WO2020120903A1 - System adapted for extinguishing a battery fire - Google Patents

System adapted for extinguishing a battery fire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020120903A1
WO2020120903A1 PCT/FR2019/053015 FR2019053015W WO2020120903A1 WO 2020120903 A1 WO2020120903 A1 WO 2020120903A1 FR 2019053015 W FR2019053015 W FR 2019053015W WO 2020120903 A1 WO2020120903 A1 WO 2020120903A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extinguishing agent
battery
extinguishing
shutter
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2019/053015
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilles GONTHIER
Frédéric MARLIN
Original Assignee
Arianegroup Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arianegroup Sas filed Critical Arianegroup Sas
Publication of WO2020120903A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020120903A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/10—Air crafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system suitable for extinguishing a battery fire operating autonomously without requiring an electrical order to trigger the distribution of the extinguishing agent.
  • Battery cells are susceptible to reaction from internal faults or external stresses such as exposure to high temperature.
  • Systems which use a temperature sensor making it possible to detect the appearance of a fire at the level of the cells of a battery.
  • the sensor transmits information to a control unit which sends an order to trigger the delivery of an extinguishing agent at the level of the battery cells in order to extinguish the fire.
  • the invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a system suitable for extinguishing a battery fire, comprising:
  • a battery comprising a plurality of battery cells
  • a device for extinguishing a fire comprising a body containing a liquid extinguishing agent and a gas phase surmounting the liquid extinguishing agent, the body being provided with an outlet orifice closed by a shutter,
  • extinguishing agent exhibiting a saturated vapor pressure which increases by minus 20% to reach an outlet pressure when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF to TF + 50 ° C, where TF denotes a temperature of
  • the invention is remarkable in that it uses an extinguishing agent, the saturated vapor pressure of which increases significantly with temperature, which makes it possible to exert sufficient pressure on the shutter in order to open and initiate it. thus the distribution of the extinguishing agent following an increase in temperature associated with the appearance of a fire.
  • the opening of the shutter may affect the integrity of the shutter, as in the case of an opening by rupture of the shutter, or not affect its integrity, as in the case of an opening by pivoting when the shutter is constituted by a valve.
  • the temperature of the extinguishing agent increases and when this temperature reaches TF + 50 ° C, the shutter opens because the pressure exerted on it is greater than its opening pressure.
  • the extinguishing agent is then distributed to the battery cells and the fire is extinguished.
  • the invention provides a system for extinguishing a fire in a battery independently and passively, without requiring the presence of a sensor or an electrical element to trigger the distribution of the extinguishing agent.
  • the invention takes advantage of the significant increase in pressure inside the body during the increase in temperature linked to the appearance of fire to trigger, passively, the opening of the shutter and the distribution of the extinguishing agent on the cells.
  • the system according to the invention does not require the use of a temperature sensor or a control unit for triggering the extinction. The invention thus makes it possible to avoid situations of non-initiation of extinction in the event of failure of an electrical element.
  • the saturation vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent increases by at least 40% when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF to TF + 50 ° C.
  • the saturation vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent increases by at least 100%, for example by at least 200%, when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF to TF + 50 °. vs.
  • the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent is less than or equal to 2.5 bar at 75 ° C. and greater than or equal to 4 bar at 125 ° C.
  • the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent may be less than or equal to 2 bar at 50 ° C and greater than or equal to 4 bar at 100 ° C.
  • the saturation vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent can be less than or equal to 2 bar at 75 ° C and greater than or equal to 4 bar at 125 ° C.
  • the operating temperature of the battery is between 50 ° C and 100 ° C, for example between 50 ° C and 75 ° C.
  • the outlet orifice is opposite an inter-cell space.
  • Such a characteristic facilitates the filling of the inter-cell space over its entire height and contributes to further improving the extinguishing efficiency.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a system as described above.
  • the vehicle can be an aircraft or an automobile.
  • Figure 1 illustrates, schematically, an example of a system according to the invention with a battery in normal operation.
  • FIG. 2 Figure 2 illustrates the system in Figure 1 when a fire breaks out at one of the battery cells.
  • FIG. 3 Figure 3 illustrates the system of Figure 1 after delivery of the extinguishing agent.
  • FIG. 4 represents the evolution of the saturated vapor pressure as a function of the temperature for two examples of extinguishing agents which can be used in the context of the invention. Description of the embodiments
  • the system 1 comprises a battery 10 which comprises a plurality of battery cells 12 present inside an envelope 14.
  • the battery 10 is intended to supply electrical power to an electrical circuit.
  • the envelope 14 can be made of metallic material.
  • the casing 14 is provided with terminals (not shown) intended for the connection of the battery 10 to the electrical circuit.
  • the casing 14 may or may not be provided with a gas exhaust port and an orifice for the circulation of a cooling fluid (not shown).
  • the cells 12 can be connected in parallel or in series.
  • the cells 12 can for example be lithium-ion cells, lithium metal cells or lithium-polymer cells.
  • the cells 12 are spaced from each other by inter-cell spaces 13.
  • the battery 10 can be used to provide propellant energy in an automobile or in an electrically propelled aircraft, or for secondary (non-propulsive) applications.
  • the battery 10 can also be used in other applications, such as in the naval or railway field.
  • the system 1 also comprises a device for extinguishing a fire.
  • the device for extinguishing a fire 20 is here present inside the envelope 14 and comprises an extinguishing agent 24.
  • An example of a system 1 has been shown with a single extinguishing device 20, but no does not depart from the scope of the invention when the system comprises several extinguishing devices.
  • the storage configuration which is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • This configuration corresponds to the case where no fire has started at cells 12 of battery 10 and normal operation of the latter.
  • the temperature of the extinguishing agent 24 is equal to the operating temperature TF of the battery 10. In the first configuration, the extinguishing agent 24 does not was not distributed on cells 12.
