WO2020130522A1 - Aimant supraconducteur à haute température comprenant des canaux micro-verticaux - Google Patents

Aimant supraconducteur à haute température comprenant des canaux micro-verticaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020130522A1
WO2020130522A1 PCT/KR2019/017781 KR2019017781W WO2020130522A1 WO 2020130522 A1 WO2020130522 A1 WO 2020130522A1 KR 2019017781 W KR2019017781 W KR 2019017781W WO 2020130522 A1 WO2020130522 A1 WO 2020130522A1
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Prior art keywords
superconducting
layer
coil
wire
metal
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PCT/KR2019/017781
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
고락길
하동우
노현우
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한국전기연구원
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Priority claimed from KR1020190165474A external-priority patent/KR20200075753A/ko
Application filed by 한국전기연구원 filed Critical 한국전기연구원
Publication of WO2020130522A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020130522A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
    • H01B12/06—Films or wires on bases or cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
    • H01B12/10—Multi-filaments embedded in normal conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a superconducting magnet, and more particularly, to a second generation high temperature superconducting magnet.
  • High-temperature superconducting wires operating at liquefied nitrogen temperature have a high critical current density characteristic in a high magnetic field, and are attracting attention as a high magnetic field application such as a superconducting magnet.
  • the high-temperature superconducting wire has a structure in which a superconducting portion in the form of a filament or a thin film is extended in a conductive metal sheath, and can be divided into first and second generation superconducting wires according to the structure.
  • the second-generation superconducting wire has a stacked structure of a metal substrate, a buffer layer, a superconducting layer, and a stabilizing layer, and the outer portion of the wire has a coating structure made of a conductive metal such as Cu or Ag or an alloy thereof. Accordingly, during coil winding, the wires of adjacent turns are in electrical contact.
  • the superconducting wire may be wound while being wrapped with an insulating material such as Teflon or Kapton.
  • the insulation of the superconducting wires constituting the superconducting magnet affects electromagnetic properties such as excitation of the superconducting magnet.
  • the superconducting wire has a serious influence on the protection properties of the quench.
  • the high-temperature superconducting wire has a high heat capacity and a high critical temperature compared to the low-temperature superconducting wire, so it is known that the possibility of quench is low, but it has a problem that it is difficult to detect the quench phenomenon from the outside due to the low rate of quench propagation. It shows a fatal defect leading to burnout due to the local quench phenomenon. Therefore, when the adjacent superconducting wire of the superconducting coil is insulated, it exhibits vulnerable characteristics to the quench.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a superconducting coil having an improved excitation characteristic and a current classification characteristic and a superconducting magnet including the same.
  • the present invention is a high-temperature superconducting coil in which a high-temperature superconducting wire material extending in a longitudinal direction with a predetermined width and including a superconducting layer and an upper metal portion and a lower metal portion on the upper portion of the superconducting layer is stacked.
  • the superconducting coil provides a superconducting coil characterized by having a plurality of channels for electrically connecting to adjacent superconducting wires by penetrating the superconducting layer of the superconducting wire in the stacking direction.
  • the superconducting coil may be in direct contact with a metal portion of two adjacent superconducting wires.
  • a metal insulation layer may be further included between two adjacent superconducting wires of the superconducting coil.
  • the conductive channel may be formed of a conductive metal.
  • the conductive channel may include solder.
  • the conductive channel may include a plating layer.
  • the conductive channel may include both solder and a plating layer.
  • the conductive channel may include a metal paste, such as an Ag paste.
  • the conductive channel may include a metal insulating transition (MIT) material.
  • MIT metal insulating transition
  • a buffer layer is included between the superconducting layer and the lower metal portion of the superconducting wire, and the channel can penetrate the superconducting layer and the buffer layer.
  • the spacing between the plurality of channels is preferably 500 ⁇ m or more.
  • the distance between the plurality of channels in the present invention may be less than 1000 ⁇ m, less than 2000.
  • the plurality of channels may have a diameter of 50 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or more.
