchain node will pass the consensus verification to store the block data into the underlying area corresponding to the underlying blockchain network In the blockchain.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the program, the method described above is implemented .
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having executable instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor causes the processor to perform the method as described above.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer program that includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed, are used to implement the method described above.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure it is possible to at least partially solve/mitigate/suppress/even avoid the problems in the prior art that the blockchain network transaction throughput is small and the initial security is low, so that the block data in the upper layer blockchain
  • the legality of the system is double verified by the upper blockchain network and the lower blockchain network, and the security of the block data is double protected by the upper blockchain and the lower blockchain, further enhancing the multi-party witness of the blockchain Characteristics, and because this solution expands the existing one-dimensional blockchain network into a two-dimensional blockchain network through the combination of the underlying blockchain network and the upper blockchain network, it can greatly improve the transaction of the entire blockchain network Throughput is in line with the current fast-growing transaction status requirements for the blockchain network.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an exemplary system architecture of a data processing method and apparatus to which a blockchain can be applied according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a flowchart of a data processing method of a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3A schematically shows a schematic architecture diagram of a blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 3B schematically shows a schematic diagram of an upper-layer blockchain corresponding to an upper-layer blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a block diagram of a data processing apparatus of a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a block diagram of a data processing device of a blockchain according to another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a block diagram of a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a block diagram of a computer device suitable for implementing a data processing method of a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • At least one of A, B, and C When using an expression similar to “at least one of A, B, and C,” etc., generally speaking, it should be interpreted according to the meaning generally understood by those skilled in the art (for example, “having A, B, and C" "At least one of the systems” shall include, but is not limited to, systems with A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and/or systems with A, B, C, etc. ).
  • At least one of A, B, or C When using an expression similar to “at least one of A, B, or C,” etc., generally speaking, it should be interpreted according to the meaning generally understood by those skilled in the art (for example, “having A, B, or C "At least one of the systems” shall include, but is not limited to, systems with A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and/or systems with A, B, C, etc. ).
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data processing method and device of a blockchain and a blockchain system to which the method can be applied.
  • the publication builds a new type of blockchain network, which includes a bottom-layer blockchain network and at least one upper-layer blockchain network, where the bottom-layer blockchain network includes multiple bottom-layer blockchain nodes and an upper-layer blockchain
  • the network includes multiple upper-layer blockchain nodes.
  • the method includes a block data sending stage and a security hardening stage.
  • the block data sending stage is executed by the upper-layer blockchain node, and sends the block data in the upper-layer blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs to the bottom layer Blockchain nodes, and then the security hardening stage is executed by the underlying blockchain nodes.
  • each underlying blockchain node After receiving the block data sent by the upper blockchain nodes, each underlying blockchain node passes the consensus verification to store the block data in the underlying area The underlying blockchain corresponding to the blockchain network.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an exemplary system architecture 100 of a data processing method and apparatus to which a blockchain can be applied according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is only an example of a system architecture to which the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to help those skilled in the art understand the technical content of the present disclosure, but it does not mean that the embodiments of the present disclosure cannot be used for other Equipment, system, environment or scene.
  • the system architecture 100 may include multiple electronic devices (101-107).
  • the electronic device (101-107) may be a personal computer (PC), a web server, a database server, or the like.
  • Each of the electronic devices (101-107) may have the same or different computing capabilities.
  • each electronic device can communicate with each other to form a blockchain network, and each electronic device serves as a blockchain node in the blockchain network, and each blockchain node maintains the same blockchain Database (hereinafter collectively referred to as "blockchain").
  • each blockchain node can communicate with different service providers and/or client computing devices (such as servers/server clusters, terminal devices, etc.), that is, as service providers and/or For the blockchain nodes corresponding to the clients, each service provider and/or client can perform operations such as reading and writing data in the blockchain through the corresponding blockchain nodes.
  • FIG. 1 is only schematic. According to the implementation needs, there can be any number of electronic devices.
  • the data processing method of the blockchain provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be run in the electronic device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a flowchart of a data processing method of a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method is applied to a new type of blockchain network constructed by the present disclosure.
  • the blockchain network includes an underlying blockchain network and at least one upper blockchain network.
  • the underlying blockchain network It includes multiple bottom-layer blockchain nodes, and the upper-layer blockchain network includes multiple upper-layer blockchain nodes.
  • This method is executed by the upper-layer blockchain node in the blockchain network, and the data processing process of the blockchain provided by the present disclosure is explained from the upper-layer blockchain node side.
  • the method includes, in operation S201, acquiring block data in the upper layer blockchain corresponding to the upper layer blockchain network to which the node belongs.
  • the block data is sent to the underlying blockchain node, so that each underlying blockchain node passes the consensus verification to store the block data in the underlying blockchain corresponding to the underlying blockchain network .
  • the method shown in FIG. 2 creatively constructs a composite double-layer blockchain network including the underlying blockchain network and at least one upper-layer blockchain network.
  • the upper-layer blockchain network The upper-layer blockchain node in the network can send the block data in the blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to the underlying blockchain network, and the underlying blockchain node will verify the
  • the block data is further stored in the underlying blockchain, so that the legality of the block data in the upper blockchain is double verified by the upper blockchain network and the lower blockchain network, and the security of the block data is obtained by the upper zone
  • the dual protection of the blockchain and the underlying blockchain further enhances the multi-party witness and immutable characteristics of the blockchain, and due to the combination of the underlying blockchain network and the upper blockchain network, the current one-dimensional block
  • the expansion of the chain network into a two-dimensional blockchain network can greatly increase the transaction throughput of the entire blockchain network, which is in line with the current rapid development of the transaction status of the blockchain network.
  • sending the block data in the upper-layer blockchain node corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs to the lower-layer blockchain node may specifically include: When a node creates a new block as a consensus node and adds the new block to the upper-layer blockchain, the data corresponding to the new block is sent to the underlying blockchain node. Or, when the local node serves as a consensus node to create a new block and add the new block to the upper-layer blockchain, the block corresponding to the first preset number of blocks before the new block The data is sent to the underlying blockchain node.
  • the upper-layer blockchain node that is the consensus node can create a new block and insert the blockchain into the upper-layer blockchain network
  • the relevant data of the new block is sent to the underlying blockchain network, that is, the relevant data of the new block is generated while the latest blockchain generates the latest block Synchronized to the underlying blockchain network, so that each underlying blockchain node in the underlying blockchain network can store the relevant data of the latest block in the upper blockchain into the underlying blockchain after consensus verification This process is the same for each newly generated block in the upper-layer blockchain.
  • each newest block generated in the upper-layer blockchain will be synchronously verified by each lower-layer blockchain node in the lower-layer blockchain network, and if there is a problem with the latest block, the lower-layer area will be obtained in time
  • the feedback of the blockchain network, and thus the upper-layer blockchain network can avoid the subsequent chaining of new blocks behind the problematic block.
  • the upper-layer blockchain node as a consensus node can create a new block and insert the blockchain into the end of the upper-layer blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network, while The relevant data of the first preset number of blocks in the blockchain before the new block is sent to the underlying blockchain network, that is, the relevant data of the irreversible blocks that have been in the upper blockchain for a period of time are synchronized to The underlying blockchain network, so that each underlying blockchain node in the underlying blockchain network can store the relevant data of the irreversible block in the upper blockchain into the underlying blockchain after consensus verification. This process is the same for every irreversible block in the upper-layer blockchain. In this way, the upper-layer blockchain network synchronizes the blocks in the upper-layer blockchain whose status is irreversible to the underlying blockchain after a period of time, that is, directly synchronizes the blocks with higher credibility to the underlying blockchain.
  • the method shown in FIG. 2 further includes: for any block in the upper-layer blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs, acquiring the location in the lower-layer blockchain
  • the stored block data corresponding to the block in the upper-layer blockchain verifies the legitimacy of the block in the upper-layer blockchain based on the obtained block data.
  • the block data includes the hash value corresponding to the block.
  • Obtaining the block data stored in the underlying blockchain corresponding to the block in the upper blockchain described above, and verifying the legitimacy of the block in the upper blockchain based on the acquired block data includes: acquiring the underlying The hash value stored in the blockchain corresponding to the block in the upper blockchain, when the obtained hash value is different from the hash value currently corresponding to the block in the upper blockchain, the upper layer is determined The block in the blockchain is illegal.
  • the obtained hash value is the same as the hash value currently corresponding to the block in the upper-layer blockchain, it is determined that the block in the upper-layer blockchain is legal.
  • This embodiment can cope with the situation where a block in the upper-layer blockchain is subjected to a malicious attack. For example, when a block A in the upper-layer blockchain is generated, the data contained in it is legal, and the block A Corresponding block data is synchronized to the underlying blockchain network, and each underlying blockchain node after consensus verification stores the block data corresponding to block A into the underlying blockchain, due to the development of the underlying blockchain network It is complete and has a large number of bottom-layer blockchain nodes. The block data corresponding to this block A in the upper-layer blockchain stored in the bottom-layer blockchain will not be tampered under consensus supervision.
