WO2020119652A1 - 一种基于微波腔的复合材料成形制造装置 - Google Patents

一种基于微波腔的复合材料成形制造装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020119652A1
WO2020119652A1 PCT/CN2019/124106 CN2019124106W WO2020119652A1 WO 2020119652 A1 WO2020119652 A1 WO 2020119652A1 CN 2019124106 W CN2019124106 W CN 2019124106W WO 2020119652 A1 WO2020119652 A1 WO 2020119652A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composite material
vibration
microwave
microwave heating
hammer
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/124106
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
湛利华
关成龙
戴光明
肖瑜
杨晓波
吴欣桐
赵国庆
彭益丰
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Central South University
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Central South University
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201811512585.XA external-priority patent/CN109367062A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811513753.7A external-priority patent/CN109367065A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811513768.3A external-priority patent/CN109353033A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811512587.9A external-priority patent/CN109367063A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811513767.9A external-priority patent/CN109367067A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811512612.3A external-priority patent/CN109367064A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811512575.6A external-priority patent/CN109367061A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811513754.1A external-priority patent/CN109367066A/zh
Application filed by Central South University filed Critical Central South University
Publication of WO2020119652A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020119652A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of composite material curing molding, and in particular relates to a composite material curing device containing a prism-shaped microwave cavity with a regular polygonal cross section.
  • the autoclave process is currently the most commonly used process for curing and forming high-performance resin-based composite materials for aerospace.
  • the high-temperature compressed gas inside the autoclave is used to generate pressure to heat and press the composite prepreg to complete the curing process.
  • advanced resin-based carbon fiber reinforced composite materials used in aerospace generally require higher temperatures and curing pressures during curing to reduce defects generated within the material during curing, to ensure the quality of the composite parts after curing, therefore, heat
  • the pressure tank curing molding process can well meet the molding needs of such high-performance composite parts.
  • the autoclave system is usually composed of a tank system, a pressurization system, a heating system, a cooling system, a vacuum system, and a control system.
  • the tank system is divided into an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder.
  • the heating and cooling systems are located between the inner and outer cylinders. At the highest operating temperature, the surface temperature of the tank must not exceed 60°C.
  • the heating rate is usually adjustable from 1-5°C/min.
  • the cooling system uses Circulating water cooling, the cooling rate is usually adjustable from 0.5-5°C/min; the pressure in the autoclave can usually reach 1.5-2.5MPa, and it is equipped with a safety explosion-proof device; the vacuum system makes a certain degree of vacuum between the product and the mold So that the pressure in the tank acts on the product; the control system is equipped with indication and recording instruments for temperature, pressure, and vacuum.
  • the autoclave process is to heat the air in the tank to heat the parts from the outside.
  • the cooperation of the heating system, the pressurization system, and the blast system makes the air and pressure in the tank relatively uniform, the heating During curing, when the heat is transferred from the outside of the material to the inside, uneven temperature distribution will occur inside the material, which will make the degree of curing uneven and produce large internal stresses inside the material, affecting the forming quality of the parts.
  • Microwave has the advantages of selective heating, fast heating speed, uniform heating, strong penetration, small thermal inertia, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • the microwave curing process has greatly increased the heating rate, usually above 5 °C/min, so it can significantly reduce the curing time, reduce production costs, and has huge development potential.
  • the molding time of the composite material part is significantly reduced, and the impregnation between the resin and the fiber is also caused while restricting the exhaust of the air inside the material, making the interior of the composite material after molding
  • CN201410295387 proposes a method for uniform temperature distribution of microwave-pressure-cured composite materials.
  • the composite material is placed in a polygonal cavity, and after multiple reflections in the cavity by microwaves, it is incident on the surface and inside of the material, and the gas pressure is passed through the pressure After the container is provided, it acts on the surface of the material;
  • CN201610030557 proposes a microwave heating device and method.
  • a microwave absorbing material is placed in the microwave cavity, and a microwave local shield composed of a microwave shielding region and a microwave transmission region is covered on the outer surface of the microwave absorbing material , And then preferentially heat and solidify the local parts of the composite material;
  • CN201410780220 designed a molding device that applies a balanced liquid pressure to the upper and lower surfaces of the composite material during the microwave heating of the composite material to effectively compact the composite material.
  • CN201610025303 proposes a composite energy field heating device, including a microwave heating device and a hot pressing tank, sending microwaves into the microwave cavity through the microwave heating device, and pressing the high pressure compacted composite material provided by the hot pressing tank;
  • patent application CN201410471231 , CN201410471234, CN201510109343 and other documents also disclose the use of autoclave combined with microwave technology for heating and curing composite materials.
  • the present invention provides a composite material curing device containing a prism-shaped microwave cavity with a regular polygonal cross-section.
  • the device includes a prism-shaped microwave heating cavity with a regular polygonal cross-section, a microwave generator, a vibratory gas hammer, a material support plate, and a vacuuming part
  • the regular polygon is between five sides and twelve sides, and each of the five to twelve sides of the prism is provided with a length direction along the axis of the microwave heating cavity and is used to feed microwaves into the microwave heating cavity Crack antenna, the microwave generator sends microwaves to the microwave heating cavity for heating the composite material, the material holding plate is arranged in the microwave heating cavity, and the material holding plate is used to directly or indirectly place the composite material
  • the vacuuming part includes a vacuum bag and a vacuum tube, which are used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time and use the air pressure outside the vacuum bag to compact the part;
  • the vibrating gas hammer is
  • the device further includes a rack (1) for supporting the horizontal placement of the microwave heating chamber, an operation control system (2) for controlling the microwave generator and the vibrating gas hammer, and A rectangular furnace door (30) at one axial end of the microwave heating cavity, a sight glass (4) provided on the furnace door for observing the situation in the microwave heating cavity, and one end disposed inside the composite material to detect the interior of the composite material in real time Temperature measuring optical fiber (7), vacuum joint (8) for connecting the vacuum tube and the vacuum bag, a support plate (11) provided inside the microwave heating cavity for supporting the vibratory gas hammer, and provided outside the composite material and The air-permeable felt (13) in the vacuum bag, the wave-transmitting die plate (16) provided on the material supporting plate to support the composite material to be processed, and the acceleration sensor for detecting the vibration acceleration provided by the vibratory air hammer in real time ( 17).
  • a rack (1) for supporting the horizontal placement of the microwave heating chamber
  • an operation control system (2) for controlling the microwave generator and the vibrating gas hammer
  • the device further includes an electric heating element that is also used to heat the composite material.
  • the device further includes a magnetron (24), an excitation cavity (25), and a microwave feed. Flange (26), high-voltage switching power supply (28) and high-voltage switching power supply box (29).
  • the vibratory gas hammer provides random uninterrupted vibration in the vertical direction of acceleration for the composite material.
  • the vibratory gas hammer is evenly distributed under the material pallet.
  • the microwave cavity has a regular octagonal cross section.
  • the composite material is T800 carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg
  • the vibratory gas hammer is capable of providing vibration to a vibration frequency of less than 2000 Hz and vibration acceleration of more than 3 g to the composite material Vibrating air hammer.
  • the vibratory gas hammer is a vibratory gas hammer capable of providing vibration of a vibration frequency above 10 Hz and a vibration acceleration of below 50 g to the composite material, preferably the vibratory gas hammer is capable of
  • the composite material is provided with a vibration air hammer having a vibration frequency of 20 Hz or more and a vibration hammer capable of providing a vibration acceleration of 30 g or less.
  • the vibratory gas hammer is a vibratory gas hammer that can provide the composite material with vibration at least part of the vibration frequency of 30 to 1000 Hz and vibration that can provide at least part of the vibration acceleration of 5 to 20 g.
  • the invention also provides a composite material forming and manufacturing device for a microwave cavity containing a cooling component.
  • the device includes a microwave heating cavity, a microwave generator, a vibrating gas hammer, a material pallet, a cooling component, and a vacuuming component; the microwave generation The device sends microwaves into the microwave heating cavity for heating the composite material, the material holding plate is arranged in the microwave heating cavity, and the material holding plate is used to directly or indirectly place the composite material to be processed;
  • the pumping Vacuum components include vacuum bags and vacuum tubes, which are used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time and use the air pressure outside the vacuum bag to compact the product;
  • the vibratory gas hammer can provide the material pallet and the composite material Vibration air hammers with vibration frequencies below 5000 Hz and vibrations capable of providing vibration acceleration in the vertical direction of 2 g or more;
  • the cooling component is a circulating water cooling component for heat dissipation and cooling of the microwave generator.
  • the cooling component includes a cooling water tank, a cooling water pump, and a radiator.
  • the invention also provides a composite material forming and manufacturing device based on a microwave cavity.
