WO2020126801A1

WO2020126801A1 - Method for determining an energy requirement, electronic computing device for carrying out a method for determining an energy requirement, computer program, and data carrier

Info

Publication number: WO2020126801A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/084838
Authority: WO
Inventors: Matthias Huber; Martin KÜPPERS; Nils NAMOCKEL
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2018-12-21
Filing date: 2019-12-12
Publication date: 2020-06-25
Also published as: DE102018222805A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining an energy requirement of a geographical region, having the steps of: a) analyzing at least one captured structure image (14) of the region, said image being captured by at least one sensor unit of a height elucidation object; b) analyzing at least one captured emission image (16) of the region, said image being captured by the sensor unit of the height elucidation object and/or by another sensor unit of another height elucidation object; c) generating an analysis data set using the analysis of the at least one captured structure image (14) and the analysis of the at least one captured emission image (16); and d) determining the energy requirement of the region on the basis of the analysis data set. The invention additionally relates to an electronic computing device, to a computer program, and to an electronically readable data carrier.

Description

description

Method for determining an energy requirement and electronic computing device for executing a method for determining an energy requirement, computer program and data carrier

The invention relates to a method for determining an energy requirement of a geographical region according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electronic computing device for performing a method for determining an energy requirement according to patent claim 8. In addition, the invention relates to a computer program according to Claim 9 and an electronically readable data carrier according to claim 10.

Predictions about a, in particular actual, energy requirement or a potential energy requirement of certain regions, in particular those built up by settlements, can be particularly helpful in order to be able to particularly promote the development of the corresponding region, for example.

The determination of the energy requirement is not known in the prior art. Only energy consumption is recorded through measured values, standard load profiles or through personal inspection on site.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method, a computing device, a computer program and a data carrier, by means of which an energy requirement of a region can be determined in a particularly advantageous manner.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are described in the dependent gene claims and specified in the description and in the drawing.

The method according to the invention is used to determine an energy requirement of a geographical region. The geographic region can be, for example, a town, a city or, for example, a rural region. Furthermore, the region can be any region on the surface of the earth, so that the region can be located, for example, in an industrialized country and / or also in a developing country and / or emerging country. Energy requirement is to be understood in particular as an electrical energy requirement, which thus characterizes the need for electrical energy in the region.

In order to determine the energy requirement, the method comprises several steps:

In a first step a), at least one structural image of the region recorded by means of at least one sensor unit of an elevation object is evaluated. In a further step b) of the method, at least one emission recording of the region recorded by means of the sensor unit of the height reconnaissance object and / or by means of a further sensor unit of a further height reconnaissance object is carried out. In a further step c) of the method, an evaluation data record is generated on the basis of the evaluation of the at least one structural recordings and the evaluation of the at least one emission record. The structure recording can advantageously be a recording of at least a certain part of the electromagnetic spectrum, in particular, for example, in a region visible to the human eye, which is preferably, for example, at a specific time of the day, in particular during a bright, that is to say illuminated by the sun , Daily segment of the day is recorded. Accordingly, the sensor unit, or likewise the further sensor unit, can in particular have, for example, a camera sensor, through which at least one of the recordings, ie the structure recording or the emission recording, can be detected. The elevation reconnaissance object or the further elevation reconnaissance object is preferably designed, for example, as a satellite and is at least characterized in that it is able to position the sensor unit or the further sensor unit at a, in particular large, height above the geographic region such that the respective Admission, that is, the structure admission or the emission admission, is realizable. The emission recording can preferably be a recording analogous to the structure recording, in which at least a certain sub-area of the electromagnetic spectrum is captured or recorded. Furthermore, the emission recording as well as the structure recording can be recorded at a specific time of day, this advantageously being recorded for the, for example, visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum at a time when the sun is not shining in the geographic region, so that, for example, light sources, which light emissions cause or emit light can be recorded in the region. A quasi arbitrary part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be recorded both in the structure recording and in the emission recording. This part of the electromagnetic spectrum can lie, for example, in a range visible to the human eye and / or in an infrared range and / or an ultraviolet range and / or a radio range, for example for radar recordings. In this case, for example, the emission can be a light emission in the visible spectrum be. The evaluation of the structure recording can advantageously also take place in the visible area. However, corresponding recordings can also be evaluated in the near and / or far infrared range, in the ultraviolet range, or in the radio range or in the X-ray range. The respective sensor unit, that is the sensor unit and / or the further sensor unit, is in each case depending on the speed of the electromagnetic spectrum to be recorded for the same trained receptive. The generation of the evaluation data record can be, in particular, a fusion of the data, that is to say in particular of the features recognized by the evaluation in the respective structure recording and / or emission recording, or a fusion of the structure recording with the emission recording itself.