  • the block data of the block A stored in the underlying blockchain can be used as a legal basis to specifically obtain the information in the underlying blockchain.
  • Store the hash value 1 corresponding to the block A to obtain the hash value 2 corresponding to the block A in the current upper-layer blockchain.
  • the hash value 2 is different from the hash value 1, determine the upper-layer blockchain The block A has indeed been tampered with, otherwise it has not been tampered with and is still legal.
  • the block data of the upper-layer blockchain stored in the lower-layer blockchain is used as the basis for judging the validity of the blocks in the upper-layer blockchain to determine whether the blocks in the upper-layer blockchain are legal
  • the method shown in FIG. 2 further includes: when it is determined that the block in the upper-layer blockchain is illegal, using the stored in the lower-layer blockchain and the upper-layer blockchain.
  • the block data corresponding to the block performs data recovery on the block in the upper block chain.
  • the upper-layer blockchain network in the blockchain network provided by the present disclosure may adopt an improved consensus mechanism to determine the consensus nodes of each round.
  • the method shown in FIG. 2 Including: For any upper-layer blockchain network, receiving the election data sent by the upper-layer blockchain node with the first account balance and/or the second account balance in the upper-layer blockchain network to which this node belongs, the election data includes : The information of the upper-layer blockchain node in the upper-layer blockchain network to which the current node selected by the upper-layer blockchain node sending out the election data; based on the election data received in this round, from each election data place A consensus node is determined among the selected upper-layer blockchain nodes, so that the consensus node performs a block packing operation in a new round.
  • the value in the first account of any upper-layer blockchain node is used to characterize the number of digital currencies owned by the upper-layer blockchain node
  • the value in the second account of any upper-layer blockchain node is used to characterize The number of votes that the upper-level blockchain node has.
  • the upper blockchain node with the first account balance refers to the upper blockchain node holding the digital currency
  • the upper blockchain node with the second account balance refers to the upper blockchain node holding the ballot.
  • the source of the election data received in may be: an upper-level blockchain node holding digital currency, an upper-level blockchain node holding votes, and an upper-level blockchain node holding both digital currency and votes.
  • the digital currency is a virtual currency that is exchanged in the upper blockchain network, and the votes are issued to the upper blockchain nodes according to certain rules.
  • the consensus node is determined through the election data sent by each upper-layer blockchain node.
  • the upper-layer blockchain node that issues the voting data is holding votes and/or numbers
  • the upper blockchain node of the currency, the election data contains the information of the upper blockchain node in the same blockchain network selected by the upper blockchain node that sent the election data, selected from each election data in one round Consensus nodes are identified among the upper-level blockchain nodes.
  • this scheme does not need to consume the computing power resources of upper-layer blockchain nodes, and because this scheme uses two methods of voting and digital currency
  • the influence of election authority can effectively prevent the consensus of the upper-layer blockchain toward the centralized trend of digital currency gathering in a few upper-layer blockchain nodes, and maintain the decentralized characteristics of the upper-layer blockchain network.
  • votes may be issued to upper-layer blockchain nodes in the upper-layer blockchain network through different rules as needed to exert an influence on consensus elections through the votes.
  • votes can be issued to upper-layer blockchain nodes that contribute to the upper-layer blockchain network, and the voting authority of the contributing upper-layer blockchain nodes can be granted to encourage each district in the same upper-layer blockchain network Blockchain nodes jointly maintain the normal operation of the upper-layer blockchain network.
  • the method shown in FIG. 2 further includes: receiving transaction information sent by an upper-layer blockchain node in the upper-layer blockchain network to which this node belongs; determining the first according to the transaction information Value, the first value is used to represent the value added to the second account of the upper blockchain node that is the provider of the transaction corresponding to the transaction information; send the first value to the upper layer to which this node belongs
  • Each upper-layer blockchain node in the blockchain network so that each upper-layer blockchain node stores the first value in its corresponding upper-layer blockchain.
  • the transaction information is the information of the transaction events between the upper-layer blockchain nodes. In different situations, it serves as the provider of the transaction.
  • the upper-layer blockchain node can be a full node or a light node.
  • the upper-layer blockchain node that is the buyer of the transaction can be a full node or a light node; the full node is capable of performing block data structure packaging operations, capable of Block nodes that perform data recording operations and can run smart contracts, while light nodes cannot perform block data structure packaging operations and data recording operations, nor can they run smart contracts, but both full nodes and light nodes can have a first account And a second account.
  • the transaction information sent by the upper-layer blockchain node includes at least one of the following: information about the transaction, information about the provider of the transaction, and information about the purchaser of the transaction.
  • the first number of votes is issued to the upper blockchain node that is the provider of the transaction.
  • the identification information of the upper blockchain node as the provider of the transaction and the determined first value can be broadcast to each upper blockchain node together, so that each upper blockchain node with data recording capability Correspondingly store the identification information of the upper-layer blockchain node as the provider of the transaction and the first value in their respective blockchain databases, so as to uniformly record the upper-layer blockchain as the provider of the transaction in the upper-layer blockchain
  • the corresponding relationship between the identification information of the node and the first value that is, the information representing the increase of the first value to the second account of the upper-layer blockchain node as the provider of the transaction is uniformly recorded, and this information is used by each upper layer in the blockchain
  • the blockchain nodes are jointly supervised, and according to the above, this information will also be synchronized
  • the above-mentioned determining the first value according to the transaction information includes: determining the first value according to the total amount of the transaction corresponding to the transaction information. That is, how much the contribution of the upper-layer blockchain node that is the provider of the transaction to the upper-layer blockchain network where it is located is measured according to the total amount of the transaction, and then is the provider of the transaction
  • the upper-level blockchain nodes issue a number of votes corresponding to their contributions.
  • the blockchain network includes a bottom-layer blockchain network and at least one upper-layer blockchain network.
  • different upper-layer blockchain networks correspond to each other.
  • different upper-layer blockchains store transaction information corresponding to different types of transactions.
  • a blockchain network includes a bottom-layer blockchain network and two upper-layer blockchain networks.
  • the first upper-layer blockchain network is a blockchain network corresponding to a house leasing platform. Transaction information related to house leasing is located in this The blockchain corresponding to the blockchain network is recorded, and the transaction is a house.
  • the second blockchain network is the blockchain network corresponding to the network data flow sharing platform.
  • the transaction information related to the network data flow is in this block
  • the blockchain corresponding to the chain network is recorded, the transaction is network data traffic, and so on, different upper-layer blockchain networks can be built according to needs to support different transaction processes, which can maximize the transaction of the entire blockchain network Throughput.
  • the consensus mechanism adopted by the underlying blockchain is a Proof of Work (POW) consensus mechanism.
  • POW Proof of Work
  • the underlying blockchain nodes consume a large amount of computing resources at the cost of ensuring the credibility and security of the data stored in the underlying blockchain to provide effective data backup for each upper blockchain network.
  • FIG. 2 The method shown in FIG. 2 will be further described below with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3B in combination with specific embodiments.
  • FIG. 3A schematically shows a schematic architecture diagram of a blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the blockchain network includes an underlying blockchain network 301 and three upper blockchain networks 302, 303, and 304.
  • the underlying blockchain network 301 corresponds to the underlying blockchain and three upper blocks
  • the chain networks 302, 303, and 304 respectively correspond to three different upper-layer blockchains.
  • the upper-layer blockchain network 302 corresponds to the upper-layer blockchain of the house rental platform
  • the upper-layer blockchain network 303 corresponds to the upper-layer of the network data traffic sharing platform.
  • Blockchain, the upper-layer blockchain network 304 corresponds to the upper-layer blockchain of the computing power resource sharing platform.
  • Each upper-layer blockchain network includes multiple upper-layer blockchain nodes.
  • the different-shaped upper-layer blockchain nodes shown in the figure represent upper-layer blockchain nodes with different functional permissions.
  • the underlying blockchain network uses a proof-of-work consensus mechanism.
  • a new delegated proof of stake (D(POS+POX)) consensus mechanism that is improved on the basis of the delegated proof of stake (DPOS) consensus mechanism is adopted to reach consensus.
  • D(POS+POX) delegated proof of stake
  • the proof-of-stake consensus mechanism refers to not only allowing upper-layer blockchain nodes with digital currency to conduct consensus elections, but also allowing upper-layer blockchain nodes with votes to conduct consensus elections. The votes are made for the upper-layer blockchain network according to certain rules. Contributed upper-level blockchain nodes are issued.
  • the upper-layer blockchain node that is the provider of the leased house issues a corresponding number of votes according to the number of leased houses, the number of days, and so on.
  • the upper-layer blockchain network 303 the The upper-layer blockchain node of the data flow provider issues a corresponding number of votes according to the total amount of network data traffic, time and other information shared.
  • the upper-layer block that is the provider of computing resources Chain nodes issue a corresponding number of votes in accordance with the total amount of computing resources shared, time and other information.
  • each upper-layer blockchain network has reached its own consensus mechanism, and each upper-layer blockchain network operates in accordance with its own consensus mechanism.
  • multiple upper-layer blockchain nodes constitute the upper-layer blockchain network.