  • the plurality of channels may have a diameter of 50 to 200 ⁇ m, or 50 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 1 is a view exemplarily showing a portion of a superconducting coil constituting a superconducting magnet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a cross-sectional structure cut along the A-A' direction of a superconducting coil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a view schematically showing a through hole arrangement of a superconducting wire processed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a view schematically showing a wire pattern processed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a photograph of the front (a) and the back (b) of the hole after laser processing the wire according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of measuring a non-contact hole Ic after processing a wire according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a photograph of the front (a) and the back (b) of the filled hole according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing electromagnetic characteristics of a magnet manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing electromagnetic characteristics of a magnet manufactured according to a comparative example.
  • FIG. 1 is a view exemplarily showing a portion of a superconducting coil constituting a superconducting magnet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the superconducting coil has a structure in which the superconducting wire 100 is laminated and wound in a predetermined shape.
  • the high-temperature superconducting coil may be implemented in various shapes such as a single pancake, double packcake, race track, and saddle.
  • the second generation superconducting wire includes a lower metal portion, a superconducting layer, and an upper metal portion.
  • the superconducting wire may be implemented in various ways.
  • the superconducting wire material may have a stacked structure of a metal substrate, a buffer layer, a superconducting layer, a capping layer, and a stabilizing layer, and the upper metal layers may be upper metal portions, and lower metal layers may be lower metal portions, with the superconducting layer functioning as the superconducting portion.
  • the metal part may be composed of one single metal layer, or alternatively, may be composed of a stacked structure of two or more metal layers.
  • another layer such as a buffer layer may be interposed between the superconducting layer and a lower metal portion such as the substrate.
  • the upper metal portion and the lower metal portion may be connected along the outer periphery of the wire.
  • a second-generation superconducting wire such as RABiTS (Rolling Assisted Bi-axially Textured Substrate) or IBAD (Ion Beam Assist Deposition) may be used as the superconducting wire.
  • the superconducting wire has a structure in which a buffer layer, a superconducting layer, and a stabilizing layer are sequentially formed on a Ni or Ni alloy substrate.
  • the buffer layer may be composed of at least one material selected from the group consisting of MgO, LMO, STO, ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , YSZ, Y 2 O 3 and HfO 2 , and a single layer according to the use and manufacturing method of the superconducting product Or it may be formed in multiple layers.
  • the superconducting layer may be formed of a superconducting material including an yttrium element or a rare earth (RE) element.
  • RE rare earth
  • Y123 or RE123 superconducting material represented by YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 may be used.
  • a Bi-based superconducting material may be used as the superconducting layer of the present invention.
  • the stabilizing layer is composed of at least one metal selected from the group of precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum and palladium, or an alloy layer of the metal, or a multilayer structure including a conductive metal such as copper or aluminum or an alloy layer of the metal Can be.
  • the outer periphery of the wire can be covered by a conductive lamination layer.
  • the lamination layer may be formed of a metal material having rigidity. For example, stainless steel, copper alloys such as brass, or nickel alloys can be used.
  • FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a cross-sectional structure cut along the A-A' direction of a superconducting coil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the superconducting coil has a structure in which a plurality of superconducting wires 110-1.110-2 and 110-3 are stacked.
  • Each superconducting wire has an upper metal portion 112, a superconducting layer 114, and a lower metal portion 116.
  • one or more buffer layers may be interposed between the superconducting layer 114 and the lower metal portion 116, but for convenience of illustration.
  • the superconducting wire 110 (110-1, 110-2, 110-3) according to an embodiment of the present invention is a superconducting layer 114 in the vertical direction (that is, the lamination direction) on the lamination surface of each layer.
  • a plurality of vertical channels 120 are formed therethrough.
  • the channel 120 couples the upper metal portion 112 and the lower metal portion 116.
  • the channel 120 is confined within the superconducting wire, and does not extend to adjacent superconducting wire.
  • an intervening layer 130 may be introduced between the lower metal portion of one superconducting wire 110-1 and the upper metal portion of the adjacent superconducting wire 110-2 in the superconducting coil.
  • the intervening layer 130 may be, for example, a metal insulation layer.