  • the device includes a microwave heating cavity, a microwave generator, a vibrating gas hammer, a material holding plate, a compressed air supply component and a vacuum pumping component;
  • the microwave generator Sending microwaves into the microwave heating cavity for heating the composite material, the material holding plate is arranged in the microwave heating cavity, the material holding plate is used to directly or indirectly place the composite material to be processed;
  • the vacuum include a vacuum bag and a vacuum tube, which are used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time and use the air pressure outside the vacuum bag to compact the product;
  • the vibratory gas hammer can provide 5000Hz to the material pallet and composite material Vibration at the following vibration frequencies and vibration air hammers that can provide vibration acceleration in the vertical direction of 2g or more;
  • the compressed air supply components include a compressed air source, a vibration air hammer air pipe, and lubrication and reduction for the vibration air hammer Wor
  • the compressed air source is provided by an air compressor (18), and the compressed air supply component further includes an air filter (19) for cleaning compressed air provided in the air compressor ).
  • the invention also provides a composite material forming and manufacturing device that uniformly receives microwave radiation.
  • the device includes a microwave heating cavity, a microwave generator, a vibrating gas hammer, a material pallet, a material reciprocating translation component and a vacuuming component; the microwave generation The device sends microwaves into the microwave heating cavity for heating the composite material, the material holding plate is arranged in the microwave heating cavity, and the material holding plate is used to directly or indirectly place the composite material to be processed;
  • the pumping Vacuum components include vacuum bags and vacuum tubes, which are used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time and use the air pressure outside the vacuum bag to compact the product;
  • the vibratory gas hammer can provide the material pallet and the composite material Vibration with a vibration frequency below 5000Hz and a vibratory air hammer that can provide vibration acceleration of more than 2g in the vertical direction;
  • the reciprocating translation of the material is a component that can directly or indirectly drive the composite material to be processed along a microwave heating cavity. A component
  • the microwave heating cavity has a prism shape with a regular polygonal cross-section, and the reciprocating translation member of the material directly or indirectly drives the composite material to be processed to reciprocate along the axis of the microwave heating cavity Moving parts.
  • the material reciprocating translation component includes a guide rail (221), a moving guide wheel (211) movable on the guide rail, and a material support plate (9) for connecting the material to reciprocate A moving swing mechanism (231), a stepping motor (251) and a drive shaft (241) for powering the swing mechanism.
  • the material reciprocating translation component further includes a transmission gear (291), a first bearing and a bearing housing (311) for connecting the stepper motor (251) and the transmission shaft (241), and the first A coupling (321).
  • the invention also provides a composite material forming and manufacturing device for microwave uniform radiation.
  • the device includes a microwave heating cavity, a microwave generator, a vibrating gas hammer, a material pallet, a microwave mode agitator, and a vacuuming component;
  • the microwave generator Sending microwaves into the microwave heating cavity for heating the composite material, the material holding plate is arranged in the microwave heating cavity, the material holding plate is used to directly or indirectly place the composite material to be processed;
  • the vacuum include a vacuum bag and a vacuum tube, which are used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time and use the air pressure outside the vacuum bag to compact the product;
  • the vibratory gas hammer can provide 5000Hz to the material pallet and composite material Vibration at the following vibration frequencies and vibration gas hammers that can provide vibrations with vibration acceleration in the vertical direction of 2g or more;
  • the microwave mode stirrer includes a stirring motor for driving the blades to rotate, and the blades are metal blades for reflecting microwaves It makes the microwave radiation in
  • the microwave mode stirrer further includes a second coupling (232) and a transmission sprocket (242) connected between the stirring motor and the metal blade, and the metal blade passes through the first
  • the second bearing and bearing seat (262) are directly or indirectly fixed on the microwave heating cavity.
  • the metal blade is a flat stirring blade (252) or a spiral stirring blade (272).
  • the microwave heating cavity has a prism shape with a regular polygonal cross section, and the number of the microwave mode stirrers is equal to the number of sides of the regular polygon.
  • the devices are connected by a transmission chain (282).
  • the invention also provides a composite material forming manufacturing device, which includes a microwave heating cavity, a microwave generator, a vibrating gas hammer, a material holding plate, a material reciprocating translation component, a microwave mode agitator and a vacuuming component; the microwave generation The device sends microwaves into the microwave heating cavity for heating the composite material, the material holding plate is arranged in the microwave heating cavity, and the material holding plate is used to directly or indirectly place the composite material to be processed;
  • the pumping Vacuum components include vacuum bags and vacuum tubes, which are used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time and use the air pressure outside the vacuum bag to compact the product;
  • the vibratory gas hammer can provide the material pallet and the composite material Vibration with a vibration frequency below 5000Hz and a vibratory air hammer that can provide vibration acceleration of more than 2g in the vertical direction;
  • the reciprocating translation of the material is a component that can directly or indirectly drive the composite material to be processed along a microwave heating cavity.
  • the microwave heating cavity has a prism shape with a regular polygonal cross-section, and the reciprocating translation member of the material directly or indirectly drives the composite material to be processed to reciprocate along the axis of the microwave heating cavity Moving parts.
  • the material reciprocating translation component includes a guide rail (221), a moving guide wheel (211) movable on the guide rail, and a material support plate (9) for connecting the material to reciprocate A moving swing mechanism (231), a stepping motor (251) and a drive shaft (241) for powering the swing mechanism.
  • the material reciprocating translation component further includes a transmission gear (291), a first bearing and a bearing housing (311) for connecting the stepper motor (251) and the transmission shaft (241), and the first A coupling (321).
  • the microwave mode stirrer further includes a second coupling (232) and a transmission sprocket (242) connected between the stirring motor and the metal blade, and the metal blade passes through the first
  • the second bearing and bearing seat (262) are directly or indirectly fixed on the microwave heating cavity.
  • the metal blade is a flat stirring blade (252) or a spiral stirring blade (272).
  • the microwave heating cavity has a prism shape with a regular polygonal cross section, and the number of the microwave mode stirrers is equal to the number of sides of the regular polygon.
  • the devices are connected by a transmission chain (282).
  • the invention also provides a composite material curing device containing a pressure-resistant microwave cavity, the device includes a microwave heating cavity, a microwave generator, a vibratory gas hammer, a material support plate, a microwave heating cavity pressurizing component and a vacuum pump that can be tightly arranged Components;
  • the microwave generator sends microwaves to the microwave heating cavity for heating the composite material, the material pallet is set in the microwave heating cavity, the material pallet is used to directly or indirectly place the composite material to be processed Parts;
  • the vacuuming parts include vacuum bags and vacuum tubes, which are used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time and use the air pressure outside the vacuum bag to compact the parts;
  • the vibrating gas hammer is capable of The pallet and the composite material provide vibration with a vibration frequency below 5000 Hz and a vibration gas hammer capable of providing vibration with a vibration acceleration in the vertical direction of 2 g or more;
  • the microwave heating chamber pressurizing component includes at least one connected to the microwave cavity for The microwave heating chamber that feed
  • the device further includes an air compressor (18), an air filter (19) and a lubricator (20), and the vibrating gas hammer air pipe (61) and the microwave heating chamber are pressurized and compressed
  • the air pipes (62) are all connected to the air compressor (18), the lubricator is used to provide lubrication and reduce wear to the vibratory air hammer, and the air filter is used to clean the compressed air provided in the air compressor.
  • the invention also provides a composite material curing device including microwave heating, the device includes a prism-shaped microwave heating cavity with a regular polygonal cross-section, a microwave generator, a vibratory gas hammer, a material holding plate, a central rotary shaft, and a vacuum pumping part;
  • the microwave generator sends microwaves to the microwave heating cavity for heating the composite material, the material holding plate is arranged in the microwave heating cavity, and the material holding plate is used to directly or indirectly place the composite material to be processed;
  • the vacuum evacuation component includes a vacuum bag and a vacuum tube, which are used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time and use the air pressure outside the vacuum bag to compact the part;
  • the vibratory gas hammer is capable of supporting the material and
  • the composite material provides vibration with a vibration frequency below 5000 Hz and a vibratory gas hammer capable of providing vibration acceleration in the vertical direction of more than 2 g;
  • the central rotary shaft is located at the axial center of the microwave heating cavity, and
  • the rotating body composite material part with a symmetrical cross section is one of a prismatic part, an ellipsoidal part, and a cylindrical part with a regular polygonal cross section.
  • the device further includes an upper tool and a lower tool assisting tool for sheathing the rotating body composite material on the central rotating shaft.
  • the device further includes a vibration processing auxiliary tool that directly or indirectly fixes the rotating body composite material piece with the material pallet.
  • the present invention provides a multi-field coupled composite energy field such as a microwave energy field and a vibration acceleration field in a vertical direction, so that the internal temperature field and degree of curing are uniform when the composite material is heated and cured.
  • the device provided by the invention enables the heating and curing of the composite material to be truly uniform everywhere.
  • the invention can realize the uniform distribution of the internal temperature of the composite material part and the synchronization of the internal and external curing of the part, thereby greatly reducing the probability of various defects such as delamination, deformation, cracking, residual stress and the like of the cured part.
  • the scrap rate caused by the uneven internal temperature is greatly reduced, which improves the production quality and production efficiency of the product.
  • the present invention is combined with computer automatic control technology, and the device provided by the present invention can be used to automatically cure the composite energy field of the composite material.
