WO2020130770A1 - High-value probiotic composition that does not require a cold chain and which is developed to reduce environmental impact, increase production and improve shrimp larvae survival - Google Patents
High-value probiotic composition that does not require a cold chain and which is developed to reduce environmental impact, increase production and improve shrimp larvae survival Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020130770A1 WO2020130770A1 PCT/MX2018/050034 MX2018050034W WO2020130770A1 WO 2020130770 A1 WO2020130770 A1 WO 2020130770A1 MX 2018050034 W MX2018050034 W MX 2018050034W WO 2020130770 A1 WO2020130770 A1 WO 2020130770A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a powdered food supplement that does not require a cold chain and that is applied directly to the water where the commercial rearing of shrimp larvae is carried out and more particularly, the present invention refers to a novel probiotic composition to reduce the environmental impact generated by the use of chemical products, as well as to help increase the production and survival of shrimp larvae, which contains a mixture of Bac ⁇ llus spp.
- probiotics which aims to restore the natural functions of the digestive touch of shrimp, in order to establish a flora intestinal rich in shrimp that improves nutrient absorption.
- Current studies show that the bacterial microbiome in crustaceans is hundreds of times greater than that of our body, so it is inferred that both beneficial and undesirable effects may be due to a balance or imbalance of microorganisms, in such a way that the Maintaining a balance of beneficial microorganisms can generate benefits for both health and the environment.
- compositions have been developed that have tried to supplement the deficiencies of the conventional diets used in aquaculture to feed aquatic organisms, so that they are better adapted to the requirements of shrimp. Examples of this type of probiotics and compositions are described in the Article Kongnum, K., & Hongpattarakere, T. (2012); Effect of
- Fish & shellfish immunology, 32 (1), 170-177 in which discloses an extensive study of the effects of supplementing the shrimp diet with probiotics, specifically focusing on evaluating the effects of supplementing the shrimp diet with lactic acid bacteria.
- This study concludes that including Lactobac ⁇ llus plantarum in the diet of shrimp larvae increases their survival.
- this Article does not take into account the type of diet that is administered to shrimp, nor does it mention that other types of components are necessary to promote the growth of larvae, so it is not possible to conclude if with only the The addition of L. plantarum is sufficient to increase the growth of the larvae and improve their coloration.
- Patent application W02004043139 discloses a product to supplement the diet of aquatic spices such as rotifers, shrimp and filter organisms.
- the food composition comprises microalgae, yeasts and optionally bacteria of the genera Lactobac ⁇ llus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.
- the supplementation of the diet with the described composition significantly increases the survival of the organisms and increases the production.
- the improvement in the metabolism of the shrimp larvae is only obtained by the addition of yeasts, showing no examples that support the use of lactic acid bacteria.
- the use of trace elements and protein supplements is not described, so the described formulation cannot be adequate to supplement the feeding of the larvae.
- Patent application US20150132436A1 describes a composition for shrimp feeding and a method for preparing the same.
- the composition increases the survival and growth rates of cultured shrimp and with it, contamination of seawater can be avoided.
- the described composition has among its components several lactic acid bacteria that, when ingested by the larvae, improve the survival rate of the organisms and prevent the appearance of diseases.
- the described composition undergoes a fermentation process, so the microorganisms used in most cases have their cell membranes broken, which prevents them from working as probiotic agents in the intestine of the shrimp.
- the present invention aims to formulate a mixture that works as a food supplement that does not require a cold chain, that is applied directly to the water where commercial breeding is carried out. of shrimp larvae, without the need to resuspend and ferment and more particularly, the present invention refers to a novel probiotic composition to reduce the environmental impact generated by the use of chemical products, as well as to help increase production and survival of shrimp larvae.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a probiotic formulation and mixture for shrimp larvae to generate greater survival of shrimp larvae in aquaculture farms; decrease and / or avoid the incidence of undesirable infections; support the movement of pathogenic bacteria and fungi into the digestive tract, colonizing it with beneficial bacteria; and decrease and / or avoid the application of chemical products such as antibiotics and fungicides in the water where the shrimp larvae develop.
- a further objective of the present invention is to provide a probiotic formulation and mixture for shrimp larvae, which provides an important contribution of proteins, vitamins and minerals that improve the health of animals and at the same time favors their good development.
- Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a probiotic formulation and mixture for shrimp larvae, which facilitates the digestion of nutrients and avoids the use of antibiotics and antifungals in the water.
- Yet another objective of the present invention is to offer a probiotic formulation or mixture that does not require a cold chain and maintains its viability without deteriorating during long shelf periods.
- Antibiotics substance that has the ability to eliminate or interrupt the growth and proliferation of various microorganisms, whether beneficial or pathogenic, whose misuse or abuse can generate resistance in bacteria.
- Antifungals substance that has the ability to prevent the growth of some types of fungi or even cause their death.
- BAL Acid-Lactic Acid Bacteria
- Cold Chain temperature supply chain controlled. An intact cold chain ensures the consumer that the consumer product he receives has been kept within a temperature range during production, transportation, storage and sale.
- Microbiome total number of microorganisms and their genetic material.
- Microbiota microbial population present in the different ecosystems of other organisms.
- Pathogen any external biological agent that is housed in a certain biological entity, damaging in some way its anatomy, from visible or not visible diseases or damages.
- - Probiotic bacteria that provide benefits for the body. When they reach the intestine, they are still alive and active, causing positive effects on the organisms to which they are administered.
