WO2020125678A1 - 循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置和方法 - Google Patents

循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置和方法 Download PDF

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WO2020125678A1
WO2020125678A1 PCT/CN2019/126305 CN2019126305W WO2020125678A1 WO 2020125678 A1 WO2020125678 A1 WO 2020125678A1 CN 2019126305 W CN2019126305 W CN 2019126305W WO 2020125678 A1 WO2020125678 A1 WO 2020125678A1
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shrimp
escape
water
pipe
sewage
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PCT/CN2019/126305
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙建明
杜以帅
吴斌
邱天龙
周利
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中国科学院海洋研究所
大连汇新钛设备开发有限公司
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Publication of WO2020125678A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125678A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish

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  • the invention belongs to the field of aquaculture engineering, in particular to a device and a method for removing contaminants and preventing escape of live shrimp in a circulating water shrimp culture system.
  • the Chinese utility model patent published on July 30, 2013, with the publication number CN203735271U discloses a high-position shrimp pond floating ball drain; this device is suitable for high-position shrimp ponds. Not applicable.
  • the Chinese utility model patent published on October 7, 2015, with the publication number CN204682166U discloses an anti-escape device for the central sewage outlet of a shrimp farm; the device is installed above the sewage outlet below the cultured water body, which can effectively prevent shrimp Escape, but the anti-escape net is easily blocked by shrimp shells and dirt, and the shrimp shells cannot be discharged out of the breeding water body.
  • the Chinese invention patent published on July 6, 2016, with the publication number CN105724307A discloses an air-lift decontamination device suitable for indoor industrial cultivation of prawns; the device hopes to disturb live shrimps and leave the sewage through the escape of bubbles While the mouth is not affected, the sewage outlet is lifted by gas to quickly remove dead shrimp, residual bait and feces in the shrimp pond.
  • the shortcoming is that the sewage casing and the chassis of the device are at the bottom of the aquaculture water body, and the removal of dead shrimp, residual bait and feces is not easy to observe, and the live shrimp is excluded and cannot be detected, resulting in the loss of shrimp seedlings and the increase of the subsequent sewage device. Filter load, etc. Therefore, the development of a device that is more suitable for the removal of shrimp shells, dead shrimp and dirt in circulating water culture, and at the same time prevents the escape of live shrimp, is of great significance for promoting high-density culture of shrimp in circulating water.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for removing contaminants and preventing escape of live shrimp in a shrimp culture system with circulating water.
  • the device of the present invention includes a bottom sewage collection pipe, a return water pipe, a return water drainage tank, a live shrimp anti-escape frame, an anti-escape net, and a water level adjustment pipe, wherein the bottom sewage pipe is placed on the bottom of the breeding tank, and the bottom sewage pipe There is a sewage collecting port; there is an anti-escape frame for live shrimp in the backwater drainage tank, and an anti-escape net is installed in the anti-escape frame for live shrimp; one end of the bottom sewage collection pipe is closed, and the other end passes through The interior of the anti-escape net is connected; one end of the water level adjustment pipe is inserted into the return water drain tank and is located outside the live shrimp anti-escape frame, and the other end of the water level adjustment pipe passes through the lower return water pipe and The return water pipe of the circulating water system is connected; the water level is adjusted by the height of the water level adjustment pipe inserted into the return water sewage tank;
  • the backwater drainage tank, live shrimp anti-escape frame and anti-escape net are all set on the surface of the water body of the breeding pond;
  • the return water pipe between the bottom sewage collection pipe and the return water drainage tank includes a middle layer return water pipe and an upper layer return water pipe, and one end of the middle layer return water pipe is connected to the other end of the bottom sewage pipe through a bottom elbow.
  • the other end of the return water pipe is connected to one end of the upper return water pipe through the upper elbow, and the other end of the upper return water pipe is inserted into the anti-escape net;
  • the live shrimp anti-escape frame has a hollow structure and is fixedly connected to the return water drainage tank.
  • the bottom of the live shrimp anti-escape frame is provided with an interface through which the return water pipe passes;
  • the anti-escape net is detachably installed in the live shrimp anti-escape frame, and the anti-escape net is made of nylon or plastic;
  • One end of the bottom sewage collection pipe is provided with a sealing head, and the sewage collection port is provided at the bottom of the bottom sewage collection pipe.