In order to be able to determine the energy requirement of the region in a particularly advantageous manner by means of the method according to the invention, the energy requirement is determined in a further step d) of the method depending on the evaluation data record generated in step c). The determination advantageously takes place, in particular, automatically or can take place.

In other words, the method according to the invention results in, in particular automated, processing and analysis of data which are, in particular, satellite data or data of a height reconnaissance object. The data are processed in such a way that they can be used to estimate or determine an energy requirement and, for example, an energy consumption. For this purpose, the data which represent the at least one structure recording and the at least one emission recording are analyzed and / or evaluated by a device, such as an electronic computing device. The structure recording can in particular be taken, for example, a satellite image in daylight. The emission recording can advantageously be a satellite image which is recorded by the region from above the region during the night.

The evaluation of both method step a) and method step b) is preferably carried out by an, in particular learning algorithm, by means of which, for example, certain patterns and thereby consumers of the electrical energy can be recognized. For example, it is possible to evaluate residential structures Recognize commercial areas or commercial facilities and, for example, industrial facilities. The recognition or evaluation and / or differentiation can be made, for example, with regard to different types of buildings, the general settlement structure or the settlement density

and / or the type of vegetation and, for example, the presence of, in particular decentralized, energy generation plants. In addition to the structure shots, which can be day shots, the emission shots, which can in particular represent night shots, are used, in addition to the emission detected by the at least one emission shot, which is, for example, an illuminance of light for illuminating the region Derive or determine the region's energy consumption. As already mentioned, the region can represent a city or a quarter, a town or a rural region. By means of the method, for example, individual light points of the emission recording or night recording, which in particular cannot be assigned by a simple evaluation of the emission recording alone, can be compared with the associated data of the structure recording using the evaluation data record generated in step c) such that one, in particular unambiguous assignment between the determined structure and the determined emission can be derived.

The method according to the invention provides, for example, a further advantage, in particular because of the possibility of an automated implementation of the method, which can save costs, in particular by manual methods. A further advantage is that, for example, in the case of network planning and / or geographic analysis of, in particular potential expansion areas for electrification, the determination of the energy demand or the energy requirement can be carried out particularly easily. On the one hand, the method according to the invention provides the possibility that this is already areas or regions can determine or estimate energy consumption, in particular with its time dependency, even if, for example, energy service providers or distribution network operators do not provide data about the region, for example in the form of measurement data and time series. A further advantage of the method according to the invention can be that, in particular for areas or regions that are not electrified or not yet electrified, a possibility is created to be able to estimate the potential energy requirement, in particular in a technical and systematic manner, in order to plan a grid expansion of a power grid and / or, for example, to design an island network as required. Compared to manual estimation, there is the possibility of a particularly low estimation effort.

The invention is based on the knowledge that in the area of network planning and geographic analyzes for potential expansion areas in particular, determining the energy demand or the energy requirement is often very complex, so it has generally not been possible previously, in particular automated, on the basis of satellite data to quickly and reliably establish a connection between image features and the energy consumption of a region, in particular an urban district. For example, the image characteristics or the respective exposure category include an intensity of lighting at night, a building size and a density of settlements, etc.

The method essentially solves two sub-problems: Firstly, using conventional analysis methods, it is difficult to estimate the energy requirements for areas that have already been electrified if no data is provided by the energy service provider or the distribution operator. Second, it is difficult to estimate energy consumption for an area that has not yet been electrified. This results in another one Advantage of the method, since this can be used both for an actual energy requirement of the region or for a potential energy requirement of the region.