  • the curing device and curing method of the present invention can make the composite material prepreg cure under atmospheric pressure/low pressure conditions to obtain parts with excellent performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the device structure of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the device structure of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the device structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a partial structure of the device structure shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the device structure of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of a partial structure of the device structure shown in FIG. 5.
  • the flat stirring blade 252 is used in FIG. 6-A, and the spiral stirring blade 272 is used in FIG. 6-B.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the mode agitator of the device structure shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of the device structure of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of the device structure of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic front view of the device structure of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vibrating component containing the vibrating gas hammer is also called a vibration exciter or a vibration generator. It is a device that uses electric, electro-hydraulic, piezoelectric or other principles to obtain mechanical vibration. Higher acceleration and higher operating frequency can be achieved with a smaller table.
  • the vibration test is mainly divided into sinusoidal vibration and random vibration.
  • the vibrating parts with vibrating air hammer are suitable for the relevant vibration test of samples in the laboratories and production lines of automobile parts, electronic components, components, medicine, food, furniture, gifts, ceramics, packaging and other industries.
  • the random vibration in the vertical direction generated by the vibrating part containing the vibrating air hammer is used in the curing process of the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material, so that the composite material prepreg is cured into a qualified composite material part .
  • the curing principle in the present invention refers to the concrete vibrating principle. Specifically, when mixing concrete pouring components with a concrete mixer, the air bubbles must be eliminated and tamped to make the concrete densely combined and eliminate the phenomenon of concrete honeycomb pits to improve its strength and ensure the quality of the concrete components.
  • the process of eliminating air bubbles and tamping the concrete mentioned above is concrete vibrating.
  • the low-frequency vibration frequency is 25 ⁇ 50HZ; the intermediate frequency type is 83 ⁇ 133HZ; the high-frequency type is 167HZ or more.
  • the present invention is different from concrete vibrating.
  • the vibration frequency of the present invention is not limited to the frequency of concrete vibrating.
  • concrete vibrating belongs to cold curing, and the present invention belongs to thermal curing process.
  • the present invention uses more than 2g
  • the vibration acceleration in the direction of vertical downward vibration vibrates, while the vibration acceleration direction in concrete vibration is generally disordered.
  • the present invention can also test the secondary vibration accordingly to observe its effect on the thermal curing of the composite material.
  • the vibrating part containing the vibrating gas hammer in the present invention can use the now mature technology, such as a commercially available "accelerated life tester", the vibrating part containing the vibrating gas hammer itself is dedicated to accelerated destruction testing of product life, and In the present invention, such a vibrating member containing a vibrating gas hammer is used to replace the high pressure in the autoclave to make the curing effect of the carbon fiber resin-based composite material better.
  • the present invention has designed a waveguide theory based on microwave technology and relevant knowledge of mechanical vibration to design a vibration treatment and microwave
  • the vibrating microwave composite forming manufacturing system for curing composite materials can significantly reduce the molding pressure and shorten the forming time of the composite materials, and well guarantee the quality of the formed parts to meet the energy saving and environmental protection of the composite material components, high quality and efficient forming. Engineering needs.
  • Vibration microwave composite forming manufacturing system mainly includes microwave heating system, vibration system, control system, auxiliary system and so on.
  • the microwave heating system consists of microwave heating cavity, microwave generator, crack antenna, microwave heating uniformity adjustment system and other related components. Its main function is to feed microwave into the cavity efficiently and evenly, so that the internal parts can be obtained. Heat evenly.
  • the microwave heating cavity adopts a regular polygonal structure (taking a regular octagon as an example). Eight microwave generators with a single power of 1kW can be installed.
  • the microwave generator is composed of a magnetron, a strong excitation, and a microwave feeding flange.
  • the power of the device can be individually and continuously adjustable between 100W-1000W, and the total power is 8kW; there are many types of circuit channels and reserved holes on the cavity: including temperature measurement device channels, vibration exciter circuit channels, stress Strain test channel, vacuum tube channel, central rotary shaft reserved hole, etc., while ensuring the normal operation of the entire manufacturing system, it can also realize real-time monitoring and control of various state parameters inside the cavity; eight sets of crack antennas are installed inside the cavity, using The feeding method of the slit antenna introduces the microwave with a frequency of 2.45GHz ⁇ 25MHz into the cavity of the microwave heating device; there are eight sets of matching microwave power supplies, and the output power is continuously adjustable in the range of 0.1-1.0kW; the uniformity of microwave heating
  • the adjustment system includes a material swing mechanism and a mode agitator.
  • the material swing mechanism uses a stepping motor to drive the rack and pinion mechanism to swing the material pallet.
  • the swing range is 50-200mm, the amplitude is continuously adjustable, the swing speed is 400mm/min, and the stainless steel rail
  • the two ends are welded and fixed to the end frame of the microwave heating cavity.
  • the maximum load-bearing capacity of the material pallet is 250kg.
  • the lower part is connected to the vibrating air hammer and placed on the moving rail. It is made of wave-transmitting materials that can withstand random vibration for a long time; mode stirring
  • the stirring blade of the device rotates with the axis of the microwave heating chamber as the axis of rotation.
  • the speed can be adjusted continuously in the range of 1-10r/min.
  • the stirring blade adopts two modes of flat plate and spiral.
  • the material is stainless steel.
  • the mode-type mixers are connected by a sprocket chain and driven by a stirring motor.
  • the overall structure of the vibration system includes a vibrating air hammer, a support plate, and a source of compressed air.
  • Two support plates are used to fix the air hammer.
  • the material is Q235 structural steel.
  • the two ends of the plate are also welded to the end frame of the microwave heating chamber; one end of the vibrating air hammer is connected to the fixed support plate, and the other end is connected to the material support. Board to connect.
  • the material pallet is in a random vibration state; the screw air compressor is used to provide the compressed air source for the air hammer, and the double screw meshing compression principle is adopted, which has the advantages of stable operation, clean air source, and small pressure fluctuation.
  • the maximum acceleration that the vibration system can provide is 50g, the acceleration stability is ⁇ 1g (within one minute), and the vibration frequency is 10-5000Hz.
  • the vibration system is also equipped with an acceleration sensor on the material pallet for real-time monitoring of the vibration acceleration of the material pallet.
  • the control system mainly includes the control of the microwave heating system and the control of the vibration system.
  • the temperature measurement module of the microwave heating system is equipped with 9 temperature measurement channels, which can simultaneously collect the temperature of up to 9 different positions of the parts placed in the microwave heating cavity through 9 temperature measurement optical fibers, and transmit the obtained information to the data acquisition instrument.
  • the data acquisition instrument analyzes and processes the data and transmits it to the microwave heating control system.
  • the control system sends a signal to the microwave power control module to adjust the microwave power generated by the microwave generator.
  • the microwave heating control system can independently adjust the feeding power of the eight microwave generators located on the heating cavity according to the collected multiple data. By entering the temperature curve in the control system in advance, the microwave heating system can achieve the cavity Automatic heating of internal parts.
  • the vibration control system can control the material pallet to perform random vibration at different accelerations by adjusting the intake and exhaust volume of the vibration air hammer per unit time, and can make the pallet perform displacement operations such as rising and falling.
  • the acceleration sensor placed on the material pallet collects data and transmits the data to the control module.
  • the control module sets the vibration time and vibration acceleration of the vibration platform, and completes various real-time control and main parameter collection.
  • the microwave control system and the vibration control system can work together. By inputting the forming process curve of the whole process, the automatic forming and manufacturing of the composite material component under the vibration microwave composite energy field is realized.
  • the auxiliary system mainly includes circulating cooling water system, vacuum system, air filter and lubricator.
  • the circulating water cooling system includes a water pump, a matching water tank and a radiator for heat dissipation and cooling of the microwave generator.
  • the flow rate of the water pump is 2 cubic meters per hour, and the heat exchange of the radiator is 5kW;
  • the vacuum system is used to make the parts and mold
  • the parts form a vacuum, and the atmospheric pressure outside the vacuum bag can compact the parts and improve the quality of the parts.
  • the vacuum system includes vacuum nozzles, quick couplings, vacuum tubes and other structures.
  • the equipment included in the vacuum system of the present invention is made of polytetrafluoroethylene;
  • the air filter is The cylindrical component has a filter element inside to ensure that the compressed air entering the vibration system is clean and reduces the wear of the air hammer;
  • the oil mist device is used for the lubrication of the vibratory air hammer, which reduces the wear of the air hammer during the vibration process and increases the service life.
  • the prepreg Place the composite prepreg (T800/X850 as an example) on a wave-transmitting mold that can withstand vibration for a long time.
  • the prepreg is buried with a temperature measuring fiber (multiple can be buried in different positions), and then in turn After placing the breathable felt, vacuum nozzle, and vacuum bag, use sealant to seal, use the pressure plate to fix the mold and the material pallet (can be connected by bolts), connect the temperature measurement fiber, the vacuum nozzle and the temperature measurement module and vacuum system of the equipment Make the connection and close the furnace door.
  • the molding process curve is set by an external controller, including vibration acceleration, vibration time, microwave heating rate, holding temperature, holding time and other parameters.