  • the upper-layer blockchain nodes can participate in the start, progress, and end of transactions between the requester and the provider through smart contracts.
  • the upper-layer blockchain nodes can issue votes through smart contracts.
  • the above-mentioned smart contracts are usually preset codes in the blockchain that can be triggered to execute. After the trigger conditions are met, they can be run in the blockchain nodes to execute the corresponding Operation, because the smart contract stored in the blockchain is difficult to be tampered with, the smart contract can be used to execute the preset code logic, and it will not be intervened by any node during the execution process, thereby performing reliable and trusted operations.
  • FIG. 3B schematically shows a schematic diagram of an upper-layer blockchain corresponding to an upper-layer blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the upper-layer blockchain may be a blockchain corresponding to any upper-layer blockchain network in FIG. 3A.
  • the upper-layer blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network 302 is described as an example. There are currently 4 block data structures in the blockchain.
  • the consensus nodes package to create a new block 5, and after several consensus confirmations, the block 5 is chained into
  • the data corresponding to block 5 can be sent to the underlying blockchain network, and each underlying blockchain node in the underlying blockchain network determines the underlying blockchain through the POW consensus mechanism A consensus node in the network.
  • the consensus node packages the data corresponding to the received block 5 into a new block and the new blockchain is incorporated into the underlying blockchain by each underlying blockchain node after consensus verification.
  • the consensus nodes package and create a new block 5, and after several consensus confirmations, the block 5
  • the data corresponding to the block 2 in the irreversible state before the block 5 can be sent to the underlying blockchain network, each underlying area in the underlying blockchain network
  • the blockchain node determines the consensus node in the underlying blockchain network through the POW consensus mechanism.
  • the consensus node packages the data corresponding to the received block 2 into a new block and each underlying blockchain node passes the consensus verification The new blockchain is incorporated into the underlying blockchain.
  • each block in the upper blockchain corresponding to the upper blockchain network 302 will be sent to the lower blockchain network, and each block in the upper blockchain corresponding to the other upper blockchain network It will be sent to the underlying blockchain network, which stores all the legal data in the upper blockchain.
  • the upper blockchain node in any upper blockchain network you can query the lower blockchain for the hash value of any block in the upper blockchain corresponding to the upper blockchain network where it is located. Verify whether the block is legal. In this way, each block of the upper-layer blockchain will become a relatively irreversible state.
  • a malicious node tampers the block, or a hacker breaks the block node and then tampers with the block, resulting in a fork
  • the hash value of the blockchain is compared to confirm which of the multiple upper-layer blockchain forks is the correct upper-layer blockchain.
  • the corresponding upper-layer blockchain node in the corresponding upper-layer blockchain network can still obtain all the areas in the upper-layer blockchain through the underlying blockchain Block data, thereby restoring the entire upper blockchain.
  • the present disclosure adopts the architecture of the underlying blockchain network plus the layered blockchain network.
  • Different upper-layer blockchain networks correspond to different application scenarios, and the corresponding upper-layer blockchain records data of different application scenarios.
  • This architecture Expanding the one-dimensional blockchain to two dimensions greatly increases the transaction throughput of the entire blockchain network.
  • each application scenario uses an independent upper-layer blockchain.
  • This architecture isolates different application scenarios by different upper-layer blockchains, so that each application scenario can be customized according to its own unique needs.
  • the upper-layer blockchain will not affect the performance of the upper-layer blockchain in other application scenarios.
  • the present disclosure uses the underlying blockchain to store the block data of all upper-layer blockchains, so that the data security and earth of the newly added upper-layer blockchain are greatly improved, and the newly added upper-layer blockchain is greatly reduced in the initial stage.
  • the block data may be tampered with by malicious block builders or hackers.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a block diagram of a data processing apparatus of a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the data processing device 400 of the blockchain is applied to a new type of blockchain network constructed by the present disclosure.
  • the blockchain network includes a bottom-layer blockchain network and at least one upper-layer blockchain network.
  • the underlying blockchain network includes multiple underlying blockchain nodes, and the upper blockchain network includes multiple upper blockchain nodes.
  • the data processing device 400 of the blockchain is configured in the upper-layer blockchain node, and includes a security processing module 410.
  • the security processing module 410 is used to send the block data in the upper-layer blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which this node belongs to the lower-layer blockchain node, so that each lower-layer blockchain node passes the block through consensus verification
  • the data is stored in the underlying blockchain corresponding to the underlying blockchain network.
  • the security processing module 410 sends the block data in the upper-layer blockchain node corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs to the lower-layer blockchain node.
  • the security processing module 410 is used to When this node acts as a consensus node to create a new block and add the new block to the upper-layer blockchain, send the data corresponding to the new block to the underlying blockchain node; or, When this node acts as a consensus node to create a new block and add the new block to the upper-layer blockchain, the data corresponding to the first preset number of blocks before the new block is sent To the underlying blockchain node.
  • different upper-layer blockchain networks correspond to different upper-layer blockchains, and different upper-layer blockchains store transaction information corresponding to different types of transactions.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a block diagram of a data processing device of a blockchain according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the blockchain data processing device 500 is applied to upper-layer blockchain nodes, including: a security processing module 410, a verification module 420, a recovery module 430, a consensus module 440, and a vote issuance module 450.
  • the security processing module 410 has been described above, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • the verification module 420 is used to obtain the block data corresponding to the block stored in the underlying blockchain for any block in the upper blockchain corresponding to the upper blockchain network to which the node belongs, based on the The block data verifies the legality of the block.
  • the block data includes the hash value corresponding to the block.
  • the verification module 420 obtains the block data corresponding to the block stored in the underlying blockchain, and verifying the legitimacy of the block based on the block data includes: the verification module 420 is used to obtain the underlying block chain
  • the stored hash value corresponding to the block when the acquired hash value is different from the hash value currently corresponding to the block, it is determined that the block is illegal, and when the acquired hash value is When the hash value corresponding to the block is currently the same, it is determined that the block is legal.
  • the recovery module 430 is used to recover the block data using the block data corresponding to the block stored in the underlying blockchain when the block is determined to be illegal .
  • the consensus module 440 is used to receive the election data sent by the upper-layer blockchain node with the first account balance and/or the second account balance in the upper-layer blockchain network to which the node belongs.
  • the election data includes: the information of the upper-layer blockchain node in the upper-layer blockchain network to which the current node selected by the upper-layer blockchain node that sent the election data; based on the election data received in this round, from each Consensus nodes are determined among the upper-layer blockchain nodes selected by the election data, so that the consensus nodes perform block packing operations in a new round.
  • the value in the first account of any upper-layer blockchain node is used to characterize the number of digital currencies owned by the upper-layer blockchain node
  • the value in the second account of any upper-layer blockchain node is used to characterize The number of votes that the upper-level blockchain node has.
  • the ballot issuance module 450 is used to receive the transaction information sent by the upper-layer blockchain node in the upper-layer blockchain network to which this node belongs; determine the first value according to the transaction information, the first A value is used to represent the value added to the second account of the upper blockchain node that is the provider of the transaction corresponding to the transaction information; send the first value to the upper blockchain network to which this node belongs Each upper-layer blockchain node of the network, so that each upper-layer blockchain node stores the first value in its corresponding upper-layer blockchain.
  • the ballot issuance module 450 determining the first value according to the transaction information includes: the ballot issuance module 450 is used to determine the first value according to the total amount of transaction corresponding to the transaction information.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a block diagram of a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the blockchain system 600 includes: a bottom blockchain network 610 and at least one upper blockchain network 620.
  • the underlying blockchain network 610 includes a plurality of underlying blockchain nodes 611
  • the upper blockchain network 620 includes a plurality of upper blockchain nodes 621.
  • the upper-layer blockchain node 621 is used to send the block data in the upper-layer blockchain corresponding to the upper-layer blockchain network 620 to which it belongs to the lower-layer blockchain node 611.
  • the underlying blockchain node 611 is used to broadcast the received block data to each underlying blockchain node 611, so that each underlying blockchain node 611 passes the consensus verification to store the block data into the underlying blockchain network 610 Corresponding to the underlying blockchain.
  • modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units may be implemented in one module. Any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, and sub-units according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by being split into multiple modules.
  • any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, and sub-units according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be at least partially implemented as hardware circuits, such as field programmable gate array (FPGA), programmable logic array (PLA), The system on chip, the system on the substrate, the system on the package, the application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or can be implemented by any other reasonable way of hardware or firmware that integrates or packages the circuit, or by software, hardware, and firmware Any one of these implementations or any appropriate combination of any of them.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • PLA programmable logic array
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • one or more of the modules, submodules, units, and subunits according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, and when the computer program module is executed, a corresponding function may be performed.
  • any of the security processing module 410, the verification module 420, the recovery module 430, the consensus module 440, and the ballot issuance module 450 may be combined into one module, or any one of the modules may be split into multiple Module. Alternatively, at least part of functions of one or more of these modules may be combined with at least part of functions of other modules and implemented in one module.