  • the method for removing dirt and preventing escape of live shrimp in the circulating water shrimp culture system of the present invention is as follows:
  • Aquaculture water, dirt and live shrimp enter the bottom sewage collection pipe through the sewage collection port, and enter the anti-escape net through the return water pipe, and the dirt flows out through the pores on the anti-escape net and the live shrimp anti-escape frame , Enters the lower return pipe through the water level adjustment pipe, and then flows into the return water pipe of the circulating water system; the shrimp shells and dead shrimp in live shrimp and sewage are filtered by the anti-escape net and the live shrimp anti-escape frame, and are trapped in In the live shrimp anti-escape frame, shrimp shells and dead shrimp are removed, and the live shrimp are returned to the circulating water breeding pond;
  • the water level difference between the inside and outside of the return water drainage tank is increased.
  • the increased water level difference causes the pressure at the sewage collection port to change and forms a negative pressure to make the sewage collection port nearby and further away The dirt at the place enters the bottom collection pipe.
  • the device of the present invention solves the disadvantage of easily blocking the escape net at the bottom return water pipe or return water tray, and the return water sewage tank, live shrimp escape frame and escape net are all set on the surface of the breeding water, which is convenient for observing shrimp The removal of shells, dead shrimp and residual bait feces; meanwhile, shrimp shells, dead shrimp and live shrimp are trapped in the live shrimp anti-escape net, which is convenient for manual separation.
  • the anti-escape net in the device of the present invention is fixed in the live shrimp anti-escape frame, and according to the size of the shrimp shell and prawns, the anti-escape nets of different pores can be replaced, so as to achieve the purpose of discharging sewage and retaining dead shrimp live shrimp. This design is flexible and practical.
  • the invention can be used in combination with intermittent water return devices to improve the efficiency of sewage discharge.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for removing dirt and preventing escape of live shrimp in a circulating water shrimp culture system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of a live shrimp anti-escape frame and an anti-escape net in a device for removing contaminants and a live shrimp anti-escape in a circulating water shrimp culture system of the present invention
  • 1 is the head
  • 2 is the bottom sewage collection pipe
  • 3 is the bottom elbow
  • 4 is the middle layer return water pipe
  • 5 is the upper elbow
  • 6 is the upper layer return water pipe
  • 7 is the return water drainage tank
  • 8 is the live shrimp prevention Escape frame
  • 9 is an anti-escape net
  • 10 is a water level adjustment pipe
  • 11 is a lower return water pipe
  • 12 is a sewage collection port
  • 13 is a breeding tank wall.
  • the device for removing contaminants and preventing escape of live shrimp in the circulating water shrimp culture system of the present invention includes a bottom sewage collection pipe 2, a return water pipe, a return water drainage tank 7, a live shrimp prevention escape frame 8, An anti-escape net 9 and a water level adjusting pipe 10, wherein the bottom sewage collection pipe 2 is placed at the bottom of the breeding pond, and a sewage collection port 12 is provided at the bottom of the bottom sewage collection pipe 2; a return water drainage tank 7 and a live shrimp anti-escape frame 8 Both the anti-escape net 9 and the anti-escape net 9 are set on the surface of the water body of the breeding pond.
  • the backwater drainage tank 7 is provided with a live shrimp anti-escape frame 8.
  • the live shrimp anti-escape frame 8 of the present invention has a hollow structure and is fixedly connected in the return water drainage tank 7.
  • the bottom of the live shrimp anti-escape frame 8 is provided with an interface through which the return water pipe passes.
  • the anti-escape net 9 of the present invention is detachably installed in the live shrimp anti-escape frame 8, and the anti-escape nets of different pores can be replaced according to the size of the shrimp shell and the farmed shrimp, so as to facilitate the drainage and interception of dead shrimp and live shrimp Purpose; the anti-escape net 9 of the present invention can be made of nylon or plastic material.
  • One end of the bottom sewage collection pipe 2 is provided with a sealing head, which is a closed end, and the other end communicates with the inside of the anti-escape net 9 through a return water pipe.
  • One end of the water level adjustment pipe 10 is inserted into the return water drain tank 7 and is located outside the live shrimp escape frame 8.