  • the microwave heating rate changes the microwave generator feed power automatically according to the real-time collected temperature through the microwave control system Regulation is achieved.
  • microwave uniformity adjustment system Opens the vacuum system, microwave uniformity adjustment system, auxiliary system, etc. of the equipment, run the equipment, and monitor the inside of the cavity in real time through the sight glass on the furnace door, temperature, acceleration sensor and other devices to realize the vibration of the composite material component After pre-treatment, the microwave is used to form the manufacturing process.
  • the invention not only performs the vibration microwave composite forming on the composite material parts of the flat plate and the complex structure profile, but also realizes the forming manufacturing of the rotating body structural parts by adding the central rotating shaft and the matching tooling.
  • the hammer core of the vibrating air hammer will continuously extend from the cylinder body, and the oil mist device will lubricate the friction between the hammer core and the cylinder body.
  • the microwave heating chamber can be hermetically set and can withstand a certain pressure, for example, withstand a gauge pressure of 0 to 0.1 MPa, by inputting compressed air into the microwave heating chamber
  • the pressure gauge pressure in the microwave cavity is 0 to 0.1 MPa.
  • the pressure test means that a certain gauge pressure is formed in the microwave heating chamber to provide a certain external pressure to the composite material part.
  • the compressed air is introduced into the microwave heating chamber through the air compressor 18, so that a low-pressure gauge pressure is formed in the microwave heating chamber.
  • the performance of the composite material part can be further improved.
  • the device of the present invention uses a vibrating air hammer and a microwave generator in combination, so that it can be used in the following four methods of curing composite materials:
  • the composite material is evacuated, and the environment of the composite material is atmospheric pressure/low pressure.
  • the composite material is kept at 80°C for 30 minutes after vibration treatment, the vibration is stopped, and the temperature is directly increased from 80°C to 180°C for thermal curing.
  • the electric and microwave heating composite thermal field heats and cures the composite material.
  • the composite thermal field of the composite material The heating rate is 3 ⁇ 5°C/min.
  • vacuum treatment is continued on the composite material, and the external pressure of 0.1MPa is applied to the composite material. After heating up to 180°C and holding for 150min, the composite material can be obtained after cooling with the furnace.
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.31 to 0.39%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 98.56 to 101.23 MPa.
  • the vibration environment of the vibrating gas hammer is: three-axis six-degree-of-freedom super-Gaussian random vibration, its maximum acceleration is 50g or 75g, its vibration frequency is 10-5000Hz, and its working temperature range is -100 °C ⁇ +200°C.
  • the vibration platform uses an external air compressor as a power source and continuously uses a vibration air hammer to provide a stable vibration source. During the vibration process, the vibration is transmitted from the vibration air hammer to the composite material in the vertical direction.
  • the device of the present invention is used to cure the T800 composite material with a vibration acceleration of 15 g, and other conditions are the same as in Example 1.
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.35%-0.42%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 97.65-99.54 MPa.
  • the heat preservation stage is heat preservation under atmospheric pressure/low pressure, and other conditions are the same as in Example 1.
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.35%-0.45%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 93.92-97.18 MPa.
  • This comparative example uses a hot-pressing tank alone to perform high-temperature and high-pressure overall curing of the T800 composite material.
  • the curing pressure is 0.6 MPa.
  • the electric heating in the hot-pressing tank causes the temperature of the composite material to increase from room temperature to 1.5°C/min to 180°C, and to After 180°C, keep it warm for 150min, and then get the composite material after cooling in the furnace. Vacuum treatment of the composite material is carried out during the whole curing process.
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part was 0.36%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part was 98.15Mpa.
  • This comparison example uses microwave alone to solidify the T800 composite material at high temperature under vacuum, and the external pressure is 0.1Mpa gauge pressure. Microwave heating makes the temperature of the composite material increase from room temperature at 3 ⁇ 5°C/min to 180°C, and heat up to 180°C and keep for 150min. After the furnace is cooled, the composite material is obtained. The composite material is vacuumed during the entire curing process .
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part is 1.25% to 1.45%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 76.97-79.62 MPa.
  • the present invention has at least the following characteristics:
  • the present invention produces composite parts with excellent performance under the condition of vacuuming and no external pressure or only applying 0 ⁇ 0.1MPa gauge pressure, which reduces the curing pressure of the composite material and the curing speed is greatly improved. Speeding up, saving equipment costs and curing costs, and achieving safe, uniform, efficient, energy-saving molding and curing of composite parts.