Previous approaches, in particular from various research groups, have focused on publishing analyzes of night images, from which conclusions have been drawn about economic and demographic structures. There was no consideration of energy-related aspects and, moreover, a combination of night pictures with day shots. For example, the Barbara Hardy Center for Sustainable Environments in Townsend, Australia evaluates satellite images from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program to enable spatial analysis of a power supply in Australia. Furthermore, the World Bank Group and the DevelopmentSEED, for example, provide satellite data in which each point reflects the intensity of lighting at night at a specific time in a city. In contrast, the Commerce Data Usability Project of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tries to use the intensity of the lighting at night to determine demographic characteristics and economic indicators of the region. The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm offers an open source software with the name "dESA" or "KTH-dESA". This software provides a tool that can be used for spatial analysis, visualization and estimation of cost-effective Option to electrify a region. The Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) also published a study entitled "Tracking Electrification in Vietnam Using Nighttime Lights", in which the intensity of lighting at night from satellite data, which are provided by the US Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program 's Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) are compared with local survey data on the electrical infrastructure and power consumption The programs mentioned record an actual or predicted energy requirement, in particular particularly advantageously, but the recording of the energy consumption takes place in terms of the prior art, preferably using measurement data, standard load profiles or by personal inspection on site.

In contrast, the method according to the invention, which in particular can be carried out automatically, has the advantage that the methods mentioned in the prior art can be saved. In addition, the energy profiles created in this way can be provided for a large number of additional applications by the method according to the invention, so that in addition to direct use, indirect use can also be expected.

A further advantage of the method according to the invention is that loads or the energy requirement for certain areas can be compared worldwide using a uniform method, for example regions or areas where there is a validated energy requirement as a comparison for areas or regions where one relies on the method according to the invention for the estimation of the energy requirement, be compared particularly advantageously, whereby a particularly advantageous determination of the energy requirement is possible for virtually any areas or regions worldwide.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, background data are recorded in the evaluation data record, which are recorded in addition to the evaluated structural recordings and the evaluated emission recordings available in the evaluation data record, the energy requirement of the region thus being additionally determined as a function of the background data. By including background data in the evaluation data set, the determination of the energy requirement or the current requirement can advantageously be carried out particularly precisely, for example. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, this results in the background data radar data of the region and / or a gross domestic product of the region and / or

Climate information of the region and / or include or can include at least one map of the region. For example, the use of radar data through a combination or a comparison with the at least one structure recording in the evaluation, for example, enables particularly precise conclusions to be drawn about the structures of the region, that is to say the buildings, industrial plants or, for example, production workshops, which makes the energy requirement particularly advantageous can be estimated. By using, for example, the gross domestic product in the background data, it can be estimated, for example, which financial options for spending energy on the corresponding residents of the region. By using climate information of the region in the background data, for example, the energy requirement with regard to the energy required for heating can be estimated particularly advantageously. A map of the region can also be used particularly advantageously in the analysis or evaluation of the structural image, for example. The use of background data of the type mentioned and / or additional data used as background data thus means that the method can be carried out particularly advantageously, so that in particular, for example, the accuracy of the determination can be improved.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the evaluation of the structure recording and / or the evaluation of the emission recording and / or the determination of the energy requirement are carried out by at least one machine learning algorithm and / or a neural network and / or an artificial intelligence (AI or AI ) carried out. There are two main approaches to machine learning: first, symbolic approaches, such as propositional systems, in which knowledge - both the examples and the induced ones Rules - is explicitly represented, which can be expressed, for example, by the algorithm. Second, sub-symbolic systems such as, in particular artificial, neural networks that function along the lines of the human brain and in which knowledge is implicitly represented. Combinations of the at least one algorithm and the at least one neural network are also conceivable. The algorithm can be capable of learning, in particular self-learning, and can be executed, for example, by the neural network, or the neural network receives instructions in accordance with the learning algorithm. The learning algorithm and / or the neural network and / or the AI can advantageously be trained in a learning phase, for example by a user of the method, in particular by reinforcing learning, so-called reinforcement learning. The learning algorithm can be called up through the neural network, which is refined, for example, by deep learning. The learning algorithm or machine-based learning can also be carried out by artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is advantageously designed for pattern analysis or pattern recognition, which can be represented, for example, by the neural network. As an alternative or in addition, the neural network, the learning algorithm and / or the artificial intelligence can be trained by so-called expert knowledge, that is, by one or the user, who can correctly assign used training data, for example. The algorithm can include at least one, in particular heuristic, optimization method.