- microorganisms that are capable of replicating or transferring genetic material.
- the present invention provides a novel formulation and probiotic mixture for shrimp larvae, which does not require a cold chain and is easy to handle, which increases the survival of the larvae by up to 20%, improving the quality of the water in ponds where It is applied, thus reducing the need to use chemicals to control pests or pathogenic organisms.
- the probiotic formulation and mixture of the present invention is designed for shrimp in the larval stage and comprises a mixture of different lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in a nutrient medium rich in amino acids, omega fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, which helps the movement of pathogenic bacteria at intestinal level, also supporting increased larval survival, as well as decreased use of antibiotics and fungicides.
- the probiotic composition of the present invention is made up of the elements listed in Table 1. Table 1. Probiotic composition for feeding shrimp larvae.
- the Lactobacillus spp culture comprises a mixture of, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus casei var rhamonosus, Lactobacillus acidophillus and Lactobacillus plantarum;
- the Bacillus spp culture comprises Bacillus coagulans and;
- the culture of Bifidobacterium spp comprises Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium bifidum.
- the mixture of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and fructoligosaccharides comprises glucose, starch, lactose, dextrins, maltodextrins and inulin
- composition described above is added freely in the bodies of water where the shrimp larvae are raised and once ingested by them, it decreases and / or prevents the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of animals, so that the Larvae substantially improve their metabolism and grow better, presenting a better coloration and a larger size with respect to larvae reared under conventional conditions.
- the use of chemical antibiotics and fungicides was avoided, without infections occurring among the larvae, while in the breeding pond without supplementation it was necessary to add antibiotics / antifungals due to the appearance of an outbreak of infection.
- the size of the Animals in the supplemented group were much higher than the animals in the control culture, also presenting better coloration and mobility.
- the results of the test described above demonstrate that the addition of the composition of the present invention in the shrimp farming ponds substantially improves the survival of the larvae and also allows obtaining shrimp with a better size and a more uniform coloration.
- contamination of water bodies is avoided, avoiding damage to the environment.
Abstract
The invention relates to a probiotic composition that does not require a cold chain and is used as a food supplement in tanks for shrimp larvae production. It contains a mixture of cultures of Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, protein isolates, vitamins, calcium and minerals, thereby increasing the survival of the larvae.
Description
COMPOSICION PROBIÓTICA DE ALTO VALOR SIN NECESIDAD DE CADENA DE FRIO, DESARROLLADA PARA REDUCIR EL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL, AUMENTAR LA PRODUCCIÓN Y MEJORAR LA HIGH VALUE PROBIOTIC COMPOSITION WITHOUT THE NEED FOR A COLD CHAIN, DEVELOPED TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, INCREASE PRODUCTION AND IMPROVE THE
SUPERVIVENCIA DE LARVAS DE CAMARON SURVIVAL OF SHRIMP LARVES
Campo de la Invención Field of the Invention
La presente invención se refiere a un suplemento alimenticio en polvo que no requiere cadena de frío y que se aplica directamente al agua donde se lleva a cabo la cria comercial de larvas de camarón y más particularmente, la presente invención se refiere a una novedosa composición probiótica para reducir el impacto ambiental que se genera por el uso de productos químicos, así como para ayudar al aumento en la producción y supervivencia de larvas de camarón, que contiene una mezcla de cultivos de Bacíllus spp; Lactobacillus spp y Bifidobacterium spp; vitaminas; levaduras; aminoácidos; fibras solubles; y microalgas de alto contenido de ácidos grasos omega 3 y 6, que mejora sustancialmente la supervivencia de los animales, lo que conlleva al aumento de la producción de larvas de camarón, disminuyendo significativamente la incidencia de infecciones por bacterias u hongos patógenos, por lo que se evita el uso de antibióticos y antimicóticos reduciendo la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua por la adición de dichos compuestos, la resistencia, al igual que la bioacumulación de éstos.
Antecedentes de la Invención The present invention refers to a powdered food supplement that does not require a cold chain and that is applied directly to the water where the commercial rearing of shrimp larvae is carried out and more particularly, the present invention refers to a novel probiotic composition to reduce the environmental impact generated by the use of chemical products, as well as to help increase the production and survival of shrimp larvae, which contains a mixture of Bacíllus spp. cultures; Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp; vitamins; yeasts; amino acids; soluble fibers; and microalgae with a high content of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, which substantially improves the survival of animals, which leads to increased production of shrimp larvae, significantly decreasing the incidence of infections by pathogenic bacteria or fungi, which is why The use of antibiotics and antifungals is avoided, reducing the contamination of water bodies by the addition of said compounds, resistance, as well as their bioaccumulation. Background of the Invention
La demanda creciente en el consumo de crustáceos decápodos, en particular de camarones, ha incrementado la presión sobre las poblaciones naturales de estos animales, causando una disminución en sus números. Por lo anterior, se ha tratado de llevar a cabo crias masivas de camarones en cautiverio, en marismas y estanques cerrados para poder hacer frente a la demanda masiva de estos crustáceos. Sin embargo, debido a las condiciones de hacinamiento a los que se ven sometidos estos animales durante su desarrollo, se presentan constantemente infecciones de tipo bacteriano y fúngico que matan a la mayoría de las larvas en desarrollo. Estas infecciones también limitan el crecimiento de los organismos sobrevivientes y causan que los adultos presenten coloraciones poco uniformes, lo que repercute en un producto de poco valor comercial. The increasing demand in the consumption of decapod crustaceans, particularly shrimp, has increased pressure on the natural populations of these animals, causing a decrease in their numbers. Therefore, it has been attempted to carry out massive breeding of shrimp in captivity, in marshes and closed ponds in order to cope with the massive demand for these crustaceans. However, due to the overcrowded conditions to which these animals are subjected during their development, bacterial and fungal infections are constantly present that kill most of the developing larvae. These infections also limit the growth of the surviving organisms and cause adults to present uneven colorations, which results in a product of little commercial value.