  • the present invention makes the performance of the composite material parts comparable to the composite material parts produced by the standard curing process of autoclave curing. Analysis of the reason may be that under the action of the vertical vibration acceleration in the present invention, the composite material is subjected to uniform vibration acceleration throughout, it can also effectively compact the composite prepreg layer, thereby improving the quality of the part And the porosity of the cured product is low and the pore distribution is uniform.
  • the heating device and the vibration device are integrated, so that the composite material parts can continue to be heated or insulated for thermal curing without cooling after vibration and heating treatment, and the product performance of the cured composite material parts is better ,higher efficiency.
  • the autoclave used to cure T800 prepreg in the prior art needs to withstand medium and high pressures and the tank walls are thick.
  • the microwave cavity in the present invention only needs to withstand normal pressure or low pressure with a gauge pressure of 0 to 0.1 MPa, and the device cost is significantly reduced.

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Abstract

一种基于微波腔的复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔（3）、微波发生器（5）、振动气锤（10）、物料托板（9）和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器（5）向微波加热腔（3）内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板（9）设置在微波加热腔（3）内，物料托板（9）上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件（14）；所述振动气锤（10）为能向所述物料托板（9）和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。所述装置可以使得复合材料预浸料在大气压/低压条件下固化得到性能优良的制件。

Description

一种基于微波腔的复合材料成形制造装置 技术领域
本发明属于复合材料固化成型领域，具体涉及一种含正多边形截面的棱柱形微波腔的复合材料固化装置。
背景技术
热压罐工艺是目前用于固化成型航空航天用高性能树脂基复合材料的最常用工艺，利用热压罐内部的高温压缩气体产生压力对复合材料预浸料进行加热、加压以完成固化成型。由于航空航天用的先进树脂基碳纤维增强复合材料在固化时一般都需要较高的温度和固化压力来减少固化过程中材料内部产生的缺陷，以保证固化后复合材料制件的质量，因此，热压罐固化成型工艺可以很好的满足此类高性能复合材料制件的成型需要。
热压罐系统通常由罐体系统、加压系统、加热系统、冷却系统、真空系统、控制系统等构成。罐体系统分为内筒和外筒，加热、冷却系统位于内外筒之间，在最高使用温度下罐外表温度不得大于60℃，升温速率通常为1-5℃/min可调，冷却系统采用循环水冷却，降温速率通常为0.5-5℃/min可调；热压罐内压力通常可达1.5-2.5MPa，并设置有安全防爆装置；真空系统使制品与模具之间形成一定的真空度，以便罐内压力作用到制品上；控制系统配备有温度、压力、真空度的指示和记录仪表。
热压罐工艺是通过加热罐内空气进而对制件进行由外而内的加热，虽然通过加热系统、加压系统以及鼓风系统的配合作用使得罐内的空气和压力相对均匀，但是在加热固化时，热量由材料外部向内部传递过程中，会在材料内部产生温度分布不均现象，进而使得固化程度不均匀，在材料内部产生较大的内应力，影响制件的成形质量。
同时，由于热压罐结构复杂、系统庞大，属于高压压力容器，因此投资建造所需要的费用较高；不仅如此，生产效率低且能耗巨大，设备制造和运行成本高昂等缺点的存在，限制了热压罐成型工艺的发展甚至成为制约复合材料广泛应用的瓶颈，因此，亟需发展一种低成本的复合材料固化技术及相应的设备。
微波具有选择性加热、加热速度快、加热均匀、穿透性强、热惯性小、节能环保等优点。作为一种新型的复合材料固化工艺，微波固化工艺的升温速率得到了很大程度的提高，通常可在5℃/min以上，因此能显著减少固化时间，降低生产成本，具有巨大的发展潜力。
由于微波固化工艺采用的高升温速率明显减少了复合材料制件的成型时间，在限制材料内部夹杂的空气排出的同时也造成了树脂与纤维之间的浸渍不完全，使得成型后的复合材料内部存在大量的孔隙，削弱了树脂与纤维之间的界面结合性能；同时，由于复合材料本身属于热的不良导体，采用微波加热复合材料极有可能由于微波场的分布不均匀造成待成型的制件局部温度过高进而产生“热点”，局部温度过低导致复合材料固化不完全，使得采用此工艺固化成型得到的复合材料制件的性能和质量远逊于采用热压罐工艺所得的制件，限制了该工艺在工程上的广泛应用。
国内外针对复合材料微波固化的设备研发方面开展了大量研究，并取得了一定的成果。CN201410295387提出了一种微波-压力固化复合材料的温度均匀分布方法，将复合材料置于多边形腔体中，通过微波在腔体内发生多次反射后入射至材料表面和内部，同时使气体压力通过压力容器提供后作用到材料表面；CN201610030557提出了一种微波加热装置及方法，在微波腔内放置吸波材料，由屏蔽微波区和透过微波区组成的微波局部屏蔽件覆盖在吸波材料外表面，进而针对复合材料制件的局部进行优先加热和固化；CN201410780220设计了一种成型装置，在微波加热复合材料过程中对复合材料制件的上下表面施加均衡的液体压力，有效压实复合材料制件；CN201610025303提出了一种复合能场加热装置，包括微波加热装置和热压罐，通过微波加热装置向微波腔内发送微波，通过热压罐提供的高压压实复合材料制件；专利申请CN201410471231、CN201410471234、CN201510109343等文件中也公开了使用热压罐与微波结合用于加热固化复合材料的技术。
但是用上述技术及装置对复合材料进行加热固化时，并没有降低固化压力对复合材料的影响，甚至还引入了高压场，不仅没有发挥出微波固化工艺节能环保的优势，同时还因为微波-高压场的同时存在增加了工艺的安全隐患；此外，针对微波固化均匀性的改进措施大多是采用额外的吸波或屏蔽材料达到温度分布均匀的效果，并没有从原理上解决微波场分布不均匀的问题。
因此，为了节约成本和提高安全系数，在不使用热压罐对复合材料进行高压固化时，如果能使得航空航天用的高性能复合材料的孔隙率也能实现类似在热压罐中热压固化的效果，这是本领域技术人员需要解决的问题。因此，本领域技术人员需要开发相应的用于高性能碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料制件固化的装置和方法。
发明内容
因此本发明提供一种含正多边形截面的棱柱形微波腔的复合材料固化装置，所述装置包括截面呈正多边形的棱柱形微波加热腔、微波发生器、振动气锤、物料托板和抽真空部件；所述正多边形为五边至十二边之间，且棱柱体的五至十二个侧面上各设置有一根长度方向沿微波加热腔的轴向布置且用于向微波加热腔中馈送微波的裂缝天线，所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋和真空管，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述装置还包括用于支撑微波加热腔卧式放置的机架(1)、用于控制微波发生器和振动气锤的操作控制系统(2)、设置在微波加热腔轴向一端且呈矩形的炉门(30)、设置在炉门上用于观察微波加热腔内情况的视镜(4)、用于一端设置在复合材料内部以实时检测复合材料内部温度的测温光纤(7)、用于连接所述真空管和真空袋的真空接头(8)、设置在微波加热腔内部用于支撑振动气锤的支撑板(11)、设置在复合材料外且在真空袋内的透气毡(13)、设置在物料托板上用于支撑复合材料待处理制件的透波模具板(16)、用于实时检测振动气锤提供的振动加速度的加速度传感器(17)。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述装置还包括也用于为所述复合材料供热的电热件，优选所述装置还包括磁控管(24)、激励腔(25)、微波馈入法兰(26)、高压开关电源(28)和高压开关电源箱(29)。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动气锤为复合材料提供加速度竖直方向的随机不间断的振动，优选所述振动气锤均匀分布在物料托板下方。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述微波腔体的截面为正八边形。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述复合材料为T800碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料，所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供2000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供3g以上振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供10Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供50g以下振动加速度的振动的振动气锤，优选所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供20Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供30g以下振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供30～1000Hz中至少部分振动频率的振动以及能提供5～20g中至少部分振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
本发明还提供一种含冷却部件的微波腔的复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔、微波发生器、振动气锤、物料托板、冷却部件和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋和真空管，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述冷却部件为用于为微波发生器散热及冷却的循环水冷却部件。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述冷却部件包括冷却水箱、冷却水泵、和散热器。
本发明还提供一种基于微波腔的复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔、微波发生器、振动气锤、物料托板、供压缩空气部件和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋和真空管，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述供压缩空气部件包括压缩空气气源、振动气锤气管以及用于为振动气锤提供润滑和减少磨损的油雾器。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述压缩空气气源由空气压缩机(18)提供，且所述供压缩空气部件还包括用于清洁空气压缩机中提供的压缩空气的空气过滤器(19)。
本发明还提供一种均匀接受微波辐射的复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔、微波发生器、振动气锤、物料托板、物料往复平移部件和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋和真空管，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述物料往复平移部件为能直接或间接带动所述复合材料待处理制件沿微波加热腔内某个方向往复运动的部件。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述微波加热腔为截面呈正多边形的棱柱形，且所述物料往复平移部件为直接或间接带动所述复合材料待处理制件沿微波加热腔的轴向往复运动的部件。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述物料往复平移部件包括导轨(221)、能在导轨上运动的移动导轮(211)、用于连接物料托板(9)而使得其带动复合材料往复运动的摆动机构(231)、用于为摆动机构提供动力的步进电机(251)和传动轴(241)。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述物料往复平移部件还包括传动齿轮(291)和用于连接步进电机(251)和传动轴(241)的第一轴承及轴承座(311)以及第一联轴器(321)。