  • At least one of the security processing module 410, the verification module 420, the recovery module 430, the consensus module 440, and the ticket issuing module 450 may be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array ( FPGA), programmable logic array (PLA), system-on-chip, system on substrate, system on package, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable means such as hardware or firmware that can integrate or package the circuit To achieve, or any one of the three implementations of software, hardware, and firmware, or any suitable combination of any several of them.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • PLA programmable logic array
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • At least one of the security processing module 410, the verification module 420, the recovery module 430, the consensus module 440, and the vote issuance module 450 may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, which can be executed when the computer program module is executed The corresponding function.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a block diagram of a computer device suitable for implementing the method described above according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the computer device shown in FIG. 7 is only an example, and should not bring any limitation to the functions and use scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the computer device 700 includes a processor 701 that can be loaded into a random access memory (RAM) 703 according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 702 or from the storage section 708 Program to perform various appropriate actions and processing.
  • the processor 701 may include, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor (eg, CPU), an instruction set processor and/or related chipset, and/or a dedicated microprocessor (eg, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), and so on.
  • the processor 701 may also include on-board memory for caching purposes.
  • the processor 701 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of the method flow according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the processor 701, ROM 702, and RAM 703 are connected to each other through a bus 704.
  • the processor 701 performs various operations of the method flow according to the embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs in the ROM 702 and/or the RAM 703. It should be noted that the program may also be stored in one or more memories other than ROM 702 and RAM 703.
  • the processor 701 may also execute various operations of the method flow according to the embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs stored in the one or more memories.
  • the device 700 may further include an input/output (I/O) interface 705, and the input/output (I/O) interface 705 is also connected to the bus 704.
  • the device 700 may also include one or more of the following components connected to the I/O interface 705: an input portion 706 including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; including such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker
  • An output section 707 such as; a storage section 708 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 709 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, modem, etc.
  • the communication section 709 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet.
  • the drive 710 is also connected to the I/O interface 705 as needed.
  • a removable medium 711 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like, is installed on the drive 710 as necessary, so that the computer program read out therefrom is installed into the storage portion 708 as needed.
  • the method flow according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented as a computer software program.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product that includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the method shown in the flowchart.
  • the computer program may be downloaded and installed from the network through the communication section 709, and/or installed from the removable medium 711.
  • the above-mentioned functions defined in the system of the embodiment of the present disclosure are executed.
  • the above-described systems, devices, devices, modules, units, etc. may be implemented by computer program modules.
  • the present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be included in the device/apparatus/system described in the above embodiments; or may exist alone without being assembled into the device/ Device/system.
  • the above computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, and when the above one or more programs are executed, the method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is implemented.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, which may include, but is not limited to, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), and a read-only memory (ROM) , Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program, which may be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may include one or more memories other than the ROM 702 and/or RAM 703 and/or ROM 702 and RAM 703 described above.
  • each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a part of code, and the above-mentioned module, program segment, or part of code contains one or more for implementing a specified logical function Executable instructions.
  • the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks represented in succession may actually be executed in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved.
  • each block in the block diagram or flowchart, and a combination of blocks in the block diagram or flowchart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or can be used It is realized by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

Abstract

一种区块链的数据处理方法，区块链网络包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，所述底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，所述上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点，所述方法应用于上层区块链节点，包括：将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点，使得各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将所述区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。

Description

区块链的数据处理方法、装置和区块链系统 技术领域
本公开涉及互联网技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种区块链的数据处理方法、装置和区块链系统。
背景技术
区块链是一种分布式记账技术。由于区块链具有去中心化，不可篡改，无需第三方信任担保的优点而得到广泛重视。
当前主流区块链网络存在着种种问题。其中最为突出的问题是每秒交易吞吐量(tps)的严重不足。据统计，传统支付方式在2016年时平均每秒处理1667笔交易，而比特币每秒仅能处理3到4笔交易，以太坊每秒仅能处理20笔交易。为了使区块链成为一种真正可用的转账技术，扩大每秒交易吞吐量刻不容缓。
并且，区块链网络在被创建的初期，由于全节点的数量稀少和机器总算力的孱弱，极易被作恶节点篡改或是被黑客所攻击。由此可能导致大量的经济损失甚至是整个区块链系统的崩塌。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开提供了一种至少能够部分解决上述问题的区块链的数据处理方法、装置和区块链系统。