Aunado a lo anterior, la cría en cautiverio de camarón se enfrenta a otros inconvenientes ya que los animales tienden a presentar problemas metabólicos que limitan la absorción de nutrientes debido a que los crustáceos al estar fuera de sus zonas naturales de cría ven limitado su acceso a los agentes bacterianos benéficos que generen una microbiota óptima para el correcto funcionamiento de su organismo. Asimismo, este confinamiento limita seriamente la cantidad y tipo de alimentos disponibles para los camarones, por lo que se debe de suplementar su alimentación con piensos preparados. Si bien, la adición de alimentos preparados a los estanques parece aumentar la supervivencia de las larvas, la mayoría de estos preparados
no evitan los trastornos metabólicos de estos organismos, por lo que, en la mayoría de los casos, las larvas solamente evolucionan por un periodo de tiempo corto antes de morir por una degeneración paulatina de su tracto digestivo . In addition to the above, the captive breeding of shrimp faces other drawbacks since the animals tend to present metabolic problems that limit the absorption of nutrients due to the fact that the crustaceans, being outside their natural breeding areas, have limited access to beneficial bacterial agents that generate an optimal microbiota for the proper functioning of your body. Likewise, this confinement seriously limits the quantity and type of food available to shrimp, so it is necessary to supplement their diet with prepared feed. While adding prepared feeds to ponds appears to increase larval survival, most of these feeds They do not prevent the metabolic disorders of these organisms, so, in most cases, the larvae only evolve for a short period of time before dying from a gradual degeneration of their digestive tract.
Con el fin de resolver los problemas causados por la cría en cautiverio de los camarones, se han desarrollado diversos procedimientos para el uso de probióticos, que tiene como objetivo restaurar las funcionas naturales del tacto digestivo de los camarones, con el fin el instaurar una flora intestinal rica en los camarones que mejore la absorción de nutrientes. Estudios actuales demuestran que el microbioma bacteriano en los crustáceos es cientos de veces mayor al de nuestro organismo, por lo cual se infiere que los efectos tanto benéficos como no deseables, se pueden deber a un equilibrio o desequilibrio de microorganismos, de tal manera que el mantener un balance de microorganismos benéficos, puede generar beneficios tanto para la salud como para el medio ambiente. Asimismo, se han desarrollado composiciones que han tratado de suplementar las deficiencias de las dietas convencionales usadas en acuacultura para la alimentación de organismos acuáticos, de manera que éstas se adapten mejor a los requerimientos de los camarones. Ejemplos de este tipo de probióticos y composiciones están descritas en el Artículo Kongnum, K., & Hongpattarakere , T. (2012); Effect ofIn order to solve the problems caused by the captive breeding of shrimp, various procedures have been developed for the use of probiotics, which aims to restore the natural functions of the digestive touch of shrimp, in order to establish a flora intestinal rich in shrimp that improves nutrient absorption. Current studies show that the bacterial microbiome in crustaceans is hundreds of times greater than that of our body, so it is inferred that both beneficial and undesirable effects may be due to a balance or imbalance of microorganisms, in such a way that the Maintaining a balance of beneficial microorganisms can generate benefits for both health and the environment. Likewise, compositions have been developed that have tried to supplement the deficiencies of the conventional diets used in aquaculture to feed aquatic organisms, so that they are better adapted to the requirements of shrimp. Examples of this type of probiotics and compositions are described in the Article Kongnum, K., & Hongpattarakere, T. (2012); Effect of
Lactobacíllus plantarum isolated from digestive tract of wild shrimp on growth and survival of white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannameí ) challenged with Vibrio harveyi . Fish & shellfish immunology, 32(1), 170-177, en el que se
divulga un estudio extenso de los efectos de suplementar la dieta de los camarones con probióticos, en especifico se centra en evaluar los efectos de suplementar la dieta de los camarones con bacterias ácido-lácticas. Dicho estudio concluye que al incluir Lactobacíllus plantarum en la dieta de las larvas de camarón se aumenta su supervivencia. Sin embargo, en dicho Articulo no se toma en cuenta el tipo de dieta que se administra a los camarones ni se cita que otro tipo de componentes son necesarios para favorecer el crecimiento de las larvas, por lo que no es posible concluir si con solo la adición de L. plantarum es suficiente para aumentar el crecimiento de las larvas y mejorar su coloración. Lactobacíllus plantarum isolated from digestive tract of wild shrimp on growth and survival of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannameí) challenged with Vibrio harveyi. Fish & shellfish immunology, 32 (1), 170-177, in which discloses an extensive study of the effects of supplementing the shrimp diet with probiotics, specifically focusing on evaluating the effects of supplementing the shrimp diet with lactic acid bacteria. This study concludes that including Lactobacíllus plantarum in the diet of shrimp larvae increases their survival. However, this Article does not take into account the type of diet that is administered to shrimp, nor does it mention that other types of components are necessary to promote the growth of larvae, so it is not possible to conclude if with only the The addition of L. plantarum is sufficient to increase the growth of the larvae and improve their coloration.