Depending on the information contained in the structure recording or the emission recording, which is contained, for example, by the information in a recording of the region recorded as an image, the corresponding algorithm or the artificial intelligence or the neural network or the optimization method can, for example, in particular perform image processing. Ren who recognize using a deep learning approach, i.e. through in-depth learning, in particular patterns of cities and / or settlements and can use them to make sufficiently precise estimates of the actual and / or potential energy consumption. In a learning phase of the algorithm, it can be trained by the user in a supportive manner, as a result of which detection of emission or structure in the emission recording or structure recording can be carried out particularly advantageously, so that in an advantageous manner even with difficult or unclear elements or data in the Corresponding recording, that is, the structure recording or the emission recording, can be accessed by the user, as a result of which the method can provide a particularly advantageous hybrid approach. For example, the learning algorithm can calculate the illuminance, i.e. the emission of light, down geographically areas of the region that are becoming ever smaller, for example. The learning algorithm can include the background data in the evaluation data record so that, for example, public data, which for example contains the gross domestic product or the climatic conditions of a country and / or region, can be used in the same way.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the learning algorithm is trained by means of a training data record which includes information on a particular energy requirement for at least one city and / or village and / or industrial plant. In other words, the algorithm can learn from known data about energy consumption or energy demand or the consumption of electrical energy, so that, for example, energy consumption for a number of cities and villages as well as industrial sites can be included in the training data record, which then makes pattern recognition particularly advantageous Recognizes patterns in the evaluation data record, as a result of which the prediction of the energy requirement can be carried out particularly advantageously. The algorithm, in particular for image processing or pattern recognition, can use a deep learning approach and artificial intelligence to recognize structures and patterns of cities and settlements or villages particularly advantageously, and from this the estimation of the energy requirement, in particular the actual and / or potential Energy requirements, perform particularly advantageously.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a model for a transmission network and / or a model for a distribution network and / or a model for a micro network is determined or generated based on the determined energy requirement, in particular an economic calculation being carried out in each case can be. For example, the micro network can be a technology that can provide isolated solutions for covering an energy requirement. A transmission network is primarily, for example, overhead lines that can cover the region's energy requirements by being able to transport energy from another region, which can be provided by a power plant, for example, to the region analyzed by the method . In the model for a distribution network, for example, the energy sources available in the region can be taken into account in such a way that their energy can be distributed particularly advantageously in the region. This gives, for example, the advantage that, for example, an expansion of the corresponding network, that is to say the transmission network and / or distribution network and / or the micro network, can be carried out particularly advantageously, for example, thereby saving costs. For example, there is the option of making the respective models available to a distribution network operator and / or a municipal utility and / or a state institution, or of giving them access to carry out the method, so that expansion can be carried out particularly efficiently. Another Possibility includes through the information gained through the process and the discovery of market potential.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a satellite and / or a height balloon and / or an aircraft is used as the height information object and / or the further height information object. Due to the possibility of being able to use different air or space ships as the carrier object of the sensor unit for detecting the structure recording or emission recording, a large number of recordings can be used for the method, which makes it particularly advantageously possible to determine the energy requirement.

A second aspect of the invention relates to an electronic computing device which is designed to carry out the described method.

A third aspect of the invention is an inventive computer program which implements an inventive method on an electronic computing device. The computer program can also be in the form of a computer program product which can be loaded directly into a memory of a computing device, with program means to carry out a method according to the invention if the computer program product is in particular executed in a computing device.

A fourth aspect of the invention relates to an electronically readable data carrier. The electronically readable data carrier according to the invention includes electronically readable control information stored on it, which includes at least one computer program according to the invention or is designed in such a way that, when the data carrier is used, it carries out a method according to the invention in a control device or in an electronic computing device. The properties and further developments of the method according to the invention and the corresponding advantages given so far and below are each analogously applicable to the electronic computing device according to the invention and / or components used or usable for carrying out the method according to the invention and vice versa. For this reason, a respective explicit formulation of the respective features is dispensed with both for the method according to the invention and for the electronic computing device according to the invention.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment and with reference to the drawing.