  • the device for extinguishing a fire comprises a body 22 containing the liquid extinguishing agent 24 and provided with an outlet orifice 28 which is closed by a shutter 29.
  • the extinguishing device 20 comprises the liquid extinguishing agent 24 as well as a gas phase 25 which overcomes the liquid extinguishing agent 24.
  • the outlet 28, the liquid extinguishing agent 24 and the gas phase 25 are superimposed.
  • the gas phase 25 is in equilibrium with the liquid extinguishing agent 24.
  • the liquid extinguishing agent 24 is incompressible.
  • the gas phase 25 comprises extinguishing agent in the gaseous state.
  • the liquid extinguishing agent 24 can occupy between 80% and 99% of the internal volume of the body 22.
  • the gas phase 25 can occupy between 1% and 20% of the internal volume of the body 22.
  • the shutter 29 closes tightly the body 22 so that the liquid extinguishing agent 24 remains stored in the extinguishing device 20.
  • the shutter 29 is here in the form of a membrane, for example a metallic membrane, for example made of aluminum, or a polymer membrane.
  • the shutter may be in the form of a valve, such as a spring valve.
  • the gas phase 25 is at a pressure low enough P not to open the shutter 29 and to keep the extinguishing agent 24 stored in the body 22.
  • FIG. 2 shows the system 1 of FIG. 1 after the appearance of a fire F at the level of a cell 12.
  • This fire F leads to a notable increase in temperature of the extinguishing device 20, and in particular of the agent extinction 24.
  • the temperature of the extinguishing agent 24 may for example increase by at least 50 ° C, for example by at least 75 ° C.
  • the extinguishing agent 24 is chosen so as to present a saturated vapor pressure which increases significantly with temperature, which will make it possible to initiate extinction in the event of fire F.
  • the pressure of the gas phase 25 increases significantly, which results in an increased pressure applied by the liquid extinguishing agent 24 on the shutter 29, thus allowing the opening of the latter.
  • the pressure of the gas phase 25 increases by at least 20%, for example by at least 40%, for example by minus 100%, for example at least 200%.
  • the saturated vapor pressure, or of the gas phase 25 reaches the outlet pressure PS, which is higher than the opening pressure of the shutter 29, the pressure exerted by the liquid extinguishing agent 24 on the shutter 29 is sufficient to open the latter.
  • the outlet pressure PS corresponds to the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent 24 at TF + 50 ° C.
  • the opening pressure of the shutter 29 corresponds to the pressure from which the shutter 29 opens.
  • the outlet pressure PS can be greater than or equal to 4 bar, for example greater than or equal to 5 bar, or even 6 bar.
  • Figure 2 illustrates by arrows the pressure applied by the gas phase 25 on the liquid extinguishing agent 24 and the pressure exerted by this liquid extinguishing agent 24 on the shutter 29. In the example illustrated in Figures 1 at 3, there is talk of an opening of the shutter 29 by rupture due to the pressure exerted by the extinguishing agent 24. As indicated above, the opening of the shutter could alternatively be done without affect its integrity, for example by pivoting in the case where the shutter is in the form of a valve.
  • the opening of the shutter 29 leads to the distribution of the extinguishing agent 24 at the level of the cells 12.
  • the distribution of the extinguishing agent 24 at the level of the cells 12 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3.
  • the cells 12 are completely or partially drowned by the extinguishing agent 24 following this distribution and the fire F is extinguished.
  • the outlet port 28 is in communication with the battery cells 12 when the shutter 29 is open, which corresponds to a second configuration of the extinguishing device 20 called the extinction configuration.
  • the outlet 28 opens directly onto the cells 12 when the shutter 29 is open.
  • the outlet orifice 28 can advantageously be located opposite an inter-cell space 13 as illustrated. This facilitates the filling of the inter-cell space over its entire height and contributes to further improving the extinguishing efficiency.
  • the distribution of the extinguishing agent 24 made it possible to extinguish the fire F passively, taking advantage of the significant increase in the pressure inside the body 22 with the increase in temperature linked to the appearance of the fire F to passively trigger the opening of the shutter 29 and the distribution of the extinguishing agent 24 on the cells 12.
  • the system 1 according to the invention does not require the use of a sensor or a control unit for triggering the extinction. The invention thus makes it possible to avoid situations of non-initiation of extinction in the event of failure of an electrical element.
  • extinguishing agent 24 As an example of extinguishing agent 24 that can be used, mention may, for example, be made of FK-5-1-12, corresponding to Novec TM 1230, or Novec TM 774.
  • the choice of extinguishing agent 24 is guided by the battery operating temperature TF.
  • the operating temperature TF of the battery can be between 50 ° C and 100 ° C, for example between 50 ° C and 75 ° C.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the evolution of the saturated vapor pressure as a function of the temperature for the agents Novec TM 1230 and Novec TM 774, we see that the saturated vapor pressure of Novec TM 1230 is always higher than that of Novec TM 774. We can therefore favor the use of Novec TM 774 for batteries whose operating temperature is higher, for which we will seek an extinction trigger at higher temperatures.
  • the Novec TM 1230 agent when used as the extinguishing agent 24, it is possible to use a shutter 29 having an opening pressure of 6 bar so that the device is perfectly sealed against a temperature of 100 ° C and that it trips with great reliability at 130 ° C. It is general knowledge of a person skilled in the art to design the shutter 29, as a function of the extinguishing agent 24 chosen and the temperatures encountered in operation, so as to trigger the extinction at the desired temperature.
  • a battery 10 in which the extinguishing device 20 is present there is shown, in connection with Figures 1 to 3, a battery 10 in which the extinguishing device 20 is present. It is not, however, outside the scope of the invention if the extinguishing device is present outside the battery but in the vicinity of the latter so as to undergo the rise in temperature of said at least one of the cells. the battery so that the extinction is triggered.