La solicitud de patente W02004043139 revela un producto para suplementar la dieta de especias acuáticas tales como rotíferos, camarones y organismos filtradores. La composición alimenticia comprende microalgas, levaduras y opcionalmente bacterias de los géneros Lactobacíllus spp. y Pseudomonas spp. En esta solicitud se describe que la suplementación de la dieta con la composición descrita aumenta de manera significativa la supervivencia de los organismos y aumenta la producción. Sin embargo, es esta solicitud se concluye que la mejora en el metabolismo de las larvas de camarón solo se obtiene por la adición de levaduras, no mostrando ejemplos que sustenten el uso de bacterias ácido lácticas. Aunado a lo anterior, no se describe el uso de oligoelementos ni de suplementos de proteína, por lo que la formulación descrita no puede ser adecuada para suplementar la alimentación de las larvas.
La solicitud de patente US20150132436A1 describe una composición para alimentación de camarones y un método para preparar la misma. La composición aumenta las tasas de supervivencia y crecimiento del camarón cultivado y con ella se puede evitar la contaminación del agua del mar. La composición descrita tiene entre sus componentes varias bacterias ácido lácticas que al ser ingeridas por las larvas mejoran el porcentaje de supervivencia de los organismos y evitan la aparición de enfermedades. Sin embargo, la composición descrita sufre un proceso de fermentación, por lo que los microrganismos usados en la mayoría de los casos tienen sus membranas celulares rotas, lo que evita que funcionen como agentes probióticos en el intestino de los camarones. Patent application W02004043139 discloses a product to supplement the diet of aquatic spices such as rotifers, shrimp and filter organisms. The food composition comprises microalgae, yeasts and optionally bacteria of the genera Lactobacíllus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. In this application it is described that the supplementation of the diet with the described composition significantly increases the survival of the organisms and increases the production. However, in this application it is concluded that the improvement in the metabolism of the shrimp larvae is only obtained by the addition of yeasts, showing no examples that support the use of lactic acid bacteria. In addition to the above, the use of trace elements and protein supplements is not described, so the described formulation cannot be adequate to supplement the feeding of the larvae. Patent application US20150132436A1 describes a composition for shrimp feeding and a method for preparing the same. The composition increases the survival and growth rates of cultured shrimp and with it, contamination of seawater can be avoided. The described composition has among its components several lactic acid bacteria that, when ingested by the larvae, improve the survival rate of the organisms and prevent the appearance of diseases. However, the described composition undergoes a fermentation process, so the microorganisms used in most cases have their cell membranes broken, which prevents them from working as probiotic agents in the intestine of the shrimp.
El Articulo Ngo, Hai & Fotedar, Ravi . (2010); "A Review of Probiotics in Shrimp Aquaculture"; Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 22, 251-266, describe un estudio del efecto de la adición de probióticos a los cultivos comerciales de camarón y llega a la conclusión de que la adición de bacterias de los géneros Bacillus spp. , Vibrio spp. y Pseudomonas spp. mejora la supervivencia de los animales y reduce la polución causada por microrganismos patógenos en el agua. En dicho Articulo, no se menciona el uso de otros componentes que pudieran beneficiar el metabolismo del camarón, ni la adición de concentrados protéicos para suplementar la dieta de los animales. The Article Ngo, Hai & Fotedar, Ravi. (2010); "A Review of Probiotics in Shrimp Aquaculture"; Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 22, 251-266, describes a study of the effect of adding probiotics to commercial shrimp cultures and concludes that the addition of bacteria from the genera Bacillus spp. , Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. improves animal survival and reduces pollution caused by pathogenic microorganisms in the water. In said Article, the use of other components that could benefit shrimp metabolism is not mentioned, nor is the addition of protein concentrates to supplement the animals' diet.
Ninguno de los probióticos o composiciones descritas en los documentos antes citados, es adecuada para suplementar por completo las necesidades nutricionales de las larvas de
camarón, ya que no aportan todos los nutrientes necesarios para el correcto desarrollo de las larvas hasta su estado adulto. Además, ninguna de las composiciones descritas permite suministrar a las larvas vitaminas, minerales ni otros compuestos necesarios para favorecer el crecimiento de las larvas a fin de obtener camarones de mayor tamaño y con una coloración más uniforme. En cuanto a los casos en que es necesario mantener en refrigeración las fórmulas, éstas generan costos extras por más del 50% del valor del producto, asi como un riesgo latente de que se deteriore la formula o mezcla original, disminuyendo la viabilidad o conteo bacteriano, el deterioro de los nutrientes y en algunos casos el deterioro del producto, por un mal manejo de la cadena de frió en la producción, en el transporte y el mantenimiento. Más aún, en la práctica diaria de aplicación de formulaciones probióticas, sean liquidas o en polvo y que requieran cadena de frió, en algunos casos se recomienda resuspender estas mezclas o fórmulas en caldos de cultivo durante 12 o 24 horas antes de aplicar, generando un desequilibrio en la formulación original por motivos de competencia de los microorganismos, disminución de los nutrientes y generación de péptidos antimicrobianos, ocasionando un cambio radical, agregando operaciones extras en el manejo, asi como pérdida en la función principal de estas fórmulas. None of the probiotics or compositions described in the aforementioned documents is adequate to completely supplement the nutritional needs of the larvae of shrimp, since they do not provide all the necessary nutrients for the correct development of the larvae until their adult state. In addition, none of the compositions described allows vitamins, minerals or other compounds necessary to promote larval growth to be supplied to larvae in order to obtain larger shrimp with a more uniform coloration. Regarding the cases in which it is necessary to keep the formulas in the refrigerator, they generate extra costs for more than 50% of the value of the product, as well as a latent risk that the original formula or mixture deteriorates, reducing the viability or bacterial count , the deterioration of the nutrients and in some cases the deterioration of the product, due to poor management of the cold chain in production, transport and maintenance. Furthermore, in the daily practice of applying probiotic formulations, whether liquid or powder and that require a cold chain, in some cases it is recommended to resuspend these mixtures or formulas in culture broths for 12 or 24 hours before applying, generating a imbalance in the original formulation due to competition from microorganisms, decrease in nutrients and generation of antimicrobial peptides, causing a radical change, adding extra operations in handling, as well as loss of the main function of these formulas.