  • the other end of the water level adjustment pipe 10 is connected to one end of the lower return water pipe 11.
  • the other end is penetrated by the wall 13 of the breeding tank and connected to the return water pipeline of the circulating water system; the water level is adjusted by the height of the water level adjustment pipe 10 inserted into the return water sewage tank 7.
  • the return pipe between the bottom sewage collection pipe 2 and the return water drainage tank 7 of the present invention includes a middle layer return water pipe 4 and an upper layer return water pipe 6, one end of the middle layer return water pipe 4 passes through the bottom elbow 3 and the other end of the bottom sewage collection pipe 2 Connected, the other end of the middle layer return water pipe 4 is connected to one end of the upper layer return water pipe 6 through the upper elbow 5, and the other end of the upper layer return water pipe 6 is inserted inside the anti-escape net 9.
  • the sealing head 1, bottom sewage pipe 2, bottom elbow 3, middle layer return water pipe 4, upper elbow 5 and upper layer return water pipe 6 of the present invention constitute a bottom sewage collecting device, a return water drainage tank 7, a live shrimp anti-escape frame 8
  • the anti-escape net 9 forms a shrimp shell, dead shrimp, dirt removal and live shrimp anti-escape device, and the water level adjustment pipe 10 and the lower drain pipe 11 form a water level adjustment device.
  • the method for removing dirt and preventing escape of live shrimp in the circulating water shrimp culture system of the present invention is as follows:
  • the culture water, live shrimp and shrimp shells, dead shrimp, residual bait, feces and other contaminants enter the bottom sewage collection pipe 2 through the sewage collection port 12, and then pass through the bottom elbow 3 and the middle return water pipe 4 ,
  • the upper elbow 5 and the upper return water pipe 6 enter the anti-escape net 9, and the contaminants such as breeding water, residual bait and feces flow out through the pores in the anti-escape net 9 and the live shrimp anti-escape frame 8 through the water level adjustment pipe 10 It enters the lower return water pipe 11 and flows into the return water pipe of the circulating water system.
  • Live shrimps, shrimp shells, and dead shrimps are filtered by the anti-escape net 9 and live shrimp anti-escape frames 8, and are trapped in the live shrimp anti-escape frames 8.
  • the shrimp shells and dead shrimps can be manually removed from the device, while the live shrimps are re-released Return to the circulating water breeding tank.
  • the water level difference between the inside and outside of the backwater drain tank 7 is generally adjusted to be 3 to 5 cm, and it is this water level difference that allows contaminants such as shrimp shells, dead shrimp, some live shrimp and residual bait to enter the farming water
  • the backwater drain tank 7 achieves the purpose of removing sewage and separating live shrimp and dead shrimp.
  • the water level difference between the inside and outside of the return sewage drain tank 7 can reach 20cm instantaneously.
  • This high water level difference changes the pressure at the sewage collecting port 12 and forms a negative pressure, which makes the vicinity of the sewage collecting port 12 Dirty shrimp shells, dead shrimp and residual bait feces and other contaminants enter the bottom sewage collection pipe 2, thereby improving the sewage discharge efficiency.
  • Apparatus of the present invention in a pilot experiment Dalian, Liaoning Province recirculating aquaculture system vannamei, applied to two water circulation system, the total aquaculture water 676m 3, circulating water throughout the breeding process, the device can It can effectively remove contaminants such as shrimp shells, dead shrimp and residual bait, and can effectively prevent live shrimp from escaping. It also facilitates manual separation of dead shrimp and live shrimp.
  • the invention is suitable for various shapes of aquaculture ponds in the existing industrial circulating water aquaculture system, and particularly solves the problem that the square pond shrimp shells, dead shrimps and dirt are difficult to exclude.