  • the outlet of the extinguishing device can be connected by a channel inside the battery comprising the cells. In this case, the outlet orifice does not lead directly to the cells but is in communication with the latter via the channel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system adapted for extinguishing a battery fire (10), comprising: - a battery comprising a plurality of battery cells (12), and - a fire extinguishing device (20) comprising a body (22) containing a liquid extinguishing agent (24) and a gaseous phase (25) surmounting the liquid extinguishing agent, the body being provided with an outlet orifice (28) closed by a shutter (29), wherein the extinguishing agent has a saturating vapor pressure which increases by at least 20% in order to reach an outlet pressure when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF to TF+50 °C, wherein TF designates an operating temperature of the battery that is between 50 °C and 150 °C, and wherein said outlet pressure is greater than an opening pressure of the shutter so as to open the shutter and to distribute the extinguishing agent onto the battery cells when the temperature of the extinguishing agent reaches TF+50 °C.

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Système adapté à l'extinction d'un feu de batterie Title of the invention: System suitable for extinguishing a battery fire
Domaine Technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne un système adapté à l’extinction d’un feu de batterie fonctionnant de manière autonome sans nécessiter d’ordre électrique pour déclencher la distribution de l’agent d’extinction. The present invention relates to a system suitable for extinguishing a battery fire operating autonomously without requiring an electrical order to trigger the distribution of the extinguishing agent.
Technique antérieure Prior art
Les cellules de batterie sont susceptibles de réagir sous l’effet de défauts internes ou d’agressions externes comme l’exposition à une haute température. Battery cells are susceptible to reaction from internal faults or external stresses such as exposure to high temperature.
On connaît des systèmes qui utilisent un capteur de température permettant de détecter l’apparition d’un feu au niveau des cellules d’une batterie. Dans ces systèmes, le capteur transmet une information à une unité de commande qui envoie un ordre permettant de déclencher la délivrance d’un agent d’extinction au niveau des cellules de la batterie afin d’éteindre le feu. Systems are known which use a temperature sensor making it possible to detect the appearance of a fire at the level of the cells of a battery. In these systems, the sensor transmits information to a control unit which sends an order to trigger the delivery of an extinguishing agent at the level of the battery cells in order to extinguish the fire.
Il demeure toutefois un intérêt pour disposer d’un système autonome et passif adapté à l’extinction d’un feu de batterie, c’est-à-dire ne nécessitant pas de capteur et d’ordre généré par une unité de commande ni de fourniture d’énergie externe, et ce afin d’éviter des situations de non-déclenchement de l’extinction en cas de défaillance d’un élément électrique. However, there remains an interest in having an autonomous and passive system adapted to extinguishing a battery fire, that is to say requiring no sensor and order generated by a control unit or supply of external energy, in order to avoid situations of non-initiation of extinction in the event of failure of an electrical element.
Exposé de l’invention Statement of the invention
L’invention vise, selon un premier aspect, un système adapté à l’extinction d’un feu de batterie, comprenant : The invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a system suitable for extinguishing a battery fire, comprising:
- une batterie comprenant une pluralité de cellules de batterie, et a battery comprising a plurality of battery cells, and
- un dispositif d’extinction d’un feu comprenant un corps contenant un agent d’extinction liquide et une phase gazeuse surmontant l’agent d’extinction liquide, le corps étant muni d’un orifice de sortie obturé par un obturateur, a device for extinguishing a fire comprising a body containing a liquid extinguishing agent and a gas phase surmounting the liquid extinguishing agent, the body being provided with an outlet orifice closed by a shutter,
l’agent d’extinction présentant une pression de vapeur saturante qui augmente d’au moins 20% pour atteindre une pression de sortie lorsque la température de l’agent d’extinction passe de TF à TF+50°C, où TF désigne une température de extinguishing agent exhibiting a saturated vapor pressure which increases by minus 20% to reach an outlet pressure when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF to TF + 50 ° C, where TF denotes a temperature of
fonctionnement de la batterie qui est comprise entre 50 °C et 150°C, et en ce que ladite pression de sortie est supérieure à une pression d’ouverture de l’obturateur de sorte à ouvrir l’obturateur et à distribuer l’agent d’extinction sur les cellules de la batterie lorsque la température de l’agent d’extinction atteint TF+50°C. operation of the battery which is between 50 ° C and 150 ° C, and in that said outlet pressure is greater than an opening pressure of the shutter so as to open the shutter and dispense the agent d extinction on the battery cells when the temperature of the extinguishing agent reaches TF + 50 ° C.