The single figure shows a schematic diagram to illustrate a method for determining an energy requirement of a geographic region.

The single figure shows a schematic diagram 10, which shows processes and functional relationships for a method for determining an energy requirement of a geographical region.

The method for determining the energy requirement, which is output as output 12 of the method, comprises several steps:

In a step a), at least one structural image 14 of the region recorded by means of at least one sensor unit of a height clarification object is evaluated. In a further step b) of the method, at least one emission recording 16 of the region detected by means of the sensor unit of the height clarification object and / or by means of a further sensor unit of a further height clarification object is evaluated. The at least one structure image 14 can, for example, in particular an aerial image that was taken by the region during a daytime, so that the structure image shows, for example, a satellite image or an aerial view of the region. For example, an aerial photograph and / or a satellite image, which was recorded or recorded by the region during a night time, can serve as the emission recording 16, so that in particular a light emission in the region is recorded there. In a further step c) of the method, an evaluation data record is generated on the basis of the evaluation of the at least one structure recordings 14 and the evaluation of the at least one emission recording 16. The evaluation of the structure recording 14 and the evaluation of the emission recording 16 and the generation of the evaluation data record are carried out represented in diagram 10 by the evaluation and generation module 18. Steps a) to c) of the method preferably take place in the evaluation and generation module, or steps a), b) and c) are processed in the evaluation and generation module 18. The evaluation of both the structure image 14 and the emission image 16, for example in the event that the structure image 14 represents an aerial image or a satellite image of the region or the emission image is an aerial image or a satellite image of the region, can be carried out by means of image processing. Both the structure recording 14 and the emission recording 16 can be carried out by the sensor unit or the further sensor unit of the height reconnaissance object or the further height reconnaissance object, so to speak, in any range of electromagnetic radiation which is advantageously to be selected. In the exemplary embodiment mentioned, in particular electromagnetic radiation can be detected in a region visible to the human eye. Alternatively or additionally, for example, emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared range can be evaluated, for example in order to represent heating costs or the proportion of energy required for heating. In order to carry out the method particularly advantageously, the energy requirement of the region is determined in a step d), for example by a determination module 20, as a function of the evaluation data record. It is thus possible through the method, which is schematically outlined by diagram 10, to determine the energy requirement of the region, for example in the event that the region is already electrified, the energy requirement or a temporal energy consumption, in particular automated , is estimated or determined. In addition, the method can be used to estimate or determine a potential energy requirement for a non-electrified region or for a region that has not yet been electrified.

For this purpose, as shown in the diagram 10, additional background data 22 can advantageously be included in the evaluation data set, which can be done, for example, as shown by the determination module 20, but alternatively also by the evaluation and generation module 18, so that when determining the Energy requirements of the region are therefore taken into account the background data 22. That is to say, the region's energy requirements are determined as a function of the background data 22.

The background data 22 can advantageously include, for example, radar data of the region and / or a gross domestic product of the region and / or climate information of the region and / or at least a map of the region. In addition, further data or information sources can be used for the background data 22, which make it possible to predict or determine the energy requirements of the region in a particularly advantageous manner, and thus in particular in a particularly precise manner. For example, the background data 22 may also include information about the heating system most used in the region. If, for example, heating is carried out by renewable raw materials such as wood in private buildings, this can be the case when estimating the Energy requirements, which preferably estimate the electrical energy requirements, are taken into account.

The background data 22 can also contain information in an additional electromagnetic range, as a result of which the structure recording 14 or the emission recording 16 can advantageously be supplemented.

The structure recording 14 and / or the emission recording 16 are advantageously evaluated

and / or the determination of the energy requirement, which can be output as output 12 of the method, is carried out or is carried out by at least one learning algorithm and / or a neural network and / or an artificial intelligence.