本发明还提供一种微波均匀辐射的复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔、微波发生器、振动气锤、物料托板、微波模式搅拌器和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋和真空管，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述微波模式搅拌器包含用于带动叶片旋转的搅拌电机，且所述叶片为金属叶片用于反射微波使得微波加热腔内的微波辐射均匀。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述微波模式搅拌器还包含连接在搅拌电机和金属叶片之间的第二联轴器(232)和传动链轮(242)，且所述金属叶片通过第二轴承及轴承座(262)直接或间接固定在微波加热腔上。
在一种具体的实施方式中，金属叶片为平板式搅拌叶片(252)或螺旋式搅拌叶片(272)。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述微波加热腔为截面呈正多边形的棱柱形，且所述微波模式搅拌器的个数为与所述正多边形的边数相等，多个所述微波模式搅拌器之间通过传动链条(282)连接。
本发明还提供一种复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔、微波发生器、振动气锤、物料托板、物料往复平移部件、微波模式搅拌器和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件；所述抽真空部件包括真空 袋和真空管，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述物料往复平移部件为能直接或间接带动所述复合材料待处理制件沿微波加热腔内某个方向往复运动的部件；所述微波模式搅拌器包含用于带动叶片旋转的搅拌电机，且所述叶片为金属叶片用于反射微波而使得微波加热腔内的微波辐射均匀。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述微波加热腔为截面呈正多边形的棱柱形，且所述物料往复平移部件为直接或间接带动所述复合材料待处理制件沿微波加热腔的轴向往复运动的部件。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述物料往复平移部件包括导轨(221)、能在导轨上运动的移动导轮(211)、用于连接物料托板(9)而使得其带动复合材料往复运动的摆动机构(231)、用于为摆动机构提供动力的步进电机(251)和传动轴(241)。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述物料往复平移部件还包括传动齿轮(291)和用于连接步进电机(251)和传动轴(241)的第一轴承及轴承座(311)以及第一联轴器(321)。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述微波模式搅拌器还包含连接在搅拌电机和金属叶片之间的第二联轴器(232)和传动链轮(242)，且所述金属叶片通过第二轴承及轴承座(262)直接或间接固定在微波加热腔上。
在一种具体的实施方式中，金属叶片为平板式搅拌叶片(252)或螺旋式搅拌叶片(272)。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述微波加热腔为截面呈正多边形的棱柱形，且所述微波模式搅拌器的个数为与所述正多边形的边数相等，多个所述微波模式搅拌器之间通过传动链条(282)连接。
本发明还提供一种包含耐压微波腔的复合材料固化装置，所述装置包括能密闭设置的微波加热腔、微波发生器、振动气锤、物料托板、微波加热腔增压部件和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋和真空管，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述微波加热 腔增压部件包括至少一根与微波腔体连接而用于向微波加热腔中输入压缩空气的微波加热腔增压压缩气管。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述装置还包括空气压缩机(18)、空气过滤器(19)和油雾器(20)，且振动气锤气管(61)和微波加热腔增压压缩气管(62)均与所述空气压缩机(18)连接，所述油雾器用于为振动气锤提供润滑和减少磨损，所述空气过滤器用于清洁空气压缩机中提供的压缩空气。
本发明还提供一种包含微波加热的复合材料固化装置，所述装置包括截面呈正多边形的棱柱形微波加热腔、微波发生器、振动气锤、物料托板、中央回转轴和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋和真空管，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述中央回转轴设置在微波加热腔内的轴向中心位置，用于截面为中心对称图形的回转体复合材料制件设置其上。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述截面为中心对称图形的回转体复合材料制件为截面呈正多边形的棱柱形制件、椭球体制件、圆柱体制件中的一种。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述装置还包括将所述回转体复合材料制件套设在所述中央回转轴上的上件下件辅助工装。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述装置还包括将所述回转体复合材料制件直接或间接与所述物料托板固定的振动处理辅助工装。
使用本发明提供的装置和方法，至少能带来如下有益效果：
1)本发明提供一种微波能场和竖直方向的振动加速度场等多场耦合的复合能场，使得加热固化复合材料时其内部的温度场和固化度均匀。
2)本发明提供的装置使得复合材料的加热固化能真正做到各处均匀一致。本发明能实现复合材料制件的内部温度均匀分布和制件的内外固化同步，从而大大减少固化后的制件发生分层、变形、开裂、残余应力等各种缺陷的概率，使制件因为内部温度不均匀而导致的报废率得到大幅降低，提高了产品的生产质量和生产效益。
3)在一种具体的实施例中，本发明结合计算机自动控制技术，使用本发明提供的装置可以对复合材料进行自动控制的复合能场固化。
总的来说，本发明所述固化装置和固化方法可以使得复合材料预浸料在大气压/低压条件下固化得到性能优良的制件。
附图说明
图1为本发明中第一种实施方式的装置结构主视示意图。
图2为图1所述装置结构的俯视图。
图3为本发明中第二种实施方式的装置结构主视示意图。
图4为图3所述装置结构的部分结构的俯视图。
图5为本发明中第三种实施方式的装置结构主视示意图。
图6为图5所述装置结构的部分结构的俯视图。其中图6-A中使用平板式搅拌叶片252，而图6-B中使用螺旋式搅拌叶片272。
图7为图5所述装置结构的模式搅拌器连接示意图。
图8为本实用新型中第四种实施方式的装置结构主视示意图。
图9为本实用新型中第五种实施方式的装置结构主视示意图。
图10为本实用新型中第六种实施方式的装置结构主视示意图。
图1～10中：
1-机架 2-操作控制系统 3-微波加热腔 4-视镜 5-微波发生器 6-真空管 7-测温光纤 8-真空接头 9-物料托板 10-振动气锤 11-支撑板 12-真空袋 13-透气毡 14-待处理制件 15-压板 16-透波模具板 17-加速度传感器 18-空气压缩机 19-空气过滤器 20-油雾器，21-冷却水箱 22-冷却水泵 23-散热器 24-磁控管 25-激励腔 26-微波馈入法兰 27-裂缝天线 28-高压开关电源 29-高压开关电源箱 30-炉门，
211-移动导轮 221-导轨 231-摆动机构 3-微波加热腔 221-导轨 9-物料托板 291-传动齿轮 241-传动轴 311-第一轴承及轴承座 321-第一联轴器 251-步进电机，
212-微波模式搅拌器 222-搅拌电机 232-第二联轴器 242-传动链轮 252-平板式搅拌叶片 262-第二轴承及轴承座 272-螺旋式搅拌叶片 282-传动链条，
61-振动气锤气管 62-微波腔体增压压缩气管 63-中央回转轴。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以根据权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
本领域技术人员知晓地：含振动气锤的振动部件又称振动激励器或振动发生器。它是一种利用电动、电液压、压电或其他原理获得机械振动的装置。以较小的台面实现较 高的加速度和较高的工作频率。振动试验主要分为正弦振动和随机振动。含振动气锤的振动部件适用于汽车零部件、电子元器件、组件、医药、食品、家具、礼品、陶瓷、包装等行业实验室及生产线上对样品进行相关振动试验。如环境接收试验，品质鉴定试验，可靠性鉴定试验，耐久试验，振动模拟分析，材料特性试验，疲劳试验，振动防止改善等。模拟产品在制造、组装、运输及使用过程中所遭受的振动环境，以评定其结构的耐振性、可靠性和完好性。
也就是说，目前含振动气锤的振动部件的用途多限于人为加速地测试产品的寿命。
而本发明中利用含振动气锤的振动部件产生的竖直方向的随机振动，将其用于碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的固化过程中，使得复合材料预浸料固化成合格的复合材料制件。本发明中的固化原理参照了混凝土振捣原理。具体的，用混凝土拌合机拌和好的混凝土浇筑构件时，须排除其中气泡，进行捣固，使混凝土密实结合，消除混凝土的蜂窝麻面等现象，以提高其强度，保证混凝土构件的质量。上述对混凝土消除气泡、进行捣固的过程即为混凝土振捣。低频式的振动频率为25～50HZ；中频式为83～133HZ；高频式为167HZ以上。
本发明与混凝土振捣不同的是，首先本发明的振动频率不限于混凝土振捣的频率，其次，混凝土振捣属于冷固化，而本发明属于热固化过程；另外，本发明中是利用2g以上方向垂直向下的振动加速度振动，而混凝土振捣中振动加速度方向一般是无序的。
参照混凝土在初凝前1～4h左右进行的二次振捣，本发明后续也可以相应地试验二次振动观察其对复合材料热固化产生的影响。
本发明中的含振动气锤的振动部件可以使用现在已成熟的技术，如商购获取的“加速寿命测试仪”，该含振动气锤的振动部件本身专用于产品寿命的加速破坏测试，而本发明中将这样的含振动气锤的振动部件用于代替热压罐中的高压而使得碳纤维树脂基复合材料的固化效果更优。
此外，重力加速度g的方向总是竖直向下的，本发明中所述振动气锤能提供2g以上的振动加速度，即固化过程中振动气锤提供的振动加速度为2g以上，g＝9.8m/s 2，优选固化时振动加速度为2～50g，更优选5～30g。也即本发明中振动气锤提供的振动加速度方向同样是竖直方向。
本课题组在广泛调研国内外多种复合材料微波固化成型装置的基础上，针对复合材料微波固化过程中需要引入的压力、微波场存在分布不均匀的问题，将微波固化装置与 振动平台巧妙的结合，提出了适用于振动预处理+低压微波固化碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料工艺的振动微波复合成形制造系统。
本发明针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料微波固化工艺面临的成型压力高、微波场分布不均匀的问题，基于微波技术的波导理论和机械振动的相关知识，设计了一种能够同时实现振动处理和微波固化复合材料的振动微波复合成形制造系统，在显著降低复合材料成形压力、缩短成形时间的同时很好地保证了成形后制件的质量，以满足复合材料构件节能环保、高质高效成形制造的工程化需要。
振动微波复合成形制造系统主要包括微波加热系统、振动系统、控制系统、辅助系统等。微波加热系统由微波加热腔体、微波发生器、裂缝天线、微波加热均匀性调节系统等相关配套部件组成，其主要功能是把微波高效、均匀地馈入到腔体内部，使内部制件得到均匀加热。微波加热腔采用正多边形结构(以正八边形为例)，可安装8支单个功率为1kW的微波发生器，微波发生器由磁控管、激励强、微波馈入法兰组成，单个微波发生器的功率均可在100W-1000W之间单独、连续可调，总功率为8kW；腔体上布置有多类线路通道及预留孔：包括测温装置通道、振动激振器线路通道、应力应变测试通道、真空管通道、中央回转轴预留孔等，在保证整个制造系统正常工作的同时还可实现腔体内部各状态参数的实时监测和控制；腔体内部安装有八套裂缝天线，采用裂缝天线馈入的方式将频率为2.45GHz±25MHz的微波引入到微波加热装置的腔体内；配套的微波电源共八套，其输出功率在0.1-1.0kW范围内连续可调；微波加热均匀性调节系统包括物料摆动机构和模式搅拌器，物料摆动机构采用步进电机驱动齿轮齿条机构使得物料托板进行摆动，摆动范围50-200mm，幅度连续可调，摆动速度为400mm/min，不锈钢导轨两端与微波加热腔端框进行焊接固定，物料托板最大承载力为250kg，下方与振动气锤相连接，放置在移动导轨上，采用可长时间承受随机振动的透波材料制作；模式搅拌器的搅拌叶片以微波加热腔的轴向为旋转轴轴向进行旋转，转速在1-10r/min范围内连读可调，搅拌叶片采用平板式和螺旋式两种模式，材料为不锈钢，八套模式搅拌器之间通过链轮链条的方式进行连接，采用一台搅拌电机进行驱动。