En vista de lo anterior, existe la necesidad de proporcionar una composición probiótica para las larvas de camarón, que permita instaurar una microbiota intestinal de alto impacto, que colonice y genere un beneficio biológico hasta su etapa adulta, que favorezca la asimilación de
nutrientes, evite infecciones no deseables y que al mismo tiempo desplace bacterias y hogos patógenos en el tracto digestivo de los animales. Por otra parte, existe la necesidad de proporcionar una fórmula o mezcla que aporte proteínas, vitaminas y minerales a la dieta de los camarones de manera que éstos se mantengan más activos y en mejores condiciones, para favorecer su crecimiento. Asimismo, se requiere que en el ambiente acuoso donde se desarrollan las larvas, la aplicación de productos químicos (antibióticos y fungicidas) sea mínima o nula, evitando que las descargas de agua generen una pérdida, resistencia u otro efecto negativo en la flora y fauna natural del medio ambiente donde se llevan a cabo estas prácticas de producción . In view of the above, there is a need to provide a probiotic composition for shrimp larvae, which allows a high-impact intestinal microbiota to be established, which colonizes and generates a biological benefit until its adult stage, which favors the assimilation of nutrients, avoid undesirable infections and at the same time displace pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the digestive tract of animals. On the other hand, there is a need to provide a formula or mixture that provides protein, vitamins and minerals to the shrimp's diet so that they remain more active and in better conditions, to favor their growth. Likewise, it is required that in the aqueous environment where the larvae develop, the application of chemical products (antibiotics and fungicides) is minimal or nil, preventing water discharges from generating a loss, resistance or other negative effect on flora and fauna. natural environment where these production practices are carried out.
Sumario de la Invención Summary of the Invention
Con el fin de superar las limitantes de los compuestos y composiciones probióticas disponibles, la presente invención tiene por objetivo formular una mezcla que funcione como suplemento alimenticio que no requiera cadena de frió, que se aplique directamente al agua donde se lleva a cabo la cria comercial de larvas de camarón, sin necesidad de resuspender y fermentar y más particularmente, la presente invención se refiere a una novedosa composición probiótica para reducir el impacto ambiental que se genera por el uso de productos químicos, asi como ayudar al aumento en la producción y supervivencia de larvas de camarón.
Otro objetivo de la presente invención, es proporcionar una formulación y mezcla probiótica para larvas de camarón para generar una mayor supervivencia de larvas de camarón en granjas acuícolas; disminuir y/o evitar la incidencia de infecciones no deseables; apoyar en el desplazamiento de bacterias y hongos patógenos al interior del tracto digestivo, colonizándolo con bacterias benéficas; y disminuir y/o evitar la aplicación de productos químicos como antibióticos y fungicidas en el agua donde se desarrollan las larvas de camarón. In order to overcome the limitations of the available probiotic compounds and compositions, the present invention aims to formulate a mixture that works as a food supplement that does not require a cold chain, that is applied directly to the water where commercial breeding is carried out. of shrimp larvae, without the need to resuspend and ferment and more particularly, the present invention refers to a novel probiotic composition to reduce the environmental impact generated by the use of chemical products, as well as to help increase production and survival of shrimp larvae. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a probiotic formulation and mixture for shrimp larvae to generate greater survival of shrimp larvae in aquaculture farms; decrease and / or avoid the incidence of undesirable infections; support the movement of pathogenic bacteria and fungi into the digestive tract, colonizing it with beneficial bacteria; and decrease and / or avoid the application of chemical products such as antibiotics and fungicides in the water where the shrimp larvae develop.
Un objetivo adicional de la presente invención es proporcionar una formulación y mezcla probiótica para larvas de camarón, que dé un aporte importante de proteínas, vitaminas y minerales que mejoren la salud de los animales y que al mismo tiempo favorezca su buen desarrollo . A further objective of the present invention is to provide a probiotic formulation and mixture for shrimp larvae, which provides an important contribution of proteins, vitamins and minerals that improve the health of animals and at the same time favors their good development.
Otro objetivo más de la presente invención es proporcionar una formulación y mezcla probiótica para larvas de camarón, que facilite la digestión de los nutrientes y que evite el uso de antibióticos y antimicóticos en el agua. Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a probiotic formulation and mixture for shrimp larvae, which facilitates the digestion of nutrients and avoids the use of antibiotics and antifungals in the water.
Otro objetivo más de la presente invención es ofrecer una formulación o mezcla probiótica que no requiera cadena de frío y mantenga su viabilidad sin deteriorarse durante largos periodos de anaquel. Yet another objective of the present invention is to offer a probiotic formulation or mixture that does not require a cold chain and maintains its viability without deteriorating during long shelf periods.