L’invention est remarquable en ce qu’elle met en oeuvre un agent d’extinction dont la pression de vapeur saturante augmente significativement avec la température, ce qui permet d’exercer une pression suffisante sur l’obturateur afin de l’ouvrir et initier ainsi la distribution de l’agent d’extinction suite à un accroissement de température associé à l’apparition d’un feu. L’ouverture de l’obturateur peut affecter l’intégrité de l’obturateur, comme dans le cas d’une ouverture par rupture de l’obturateur, ou ne pas affecter son intégrité, comme dans le cas d’une ouverture par pivotement lorsque l’obturateur est constitué par un clapet. Lorsqu’un feu se déclare, la température de l’agent d’extinction augmente et lorsque cette température atteint TF+50°C, l’obturateur s’ouvre car la pression exercée sur ce dernier est supérieure à sa pression d’ouverture. L’agent d’extinction est alors distribué sur les cellules de batterie et le feu est éteint. L’invention propose un système permettant d’éteindre un feu dans une batterie de manière autonome et passive, sans nécessiter la présence d’un capteur ou d’un élément électrique pour déclencher la distribution de l’agent d’extinction. L’invention met en effet à profit l’augmentation significative de la pression à l’intérieur du corps lors de l’accroissement de température lié à l’apparition du feu pour déclencher, de manière passive, l’ouverture de l’obturateur et la distribution de l’agent d’extinction sur les cellules. Le système selon l’invention ne nécessite pas d’employer un capteur de température ou une unité de commande pour le déclenchement de l’extinction. L’invention permet ainsi d’éviter des situations de non-déclenchement de l’extinction en cas de défaillance d’un élément électrique. The invention is remarkable in that it uses an extinguishing agent, the saturated vapor pressure of which increases significantly with temperature, which makes it possible to exert sufficient pressure on the shutter in order to open and initiate it. thus the distribution of the extinguishing agent following an increase in temperature associated with the appearance of a fire. The opening of the shutter may affect the integrity of the shutter, as in the case of an opening by rupture of the shutter, or not affect its integrity, as in the case of an opening by pivoting when the shutter is constituted by a valve. When a fire breaks out, the temperature of the extinguishing agent increases and when this temperature reaches TF + 50 ° C, the shutter opens because the pressure exerted on it is greater than its opening pressure. The extinguishing agent is then distributed to the battery cells and the fire is extinguished. The invention provides a system for extinguishing a fire in a battery independently and passively, without requiring the presence of a sensor or an electrical element to trigger the distribution of the extinguishing agent. The invention takes advantage of the significant increase in pressure inside the body during the increase in temperature linked to the appearance of fire to trigger, passively, the opening of the shutter and the distribution of the extinguishing agent on the cells. The system according to the invention does not require the use of a temperature sensor or a control unit for triggering the extinction. The invention thus makes it possible to avoid situations of non-initiation of extinction in the event of failure of an electrical element.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, la pression de vapeur saturante de l’agent d’extinction augmente d’au moins 40% lorsque la température de l’agent d’extinction passe de TF à TF+50°C. En particulier, la pression de vapeur saturante de l’agent d’extinction augmente d’au moins 100%, par exemple d’au moins 200%, lorsque la température de l’agent d’extinction passe de TF à TF+50°C. De telles caractéristiques permettent avantageusement d’exercer une pression accrue sur l’obturateur afin de faciliter son ouverture et d’initier plus rapidement la distribution de l’agent d’extinction sur la zone de feu. In an exemplary embodiment, the saturation vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent increases by at least 40% when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF to TF + 50 ° C. In particular, the saturation vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent increases by at least 100%, for example by at least 200%, when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF to TF + 50 °. vs. Such characteristics advantageously make it possible to exert increased pressure on the shutter in order to facilitate its opening and to initiate the distribution of the extinguishing agent more quickly over the fire zone.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, la pression de vapeur saturante de l’agent d’extinction est inférieure ou égale à 2,5 bar à 75° C et supérieure ou égale à 4 bar à 125°C. In an exemplary embodiment, the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent is less than or equal to 2.5 bar at 75 ° C. and greater than or equal to 4 bar at 125 ° C.
En particulier, la pression de vapeur saturante de l’agent d’extinction peut être inférieure ou égale à 2 bar à 50 ° C et supérieure ou égale à 4 bar à 100 ° C. In particular, the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent may be less than or equal to 2 bar at 50 ° C and greater than or equal to 4 bar at 100 ° C.
En particulier, la pression de vapeur saturante de l’agent d’extinction peut être inférieure ou égale à 2 bar à 75 ° C et supérieure ou égale à 4 bar à 125 ° C. In particular, the saturation vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent can be less than or equal to 2 bar at 75 ° C and greater than or equal to 4 bar at 125 ° C.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, la température de fonctionnement de la batterie est comprise entre 50 ° C et 100 ° C, par exemple compriseentre 50 ° C et 75 ° C. In an exemplary embodiment, the operating temperature of the battery is between 50 ° C and 100 ° C, for example between 50 ° C and 75 ° C.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, l’orifice de sortie est en regard d’un espace inter cellules. In an exemplary embodiment, the outlet orifice is opposite an inter-cell space.
Une telle caractéristique facilite le remplissage de l’espace inter-cellules sur toute sa hauteur et participe à améliorer davantage encore l’efficacité d’extinction. Such a characteristic facilitates the filling of the inter-cell space over its entire height and contributes to further improving the extinguishing efficiency.
L’invention vise également un véhicule comprenant un système tel que décrit plus haut. Le véhicule peut être un aéronef ou une automobile. The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a system as described above. The vehicle can be an aircraft or an automobile.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
[Fig. 1 ] La figure 1 illustre, de manière schématique, un exemple de système selon l’invention avec une batterie en fonctionnement normal. [Fig. 1] Figure 1 illustrates, schematically, an example of a system according to the invention with a battery in normal operation.
[Fig. 2] La figure 2 illustre le système de la figure 1 lorsqu’un feu se déclenche au niveau d’une des cellules de la batterie. [Fig. 2] Figure 2 illustrates the system in Figure 1 when a fire breaks out at one of the battery cells.
[Fig. 3] La figure 3 illustre le système de la figure 1 après délivrance de l’agent d’extinction. [Fig. 3] Figure 3 illustrates the system of Figure 1 after delivery of the extinguishing agent.