本公开的一个方面提供了一种区块链的数据处理方法，区块链网络包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，所述底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，所述上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点，该区块链的数据处理方法应用于上层区块链节点，包括：将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点，使得各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将上述区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。
可选地，上述将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链节点中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点包括：当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将该新的区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点；或者，当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区 块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将该新的区块之前的第预设数量个区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点。
可选地，上述方法还包括：对于本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的任一区块，获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所获取的区块数据验证上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的该区块的合法性。
可选地，上述区块数据包括区块对应的哈希值。上述获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所获取的区块数据验证上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的该区块的合法性包括：获取底层区块链中所存储的与该区块对应的哈希值，当所获取的哈希值与该区块当前对应的哈希值不同时，确定该区块不合法，当所获取的哈希值与该区块当前对应的哈希值相同时，确定该区块合法。
可选地，上述方法还包括：当确定该区块不合法时，利用底层区块链所存储的与该区块对应的区块数据对该区块进行数据恢复。
可选地，上述方法还包括：接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中具有第一账户余额和/或第二账户余额的上层区块链节点发出的选举数据，所述选举数据包括：发出所述选举数据的上层区块链节点所选择的本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点的信息。基于本轮次内接收到的选举数据，从各选举数据所选择的上层区块链节点中确定共识节点，使得所述共识节点在新一轮次中执行区块打包操作。其中，任一上层区块链节点的第一账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的数字货币的数量，任一上层区块链节点的第二账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的选票的数量。
可选地，上述方法还包括：接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点发出的交易信息；根据所述交易信息确定第一数值，所述第一数值用于表征向作为所述交易信息对应的交易物提供方的上层区块链节点的第二账户中增加的数值；将所述第一数值发送至本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的各上层区块链节点，以使各上层区块链节点将所述第一数值存入各自对应的上层区块链中。
可选地，上述根据所述交易信息确定第一数值包括：根据所述交易信息对应的交易物的总量确定所述第一数值。
可选地，不同的上层区块链网络对应于不同的上层区块链，不同的上层区块链存储对应于不同类型交易物的交易信息。
本公开的另一个方面提供了一种区块链的数据处理装置，区块链网络包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，所述底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，所述上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点，上述区块链的数据处理装置应用于上层区块链节点，包括：安全处理模块，用于将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点，使得各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将所述区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。
可选地，安全处理模块将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链节点中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点包括：安全处理模块用于当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将所述新的区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点；或者，当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将所述新的区块之前的第预设数量个区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点。
可选地，上述装置还包括验证模块，用于对于本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的任一区块，获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所述区块数据验证所述区块的合法性。
可选地，所述区块数据包括区块对应的哈希值。验证模块获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所述区块数据验证所述区块的合法性包括：所述验证模块，用于获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的哈希值，当所获取的哈希值与所述区块当前对应的哈希值不同时，确定所述区块不合法，当所获取的哈希值与所述区块当前对应的哈希值相同时，确定所述区块合法。
可选地，上述装置还包括恢复模块，用于当确定所述区块不合法时，利用底层区块链所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据对所述区块进行数据恢复。
可选地，上述装置还包括共识模块，用于接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中具有第一账户余额和/或第二账户余额的上层区块链节点发出的选举数据，所述选举数据包括：发出所述选举数据的上层区块链节点所选择的本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点的信息；基于本轮次内接收到的选举数据，从各选举数据所选择的上层区块链节点中确定共识节点，使得所述共识节 点在新一轮次中执行区块打包操作。其中，任一上层区块链节点的第一账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的数字货币的数量，任一上层区块链节点的第二账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的选票的数量。
可选地，上述装置还包括选票发放模块，用于接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点发出的交易信息；根据所述交易信息确定第一数值，所述第一数值用于表征向作为所述交易信息对应的交易物提供方的上层区块链节点的第二账户中增加的数值；将所述第一数值发送至本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的各上层区块链节点，以使各上层区块链节点将所述第一数值存入各自对应的上层区块链中。
可选地，选票发放模块根据所述交易信息确定第一数值包括：选票发放模块用于根据所述交易信息对应的交易物的总量确定所述第一数值。
可选地，不同的上层区块链网络对应于不同的上层区块链，不同的上层区块链存储对应于不同类型交易物的交易信息。
本公开的另一个方面提供了一种区块链系统，包括：底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点。上层区块链节点用于将其所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点。底层区块链节点用于将接收到的区块数据广播至各底层区块链节点，使得各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将所述区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。
本公开的另一方面提供了一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述程序时，实现如上所述的方法。
本公开的另一方面提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有可执行指令，该指令被处理器执行时使处理器执行如上所述的方法。
本公开的另一方面提供了一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括计算机可执行指令，所述指令在被执行时用于实现如上所述的方法。
根据本公开的实施例，可以至少部分地解决/减轻/抑制/甚至避免现有技术中区块链网络交易吞吐量小、创建初期安全性低等问题，使得上层区块链中的区块数据的合法性得到上层区块链网络和底层区块链网络的双重验证，区块数据的安全性得到上层区块链和底层区块链双重保护，进一步增强区块链的多方见证、不可篡改的特性，并且由于本方案通过底层区块链网络和上层区块链网络 的结合将现有的一维区块链网络扩展为二维区块链网络，能够极大地提高整个区块链网络的交易吞吐量，符合当前快速发展的交易现状对区块链网络的需求。
附图说明
通过以下参照附图对本公开实施例的描述，本公开的上述以及其他目的、特征和优点将更为清楚，在附图中：
图1示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的可以应用区块链的数据处理方法和装置的示例性系统架构；
图2示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的区块链的数据处理方法的流程图；
图3A示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的区块链网络的架构示意图；
图3B示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链示意图；
图4示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的区块链的数据处理装置的框图；
图5示意性示出了根据本公开的另一实施例的区块链的数据处理装置的框图；
图6示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的区块链系统的框图；以及
图7示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的适于实现区块链的数据处理方法的计算机设备的框图。
具体实施方式
以下，将参照附图来描述本公开的实施例。但是应该理解，这些描述只是示例性的，而并非要限制本公开的范围。在下面的详细描述中，为便于解释，阐述了许多具体的细节以提供对本公开实施例的全面理解。然而，明显地，一个或多个实施例在没有这些具体细节的情况下也可以被实施。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要地混淆本公开的概念。
在此使用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体实施例，而并非意在限制本公开。在此使用的术语“包括”、“包含”等表明了所述特征、步骤、操作和/或部件的存在，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、步骤、操作或部件。
在此使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)具有本领域技术人员通常所理解的含义，除非另外定义。应注意，这里使用的术语应解释为具有与本说明书的上下文相一致的含义，而不应以理想化或过于刻板的方式来解释。
在使用类似于“A、B和C等中至少一个”这样的表述的情况下，一般来说应该按照本领域技术人员通常理解该表述的含义来予以解释(例如，“具有A、B和C中至少一个的系统”应包括但不限于单独具有A、单独具有B、单独具有C、具有A和B、具有A和C、具有B和C、和/或具有A、B、C的系统等)。在使用类似于“A、B或C等中至少一个”这样的表述的情况下，一般来说应该按照本领域技术人员通常理解该表述的含义来予以解释(例如，“具有A、B或C中至少一个的系统”应包括但不限于单独具有A、单独具有B、单独具有C、具有A和B、具有A和C、具有B和C、和/或具有A、B、C的系统等)。
本公开的实施例提供了一种区块链的数据处理方法、装置以及能够应用该方法的区块链系统。该公开构建了新型的区块链网络，该区块链网络包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，其中底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点。该方法包括区块数据发送阶段和安全加固阶段，区块数据发送阶段由上层区块链节点执行，将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点，然后安全加固阶段由底层区块链节点执行，在接收到上层区块链节点发送的区块数据后，各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将该区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。