振动系统的总体结构包括振动气锤、支撑板、提供压缩空气的气源等。两块支撑板用于固定气锤，材料为Q235结构钢，板两端同样采用焊接的方式与微波加热腔的端框进行固定；振动气锤一端与固定的支撑板连接，另一端与物料托板进行连接。振动系统工作时，两列共八个(沿腔体轴向每列四个)振动气锤首先整体上升，使物料托板与物料摆动机构的导轨脱离，然后八个振动气锤开始独立工作，使物料托板处于随机振动状态；采 用螺杆式空气压缩机为气锤提供压缩空气的气源，采用双螺杆啮合压缩原理，具备运行平稳、气源清洁、压力波动小等优点。振动系统能提供的最大加速度为50g，加速度稳定度为±1g(一分钟内)，振动频率为10-5000Hz。振动系统同时配备有一个位于物料托板上的加速度传感器，用于物料托板振动加速度的实时监控。
控制系统主要包括对微波加热系统的控制以及振动系统的控制。微波加热系统的测温模块配备有9个测温通道，通过9根测温光纤可同时采集放置在微波加热腔内制件的最多9个不同位置的温度，将获得的信息传输至数据采集仪，数据采集仪对数据分析处理后传输至微波加热控制系统，控制系统向微波功率控制模块发出信号，进而调整微波发生器产生的微波功率。微波加热控制系统可针对采集到的多个数据，对位于加热腔体上的八个微波发生器的馈入功率进行单独调控，通过预先在控制系统内输入温度曲线，可实现微波加热系统对腔体内部制件的自动加热。
振动控制系统可通过调节振动气锤单位时间内的进、排气量来控制物料托板以不同的加速度进行随机振动，并可使托板进行上升、下降等位移操作。通过放置在物料托板上的加速度传感器采集数据并将数据传送给控制模块，通过控制模块对振动平台的振动时间、振动加速度进行设置，并完成各种实时控制和主要参数的采集。微波控制系统和振动控制系统可协同工作，通过输入全过程的成型工艺曲线，实现振动微波复合能场下复合材料构件的自动化成形制造。
辅助系统主要包括循环冷却水系统、真空系统、空气过滤器和油雾器等。循环水冷系统包括水泵、配套的水箱以及散热器，用于微波发生器的散热及冷却，水泵的流量为2立方/小时，散热器的换热量为5kW；真空系统用于使制件与模具制件形成真空，通过真空袋外的大气压力达到压实制件，提高制件质量的效果。真空系统包括真空嘴、快速接头、真空管等结构，为了避免金属制品在微波场内对微波场均匀性产生的负面影响，本发明真空系统包含的设备均采用聚四氟乙烯制备；空气过滤器为筒形构件，内有滤芯，保证进入振动系统的压缩空气是洁净的，减少气锤的磨损；油雾器用于振动气锤的润滑，使气锤在振动过程中减少磨损，增加使用寿命。
具体操作：
将复合材料预浸料(以T800/X850为例)放置于可长时间承受振动的透波模具上，预浸料内部埋放有测温光纤(可在不同位置埋放多根)，然后依次放置透气毡、真空嘴、真空袋后，采用密封胶进行密封，使用压板将模具与物料托板进行固定(可采用螺栓连接)，将测温光纤及真空嘴与设备的测温模块和真空系统进行连接，关闭炉门。
通过外部的控制器设定成型工艺曲线，包括振动加速度、振动时间、微波升温速率、保温温度、保温时间等参数，微波升温速率通过微波控制系统根据实时采集的温度改变微波发生器馈入功率自动调节实现。
打开设备的真空系统、微波均匀性调节系统、辅助系统等，运行设备，通过炉门上的视镜及温度、加速度传感器等装置可对腔体内部的情况进行实时监测，实现复合材料构件经过振动预处理后采用微波进行固化的成形制造过程。
本发明不仅针对平板及复杂结构型面的复合材料制件进行振动微波复合成形制造，还可通过加装中央回转轴以及配套工装，实现回转体结构件的成型制造。
本发明的一种具体实施方式中，振动气锤的锤芯会从缸体内不断伸出，油雾器对锤芯与缸体之间的摩擦起到润滑作用。
本发明的一种具体实施方式中，所述微波加热腔能密闭设置且能耐受一定的压力，例如耐受0～0.1MPa的表压，通过向所述微波加热腔中输入压缩空气而使得微波腔体内的压力表压为0～0.1MPa。本发明中，因为复合材料制件固化过程中产生的气体都经抽真空部件抽走，因而不用担心制件会向微波加热腔中排气，且设置有微波加热腔增压压缩气管和能密闭的微波加热腔使得该装置可以用于同一个装置实现微波、振动和带压实验。本领域技术人员能理解的，所述带压实验即微波加热腔内形成一定的表压而给复合材料制件提供一定的外压力。通过空气压缩机18将压缩空气引入微波加热腔，使得微波加热腔中形成低压表压，在振动处理和微波固化工艺的基础上，可进一步提高复合材料制件的性能。
本发明所述装置结合使用了振动气锤和微波发生器，使得其可以用于如下四种复合材料的固化方法中：
第一、使用振动预处理碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料预浸料，同时辅以电加热，之后使用微波固化所述复合材料预浸料。
第二、使用振动预处理结合电热件进行复合材料的热固化，不使用微波加热。
第三、全程使用微波或使用微波和电热件相结合的加热方式进行加热，不使用振动处理。
第四、全程使用振动处理复合材料，同时加热固化，可以是微波加热和/或电加热。
实施例1
使用本发明所述装置固化T800复合材料，
先电加热并用振动气锤对复合材料做振动处理，温度由室温以1.5℃/min升温至80℃，之后保温30min，振动频率为10-2000Hz，振动加速度为10g，g＝9.8m/s 2，振动处理过程中对复合材料抽真空处理，复合材料所处环境为大气压/低压。
该复合材料在80℃保温30min的振动处理后，停止振动，直接由80℃升温到180℃进行热固化，电加热和微波加热复合热场对复合材料做升温固化处理，复合材料的复合热场升温速率为3～5℃/min，此阶段对复合材料继续抽真空处理，并对复合材料制件施加表压为0.1MPa外压。升温至180℃后保温150min，随炉冷却后即可得到复合材料制件。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为0.31～0.39％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为98.56～101.23Mpa。
本发明装置中，例如所述振动气锤的振动环境为：三轴六自由度超高斯随机振动，其最大加速度为50g或75g，其振动频率为10～5000Hz，其工作的温度范围为-100℃～+200℃。振动平台利用外部空压机作为动力源，持续利用振动气锤提供稳定振源，振动过程中振动在竖直方向上从振动气锤传递至复合材料。
实施例2
使用本发明所述装置固化T800复合材料，振动加速度为15g，其它条件均与实施例1相同。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为0.35％-0.42％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为97.65-99.54MPa。
实施例3
使用本发明所述装置固化T800复合材料，保温阶段为在大气压/低压下进行保温，其它条件均与实施例1相同。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为0.35％-0.45％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为93.92-97.18MPa。
对比例1
本对比例为单独使用热压罐对T800复合材料进行高温高压整体固化，固化压力为0.6MPa，热压罐中电加热使得复合材料温度由室温以1.5℃/min升温至180℃，且升温至180℃后保温150min，随炉冷却后得到复合材料制件，整个固化过程中对复合材料进行抽真空处理。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为0.36％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为98.15Mpa。
对比例2
本对比例为单独使用微波对T800复合材料进行高温整体固化，在抽真空条件下，以及外部压力为表压0.1Mpa下。微波加热使得复合材料温度由室温以3～5℃/min升温至180℃，且升温至180℃后保温150min，随炉冷却后得到复合材料制件，整个固化过程中对复合材料进行抽真空处理。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为1.25％-1.45％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为76.97-79.62MPa。
由本发明实施例1～3以及对比例1和2的比较结果可知，本发明所述装置固化后得到的复合材料制件的性能完全可以跟热压罐固化这种标准固化工艺相媲美。
综上所述，本发明至少具备如下特点：
1、本发明在抽真空和不外加压力或仅施加0～0.1MPa表压的情况下制备得到性能优异的复合材料制件，降低了复合材料固化成型压力，且固化速度得到了很大程度的加快，节约了设备成本和固化成本，实现了复合材料制件安全、均匀、高效、节能地成型固化。
2、本发明通过优化外加压力、振动频率和振动加速度之后，使得复合材料制件的性能媲美于热压罐固化这种标准固化工艺制得的复合材料制件。分析原因，可能是在本发明中竖直方向振动加速度的作用下，复合材料各处受到均匀一致的振动加速度，它同样可以有效压实复合材料的预浸料铺层，从而提高制件的质量，且固化所得制件的孔隙率低且孔隙分布均匀。
3、本发明中将加热装置和振动装置一体化设置，使得复合材料制件在振动和加热处理后无需冷却即可继续升温或保温进行热固化，固化所得的复合材料制件的产品性能更好、效率更高。
现有技术中用于固化T800预浸料的热压罐需耐中高压，罐壁厚实。本发明中的微波腔体只需耐受常压或耐受表压为0～0.1MPa的低压，装置成本显著降低。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演和替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种含正多边形截面的棱柱形微波腔的复合材料固化装置，所述装置包括截面呈正多边形的棱柱形微波加热腔(3)、微波发生器(5)、振动气锤(10)、物料托板(9)和抽真空部件；所述正多边形边数在五边至十二边之间，且棱柱体的五至十二个侧面上各设置一根长度方向沿微波加热腔的轴向布置且用于向微波加热腔中馈送微波的裂缝天线(27)，所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件(14)；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋(12)和真空管(6)，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括用于支撑微波加热腔卧式放置的机架(1)、用于控制微波发生器和振动气锤的操作控制系统(2)、设置在微波加热腔轴向一端且呈矩形的炉门(30)、设置在炉门上用于观察微波加热腔内情况的视镜(4)、用于一端设置在复合材料内部而实时检测复合材料内部温度的测温光纤(7)、用于连接所述真空管和真空袋的真空接头(8)、设置在微波加热腔内部用于支撑振动气锤的支撑板(11)、设置在复合材料外且在真空袋内的透气毡(13)、设置在物料托板上用于支撑复合材料待处理制件的透波模具板(16)、用于实时检测振动气锤提供的振动加速度的加速度传感器(17)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括也用于为所述复合材料供热的电热件，优选所述装置还包括磁控管(24)、激励腔(25)、微波馈入法兰(26)、高压开关电源(28)和高压开关电源箱(29)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动气锤为复合材料提供加速度沿竖直方向的随机不间断的振动，优选所述振动气锤均匀分布在物料托板下方。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述微波加热腔的截面为正八边形。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述复合材料为T800碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料，所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供2000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供3g以上振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
  7. 根据权利要求1～5中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供10Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供50g以下振动加速度的振动的振动气锤，优选所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供20Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供30g以下振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
  8. 根据权利要求1～3中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供30～1000Hz中至少部分振动频率的振动以及能提供5～20g中至少部分振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
  9. 根据权利要求1～3中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括微波模式搅拌器，且所述微波模式搅拌器包含用于带动叶片旋转的搅拌电机(222)，且所述叶片为金属叶片用于反射微波而使得微波加热腔内的微波辐射均匀。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，金属叶片为平板式搅拌叶片(252)或螺旋式搅拌叶片(272)。