[Fig. 4] La figure 4 représente l’évolution de la pression de vapeur saturante en fonction de la température pour deux exemples d’agents d’extinction utilisables dans le cadre de l’invention. Description des modes de réalisation [Fig. 4] FIG. 4 represents the evolution of the saturated vapor pressure as a function of the temperature for two examples of extinguishing agents which can be used in the context of the invention. Description of the embodiments
Un exemple de système 1 selon l’invention est illustré schématiquement aux figures 1 à 3. Le système 1 comprend une batterie 10 qui comprend une pluralité de cellules 12 de batterie présentes à l’intérieur d’une enveloppe 14. La batterie 10 est destinée à fournir de la puissance électrique à un circuit électrique. L’enveloppe 14 peut être en matériau métallique. L’enveloppe 14 est munie de bornes (non représentées) destinées au branchement de la batterie 10 au circuit électrique. L’enveloppe 14 peut ou non être munie d’un orifice d’échappement des gaz et d’un orifice pour la circulation d’un fluide de refroidissement (non représentés). Les cellules 12 peuvent être connectées en parallèle ou en série. Les cellules 12 peuvent par exemple être des cellules lithium-ion, des cellules lithium métal ou des cellules lithium-polymère. Les cellules 12 sont espacées les unes des autres par des espaces inter-cellules 13. La batterie 10 peut être utilisée pour fournir l’énergie propulsive dans une automobile ou dans un aéronef à propulsion électrique, ou pour des applications secondaires (non propulsives). La batterie 10 peut encore être utilisée dans d’autres applications, comme dans le domaine naval ou ferroviaire. Le système 1 comprend en outre un dispositif d’extinction 20 d’un feu. Le dispositif d’extinction 20 d’un feu est ici présent à l’intérieur de l’enveloppe 14 et comprend un agent d’extinction 24. On a représenté un exemple de système 1 avec un unique dispositif d’extinction 20 mais on ne sort pas du cadre de l’invention lorsque le système comprend plusieurs dispositifs d’extinction. An example of system 1 according to the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in FIGS. 1 to 3. The system 1 comprises a battery 10 which comprises a plurality of battery cells 12 present inside an envelope 14. The battery 10 is intended to supply electrical power to an electrical circuit. The envelope 14 can be made of metallic material. The casing 14 is provided with terminals (not shown) intended for the connection of the battery 10 to the electrical circuit. The casing 14 may or may not be provided with a gas exhaust port and an orifice for the circulation of a cooling fluid (not shown). The cells 12 can be connected in parallel or in series. The cells 12 can for example be lithium-ion cells, lithium metal cells or lithium-polymer cells. The cells 12 are spaced from each other by inter-cell spaces 13. The battery 10 can be used to provide propellant energy in an automobile or in an electrically propelled aircraft, or for secondary (non-propulsive) applications. The battery 10 can also be used in other applications, such as in the naval or railway field. The system 1 also comprises a device for extinguishing a fire. The device for extinguishing a fire 20 is here present inside the envelope 14 and comprises an extinguishing agent 24. An example of a system 1 has been shown with a single extinguishing device 20, but no does not depart from the scope of the invention when the system comprises several extinguishing devices.
On va maintenant décrire la structure du système 1 lorsque le dispositif d’extinction 20 est dans une première configuration, dite configuration de stockage, qui est illustrée à la figure 1. Cette configuration correspond au cas où aucun feu ne s’est déclenché au niveau des cellules 12 de la batterie 10 et à un fonctionnement normal de celle-ci. Lorsque le dispositif d’extinction 20 est dans la première configuration, la température de l’agent d’extinction 24 est égale à la température TF de fonctionnement de la batterie 10. Dans la première configuration, l’agent d’extinction 24 n’a pas été distribué sur les cellules 12. We will now describe the structure of the system 1 when the extinguishing device 20 is in a first configuration, called the storage configuration, which is illustrated in FIG. 1. This configuration corresponds to the case where no fire has started at cells 12 of battery 10 and normal operation of the latter. When the extinguishing device 20 is in the first configuration, the temperature of the extinguishing agent 24 is equal to the operating temperature TF of the battery 10. In the first configuration, the extinguishing agent 24 does not was not distributed on cells 12.
Le dispositif d’extinction 20 d’un feu comprend un corps 22 contenant l’agent d’extinction liquide 24 et muni d’un orifice de sortie 28 qui est obturé par un obturateur 29. Le dispositif d’extinction 20 comporte l’agent d’extinction 24 liquide ainsi qu’une phase gazeuse 25 qui surmonte l’agent d’extinction 24 liquide. L’orifice de sortie 28, l’agent d’extinction liquide 24 et la phase gazeuse 25 sont superposés. La phase gazeuse 25 est en équilibre avec l’agent d’extinction 24 liquide. L’agent d’extinction 24 liquide est incompressible. La phase gazeuse 25 comprend de l’agent d’extinction à l’état gazeux. L’agent d’extinction 24 liquide peut occuper entre 80% et 99% du volume interne du corps 22. La phase gazeuse 25 peut occuper entre 1 % et 20% du volume interne du corps 22. L’obturateur 29 ferme de manière étanche le corps 22 de sorte que l’agent d’extinction liquide 24 reste stocké dans le dispositif d’extinction 20. L’obturateur 29 est ici sous la forme d’une membrane, par exemple une membrane métallique, par exemple en aluminium, ou une membrane polymérique. Selon une variante, l’obturateur peut être sous la forme d’un clapet, comme un clapet à ressort. Dans la première configuration illustrée à la figure 1 , la phase gazeuse 25 est à une pression suffisamment faible P pour ne pas ouvrir l’obturateur 29 et conserver l’agent d’extinction 24 stocké dans le corps 22. The device for extinguishing a fire comprises a body 22 containing the liquid extinguishing agent 24 and provided with an outlet orifice 28 which is closed by a shutter 29. The extinguishing device 20 comprises the liquid extinguishing agent 24 as well as a gas phase 25 which overcomes the liquid extinguishing agent 24. The outlet 28, the liquid extinguishing agent 24 and the gas phase 25 are superimposed. The gas phase 25 is in equilibrium with the liquid extinguishing agent 24. The liquid extinguishing agent 24 is incompressible. The gas phase 25 comprises extinguishing agent in the gaseous state. The liquid extinguishing agent 24 can occupy between 80% and 99% of the internal volume of the body 22. The gas phase 25 can occupy between 1% and 20% of the internal volume of the body 22. The shutter 29 closes tightly the body 22 so that the liquid extinguishing agent 24 remains stored in the extinguishing device 20. The shutter 29 is here in the form of a membrane, for example a metallic membrane, for example made of aluminum, or a polymer membrane. Alternatively, the shutter may be in the form of a valve, such as a spring valve. In the first configuration illustrated in FIG. 1, the gas phase 25 is at a pressure low enough P not to open the shutter 29 and to keep the extinguishing agent 24 stored in the body 22.