图1示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的可以应用区块链的数据处理方法和装置的示例性系统架构100。需要注意的是，图1所示仅为可以应用本公开实施例的系统架构的示例，以帮助本领域技术人员理解本公开的技术内容，但并不意味着本公开实施例不可以用于其他设备、系统、环境或场景。
如图1所示，根据该实施例的系统架构100可以包括多个电子设备(101～107)。电子设备(101～107)可以是个人电脑(personal computer，PC)、网络服务器、数据库服务器等。电子设备(101～107)中的每一个电子设备可以具有相同或不同的计算能力。
作为一种实施方式，多个电子设备之间可以相互通信，构成区块链网络，每个电子设备作为该区块链网络中的一个区块链节点，各区块链节点维护相同的区块链数据库(下文中统称为“区块链”)。此外，在系统架构100中，各区块链节点分别可以与不同的服务提供方和/或客户端的计算设备(如服务器/服务器集群、终端设备等)通信，即分别作为各服务提供方和/或客户端对应的区块链节点，每个服务提供方和/或客户端可以通过相应的区块链节点在区块链中进 行数据的读写等操作。
应该理解，图1中的电子设备的数目仅仅是示意性的。根据实现需要，可以具有任意数目的电子设备。
本公开实施例提供的区块链的数据处理方法可以运行于图1所示的电子设备中。
图2示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的区块链的数据处理方法的流程图。
如图2所示，该方法应用于本公开所构建的新型的区块链网络中，该区块链网络包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，所述底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，所述上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点。该方法由区块链网络中的上层区块链节点执行，从上层区块链节点侧说明本公开所提供的区块链的数据处理过程。
该方法包括在操作S201，获取本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据。
然后，在操作S202，将所述区块数据发送至底层区块链节点，使得各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将所述区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。
可见，图2所示的方法创造性地构建了包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络的复合型双层区块链网络，对于任一上层区块链网络，该上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点可以将该上层区块链网络对应的区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链网络，由底层区块链节点经过共识验证将上层区块链中的区块数据进一步存入底层区块链中，使得上层区块链中的区块数据的合法性得到上层区块链网络和底层区块链网络的双重验证，区块数据的安全性得到上层区块链和底层区块链双重保护，进一步增强区块链的多方见证、不可篡改的特性，并且由于本方案通过底层区块链网络和上层区块链网络的结合将现有的一维区块链网络扩展为二维区块链网络，能够极大地提高整个区块链网络的交易吞吐量，符合当前快速发展的交易现状对区块链网络的需求。
在本公开的一个实施例中，图2所示方法中将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链节点中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点具体可以包括：当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将所述新的区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点。或者，当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将所 述新的区块之前的第预设数量个区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点。
依据本实施例，对于任一上层区块链网络来说，一种情形下，作为共识节点的上层区块链节点可以在创建新的区块并将该区块链入该上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链的末端的同时，将该新的区块的相关数据发送至底层区块链网络，即在上层区块链产生最新的区块的同时将该新的区块的相关数据同步至底层区块链网络，以使底层区块链网络中的各底层区块链节点在经过共识验证后可以将该上层区块链中的最新的区块的相关数据存入底层区块链中，该过程对于上层区块链中每个新产生的区块均是如此。这样，上层区块链中每次产生的最新的区块均会同步地被底层区块链网络中的各底层区块链节点进行验证，如果该最新的区块存在问题就会及时得到底层区块链网络的反馈，进而该上层区块链网络可以避免后续在该有问题的区块后面链入新的区块。
在另一种情形下，作为共识节点的上层区块链节点可以在创建新的区块并将该区块链入该上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链的末端的同时，将上层区块链中位于该新的区块之前的第预设数量个区块的相关数据发送至底层区块链网络，即将上层区块链中已经存在一段时间的、不可逆的区块的相关数据同步至底层区块链网络，以使底层区块链网络中的各底层区块链节点在经过共识验证后可以将上层区块链中的该不可逆的区块的相关数据存入底层区块链中，该过程对于上层区块链中的每个不可逆的区块均是如此。这样，上层区块链网络将上层区块链中经过一段时间后状态为不可逆的区块同步至底层区块链，也就是直接将可信度较高的区块同步至底层区块链。
可以知道，无论采用哪种将上层区块链中的区块数据同步至底层区块链中的方式，底层区块链里所保存的仅仅是各上层区块链中的合法、可信的区块数据，尤其是在上层区块链网络尚不完备、上层区块链节点数量较小，导致上层区块链中所存储的区块的合法性和安全性均较低的情形下，本方案在底层区块链中存储确认可信的上层区块链的区块数据，帮助上层区块链网络进行可信数据的加固和备份，以作为上层区块链中区块的合法依据，有助于维护上层区块链网络的稳定。
因此，在本公开的一个实施例中，图2所示的方法还包括：对于本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的任一区块，获取底层区块链中所存储的与上层区块链中的该区块对应的区块数据，基于所获取的区块数据验证上层区块链中的该区块的合法性。
具体地，作为一个可选的实施例，区块数据包括区块对应的哈希值。上述获取底层区块链中所存储的与上层区块链中的该区块对应的区块数据，基于所获取的区块数据验证上层区块链中的该区块的合法性包括：获取底层区块链中所存储的与上层区块链中的该区块对应的哈希值，当所获取的哈希值与上层区块链中的该区块当前对应的哈希值不同时，确定上层区块链中的该区块不合法，当所获取的哈希值与上层区块链中的该区块当前对应的哈希值相同时，确定上层区块链中的该区块合法。
本实施例可以应对上层区块链中的区块遭受到恶意攻击的情况，例如，上层区块链中的某一区块A在生成时其所包含的数据均是合法的，该区块A对应的区块数据被同步至底层区块链网络中，各底层区块链节点经过共识验证后将该区块A对应的区块数据存入底层区块链中，由于底层区块链网络发展较完备且底层区块链节点数目较多，存入底层区块链中的上层区块链中的该区块A对应的区块数据在共识监督下不会被篡改。则当上层区块链中的该区块A可能遭到篡改时，可以以底层区块链中所存储的该区块A的区块数据作为合法依据，具体地，获取底层区块链中所存储的该区块A对应的哈希值1，获取当前上层区块链中该区块A对应的哈希值2，当哈希值2与哈希值1不同时，确定上层区块链中的该区块A确实遭到篡改，反之没有遭到篡改，依然是合法的。
进一步地，在上述实施例以底层区块链中存储的上层区块链的区块数据作为上层区块链中的区块的合法性判断依据，判断得到上层区块链中的区块是否合法后，在本公开的一个实施例中，图2所示的方法还包括：当确定上层区块链中的区块不合法时，利用底层区块链所存储的与上层区块链中的该区块对应的区块数据对上层区块链中的该区块进行数据恢复。
沿用上文中的例子，在确认上层区块链中的区块A确实遭到篡改之后，可以利用底层区块链中所存储的区块A对应的可信的区块数据对上层区块链中已遭到篡改的区块A进行恢复，以恢复上层区块链的真实可信。本实施例对于上层区块链网络中节点较少，上层区块容易遭到篡改、伪造的情况，当上层区块链无法靠自身的共识机制复原正确数据时，可以依赖底层区块链中的备份来对上层区块链中的数据进行复原。
在本公开的一个实施例中，本公开所提供的区块链网络中的上层区块链网络可以采用改进的共识机制来确定各轮次的共识节点，具体地，图2所示的方法还包括：对于任一上层区块链网络，接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中具 有第一账户余额和/或第二账户余额的上层区块链节点发出的选举数据，所述选举数据包括：发出所述选举数据的上层区块链节点所选择的本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点的信息；基于本轮次内接收到的选举数据，从各选举数据所选择的上层区块链节点中确定共识节点，使得所述共识节点在新一轮次中执行区块打包操作。
其中，任一上层区块链节点的第一账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的数字货币的数量，任一上层区块链节点的第二账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的选票的数量。具有第一账户余额的上层区块链节点是指持有数字货币的上层区块链节点，具有第二账户余额的上层区块链节点是指持有选票的上层区块链节点，则上述操作中所接收的选举数据的来源可以是：持有数字货币的上层区块链节点，持有选票的上层区块链节点，既持有数字货币又持有选票的上层区块链节点。其中数字货币是上层区块链网络中进行交易所流通的虚拟货币，而选票是依据一定规则发放给上层区块链节点的不同于数字货币的虚拟货币。
可见，本实施例对于任一上层区块链网络，通过各上层区块链节点发出的选举数据来确定共识节点，具体地，发出投票数据的上层区块链节点是持有选票和/或数字货币的上层区块链节点，选举数据中包含发出选举数据的上层区块链节点所选择的同一区块链网络中的上层区块链节点的信息，在一个轮次内从各选举数据所选择的上层区块链节点中确定共识节点。与现有技术中确定共识区块链节点的方案相比，本方案不需要消耗上层区块链节点的算力资源，且由于本方案通过选票和数字货币两种方式对上层区块链节点的选举权限施加影响，能够有效地避免上层区块链共识向着数字货币在少数上层区块链节点中聚集的中心化趋势发展，维持上层区块链网络的去中心化特点。
在本公开的实施例中，可以根据需要通过不同的规则向上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点发放选票，以通过选票来对共识选举施加影响。优选地，可以对为上层区块链网络做出贡献的上层区块链节点发放选票，给予做出贡献的上层区块链节点共识节点的投权限，以激励同一上层区块链网络中的各区块链节点共同维护该上层区块链网络的正常运转。
具体地，作为一个可选的实施例，图2所示的方法还包括：接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点发出的交易信息；根据所述交易信息确定第一数值，所述第一数值用于表征向作为所述交易信息对应的交易物提供 方的上层区块链节点的第二账户中增加的数值；将所述第一数值发送至本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的各上层区块链节点，以使各上层区块链节点将所述第一数值存入各自对应的上层区块链中。
本实施例描述了向上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点发放选票的方案，交易信息为上层区块链节点之间进行交易的事件的信息，在不同情况下，作为交易物提供方的上层区块链节点可以是全节点也可以是轻节点，作为交易物购买方的上层区块链节点可以是全节点也可以是轻节点；全节点是能够执行区块数据结构打包操作、能够执行数据记录操作、能够运行智能合约的区块链节点，而轻节点无法执行区块数据结构打包操作和数据记录操作也不能运行智能合约，但无论全节点还是轻节点，都可以具有第一账户和第二账户。上层区块链节点发出的交易信息中包括如下至少一项：交易物的信息，交易物提供方的信息，交易物购买方的信息。对作为交易物提供方的上层区块链节点发放第一数值的选票。发放选票时，可以将作为交易物提供方的上层区块链节点的标识信息以及所确定的第一数值一同广播至各上层区块链节点，使得各具有数据记录能力的各上层区块链节点将作为交易物提供方的上层区块链节点的标识信息和第一数值对应存入各自的区块链数据库中，以在上层区块链中统一记录了作为交易物提供方的上层区块链节点的标识信息和第一数值的对应关系，即统一记录了表征向作为交易物提供方的上层区块链节点的第二账户增加第一数值的信息，该信息在区块链中被各上层区块链节点共同监督，且依据上文中的内容，该信息也会被同步至底层区块链中，以保证选票发放过程的可监督性和不可逆性。
其中，作为一个可选的实施例，上述根据所述交易信息确定第一数值包括：根据所述交易信息对应的交易物的总量确定所述第一数值。即依据交易物的总量的多少衡量作为该交易物的提供方的上层区块链节点对其所在的上层区块链网络所做出的贡献的多少，进而为作为该交易物的提供方的上层区块链节点发放与其所做贡献相对应的数量的选票。
需要说明的是，本公开实施例所提供的区块链网络包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，当存在多个上层区块链网络时，不同的上层区块链网络对应于不同的上层区块链，不同的上层区块链存储对应于不同类型交易物的交易信息。例如，区块链网络包括一个底层区块链网络和两个上层区块链网络，第一个上层区块链网络是对应于房屋租赁平台的区块链网络，房屋租赁相关的交易信息在该区块链网络对应的区块链中被记录，交易物为房屋，第二个 区块链网络是对应于网络数据流量分享平台的区块链网络，网络数据流量相关的交易信息在该区块链网络对应的区块链中被记录，交易物为网络数据流量，等等，不同的上层区块链网络可以依据需求构建，以支持不同的交易过程，能够最大化整个区块链网络的交易吞吐。
上述实施例说明了上层区块链网络所采用的共识机制，在本公开的一个实施例中，底层区块链所采用的共识机制为工作量证明(Proof of Work，POW)共识机制，以各底层区块链节点耗费大量的算力资源为代价，保证存入底层区块链中的数据的可信性和安全性，以为各上层区块链网络提供有效的数据备份。
下面参考图3A～图3B，结合具体实施例对图2所示的方法做进一步说明。