  • the metal insulation refers to insulating between superconductors with a metal having a high resistance compared to the superconducting part. Since this layer exhibits a very high resistance value compared to the superconducting part, it serves to substantially insulate the wire in the superconducting state.
  • the quench current can be bypassed to adjacent superconducting wires.
  • channels 120 of adjacent superconducting wires constituting a turn of the windings are electrically connected to each other through the intervening layer 130.
  • a metal having a higher resistance than Ag or Cu metal constituting a superconducting wire may be used as the metal insulation layer, for example, a copper alloy such as brass, stainless steel (SUS), or hastelloy, or a nickel alloy. have.
  • a copper alloy such as brass, stainless steel (SUS), or hastelloy, or a nickel alloy.
  • a metal-insulation transition material (hereinafter referred to as MIT) material layer such as V 2 O 3 and NdNiO 3 may be used as the intervening layer 130.
  • MIT metal-insulation transition material
  • the present invention includes the intervening layer 130 Needless to say, the adjacent superconducting wire may be designed to be in direct contact.
  • intervening layer may be added together during the manufacture of the superconducting wire, but may also be added together during the winding of the superconducting magnet and co-winding together.
  • the plurality of channels 120 are shown to penetrate all layers of the superconducting wire, but this is only an example of implementation of the present invention and various modifications are possible.
  • the channel 120 penetrates the superconducting layer 114 to connect the upper metal portion 112 and the lower metal portion 116.
  • the channel 120 may mechanically, electrically and/or thermally firmly couple the upper metal portion 112 and the lower metal portion 116. Furthermore, the channel 120 may mechanically, electrically and/or thermally firmly combine each layer constituting the layered structure.
  • the channel 120 may have good bonding properties with the upper metal part 112 and the lower metal part 116.
  • materials suitable for welding the upper metal portion 112 and the lower metal portion 116 may be constituting materials of the channel of this embodiment.
  • the channel additionally has mechanical stiffness. It is preferably composed of a single composition metal or metal alloy such as silver or copper. Of course, materials having stiffness such as lead alloy are also suitable for the channel of the present invention.
  • the channel 120 may be implemented by including a metal-insulation transition material (MIT).
  • MIT generally refers to a material that has a low electrical conductivity below a predetermined temperature (transition temperature) and behaves as an insulator, but exhibits a rapid increase in electrical conductivity above the transition temperature.
  • MIT is used in substantially the same meaning as the conventional usage of the term.
  • the MIT suitable in the present invention has a transition temperature equal to or greater than a critical temperature of the superconducting wire, and preferably has an electrical conductivity ratio before and after the section including the transition temperature, preferably 10 3 or more, and more preferably 10 5 or more.
  • the MIT has a transition temperature equal to or higher than a critical temperature of the superconducting material used in the superconducting layer.
  • the transition temperature of MIT is less than the critical temperature of the superconducting material + less than 120 K, more preferably less than the critical temperature + 100 K, more preferably less than the critical temperature + 50 K.
  • the transition temperature of MIT usable in the present invention may be near room temperature.
  • the transition temperature of the MIT may be above the critical temperature of the superconducting material, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
  • Exemplary MIT materials suitable for the present invention include vanadium oxide (Vanadium Oxide) or NdNiO 3 .
  • the thermal expansion coefficient may be a major consideration factor when selecting a candidate material for the channel.
  • Conventional metals or metal alloys have a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the superconducting layer and can be a channel candidate in the present invention.
  • a channel made of a metal or a metal alloy can be formed to form a residual compressive stress between the metal substrate 110 and the stabilization layer 140 when cooling, if appropriately selected.
  • the channel may be formed by conventional groove processing and conventional deposition methods.
  • a groove processing and a deposition method may be applied after forming a part of the laminated structure of the wire rod.
  • a processing method such as laser drilling may be applied.
  • Various vapor deposition methods such as electroplating, electroless plating, physical vapor deposition, and chemical vapor deposition can be applied.
  • the superconducting wire of product number ST1805-08 of Shanghai Superconductor was used.
  • the specifications of the wire rod are as follows.
  • the superconducting wire was processed through a nano-second laser through a predetermined diameter and a predetermined distance (a) through hole at a predetermined interval.