On vient de décrire la structure du système 1 en fonctionnement normal et on va maintenant décrire, en lien avec les figures 2 et 3, l’évolution du système 1 lorsqu’un feu F se déclenche au niveau d’une cellule 12 de la batterie 10. We have just described the structure of system 1 in normal operation and we will now describe, in connection with Figures 2 and 3, the evolution of system 1 when a fire F is triggered at a cell 12 of the battery 10.
La figure 2 montre le système 1 de la figure 1 après apparition d’un feu F au niveau d’une cellule 12. Ce feu F conduit à un accroissement notable de température du dispositif d’extinction 20, et en particulier de l’agent d’extinction 24. Suite au déclenchement du feu F, la température de l’agent d’extinction 24 peut par exemple augmenter d’au moins 50°C, par exemple d’au moins 75°C. L’agent d’extinction 24 est choisi de sorte à présenter une pression de vapeur saturante qui augmente significativement avec la température, ce qui va permettre de déclencher l’extinction en cas d’apparition du feu F. En effet lorsqu’un feu se déclenche, la pression de la phase gazeuse 25 augmente significativement, ce qui résulte en une pression accrue appliquée par l’agent d’extinction liquide 24 sur l’obturateur 29, permettant ainsi l’ouverture de ce dernier. Lorsque la température de l’agent d’extinction 24 passe de TF à TF+50°C, la pression de la phase gazejse 25 augmente d’au moins 20%, par exemple d’au moins 40%, par exemple d’au moins 100%, par exemple d’au moins 200%. Lorsque la pression de vapeur saturante, ou de la phase gazeuse 25, atteint la pression de sortie PS, qui est supérieure à la pression d’ouverture de l’obturateur 29, la pression exercée par l’agent d’extinction liquide 24 sur l’obturateur 29 est suffisante pour ouvrir ce dernier. La pression de sortie PS correspond à la pression de vapeur saturante de l’agent d’extinction 24 à TF+50°C. La pression d’ouverture de l’obturateur 29 correspond à la pression à partir de laquelle l’obturateur 29 s’ouvre. Ainsi, le déplacement de l’équilibre entre l’agent d’extinction liquide 24 et l’agent d’extinction gazeux suite à l’échauffement provoqué par le feu F permet de déclencher la distribution de l’agent d’extinction. La pression de sortie PS peut être supérieure ou égale à 4 bar, par exemple supérieure ou égale à 5 bar, voire à 6 bar. La figure 2 illustre par des flèches la pression appliquée par la phase gazeuse 25 sur l’agent d’extinction 24 liquide et la pression exercée par cet agent d’extinction 24 liquide sur l’obturateur 29. Dans l’exemple illustré aux figures 1 à 3, il est question d’une ouverture de l’obturateur 29 par rupture du fait de la pression exercée par l’agent d’extinction 24. Comme indiqué plus haut, l’ouverture de l’obturateur pourrait en variante se faire sans affecter son intégrité, par exemple par pivotement dans le cas où l’obturateur est sous la forme d’un clapet. FIG. 2 shows the system 1 of FIG. 1 after the appearance of a fire F at the level of a cell 12. This fire F leads to a notable increase in temperature of the extinguishing device 20, and in particular of the agent extinction 24. Following the start of the fire F, the temperature of the extinguishing agent 24 may for example increase by at least 50 ° C, for example by at least 75 ° C. The extinguishing agent 24 is chosen so as to present a saturated vapor pressure which increases significantly with temperature, which will make it possible to initiate extinction in the event of fire F. In fact when a fire breaks out triggers, the pressure of the gas phase 25 increases significantly, which results in an increased pressure applied by the liquid extinguishing agent 24 on the shutter 29, thus allowing the opening of the latter. When the temperature of the extinguishing agent 24 changes from TF to TF + 50 ° C., the pressure of the gas phase 25 increases by at least 20%, for example by at least 40%, for example by minus 100%, for example at least 200%. When the saturated vapor pressure, or of the gas phase 25, reaches the outlet pressure PS, which is higher than the opening pressure of the shutter 29, the pressure exerted by the liquid extinguishing agent 24 on the shutter 29 is sufficient to open the latter. The outlet pressure PS corresponds to the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent 24 at TF + 50 ° C. The opening pressure of the shutter 29 corresponds to the pressure from which the shutter 29 opens. Thus, the displacement of the balance between the liquid extinguishing agent 24 and the gaseous extinguishing agent following the heating caused by the fire F makes it possible to trigger the distribution of the extinguishing agent. The outlet pressure PS can be greater than or equal to 4 bar, for example greater than or equal to 5 bar, or even 6 bar. Figure 2 illustrates by arrows the pressure applied by the gas phase 25 on the liquid extinguishing agent 24 and the pressure exerted by this liquid extinguishing agent 24 on the shutter 29. In the example illustrated in Figures 1 at 3, there is talk of an opening of the shutter 29 by rupture due to the pressure exerted by the extinguishing agent 24. As indicated above, the opening of the shutter could alternatively be done without affect its integrity, for example by pivoting in the case where the shutter is in the form of a valve.