  11. 一种含冷却部件的微波腔的复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔(3)、微波发生器(5)、振动气锤(10)、物料托板(9)、冷却部件和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件(14)；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋(12)和真空管(6)，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述冷却部件为用于为微波发生器散热及冷却的循环水冷却部件。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述装置，其特征在于，所述冷却部件包括冷却水箱(21)、冷却水泵(22)、和散热器(23)。
  13. 一种基于微波腔的复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔(3)、微波发生器(5)、振动气锤(10)、物料托板(9)、供压缩空气部件和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件(14)；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋(12)和真空管(6)，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤； 所述供压缩空气部件包括压缩空气气源、振动气锤气管(61)以及用于为振动气锤提供润滑和减少磨损的油雾器(20)。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述装置，其特征在于，所述压缩空气气源由空气压缩机(18)提供，且所述供压缩空气部件还包括用于清洁由空气压缩机提供的压缩空气的空气过滤器(19)。
  15. 一种均匀接受微波辐射的复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔(3)、微波发生器(5)、振动气锤(10)、物料托板(9)、物料往复平移部件和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件(14)；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋(12)和真空管(6)，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述物料往复平移部件为能直接或间接带动所述复合材料待处理制件沿微波加热腔内某个方向往复运动的部件。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述微波加热腔为截面呈正多边形的棱柱形，且所述物料往复平移部件为直接或间接带动所述复合材料待处理制件沿微波加热腔的轴向往复运动的部件。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述物料往复平移部件包括导轨(221)、能在导轨上运动的移动导轮(211)、用于连接物料托板(9)而使得其带动复合材料往复运动的摆动机构(231)、用于为摆动机构提供动力的步进电机(251)和传动轴(241)。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述物料往复平移部件还包括传动齿轮(291)和用于连接步进电机(251)和传动轴(241)的第一轴承及轴承座(311)以及第一联轴器(321)。
  19. 一种微波均匀辐射的复合材料成形制造装置，所述装置包括微波加热腔(3)、微波发生器(5)、振动气锤(10)、物料托板(9)、微波模式搅拌器(212)和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件(14)；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋(12)和真空管(6)，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合 材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述微波模式搅拌器包含用于带动叶片旋转的搅拌电机(222)，且所述叶片为金属叶片用于反射微波而使得微波加热腔内的微波辐射均匀。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述微波模式搅拌器还包含连接在搅拌电机和金属叶片之间的第二联轴器(232)和传动链轮(242)，且所述金属叶片通过第二轴承及轴承座(262)直接或间接固定在微波加热腔上。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，金属叶片为平板式搅拌叶片(252)或螺旋式搅拌叶片(272)。
  22. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述微波加热腔为截面呈正多边形的棱柱形，且所述微波模式搅拌器的个数为与所述正多边形的边数相等，多个所述微波模式搅拌器之间通过传动链条(282)连接。
  23. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括物料往复平移部件，所述物料往复平移部件为能直接或间接带动所述复合材料待处理制件沿微波加热腔内某个方向往复运动的部件。
  24. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述微波加热腔为截面呈正多边形的棱柱形，且所述物料往复平移部件为直接或间接带动所述复合材料待处理制件沿微波加热腔的轴向往复运动的部件。
  25. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述物料往复平移部件包括导轨(221)、能在导轨上运动的移动导轮(211)、用于连接物料托板(9)而使得其带动复合材料往复运动的摆动机构(231)、用于为摆动机构提供动力的步进电机(251)和传动轴(241)。
  26. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述物料往复平移部件还包括传动齿轮(291)和用于连接步进电机(251)和传动轴(241)的第一轴承及轴承座(311)以及第一联轴器(321)。
  27. 一种包含耐压微波腔的复合材料固化装置，所述装置包括能密闭设置的微波加热腔(3)、微波发生器(5)、振动气锤(10)、物料托板(9)、微波加热腔增压部件和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件(14)；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋(12)和真空管(6)，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托 板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述微波加热腔增压部件包括至少一根与微波加热腔连接而用于向微波加热腔中输入压缩空气的微波加热腔增压压缩气管(62)。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括空气压缩机(18)、空气过滤器(19)和油雾器(20)，且振动气锤气管(61)和微波加热腔增压压缩气管(62)均与所述空气压缩机(18)连接，所述油雾器用于为振动气锤提供润滑和减少磨损，所述空气过滤器用于清洁空气压缩机中提供的压缩空气。
  29. 一种包含微波加热的复合材料固化装置，所述装置包括截面呈正多边形的棱柱形微波加热腔(3)、微波发生器(5)、振动气锤(10)、物料托板(9)、中央回转轴和抽真空部件；所述微波发生器向微波加热腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述物料托板设置在微波加热腔内，物料托板上用于直接或间接放置复合材料待处理制件(14)；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋(12)和真空管(6)，用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出并利用真空袋外的气压压实制件；所述振动气锤为能向所述物料托板和复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上竖直方向的振动加速度的振动的振动气锤；所述中央回转轴设置在微波加热腔内的轴向中心位置，用于将截面为中心对称图形的回转体复合材料制件设置其上。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的装置，其特征在于，所述截面为中心对称图形的回转体复合材料制件为截面呈正多边形的棱柱形制件、椭球体制件、圆柱体制件中的一种。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括将所述回转体复合材料制件套设在所述中央回转轴上的上件下件辅助工装。
  32. 根据权利要求29所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括将所述回转体复合材料制件直接或间接与所述物料托板固定的振动处理辅助工装。
  33. 根据权利要求11～32中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括用于支撑微波加热腔卧式放置的机架(1)、用于控制微波发生器和振动气锤的操作控制系统(2)、设置在微波加热腔轴向一端且呈矩形的炉门(30)、设置在炉门上用于观察微波加热腔内情况的视镜(4)、用于一端设置在复合材料内部而实时检测复合材料内部温度的测温光纤(7)、用于连接所述真空管和真空袋的真空接头(8)、设置在微波加热腔内部用于支撑振动气锤的支撑板(11)、设置在复合材料外且在真空袋内的透气毡(13)、设置在物料托板上用于支撑复合材料待处理制件的透波模具板(16)、用于实时检测振动气锤提供的振动加速度的加速度传感器(17)；所述装置还包括也用于为所 述复合材料供热的电热件，优选所述装置还包括磁控管(24)、激励腔(25)、微波馈入法兰(26)、高压开关电源(28)和高压开关电源箱(29)。
  34. 根据权利要求11～32中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述复合材料为T800碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料，所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供2000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供3g以上振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
  35. 根据权利要求11～32中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供10Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供50g以下振动加速度的振动的振动气锤，优选所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供20Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供30g以下振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
  36. 根据权利要求11～32中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动气锤为能向所述复合材料提供30～1000Hz中至少部分振动频率的振动以及能提供5～20g中至少部分振动加速度的振动的振动气锤。
  37. 根据权利要求11～18和27～32中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括微波模式搅拌器，且所述微波模式搅拌器包含用于带动叶片旋转的搅拌电机(222)，且所述叶片为金属叶片用于反射微波而使得微波加热腔内的微波辐射均匀。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的装置，其特征在于，金属叶片为平板式搅拌叶片(252)或螺旋式搅拌叶片(272)。
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CN115490945A (zh) * 2022-09-15 2022-12-20 南京科频电子科技有限公司 一种微波暗室用吸波材料、吸波角锥的制备工艺
CN116373345A (zh) * 2023-03-20 2023-07-04 美洲豹(浙江)航空装备有限公司 一种用导热油的热压罐
CN117162540A (zh) * 2023-11-02 2023-12-05 湖南科技大学 树脂基复合材料微波超声固化成型装备和固化成型方法
CN117681352A (zh) * 2024-01-29 2024-03-12 四川金元管业有限公司 一种frtp复合材料加热成型系统
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CN117681352A (zh) * 2024-01-29 2024-03-12 四川金元管业有限公司 一种frtp复合材料加热成型系统
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CN119898052A (zh) * 2025-04-01 2025-04-29 深圳市鑫台铭智能装备股份有限公司 一种复合材料压差披覆机

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