  • the through-holes formed three rows in the longitudinal direction of the wire, and the number of rows in the width direction was varied according to the width of the wire.
  • Table 1 below shows the diameters and hole spacings of the holes of each wire sample prepared.
  • the critical current values of the wire rods listed in Table 1 were measured.
  • the threshold current value consists of a voltage tap capable of measuring voltage on both sides centered on through-holes processed at predetermined intervals, and a voltage tap capable of applying current to both sides around the voltage tap, and is measured by a general four-terminal method.
  • Figure 4 is a graph plotting the results of measuring the critical current value (I c ) of wire samples (#1 to #5) having a diameter of 100 ⁇ m. For comparison, the critical current value (I c0 ) before the through-hole drilling of each wire is also shown.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph plotting the results of measuring the critical current value (I c ) of wire samples 50 ⁇ m in diameter (#6 to #10). For comparison, the critical current value (I c0 ) before the through-hole drilling of each wire is also shown.
  • the through-processing does not deteriorate the critical current value of the superconducting wire.
  • the diameter of the through hole and the distance between the through holes may affect the critical current value of the superconducting wire, the quench characteristic by the channel, and the mechanical strength of the superconducting wire after filling the through hole.
  • the wide hole spacing and the narrow hole diameter can suppress the deterioration of the critical current value, but the effect of suppressing the quench by channel conduction and the effect of complementing the strength of the superconducting wire are negligible.
  • the through-hole diameters and spacings of the appropriate ranges described above can compensate for the quench and mechanical properties of the superconducting coil by the channel without causing a change in the critical current value.
  • a 34m superconducting wire with a critical current of ⁇ 160A was used at a 4mm width of Shanghai Superconductor.
  • the specifications of the wire rod are as follows.
  • the superconducting wire was processed through a nano-second laser with a diameter of about 100 ⁇ m through hole. 6 shows the length and through-hole pattern of the processed wire rod.
  • FIG. 7 is a photograph of the front (a) and the back (b) of the hole after laser processing the wire rod
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of measuring the non-contact hole Ic after laser processing the wire rod. It was confirmed from FIG. 8 that there was no decrease in Ic even through the hole processing process.
  • a hole was filled with a cream solder having a trade name of DSS0201LF with a composition of 42Sn/58Bi, and heating was performed at a temperature of 150°C on a hot plate to complete soldering.
  • FIG. 9 is a photograph of the front (a) and rear (b) of the filled hole. It can be seen from FIG. 9 that the channel hole is completely filled by the solder.
  • the measurement results of the non-contact hole Ic for the wire rod of the filled hole were similar to that in FIG. 8, and thus there was no decrease in Ic, and the graph for this was omitted.
  • the superconducting wire having a channel prepared in the above experimental example was wound.
  • the winding method was a metal insulation in which brass tape was wound together with a superconducting wire.
  • a width of 4.3 mm and a thickness of about 0.145 mm were used.
  • the coil winding conditions are as follows.
  • the coil was prepared, the coil was fixed to the jig, a magnet was manufactured by connecting a voltage tap and a current lead, and a magnetic field sensor was installed at the center of the coil.
  • the prepared magnet was immersed in liquid nitrogen to cool, and the electromagnetic properties of the magnet were measured.
  • the specific measurement conditions are as follows.
  • the magnet of the comparative example was manufactured by winding the metal insulation in the same manner as in the example using a superconducting wire having no micro-channel and a brass tape. The electromagnetic properties of the wound magnet were measured.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the electromagnetic characteristics of a magnet manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the electromagnetic characteristics of a magnet manufactured according to a comparative example.
  • Both magnets of the examples and comparative examples have the same appearance including size, and the critical currents of the coils are all equal to 100A. 10 and 11, when comparing the magnetic field values from the magnetic field sensor located at the center of the coil, the two magnets show very same coil characteristics until the steady state up to 100A, which is the coil critical current.
  • the classification occurs inside the coil, but the magnetic field value decreases and maintains because it cools with liquid nitrogen and propagates only up to a few turns inside, and does not propagate until other turns. Became.