L’ouverture de l’obturateur 29 conduit à la distribution de l’agent d’extinction 24 au niveau des cellules 12. La distribution de l’agent d’extinction 24 au niveau des cellules 12 est schématisée à la figure 3. Les cellules 12 sont en tout ou partie noyées par l’agent d’extinction 24 suite à cette distribution et le feu F est éteint. L’orifice de sortie 28 est en communication avec les cellules 12 de batterie lorsque l’obturateur 29 est ouvert, ce qui correspond à une deuxième configuration du dispositif d’extinction 20 dite configuration d’extinction. Dans l’exemple illustré, l’orifice de sortie 28 débouche directement sur les cellules 12 lorsque l’obturateur 29 est ouvert. L’orifice de sortie 28 peut avantageusement être situé en regard d’un espace 13 inter-cellules comme illustré. Cela permet de faciliter le remplissage de l’espace inter-cellules sur toute sa hauteur et participe à améliorer davantage encore l’efficacité d’extinction. The opening of the shutter 29 leads to the distribution of the extinguishing agent 24 at the level of the cells 12. The distribution of the extinguishing agent 24 at the level of the cells 12 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3. The cells 12 are completely or partially drowned by the extinguishing agent 24 following this distribution and the fire F is extinguished. The outlet port 28 is in communication with the battery cells 12 when the shutter 29 is open, which corresponds to a second configuration of the extinguishing device 20 called the extinction configuration. In the example illustrated, the outlet 28 opens directly onto the cells 12 when the shutter 29 is open. The outlet orifice 28 can advantageously be located opposite an inter-cell space 13 as illustrated. This facilitates the filling of the inter-cell space over its entire height and contributes to further improving the extinguishing efficiency.
La distribution de l’agent d’extinction 24 a permis l’extinction du feu F de manière passive, en mettant à profit l’augmentation significative de la pression à l’intérieur du corps 22 avec l’accroissement de température lié à l’apparition du feu F pour déclencher, de manière passive, l’ouverture de l’obturateur 29 et la distribution de l’agent d’extinction 24 sur les cellules 12. Le système 1 selon l’invention ne nécessite pas d’employer un capteur de température ou une unité de commande pour le déclenchement de l’extinction. L’invention permet ainsi d’éviter des situations de non-déclenchement de l’extinction en cas de défaillance d’un élément électrique.The distribution of the extinguishing agent 24 made it possible to extinguish the fire F passively, taking advantage of the significant increase in the pressure inside the body 22 with the increase in temperature linked to the appearance of the fire F to passively trigger the opening of the shutter 29 and the distribution of the extinguishing agent 24 on the cells 12. The system 1 according to the invention does not require the use of a sensor or a control unit for triggering the extinction. The invention thus makes it possible to avoid situations of non-initiation of extinction in the event of failure of an electrical element.
A titre d’exemple d’agent d’extinction 24 utilisable, on peut par exemple citer le FK-5- 1 -12, correspondant au Novec™ 1230, ou le Novec™ 774. Le choix de l’agent d’extinction 24 est guidé par la température TF de fonctionnement de la batterie. La température TF de fonctionnement de la batterie peut être comprise entre 50 °C et 100°C, par exemple comprise entre 50 °C et 75 °C. Làigure 4 illustre l’évolution de la pression de vapeur saturante en fonction de la température pour les agents Novec™ 1230 et Novec™ 774, on voit que la pression de vapeur saturante du Novec™ 1230 est toujours supérieure à celle du Novec™ 774. On pourra donc privilégier l’emploi du Novec™ 774 pour des batteries dont la température de fonctionnement est supérieure, pour lesquelles on recherchera un déclenchement de l’extinction à de plus hautes températures. As an example of extinguishing agent 24 that can be used, mention may, for example, be made of FK-5-1-12, corresponding to Novec ™ 1230, or Novec ™ 774. The choice of extinguishing agent 24 is guided by the battery operating temperature TF. The operating temperature TF of the battery can be between 50 ° C and 100 ° C, for example between 50 ° C and 75 ° C. Figure 4 illustrates the evolution of the saturated vapor pressure as a function of the temperature for the agents Novec ™ 1230 and Novec ™ 774, we see that the saturated vapor pressure of Novec ™ 1230 is always higher than that of Novec ™ 774. We can therefore favor the use of Novec ™ 774 for batteries whose operating temperature is higher, for which we will seek an extinction trigger at higher temperatures.
A titre d’exemple, lorsque l’on utilise l’agent Novec™ 1230 comme agent d’extinction 24, on peut utiliser un obturateur 29 ayant une pression d’ouverture de 6 bar de telle sorte que le dispositif soit parfaitement étanche à une température de 100°C et qu’il se déclenche avec une grande fiabilité à 130°C. Il va des connaissances générales de l’homme du métier de concevoir l’obturateur 29, en fonction de l’agent d’extinction 24 choisi et des températures rencontrées en fonctionnement, de sorte à déclencher l’extinction à la température souhaitée. By way of example, when the Novec ™ 1230 agent is used as the extinguishing agent 24, it is possible to use a shutter 29 having an opening pressure of 6 bar so that the device is perfectly sealed against a temperature of 100 ° C and that it trips with great reliability at 130 ° C. It is general knowledge of a person skilled in the art to design the shutter 29, as a function of the extinguishing agent 24 chosen and the temperatures encountered in operation, so as to trigger the extinction at the desired temperature.
On a représenté, en lien avec les figures 1 à 3, une batterie 10 dans laquelle le dispositif d’extinction 20 est présent. On ne sort toutefois pas du cadre de l’invention si le dispositif d’extinction est présent à l’extérieur de la batterie mais au voisinage de cette dernière de sorte à subir l’élévation de la température de ladite au moins une des cellules de la batterie afin que l’extinction soit déclenchée. Dans ce cas, l’orifice de sortie du dispositif d’extinction peut être relié par un canal à l’intérieur de la batterie comprenant les cellules. Dans ce cas, l’orifice de sortie ne débouche pas directement sur les cellules mais est en communication avec ces dernières par l’intermédiaire du canal. There is shown, in connection with Figures 1 to 3, a battery 10 in which the extinguishing device 20 is present. It is not, however, outside the scope of the invention if the extinguishing device is present outside the battery but in the vicinity of the latter so as to undergo the rise in temperature of said at least one of the cells. the battery so that the extinction is triggered. In this case, the outlet of the extinguishing device can be connected by a channel inside the battery comprising the cells. In this case, the outlet orifice does not lead directly to the cells but is in communication with the latter via the channel.