Los objetivos antes citados, así como otros y las ventajas de la presente invención, vendrán a ser aparentes
de la siguiente descripción detallada de la misma. The aforementioned objectives, as well as others and the advantages of the present invention, will become apparent. of the following detailed description of it.
Descripción Detallada de la Invención En el contexto de la presente invención, los siguientes términos se deben de interpretar de la siguiente manera: Detailed Description of the Invention In the context of the present invention, the following terms are to be interpreted as follows:
- Producto de Alto Valor: producto generado a partir de algún subproducto de muy bajo valor y/o generador de impacto ambiental y/o económico de alguna industria. - High Value Product: product generated from a very low value by-product and / or generator of environmental and / or economic impact of some industry.
- Antibióticos: sustancia que tiene la capacidad de eliminar o de interrumpir el crecimiento y la proliferación de diversos microorganismos sean benéficos o patógenos, cuyo mal uso o abuso puede generar resistencia en bacterias. - Antibiotics: substance that has the ability to eliminate or interrupt the growth and proliferation of various microorganisms, whether beneficial or pathogenic, whose misuse or abuse can generate resistance in bacteria.
- Antimicóticos (Fungicidas) : sustancia que tiene la capacidad de evitar el crecimiento de algunos tipos de hongos o incluso de provocar su muerte. - Antifungals (Fungicides): substance that has the ability to prevent the growth of some types of fungi or even cause their death.
- Bacterias Ácido-Lácticas (BAL) : son microorganismos que generan ambientes poco favorables para el desarrollo de microorganismos patógenos debido a su marcada capacidad antagonista, la cual favorece su proliferación, en detrimento de cualquier otro grupo microbiano o que contamine el producto posteriormente. Además de este importante papel en procesos de bioconservación . - Acid-Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL): they are microorganisms that generate unfavorable environments for the development of pathogenic microorganisms due to their marked antagonistic capacity, which favors their proliferation, to the detriment of any other microbial group or that subsequently contaminates the product. In addition to this important role in bioconservation processes.
- Bioacumulación : proceso de acumulación de sustancias químicas en organismos vivos de forma que estos alcanzan concentraciones más elevadas que las concentraciones en su medio o en los alimentos. - Bioaccumulation: process of accumulation of chemical substances in living organisms so that they reach higher concentrations than concentrations in their environment or in food.
Cadena de Frió: cadena de suministro de temperatura
controlada. Una cadena de frío que se mantiene intacta garantiza al consumidor que el producto de consumo que recibe se ha mantenido dentro de un intervalo de temperaturas durante la producción, el transporte, el almacenamiento y la venta. Cold Chain: temperature supply chain controlled. An intact cold chain ensures the consumer that the consumer product he receives has been kept within a temperature range during production, transportation, storage and sale.
- Formulación y/o Mezcla: suplemento alimenticio que resulta de la combinación de dos o más ingredientes, mezclados y procesados según determinadas especificaciones. - Formulation and / or Mix: food supplement that results from the combination of two or more ingredients, mixed and processed according to certain specifications.
- Impacto Ambiental: efecto causado por una actividad humana sobre el medio ambiente. - Environmental Impact: effect caused by human activity on the environment.
- Larva de Camarón: estadios de iniciales de desarrollo de los camarones que comprenden desde nauplio, zoea, mysis y postlarva. - Larva de Camarón: initial stages of development of shrimp ranging from nauplius, zoea, mysis and postlarva.
- Microbioma: número total de microorganismos y su material genético. - Microbiome: total number of microorganisms and their genetic material.
- Microbiota: población microbiana presente en los diferentes ecosistemas de otros organismos. - Microbiota: microbial population present in the different ecosystems of other organisms.
- Patógeno: todo agente biológico externo que se aloja en un ente biológico determinado, dañando de alguna manera su anatomía, a partir de enfermedades o daños visibles o no . - Pathogen: any external biological agent that is housed in a certain biological entity, damaging in some way its anatomy, from visible or not visible diseases or damages.
- Probiótico: bacterias que aportan beneficios para el organismo. Cuando llegan al intestino, siguen vivas y en actividad, causan efectos positivos en los organismos a los que se les administra. - Probiotic: bacteria that provide benefits for the body. When they reach the intestine, they are still alive and active, causing positive effects on the organisms to which they are administered.
- Producción Sustentable: uso de bienes y servicios que responden a las necesidades básicas y mejoran la calidad de vida, minimizando el uso de recursos naturales, materiales tóxicos, asi como la generación de residuos y contaminantes durante todo el ciclo de vida, sin menoscabar
las posibilidades de las futuras generaciones de satisfacer sus propias necesidades. - Sustainable Production: use of goods and services that respond to basic needs and improve the quality of life, minimizing the use of natural resources, toxic materials, as well as the generation of waste and pollutants throughout the life cycle, without impairing the possibilities of future generations to satisfy their own needs.
- UFC/g: unidades Formadoras de colonia por gramo de producto . - CFU / g: colony forming units per gram of product.
- Viabilidad: microorganismos que es capaces de replicarse o de transferir material genético. - Viability: microorganisms that are capable of replicating or transferring genetic material.