图3A示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的区块链网络的架构示意图。
如图3A所示，区块链网络包括一个底层区块链网络301和三个上层区块链网络302、303、304，底层区块链网络301对应于底层区块链，三个上层区块链网络302、303、304分别对应于不同的三条上层区块链，上层区块链网络302对应于房屋租赁平台的上层区块链，上层区块链网络303对应于网络数据流量分享平台的上层区块链，上层区块链网络304对应于计算机算力资源分享平台的上层区块链。每个上层区块链网络中包括多个上层区块链节点，图中示出的不同形状的上层区块链节点表示具有不同功能权限的上层区块链节点。
底层区块链网络采用工作量证明共识机制。对于任一上层区块链网络，采用在委托权益证明(Delegated Proof of Stake，DPOS)共识机制的基础上改进得到的新型委托权益证明(D(POS+POX))共识机制达成共识，该新型委托权益证明共识机制是指不仅允许具有数字货币的上层区块链节点进行共识选举，也允许具有选票的上层区块链节点进行共识选举，该选票是按照一定规则向为上层区块链网络做出贡献的上层区块链节点发放。例如，对于上层区块链网络302，对作为租赁房屋的提供方的上层区块链节点按照出租的房屋的数量、天数等信息发放相应数量的选票，对于上层区块链网络303，对作为网络数据流量的提供方的上层区块链节点按照分享的网络数据流量的总量、时间等信息发放相应数量的选票，对于上层区块链网络304，对作为算力资源的提供方的上层区块链节点按照分享的算力资源的总量、时间等信息发放相应数量的选票。进而达成各上层区块链网络各自的共识机制，各上层区块链网络按照其各自的共识机制运行。
对于任一上层区块链网络，多个上层区块链节点构成上层区块链网络，上 层区块链节点可以通过智能合约参与请求方与提供方之间的交易的开始、进行、以及结束，上层区块链节点可以通过智能合约进行选票的发放，上述智能合约通常是预置于区块链中的、可以被触发执行的代码，满足触发条件后可以在区块链节点中运行以执行相应的操作，由于区块链中存储的智能合约难以被篡改，因而智能合约可用于执行预设的代码逻辑，执行过程中不会被任意节点干预，进而执行可靠、可信的操作。
图3B示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链示意图。
如图3B所示，该上层区块链可以是图3A中的任一上层区块链网络对应的区块链，以上层区块链网络302对应的上层区块链为例进行说明，该上层区块链中目前已有4个区块数据结构。
当上层区块链网络302通过D(POS+POX)共识机制确定当前轮次的共识节点后，共识节点打包创建新的区块5，经过数个共识确认后，在将该区块5链入图3B所示的上层区块链时，可以将该区块5对应的数据发送至底层区块链网络，底层区块链网络中的各底层区块链节点经过POW共识机制确定底层区块链网络中的共识节点，该共识节点将接收到的区块5对应的数据打包至新的区块并由各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将该新的区块链入底层区块链中。或者，当上层区块链网络302通过D(POS+POX)共识机制确定当前轮次的共识节点后，共识节点打包创建新的区块5，经过数个共识确认后，在将该区块5链入图3B所示的上层区块链时，可以将该区块5之前的已为不可逆状态的区块2对应的数据发送至底层区块链网络，底层区块链网络中的各底层区块链节点经过POW共识机制确定底层区块链网络中的共识节点，该共识节点将接收到的区块2对应的数据打包至新的区块并由各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将该新的区块链入底层区块链中。
同理地，上层区块链网络302对应的上层区块链中的每个区块会被发送至底层区块链网络，其他上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的每个区块会被发送至底层区块链网络，底层区块链中存储有所有上层区块链中的合法的数据。
进而，对于任一上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点，可以通过向底层区块链查询其所在的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的任意区块的哈希值来认证该区块是否合法。如此，每一个上层区块链的区块，都会变成相对不可逆状态。当有恶意节点篡改区块时，或者黑客攻破造块节点，进而对区块进行篡 改，导致分叉时，可以通过将当前上层区块链哈希值和底层区块链中存储的该上层区块链的哈希值进行对比，以此可以确认多条上层区块链分叉中哪一条才是正确的上层区块链。
以及，在上层区块链遭到无法靠自身的共识机制复原的破坏时，相应的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点仍旧可以通过底层区块链获得该上层区块链中所有区块的数据，从而恢复整条上层区块链。
基于上述说明可知，本公开的有益效果如下：
第一，本公开采取底层区块链网络加上层区块链网络的架构，不同的上层区块链网络对应于不同的应用场景，相应的上层区块链记录不同应用场景的数据，此种架构将一维的区块链扩展为二维，极大地增加了整个区块链网络的交易吞吐量。
第二，每一种应用场景使用一个独立的上层区块链，此架构将不同的应用场景通过不同上层区块链隔离开，使得每一种应用场景可以根据自身独特的需求而定制化该条上层区块链，不会影响其他应用场景的上层区块链的性能。
第三，本公开通过使用底层区块链存储所有上层区块链的区块数据，使得新增的上层区块链数据安全性及大地提升，极大地降低了新增的上层区块链在初期阶段区块数据可能被恶意造块者或黑客篡改的风险。
图4示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的区块链的数据处理装置的框图。
如图4所示，该区块链的数据处理装置400应用于本公开所构建的新型的区块链网络中，该区块链网络包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，所述底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，所述上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点。具体地，该区块链的数据处理装置400配置于上层区块链节点中，包括安全处理模块410。
安全处理模块410用于将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点，使得各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将所述区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。
在本公开的一个实施例中，安全处理模块410将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链节点中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点包括：安全处理模块410用于当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将所述新的区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点；或者，当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区 块链中时，将所述新的区块之前的第预设数量个区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点。
在本公开的一个实施例中，不同的上层区块链网络对应于不同的上层区块链，不同的上层区块链存储对应于不同类型交易物的交易信息。
图5示意性示出了根据本公开的另一实施例的区块链的数据处理装置的框图。
如图5所示，该区块链的数据处理装置500应用于上层区块链节点，包括：安全处理模块410、验证模块420、恢复模块430、共识模块440和选票发放模块450。
其中安全处理模块410在上文中已经说明，重复的部分不再赘述。
验证模块420用于对于本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的任一区块，获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所述区块数据验证所述区块的合法性。
具体地，作为一个可选的实施例，上述区块数据包括区块对应的哈希值。验证模块420获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所述区块数据验证所述区块的合法性包括：验证模块420用于获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的哈希值，当所获取的哈希值与所述区块当前对应的哈希值不同时，确定所述区块不合法，当所获取的哈希值与所述区块当前对应的哈希值相同时，确定所述区块合法。
在本公开的一个实施例中，恢复模块430用于当确定所述区块不合法时，利用底层区块链所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据对所述区块进行数据恢复。
在本公开的一个实施例中，共识模块440用于接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中具有第一账户余额和/或第二账户余额的上层区块链节点发出的选举数据，所述选举数据包括：发出所述选举数据的上层区块链节点所选择的本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点的信息；基于本轮次内接收到的选举数据，从各选举数据所选择的上层区块链节点中确定共识节点，使得所述共识节点在新一轮次中执行区块打包操作。
其中，任一上层区块链节点的第一账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的数字货币的数量，任一上层区块链节点的第二账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的选票的数量。
在本公开的一个实施例中，选票发放模块450用于接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点发出的交易信息；根据所述交易信息确定第一数值，所述第一数值用于表征向作为所述交易信息对应的交易物提供方的上层区块链节点的第二账户中增加的数值；将所述第一数值发送至本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的各上层区块链节点，以使各上层区块链节点将所述第一数值存入各自对应的上层区块链中。
其中，作为一个可选的实施例，选票发放模块450根据所述交易信息确定第一数值包括：选票发放模块450用于根据所述交易信息对应的交易物的总量确定所述第一数值。
图6示意性示出了根据本公开的实施例的区块链系统的框图。
如图6所示，该区块链系统600包括：底层区块链网络610和至少一个上层区块链网络620。
底层区块链网络610包括多个底层区块链节点611，上层区块链网络620包括多个上层区块链节点621。
上层区块链节点621用于将其所属的上层区块链网络620对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点611。
底层区块链节点611用于将接收到的区块数据广播至各底层区块链节点611，使得各底层区块链节点611经过共识验证将所述区块数据存入底层区块链网络610对应的底层区块链中。
需要说明的是，装置部分实施例中各模块/单元/子单元等的实施方式、解决的技术问题、实现的功能、以及达到的技术效果分别与方法部分实施例中各对应的步骤的实施方式、解决的技术问题、实现的功能、以及达到的技术效果相同或类似，在此不再赘述。
根据本公开的实施例的模块、子模块、单元、子单元中的任意多个、或其中任意多个的至少部分功能可以在一个模块中实现。根据本公开实施例的模块、子模块、单元、子单元中的任意一个或多个可以被拆分成多个模块来实现。根据本公开实施例的模块、子模块、单元、子单元中的任意一个或多个可以至少被部分地实现为硬件电路，例如现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑阵列(PLA)、片上系统、基板上的系统、封装上的系统、专用集成电路(ASIC)，或可以通过对电路进行集成或封装的任何其他的合理方式的硬件或固件来实现，或以软件、硬件以及固件三种实现方式中任意一种或以其中任意几种的适当组 合来实现。或者，根据本公开实施例的模块、子模块、单元、子单元中的一个或多个可以至少被部分地实现为计算机程序模块，当该计算机程序模块被运行时，可以执行相应的功能。
例如，安全处理模块410、验证模块420、恢复模块430、共识模块440、和选票发放模块450中的任意多个可以合并在一个模块中实现，或者其中的任意一个模块可以被拆分成多个模块。或者，这些模块中的一个或多个模块的至少部分功能可以与其他模块的至少部分功能相结合，并在一个模块中实现。根据本公开的实施例，安全处理模块410、验证模块420、恢复模块430、共识模块440、和选票发放模块450中的至少一个可以至少被部分地实现为硬件电路，例如现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑阵列(PLA)、片上系统、基板上的系统、封装上的系统、专用集成电路(ASIC)，或可以通过对电路进行集成或封装的任何其他的合理方式等硬件或固件来实现，或以软件、硬件以及固件三种实现方式中任意一种或以其中任意几种的适当组合来实现。或者，安全处理模块410、验证模块420、恢复模块430、共识模块440、和选票发放模块450中的至少一个可以至少被部分地实现为计算机程序模块，当该计算机程序模块被运行时，可以执行相应的功能。
图7示意性示出了根据本公开实施例的适于实现上文描述的方法的计算机设备的框图。图7示出的计算机设备仅仅是一个示例，不应对本公开实施例的功能和使用范围带来任何限制。
如图7所示，根据本公开实施例的计算机设备700包括处理器701，其可以根据存储在只读存储器(ROM)702中的程序或者从存储部分708加载到随机访问存储器(RAM)703中的程序而执行各种适当的动作和处理。处理器701例如可以包括通用微处理器(例如CPU)、指令集处理器和/或相关芯片组和/或专用微处理器(例如，专用集成电路(ASIC))，等等。处理器701还可以包括用于缓存用途的板载存储器。处理器701可以包括用于执行根据本公开实施例的方法流程的不同动作的单一处理单元或者是多个处理单元。
在RAM 703中，存储有设备700操作所需的各种程序和数据。处理器701、ROM 702以及RAM 703通过总线704彼此相连。处理器701通过执行ROM 702和/或RAM 703中的程序来执行根据本公开实施例的方法流程的各种操作。需要注意，所述程序也可以存储在除ROM 702和RAM 703以外的一个或多个存储器中。处理器701也可以通过执行存储在所述一个或多个存储器中的程序来执 行根据本公开实施例的方法流程的各种操作。