L’expression « compris(e) entre ... et ... » doit se comprendre comme incluant les bornes. The expression "included between ... and ..." must be understood as including the limits.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1] Système (1) adapté à l'extinction d'un feu (F) de batterie (10), comprenant : [Claim 1] System (1) adapted to extinguishing a battery fire (F) (10), comprising:
- une batterie comprenant une pluralité de cellules (12) de batterie, et - a battery comprising a plurality of battery cells (12), and
- un dispositif d'extinction (20) d'un feu comprenant un corps (22) contenant un agent d'extinction (24) liquide et une phase gazeuse (25) surmontant l'agent d'extinction liquide, le corps étant muni d'un orifice (28) de sortie obturé par un obturateur (29), - a device for extinguishing a fire comprising a body (22) containing a liquid extinguishing agent (24) and a gaseous phase (25) surmounting the liquid extinguishing agent, the body being provided with an outlet orifice (28) closed by a shutter (29),
l'agent d'extinction présentant une pression de vapeur saturante qui augmente d'au moins 20% pour atteindre une pression de sortie (PS) lorsque la température de l'agent d'extinction passe de TF à TF+50°C, où TF désigne une température de fonctionnement de la batterie qui est comprise entre 50°C et 150°C, et en ce que ladite pression de sortie est supérieure à une pression d'ouverture de l'obturateur de sorte à ouvrir l'obturateur et à distribuer l'agent d'extinction sur les cellules de la batterie lorsque la température de l'agent d'extinction atteint TF+50°C. the extinguishing agent having a saturated vapor pressure which increases by at least 20% to reach an outlet pressure (PS) when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF to TF + 50 ° C, where TF designates a battery operating temperature which is between 50 ° C and 150 ° C, and in that said outlet pressure is higher than a shutter opening pressure so as to open the shutter and to distribute the extinguishing agent on the battery cells when the temperature of the extinguishing agent reaches TF + 50 ° C.
[Revendication 2] Système (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pression de vapeur saturante de l'agent d'extinction (24) augmente d'au moins 40% lorsque la température de l'agent d'extinction passe de TF à TF+50°C. [Claim 2] The system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent (24) increases by at least 40% when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF at TF + 50 ° C.
[Revendication 3] Système (1) selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la pression de vapeur saturante de l'agent d'extinction (24) augmente d'au moins 100% lorsque la température de l'agent d'extinction passe de TF à TF+50°C. [Claim 3] System (1) according to claim 2, in which the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent (24) increases by at least 100% when the temperature of the extinguishing agent changes from TF at TF + 50 ° C.
[Revendication 4] Système (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la pression de vapeur saturante de l'agent d'extinction (24) est inférieure ou égale à 2,5 bar à 75°C et supérieure ou égale à 4 bar à 125°C. [Claim 4] System (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent (24) is less than or equal to 2.5 bar at 75 ° C and greater than or equal to 4 bar at 125 ° C.
[Revendication 5] Système (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'orifice de sortie (28) est en regard d'un espace (13) inter- cellules. [Claim 5] System (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the outlet orifice (28) faces a space (13) between cells.
[Revendication 6] Système (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la température TF de fonctionnement de la batterie (10) est comprise entre 50°C et 100°C. [Claim 6] System (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the operating temperature TF of the battery (10) is between 50 ° C and 100 ° C.
[Revendication 7] Système selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la [Claim 7] The system of claim 6, wherein the
température TF de fonctionnement de la batterie (10) est comprise entre 50°C et 75°C. TF operating temperature of the battery (10) is between 50 ° C and 75 ° C.
[Revendication 8] Véhicule comprenant au moins un système (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7. [Claim 8] Vehicle comprising at least one system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
[Revendication 9] Véhicule selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le véhicule est un aéronef. [Claim 9] Vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the vehicle is an aircraft.
[Revendication 10] Véhicule selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le véhicule est une automobile. [Claim 10] Vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the vehicle is an automobile.
PCT/FR2019/053015 2018-12-11 2019-12-11 System adapted for extinguishing a battery fire WO2020120903A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1872681 2018-12-11
FR1872681A FR3089425B1 (en) 2018-12-11 2018-12-11 System suitable for extinguishing a battery fire

Publications (1)

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WO2020120903A1 true WO2020120903A1 (en) 2020-06-18

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FR (1) FR3089425B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2020120903A1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013006121A1 (en) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-10 Autoliv Development Ab A battery safety arrangement for a motor vehicle
CN207474524U (en) * 2017-09-29 2018-06-08 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 A kind of vehicle and its battery case, battery modules, fire extinguishing component, fire extinguishment container

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013006121A1 (en) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-10 Autoliv Development Ab A battery safety arrangement for a motor vehicle
CN207474524U (en) * 2017-09-29 2018-06-08 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 A kind of vehicle and its battery case, battery modules, fire extinguishing component, fire extinguishment container

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
ANONYMOUS: "3M(TM) Novec(TM) 1230 Fire Protection Fluid", 31 January 2018 (2018-01-31), XP055615863, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/124688O/3m-novec-1230-fire-protection-fluid.pdf> [retrieved on 20190827] *

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FR3089425B1 (en) 2021-07-09
FR3089425A1 (en) 2020-06-12

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