La presente invención proporciona una novedosa formulación y mezcla probiótica para larvas de camarón, que no requiere cadena de frió y es de fácil manejo, que aumenta la supervivencia de las larvas hasta en un 20%, mejorando la calidad del agua de los estanques en donde es aplicada, por lo que disminuye la necesidad de usar químicos para el control de plagas u organismos patógenos. La formulación y mezcla probiótica de la presente invención, esta diseñada para camarones en estado larvario y comprende una mezcla de diferentes bacterias ácido- lácticas y levaduras en un medio nutritivo rico en aminoácidos, ácidos grasos omega, vitaminas y minerales, que ayuda al desplazamiento de bacterias patógenas a nivel intestinal, apoyando también al aumento de la supervivencia de la larva, asi como la disminución del uso de antibióticos y fungicidas. La composición probiótica de la presente invención está conformada por los elementos listados en la Tabla 1.
Tabla 1. Composición probiótica para la alimentación de larvas de camarón The present invention provides a novel formulation and probiotic mixture for shrimp larvae, which does not require a cold chain and is easy to handle, which increases the survival of the larvae by up to 20%, improving the quality of the water in ponds where It is applied, thus reducing the need to use chemicals to control pests or pathogenic organisms. The probiotic formulation and mixture of the present invention is designed for shrimp in the larval stage and comprises a mixture of different lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in a nutrient medium rich in amino acids, omega fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, which helps the movement of pathogenic bacteria at intestinal level, also supporting increased larval survival, as well as decreased use of antibiotics and fungicides. The probiotic composition of the present invention is made up of the elements listed in Table 1. Table 1. Probiotic composition for feeding shrimp larvae.
Componente Concentración Concentration Component
Mezcla de cultivo de Lactobacillus Lactobacillus culture mix
spp 1X107 ufc/g - 3X1012 ufc/g, spp 1X10 7 cfu / g - 3X10 12 cfu / g,
5-50% 5-50%
Bacillus spp 1X107 ufc/g - 3X1012 Bacillus spp 1X10 7 cfu / g - 3X10 12
ufc/g y cultivo de Bifidobacterium cfu / g and culture of Bifidobacterium
spp 1X107 ufc/g - 1X1011 ufc/g spp 1X10 7 cfu / g - 1X10 11 cfu / g
Aislado protéico de origen Protein isolate of origin
3-25% 3-25%
animal/vegetal animal / vegetable
Vitaminas A, complejo B, C, D y E 1-15% Vitamins A, complex B, C, D and E 1-15%
Calcio 0.1-2% Calcium 0.1-2%
Minerales 0.01-10% Minerals 0.01-10%
Monosacáridos , disacáridos, Monosaccharides, disaccharides,
oligosacáridos y 10-90% oligosaccharides and 10-90%
fructoligosacáridos fructoligosaccharides
Acidos grasos EPH y DHS aislados de EPH and DHS fatty acids isolated from
0.44-1% 0.44-1%
microalgas microalgae
Liofilizado de Saccharomyces Saccharomyces lyophilisate
5-50% 5-50%
cerevisae cerevisae
En una modalidad preferida de la presente invención, el cultivo de Lactobacillus spp, comprende una mezcla de, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus casei var rhamonosus, Lactobacillus acidophillus y Lactobacillus plantarum; el cultivo de Bacillus spp comprende Bacillus coagulans y; el cultivo de Bifidobacterium spp comprende Bifidobacterium animalis y Bifidobacterium bifidum. En otra modalidad de la presente invención la mezcla de monosacáridos, disacáridos, oligosacáridos y fructoligosacáridos comprende glucosa, almidón, lactosa,
dextrinas, maltodextrinas e inulina In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Lactobacillus spp culture comprises a mixture of, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus casei var rhamonosus, Lactobacillus acidophillus and Lactobacillus plantarum; the Bacillus spp culture comprises Bacillus coagulans and; the culture of Bifidobacterium spp comprises Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium bifidum. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and fructoligosaccharides comprises glucose, starch, lactose, dextrins, maltodextrins and inulin
La composición antes descrita, se adiciona de forma libre en los cuerpos de agua donde se crian las larvas de camarón y una vez ingerida por estas, disminuye y/o evita la invasión de bacterias patógenas en el intestino de los animales, por lo que las larvas mejoran sustancialmente su metabolismo y crecen de mejor manera presentando una mejor coloración y un tamaño mayor con respecto a larvas criadas en condiciones convencionales. The composition described above is added freely in the bodies of water where the shrimp larvae are raised and once ingested by them, it decreases and / or prevents the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of animals, so that the Larvae substantially improve their metabolism and grow better, presenting a better coloration and a larger size with respect to larvae reared under conventional conditions.