  • the quench starts at the coil critical current of 100A and passes through the turn and turn through the micro-metal channel and rapidly propagates to the outer turns. This can be confirmed from the fact that the central magnetic field value rapidly decreases and almost disappears after the hitch occurs.
  • the high-temperature superconducting magnet with a micro-metal channel is secured to protect the high-temperature superconducting magnet by dispersing the rapid quench energy after quenching.
  • cooling efficiency is poor, such as conduction cooling, it is very effective in protecting the high-temperature superconducting magnet. effective.
  • the laminated structure of the superconducting wire may further include an additional layer structure.
  • a conductive polymer layer such as a conductive epoxy layer may be added to a contact point between adjacent wires, such as a stabilization layer or a lamination layer exterior. The added layer can be used to control the contact resistance of the laminated structure.
  • the present invention is applicable to superconducting magnets.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

Le but de la présente invention est de fournir une bobine supraconductrice ayant des caractéristiques d'excitation et des caractéristiques de dérivation de courant améliorées, et un aimant supraconducteur la comprenant. La présente invention concerne une bobine supraconductrice à haute température dans laquelle des fils supraconducteurs à haute température comprenant une couche supraconductrice, une partie métallique supérieure sur la partie supérieure de la couche supraconductrice, et une partie métallique inférieure sur le fond de la couche supraconductrice sont empilées, la bobine supraconductrice comprenant une pluralité de canaux qui pénètrent dans les couches supraconductrices des fils supraconducteurs dans la direction empilée de ceux-ci pour connecter électriquement des fils supraconducteurs adjacents.
PCT/KR2019/017781 2018-12-18 2019-12-16 Aimant supraconducteur à haute température comprenant des canaux micro-verticaux WO2020130522A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2018-0164631 2018-12-18
KR20180164631 2018-12-18
KR10-2019-0165474 2019-12-12
KR1020190165474A KR20200075753A (ko) 2018-12-18 2019-12-12 마이크로 수직 채널을 구비하는 고온 초전도 자석

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113327716A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-08-31 上海交通大学 一种增加高温超导窄堆线层间结合力的方法
GB2600110A (en) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-27 Tokamak Energy Ltd High temperature superconductor field coil

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20170028837A (ko) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-14 한국전기연구원 스마트 인슐레이션을 구비하는 고온 초전도 코일, 그에 사용되는 고온 초전도 선재 및 그 제조방법
KR20170029724A (ko) * 2015-09-07 2017-03-16 한국전기연구원 자속 집속 구조를 구비한 초전도 선재
KR20170030233A (ko) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-17 한국전기연구원 고온 초전도 선재
WO2017122947A1 (fr) * 2016-01-11 2017-07-20 한국기초과학지원연구원 Bobine supraconductrice non isolée imprégnée de matière conductrice et son dispositif de fabrication
JP2018129519A (ja) * 2018-03-02 2018-08-16 株式会社東芝 超電導コイルおよび超電導コイル装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20170028837A (ko) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-14 한국전기연구원 스마트 인슐레이션을 구비하는 고온 초전도 코일, 그에 사용되는 고온 초전도 선재 및 그 제조방법
KR20170029724A (ko) * 2015-09-07 2017-03-16 한국전기연구원 자속 집속 구조를 구비한 초전도 선재
KR20170030233A (ko) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-17 한국전기연구원 고온 초전도 선재
WO2017122947A1 (fr) * 2016-01-11 2017-07-20 한국기초과학지원연구원 Bobine supraconductrice non isolée imprégnée de matière conductrice et son dispositif de fabrication
JP2018129519A (ja) * 2018-03-02 2018-08-16 株式会社東芝 超電導コイルおよび超電導コイル装置

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2600110A (en) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-27 Tokamak Energy Ltd High temperature superconductor field coil
WO2022084398A3 (fr) * 2020-10-20 2022-06-23 Tokamak Energy Ltd Bobine de champ supraconductrice à haute-température
CN113327716A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-08-31 上海交通大学 一种增加高温超导窄堆线层间结合力的方法

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