  • the invention can effectively solve the problem of removing shrimp shells and contaminants in the process of breeding prawns in circulating water, and can effectively prevent the escape of live shrimp and facilitate the separation of dead shrimp and live shrimp.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置和方法，底部集污管(2)放置于养殖池的底部，其上设有集污口(12)；回水排污槽(7)内设有活虾防逃框(8)，活虾防逃框(8)内安装有防逃网(9)；底部集污管(2)的一端封闭，另一端通过回水管与防逃网(9)的内部相连通；水位调节管(10)的一端插设于回水排污槽(7)内，且位于活虾防逃框(8)的外部，另一端通过下部回水管(11)与循环水系统的回水管道相连；通过水位调节管(10)插入回水排污槽(7)内的高度实现水位调节。养殖水、污物及活虾由集污口(12)进入底部集污管(2)，经回水管进入到防逃网(9)内，污物由防逃网(9)及活虾防逃框(8)上的孔隙流出，经水位调节管(10)进入下部回水管(11)，从而流入循环水系统的回水管道；活虾及污物中的虾壳、死虾被防逃网(9)及活虾防逃框(8)过滤，截留在活虾防逃框(8)内，虾壳、死虾被移出，活虾被重新放回循环水养殖池内。既有利于观察污物的排除和活虾的逃逸情况，又可以定期清洗或者更换防逃网(9)，以防止防逃网(9)被堵塞影响循环水系统的循环，有效解决了循环水养殖虾过程中污物的排除问题，并能有效防止活虾逃逸，方便进行死虾和活虾的分离。

Description

循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置和方法 技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖工程领域，具体地说是一种循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置和方法。
背景技术
在工业化循环水养殖对虾系统中，如何将养殖水体中虾壳、死虾和残饵粪便等污物排除出系统之外，同时防止活虾逃逸是一项关键的技术，也是决定循环水养殖对虾能否成功的一个关键环节。
于2013年7月30日公开的、公开号为CN203735271U的中国实用新型专利，公开了一种高位虾池浮球式排污器；这种装置适用于高位养虾池，对于循环水养虾系统并不适用。于2015年10月7日公开的、公开号为CN204682166U的中国实用新型专利，公开了一种养虾池中央排污口防逃装置；该装置设置于养殖水体以下排污口之上，可以有效防止对虾逃逸，但是防逃网容易被虾壳和污物堵塞，并且虾壳不能被排出养殖水体。于2016年7月6日公开的、公开号为CN105724307A的中国发明专利，公开了一种适用于对虾室内工厂化养殖的气提式除污装置；该装置希望通过气泡逸出惊扰活虾离开排污口使其不受影响的同时，通过气体提升排污口，快速去除虾池的死虾、残饵、粪便。然而不足之处在于：该装置排污套管和底盘均在养殖水体底部，死虾、残饵和粪便的排除不易观察，活虾被排除也无法觉察，造成虾苗流失且增加了后续排污装置微滤机等的负荷。因此研发一种更适合循环水养殖的虾壳、死虾与污物的去除同时还能防止活虾逃逸的装置，对于推动循环水高密度养殖对虾具有重要意义。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，满足循环水养虾的需求，本发明的目的在于提供一种循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置和方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
本发明的装置包括底部集污管、回水管、回水排污槽、活虾防逃框、防逃网及水位调节管，其中底部集污管放置于养殖池的底部，该底部集污管上设有集污口；所述回水排污槽内设有活虾防逃框，该活虾防逃框内安装有防逃网；所述底部集污管的一端封闭，另一端通过回水管与所述防逃网的内部相连通；所述水位调节管的一端插设于回水排污槽内，且位于所述活虾防逃框的外部，该水位调节管的另一端通过下部回水管与循环水系统的回水管道相连；通过所述水位调节管插入回水排污槽内的高度实现水位调节；
其中：所述回水排污槽、活虾防逃框及防逃网均设置于养殖池的水体表层；
所述底部集污管与回水排污槽之间的回水管包括中层回水管及上层回水管，该中层回水管的一端通过底部弯头与所述底部集污管的另一端相连，所述中层回水管的另一端通过上部弯头与上层回水管的一端连接，该上层回水管的另一端插入所述防逃网内部；