根据本公开的实施例，设备700还可以包括输入/输出(I/O)接口705，输入/输出(I/O)接口705也连接至总线704。设备700还可以包括连接至I/O接口705的以下部件中的一项或多项：包括键盘、鼠标等的输入部分706；包括诸如阴极射线管(CRT)、液晶显示器(LCD)等以及扬声器等的输出部分707；包括硬盘等的存储部分708；以及包括诸如LAN卡、调制解调器等的网络接口卡的通信部分709。通信部分709经由诸如因特网的网络执行通信处理。驱动器710也根据需要连接至I/O接口705。可拆卸介质711，诸如磁盘、光盘、磁光盘、半导体存储器等等，根据需要安装在驱动器710上，以便于从其上读出的计算机程序根据需要被安装入存储部分708。
根据本公开的实施例，根据本公开实施例的方法流程可以被实现为计算机软件程序。例如，本公开的实施例包括一种计算机程序产品，其包括承载在计算机可读介质上的计算机程序，该计算机程序包含用于执行流程图所示的方法的程序代码。在这样的实施例中，该计算机程序可以通过通信部分709从网络上被下载和安装，和/或从可拆卸介质711被安装。在该计算机程序被处理器701执行时，执行本公开实施例的系统中限定的上述功能。根据本公开的实施例，上文描述的系统、设备、装置、模块、单元等可以通过计算机程序模块来实现。
本公开还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质可以是上述实施例中描述的设备/装置/系统中所包含的；也可以是单独存在，而未装配入该设备/装置/系统中。上述计算机可读存储介质承载有一个或者多个程序，当上述一个或者多个程序被执行时，实现根据本公开实施例的方法。
根据本公开的实施例，计算机可读存储介质可以是非易失性的计算机可读存储介质，例如可以包括但不限于：便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机访问存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦式可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、便携式紧凑磁盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、光存储器件、磁存储器件、或者上述的任意合适的组合。在本公开中，计算机可读存储介质可以是任何包含或存储程序的有形介质，该程序可以被指令执行系统、装置或者器件使用或者与其结合使用。例如，根据本公开的实施例，计算机可读存储介质可以包括上文描述的ROM 702和/或RAM 703和/或ROM 702和RAM 703以外的一个或多个存储器。
附图中的流程图和框图，图示了按照本公开各种实施例的系统、方法和计 算机程序产品的可能实现的体系架构、功能和操作。在这点上，流程图或框图中的每个方框可以代表一个模块、程序段、或代码的一部分，上述模块、程序段、或代码的一部分包含一个或多个用于实现规定的逻辑功能的可执行指令。也应当注意，在有些作为替换的实现中，方框中所标注的功能也可以以不同于附图中所标注的顺序发生。例如，两个接连地表示的方框实际上可以基本并行地执行，它们有时也可以按相反的顺序执行，这依所涉及的功能而定。也要注意的是，框图或流程图中的每个方框、以及框图或流程图中的方框的组合，可以用执行规定的功能或操作的专用的基于硬件的系统来实现，或者可以用专用硬件与计算机指令的组合来实现。本领域技术人员可以理解，本公开的各个实施例和/或权利要求中记载的特征可以进行多种组合和/或结合，即使这样的组合或结合没有明确记载于本公开中。特别地，在不脱离本公开精神和教导的情况下，本公开的各个实施例和/或权利要求中记载的特征可以进行多种组合和/或结合。所有这些组合和/或结合均落入本公开的范围。
以上对本公开的实施例进行了描述。但是，这些实施例仅仅是为了说明的目的，而并非为了限制本公开的范围。尽管在以上分别描述了各实施例，但是这并不意味着各个实施例中的措施不能有利地结合使用。本公开的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。不脱离本公开的范围，本领域技术人员可以做出多种替代和修改，这些替代和修改都应落在本公开的范围之内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种区块链的数据处理方法，区块链网络包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，所述底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，所述上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点，所述方法应用于上层区块链节点，包括：
    将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点，使得各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将所述区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链节点中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点包括：
    当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将所述新的区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点；或者
    当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将所述新的区块之前的第预设数量个区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    对于本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的任一区块，获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所述区块数据验证所述区块的合法性。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中：
    所述区块数据包括区块对应的哈希值；
    所述获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所述区块数据验证所述区块的合法性包括：获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的哈希值，当所获取的哈希值与所述区块当前对应的哈希值不同时，确定所述区块不合法，当所获取的哈希值与所述区块当前对应的哈希值相同时，确定所述区块合法。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，还包括：
    当确定所述区块不合法时，利用底层区块链所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据对所述区块进行数据恢复。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中具有第一账户余额和/或第二账户余额的上层区块链节点发出的选举数据，所述选举数据包括：发出所述选举数据的上层区块链节点所选择的本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点的信息；
    基于本轮次内接收到的选举数据，从各选举数据所选择的上层区块链节点中确定共识节点，使得所述共识节点在新一轮次中执行区块打包操作；
    其中，任一上层区块链节点的第一账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的数字货币的数量，任一上层区块链节点的第二账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的选票的数量。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
    接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点发出的交易信息；
    根据所述交易信息确定第一数值，所述第一数值用于表征向作为所述交易信息对应的交易物提供方的上层区块链节点的第二账户中增加的数值；
    将所述第一数值发送至本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的各上层区块链节点，以使各上层区块链节点将所述第一数值存入各自对应的上层区块链中。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述交易信息确定第一数值包括：
    根据所述交易信息对应的交易物的总量确定所述第一数值。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，不同的上层区块链网络对应于不同的上层区块链，不同的上层区块链存储对应于不同类型交易物的交易信息。
  10. 一种区块链的数据处理装置，区块链网络包括底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络，所述底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，所述上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点，所述装置应用于上层区块链节点，包括：
    安全处理模块，用于将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点，使得各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将所述区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，所述安全处理模块将本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链节点中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点包括：
    所述安全处理模块，用于当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将所述新的区块对应的数据发送至底层区 块链节点；或者，当本节点作为共识节点创建新的区块并将所述新的区块加入至所述上层区块链中时，将所述新的区块之前的第预设数量个区块对应的数据发送至底层区块链节点。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，还包括：
    验证模块，用于对于本节点所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的任一区块，获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所述区块数据验证所述区块的合法性。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其中：
    所述区块数据包括区块对应的哈希值；
    所述验证模块获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据，基于所述区块数据验证所述区块的合法性包括：所述验证模块，用于获取底层区块链中所存储的与所述区块对应的哈希值，当所获取的哈希值与所述区块当前对应的哈希值不同时，确定所述区块不合法，当所获取的哈希值与所述区块当前对应的哈希值相同时，确定所述区块合法。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的装置，还包括：
    恢复模块，用于当确定所述区块不合法时，利用底层区块链所存储的与所述区块对应的区块数据对所述区块进行数据恢复。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，还包括：
    共识模块，用于接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中具有第一账户余额和/或第二账户余额的上层区块链节点发出的选举数据，所述选举数据包括：发出所述选举数据的上层区块链节点所选择的本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点的信息；基于本轮次内接收到的选举数据，从各选举数据所选择的上层区块链节点中确定共识节点，使得所述共识节点在新一轮次中执行区块打包操作；
    其中，任一上层区块链节点的第一账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的数字货币的数量，任一上层区块链节点的第二账户中的数值用于表征该上层区块链节点所具有的选票的数量。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，还包括：
    选票发放模块，用于接收本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的上层区块链节点发出的交易信息；根据所述交易信息确定第一数值，所述第一数值用于表征向作为所述交易信息对应的交易物提供方的上层区块链节点的第二账户中增加 的数值；将所述第一数值发送至本节点所属的上层区块链网络中的各上层区块链节点，以使各上层区块链节点将所述第一数值存入各自对应的上层区块链中。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其中，所述选票发放模块根据所述交易信息确定第一数值包括：
    所述选票发放模块，用于根据所述交易信息对应的交易物的总量确定所述第一数值。
  18. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，不同的上层区块链网络对应于不同的上层区块链，不同的上层区块链存储对应于不同类型交易物的交易信息。
  19. 一种区块链系统，包括：底层区块链网络和至少一个上层区块链网络；
    所述底层区块链网络包括多个底层区块链节点，所述上层区块链网络包括多个上层区块链节点；
    所述上层区块链节点，用于将其所属的上层区块链网络对应的上层区块链中的区块数据发送至底层区块链节点；
    所述底层区块链节点，用于将接收到的区块数据广播至各底层区块链节点，使得各底层区块链节点经过共识验证将所述区块数据存入底层区块链网络对应的底层区块链中。
  20. 一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述程序时，实现如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的区块链的数据处理方法。
  21. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有可执行指令，该指令被处理器执行时使处理器执行如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的区块链的数据处理方法。
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