Para demostrar las ventajas de la administración de la composición de la presente invención en la cria de larvas de camarón, se adicionó ésta a un cultivo comercial de larvas de camarón y se comparó la supervivencia, tasa de crecimiento y coloración de los animales respecto a un cultivo testigo sin la adición de la composición. Se usaron alrededor de 167 millones de larvas de camarón, la mitad de las cuales suplementaron su alimentación con la composición de la presente invención, mientras que la otra mitad se crió en un estanque abierto sin suplementación de su alimentación. Los resultados del conteo de animales sobrevivientes después del periodo de prueba, arrojó una supervivencia de hasta un 20% mayor a la obtenida con la cria convencional. Asimismo, con la suplementación de la composición de la presente invención se evitó el uso de antibióticos y fungicidas químicos, sin que se presentaran infecciones entre las larvas, mientras que en el estanque de cría sin suplementación fue necesario adicionar antibióticos/antimicóticos debido a la aparición de un conato de infección. Por otro lado, la talla de los
animales en el grupo con suplementación fue mucho mayor que la de los animales del cultivo testigo, presentando además una mejor coloración y movilidad. Los resultados del ensayo antes descrito demuestran que la adición de la composición de la presente invención en los estanques de cria de camarón mejora sustancialmente la supervivencia de las larvas y además permite obtener camarones con una mejor talla y una coloración mas uniforme. Además, al evitarse el uso de antibióticos y antimicóticos se evita la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua evitando daños al medio ambiente. To demonstrate the advantages of administering the composition of the present invention in shrimp larvae, this was added to a commercial culture of shrimp larvae and the survival, growth rate and coloration of the animals were compared with respect to a control culture without the addition of the composition. About 167 million shrimp larvae were used, half of which supplemented their feed with the composition of the present invention, while the other half were raised in an open pond without feed supplementation. The results of the count of surviving animals after the test period, yielded a survival of up to 20% greater than that obtained with conventional breeding. Likewise, with the supplementation of the composition of the present invention, the use of chemical antibiotics and fungicides was avoided, without infections occurring among the larvae, while in the breeding pond without supplementation it was necessary to add antibiotics / antifungals due to the appearance of an outbreak of infection. On the other hand, the size of the Animals in the supplemented group were much higher than the animals in the control culture, also presenting better coloration and mobility. The results of the test described above demonstrate that the addition of the composition of the present invention in the shrimp farming ponds substantially improves the survival of the larvae and also allows obtaining shrimp with a better size and a more uniform coloration. In addition, by avoiding the use of antibiotics and antifungals, contamination of water bodies is avoided, avoiding damage to the environment.
La presente invención se ha descrito de acuerdo con una modalidad preferida; sin embargo, será aparente para un técnico con conocimientos medios en la materia, que podrán hacerse modificaciones a la invención, sin apartarse de su espíritu y alcance.
The present invention has been described in accordance with a preferred embodiment; however, it will be apparent to a technician with average knowledge of the matter that modifications may be made to the invention, without departing from its spirit and scope.
Claims
1.- Una composición probiótica para la alimentación de larvas de camarón, caracterizada porque comprende entre 5 y 50% de una mezcla de cultivos de Lactobacíllus spp 1X107 ufc/g - 3X1012 ufc/g, Bacillus spp 1X107 ufc/g - 3X1012 ufc/g y de Bifidobacterium spp 1X107 ufc/g - 1X1011; entre 3 y 25% de un aislado protéico de origen animal/vegetal ; entre 1 y 15% de una mezcla de vitaminas A, complejo B, C, D y E; entre 0.1 y 2% de calcio; entre 0.01 y 10% de minerales; entre 10 y 90% de una mezcla de monosacáridos , disacáridos, oligosacáridos y fructoligosacáridos ; entre 0.44 y 1% de ácidos grasos y; entre 5 a 50% de un liofilizado de Saccharomyces cerevisiae . 1.- A probiotic composition for feeding shrimp larvae, characterized in that it comprises between 5 and 50% of a mixture of Lactobacíllus spp 1X10 7 cfu / g - 3X10 12 cfu / g, Bacillus spp 1X10 7 cfu / g - 3X10 12 cfu / g and Bifidobacterium spp 1X10 7 cfu / g - 1X10 11 ; between 3 and 25% of a protein isolate of animal / plant origin; between 1 and 15% of a mixture of vitamins A, complex B, C, D and E; between 0.1 and 2% calcium; between 0.01 and 10% of minerals; between 10 and 90% of a mixture of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and fructoligosaccharides; between 0.44 and 1% of fatty acids and; between 5 to 50% of a lyophilisate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
2. - La composición de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el cultivo de Lactobacíllus spp comprende Lactobacíllus casei, Lactobacíllus casei var rhamonosus, Lactobacíllus acidophillus y Lactobacíllus plantarum. 2. - The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the culture of Lactobacíllus spp comprises Lactobacíllus casei, Lactobacíllus casei var rhamonosus, Lactobacíllus acidophillus and Lactobacíllus plantarum.
3. - La composición de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el cultivo de Bifidobacterium spp comprende Bifidobacterium animalis y Bifidobacterium bifidum. 3. - The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the culture of Bifidobacterium spp comprises Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium bifidum.
4.- La composición de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el cultivo de Bacillus spp comprende 4.- The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the culture of Bacillus spp comprises
Bacillus coagulans . Bacillus coagulans.
5.- La composición de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la mezcla de monosacáridos, disacáridos, oligosacáridos y fructoligosacáridos comprende glucosa, almidón, lactosa, dextrinas, maltodextrinas e inulina .
5. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and fructoligosaccharides comprises glucose, starch, lactose, dextrins, maltodextrins and inulin.
6.- La composición de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque los ácidos grasos omega son EPH y DHA.
6.- The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the omega fatty acids are EPH and DHA.
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Cited By (1)
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| WO2022043527A1 (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-03 | Bretagne Chimie Fine | Use of a hydrolysate with high levels of free amino acids in a food for growing shrimp |
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| WO2013142792A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | Advanced Bionutrition Corporation | Stabilizing composition for biological materials |
| EP2859797A1 (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2015-04-15 | J&B Bio Inc. | Additive composition for shrimp feed and a method for producing the same |
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| WO2022043527A1 (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-03 | Bretagne Chimie Fine | Use of a hydrolysate with high levels of free amino acids in a food for growing shrimp |
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