In a learning phase, that is to say in a state in which the learning algorithm and / or the neural network or the artificial intelligence is trained, in particular, for example, in pattern recognition in particular, in order to extract from the recordings of the structure recording 14 and / or the emission recording 16 To obtain the desired information required for determining the energy requirement through the evaluation, the training or learning can be carried out in particular through reinforcing learning and / or through in-depth learning. Here, a user, in particular actively, can intervene in the learning or during the learning phase in the method, so that the results of the respective evaluation of the structure recording 14 or the emission recording 16 and the determination of the energy requirement can be positively influenced, so that ultimately the energy requirement can be particularly precisely estimated or determined.

In order to advantageously train the learning algorithm or the neural network and / or the artificial intelligence, a training data record 24 is used which is suitable for at least one city and / or one Village and / or an industrial plant includes or contains information on a respective energy requirement. In addition or in addition, a further training data record 26 can be used, which, for example, is used in particular both for the evaluation. The further training data record 26 can contain information about buildings or industrial plants or the like, for example, so that, for example, the structure recording 14 can be evaluated particularly advantageously. Advantageously, the method can be used to determine a model for a transmission network and / or a model for a distribution network and / or a model for a micro network based on the determined energy requirement, it also being possible, for example, to carry out an economic efficiency calculation. In particular, instead of the actual energy requirement, for example in a previously poorly developed region, a potential energy requirement for future further development or expansion of the region can be estimated.

A satellite and / or a height balloon and / or an aircraft is advantageously used as the height information object and / or the further height information object. In other words, the structure recording 14 or the emission recording 16 are recorded from a satellite and / or an altitude balloon and / or an aircraft.

The method can be used, for example, to operate an electronic computing device in such a way that, for example, at least one structure recording 14 or at least one emission recording 16 and additionally or alternatively the background data 22 and a respective training data record 24 or 26 are also received, with the Output 12, which contains in particular the specific energy requirement, for example via a data network and / or an output device, such as, for example, a monitor. The method described here can also be in the form of a computer program or a computer program product which implements the method within the electronic computing device. Likewise, there can be an electronically readable data carrier with electronically readable control information stored thereon, which include at least one described computer program product and are designed such that when the data carrier is used in one or the electronic computing device in particular, they carry out a described method.

Reference list

10 diagram

12 edition

14 structure recordings

16 emission recordings

18 Evaluation and generation module 20 Determination module

22 Background data

24 training data record

26 more training records

Claims

1. A method for determining an energy requirement of a geographic region, comprising the steps:

a) evaluating at least one structural image (14) of the region recorded by means of at least one sensor unit of a height reconnaissance object;

b) evaluating at least one emission recording (16) of the region recorded by means of the sensor unit of the height reconnaissance object and / or by means of a further sensor unit of a further height reconnaissance object;

c) generating an evaluation data set on the basis of the evaluation of the at least one structure recordings (14) and the evaluation of the at least one emission recordings (16); characterized by the step:

d) determining the energy requirements of the region depending on the evaluation data set.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein background data (22) are included in the evaluation data set, the determination of the energy requirement of the region thus taking place as a function of the background data (22).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the background data (22) comprise radar data of the region and / or a gross domestic product of the region and / or climate information of the region and / or at least a map of the region.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation of the structure recording (14) and / or the evaluation of the emission recording (16) and / or the determination of the energy requirement by at least one algorithm of a machine learning and / or by a neural network is or will be carried out.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the algorithm and / or the neural network, in particular in the learning phase, is trained by a training data record (24) which for at least one city and / or at least one village and / or at least one industrial plant includes information on a respective energy requirement.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a model for a transmission network and / or a model for a distribution network and / or a model for micro network is determined on the basis of the determined energy requirement.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a satellite and / or a height balloon and / or an aircraft is used as the height reconnaissance object and / or the further height reconnaissance object.

8. Electronic computing device, which is designed to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims.

9. Computer program which can be loaded directly into a memory of an electronic computing device, with program means to carry out the steps of the method according to one of claims 1 to 7 when the program is executed in a computing device.

10. Electronically readable data carrier with electronically readable control information stored thereon, which at least comprise a computer program according to claim 9 and are designed such that they carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 7 when using the data carrier in an electronic computing device.