所述活虾防逃框为镂空结构、固接在回水排污槽内，该活虾防逃框的底部开有供回水管穿过的接口；
所述防逃网可拆卸地安装于活虾防逃框内，该防逃网为尼龙或塑料材质；
所述底部集污管的一端设有封头，所述集污口设于底部集污管的底部。
本发明循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的方法为：
养殖水、污物及活虾由所述集污口进入底部集污管，经所述回水管进入到防逃网内，污物由所述防逃网及活虾防逃框上的孔隙流出，经所述水位调节管进入下部回水管，从而流入循环水系统的回水管道；活虾及污物中的虾壳、死虾被所述防逃网及活虾防逃框过滤，截留在所述活虾防逃框内，虾壳、死虾被移出，活虾被重新放回循环水养殖池内；
其中：所述回水排污槽的内外存在水位差，通过该水位差将污物及活虾随养殖水进入回水排污槽，实现排除污物和活虾、死虾分离；
当将所述水位调节管拔掉后，增加所述回水排污槽内外的水位差，增加的水位差使所述集污口处的压力改变，并且形成负压，使集污口附近及更远处的污物进入底部集污管。
本发明的优点与积极效果为：
1.本发明的装置解决了在底部回水管或者回水盘设置防逃网容易堵塞的弊端，将回水排污槽、活虾防逃框和防逃网均设置于养殖水表层，便于观察虾壳、死虾和残饵粪便的去除情况；同时虾壳、死虾和活虾截留在活虾防逃网中，便于人工分离。
2.本发明装置中防逃网固定于活虾防逃框内，并且根据虾壳和对虾的大小，可以更换不同孔隙的防逃网，以达到利于排污和截留死虾活虾的目的，这种设计灵活，实用性强。
3.本发明可以结合间歇式回水装置使用，提高排污效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置的整体结构示意图；
图2为图1的俯视图；
图3为本发明循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置中活虾防逃框和防逃网的局部放大图；
其中：1为封头，2为底部集污管，3为底部弯头，4为中层回水管，5为上 部弯头，6为上层回水管，7为回水排污槽，8为活虾防逃框，9为防逃网，10为水位调节管，11为下部回水管，12为集污口，13为养殖池池壁。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详述。
如图1～3所示，本发明的循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置包括底部集污管2、回水管、回水排污槽7、活虾防逃框8、防逃网9及水位调节管10，其中底部集污管2放置于养殖池的底部，该底部集污管2的底部设有集污口12；回水排污槽7、活虾防逃框8及防逃网9均设置于养殖池的水体表层，回水排污槽7内设有活虾防逃框8，该活虾防逃框8内安装有防逃网9。本发明的活虾防逃框8为镂空结构、固接在回水排污槽7内，该活虾防逃框8的底部开有供回水管穿过的接口。本发明的防逃网9可拆卸地安装于活虾防逃框8内，即可根据虾壳和养殖虾的大小更换不同孔隙的防逃网，以达到利于排污和截留死虾、活虾的目的；本发明的防逃网9可采用尼龙或塑料材质。
底部集污管2的一端设有封头、为封闭端，另一端通过回水管与防逃网9的内部相连通。水位调节管10的一端插设于回水排污槽7内，且位于活虾防逃框8的外部，该水位调节管10的另一端与下部回水管11的一端相连，该下部回水管11的另一端由养殖池池壁13穿过、与循环水系统的回水管道相连；通过水位调节管10插入回水排污槽7内的高度实现水位调节。本发明底部集污管2与回水排污槽7之间的回水管包括中层回水管4及上层回水管6，该中层回水管4的一端通过底部弯头3与底部集污管2的另一端相连，中层回水管4的另一端通过上部弯头5与上层回水管6的一端连接，该上层回水管6的另一端插入防逃网9内部。
本发明的封头1、底部集污管2、底部弯头3、中层回水管4、上部弯头5和上层回水管6组成底部集污装置，回水排污槽7、活虾防逃框8和防逃网9组成虾壳、死虾、污物去除和活虾防逃装置，水位调节管10和下部排水管11组成水位调节装置。
本发明循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的方法为：
在日常的循环水养殖下，养殖水、活虾及虾壳、死虾、残饵、粪便等污物由集污口12进入底部集污管2，然后经过底部弯头3、中层回水管4、上部弯头5和上层回水管6进入到防逃网9内，养殖水、残饵和粪便等污物由防逃网9及活虾防逃框8上的孔隙流出，经由水位调节管10进入下部回水管11，从而流入循环水系统的回水管道。活虾及虾壳、死虾被防逃网9及活虾防逃框8过滤，截留在活虾防逃框8内，虾壳、死虾可以通过人工被移出装置，而活虾被重新放回循环水养殖池内。根据水位调节管10的高度，一般调节回水排污槽7内外的水位差为3～5cm，正是此水位差将虾壳、死虾、部分活虾和残饵粪便等污物随养殖 水进入回水排污槽7，达到排除污物和活虾死虾分离的目的。当将水位调节管10拔掉后，回水排污槽7内外的水位差能瞬间达到20cm，这种高水位差使集污口12处的压力改变，并且形成负压，使集污口12附近更远处的虾壳、死虾和残饵粪便等污物进入底部集污管2，从而提高排污效率。
本发明的装置在辽宁省大连市循环水养殖凡纳滨对虾系统中进行中试实验，应用于两套循环水系统，总养殖水体676m 3，在整个循环水养殖过程中，该装置中均能有效去除虾壳、死虾和残饵粪便等污物，并能有效防止活虾逃逸，还能方便人工来进行死虾和活虾的分离。
本发明适用于现有工业化循环水养殖系统中各种形状的养殖池，尤其是解决了方形池虾壳、死虾和污物难排除的问题。使用本发明可以有效解决循环水养殖对虾过程中虾壳和污物的去除问题，并能有效防止活虾逃逸，方便进行死虾和活虾的分离。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置，其特征在于：包括底部集污管(2)、回水管、回水排污槽(7)、活虾防逃框(8)、防逃网(9)及水位调节管(10)，其中底部集污管(2)放置于养殖池的底部，该底部集污管(2)上设有集污口(12)；所述回水排污槽(7)内设有活虾防逃框(8)，该活虾防逃框(8)内安装有防逃网(9)；所述底部集污管(2)的一端封闭，另一端通过回水管与所述防逃网(9)的内部相连通；所述水位调节管(10)的一端插设于回水排污槽(7)内，且位于所述活虾防逃框(8)的外部，该水位调节管(10)的另一端通过下部回水管(11)与循环水系统的回水管道相连；通过所述水位调节管(10)插入回水排污槽(7)内的高度实现水位调节。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置，其特征在于：所述回水排污槽(7)、活虾防逃框(8)及防逃网(9)均设置于养殖池的水体表层。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置，其特征在于：所述底部集污管(2)与回水排污槽(7)之间的回水管包括中层回水管(4)及上层回水管(6)，该中层回水管(4)的一端通过底部弯头(3)与所述底部集污管(2)的另一端相连，所述中层回水管(4)的另一端通过上部弯头(5)与上层回水管(6)的一端连接，该上层回水管(6)的另一端插入所述防逃网(9)内部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置，其特征在于：所述活虾防逃框(8)为镂空结构、固接在回水排污槽(7)内，该活虾防逃框(8)的底部开有供回水管穿过的接口。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置，其特征在于：所述防逃网(9)可拆卸地安装于活虾防逃框(8)内，该防逃网(9)为尼龙或塑料材质。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置，其特征在于：所述底部集污管(2)的一端设有封头(1)，所述集污口(12)设于底部集污管(2)的底部。
  7. 一种循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的方法，其特征在于：采用权利要求1至6任一权利要求所述的装置，养殖水、污物及活虾由所述集污口(12)进入底部集污管(2)，经所述回水管进入到防逃网(9)内，污物由所述防逃网(9)及活虾防逃框(8)上的孔隙流出，经所述水位调节管(10)进入下部回水管(11)，从而流入循环水系统的回水管道；活虾及污物中的虾壳、死虾被所述防逃网(9)及活虾防逃框(8)过滤，截留在所述活虾防逃框(8)内，虾壳、死虾被移出，活虾被重新放回循环水养殖池内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述回水排污槽(7)的内外存在水位差，通过该水位差将污物及活虾随养殖水进入回水排污槽(7)，实现排除污物和活虾、死虾分离。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：当将所述水位调节管(10)拔掉后，增加所述回水排污槽(7)内外的水位差，增加的水位差使所述集污口(12)处的压力改变，并且形成负压，使集污口(12)附近及更远处的污物进入底部集污管(2)。
PCT/CN2019/126305 2018-12-18 2019-12-18 循环水养虾系统中去除污物以及活虾防逃的装置和方法 WO2020125678A1 (zh)

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